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Alves L, Magalhães S, Pedrosa JFS, Ferreira PJT, Gamelas JAF, Rasteiro MG. Rheology of Suspensions of TEMPO-Oxidised and Cationic Cellulose Nanofibrils-The Effect of Chemical Pre-Treatment. Gels 2024; 10:367. [PMID: 38920914 PMCID: PMC11202593 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are particles with a high aspect ratio. Typically, chemically pre-treated CNFs (containing anionic or cationic charged groups) consist of long fibrils (up to 2 μm) with very low thickness (less than 10 nm). Derived from their high aspect ratio, CNFs form strong hydrogels with high elasticity at low concentrations. Thus, CNF suspensions appear as an interesting rheology modifier to be applied in cosmetics, paints, foods, and as a mineral suspending agent, among other applications. The high viscosity results from the strong 3D fibril network, which is related to the good fibrillation of the material, allowing the nanofibrils to overlap. The overlap concentration (c*) was found to vary from ca. 0.13 to ca. 0.60 wt.% depending on the type and intensity of the pre-treatment applied during the preparation of the CNFs. The results confirm the higher tendency for the fibres treated with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) to form a 3D network, resulting in the lowest c*. For the TEMPO-oxidised CNF suspensions, it was also found that aggregation is improved at acidic pH conditions due to lower charge repulsion among fibrils, leading to an increase in the suspension viscosity as well as higher apparent yield stresses. TEMPO CNF suspensions with a low content of carboxylic groups tend to precipitate at moderately acidic pH values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Alves
- University of Coimbra, CERES, Department of Chemical Engineering, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.M.); (J.F.S.P.); (P.J.T.F.); (J.A.F.G.); (M.G.R.)
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2
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Wu SH, Rethi L, Pan WY, Nguyen HT, Chuang AEY. Emerging horizons and prospects of polysaccharide-constructed gels in the realm of wound healing. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2024; 235:113759. [PMID: 38280240 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2024.113759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Polysaccharides, with the abundant availability, biodegradability, and inherent safety, offer a vast array of promising applications. Leveraging the remarkable attributes of polysaccharides, biomimetic and multifunctional hydrogels have emerged as a compelling avenue for efficacious wound dressing. The gels emulate the innate extracellular biomatrix as well as foster cellular proliferation. The distinctive structural compositions and profusion of functional groups within polysaccharides confer excellent physical/chemical traits as well as distinct restorative involvements. Gels crafted from polysaccharide matrixes serve as a robust defense against bacterial threats, effectively shielding wounds from harm. This comprehensive review delves into wound physiology, accentuating the significance of numerous polysaccharide-based gels in the wound healing context. The discourse encompasses an exploration of polysaccharide hydrogels tailored for diverse wound types, along with an examination of various therapeutic agents encapsulated within hydrogels to facilitate wound repair, incorporating recent patent developments. Within the scope of this manuscript, the perspective of these captivating gels for promoting optimal healing of wounds is vividly depicted. Nevertheless, the pursuit of knowledge remains ongoing, as further research is warranted to bioengineer progressive polysaccharide gels imbued with adaptable features. Such endeavors hold the promise of unlocking substantial potential within the realm of wound healing, propelling us toward multifaceted and sophisticated solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Han Wu
- Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Lekshmi Rethi
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; International Ph.D Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yu Pan
- School of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235603, Taiwan; Ph.D Program in Medical Biotechnology, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235603, Taiwan
| | - Hieu Trung Nguyen
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Viet Nam
| | - Andrew E-Y Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; International Ph.D Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan; Cell Physiology and Molecular Image Research Center, Taipei Medical University-Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei 11696, Taiwan.
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3
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Ren ZF, Lin KY, Yu SS. The Effect of Temperature and Shear on the Gelation of Cellulose Nanocrystals in Deep Eutectic Solvents. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:248-257. [PMID: 38110336 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
With the flourishing development of 3D printing technology, the demand for printing materials has been increasing rapidly in recent years. In particular, physical gels formed by cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) exhibit suitable shear-thinning behavior, high storage moduli, and high yield stresses for extrusion-based printing. While most studies use water as the dispersing medium to form CNC percolated gels, the dispersing behavior of CNCs in alternative solvents, such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), has not been fully explored. Especially, DESs have low volatility and good ionic conductivity to form functional ionogels. Precise control of the rheological properties and selection of suitable dispersion processes continue to pose significant challenges. In light of this, we have devised a novel dispersion process employing thermal and shear treatments to facilitate the gelation of CNCs within DESs. A crude dispersion of CNCs in the DES underwent thermal treatment to partially remove the surface sulfate ester on CNCs. As a result, the repulsive force between CNCs decreases. A second shear then significantly increases the strength of CNC/DES gels potentially because of the increased rod-rod contacts. This approach enables the formation of high-strength gels at low concentrations of CNCs. Both thermal treatment and a second shear are crucial to forming strong percolated CNC gels. In short, we showed a simple strategy to facilitate the dispersion and gelation of CNCs for direct ink writing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Fan Ren
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yu Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Sheng Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Core Facility Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Program on Smart and Sustainable Manufacturing, Academy of Innovative Semiconductor and Sustainable Manufacturing, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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Ruiz D, Michel VF, Niederberger M, Lizundia E. Chitin Nanofibrils from Fungi for Hierarchical Gel Polymer Electrolytes for Transient Zinc-Ion Batteries with Stable Zn Electrodeposition. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303394. [PMID: 37434080 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Rechargeable batteries play an integral role toward carbon neutrality. Environmentally sustainable batteries should consider the trade-offs between material renewability, processability, thermo-mechanical and electrochemical performance, as well as transiency. To address this dilemma, we follow circular economy principles to fabricate fungal chitin nanofibril (ChNF) gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) for zinc-ion batteries. These biocolloids are physically entangled into hierarchical hydrogels with specific surface areas of 49.5 m2 ·g-1 . Ionic conductivities of 54.1 mS·cm-1 and a Zn2+ transference number of 0.468 are reached, outperforming conventional non-renewable/non-biodegradable glass microfibre separator-liquid electrolyte pairs. Enabled by its mechanically elastic properties and large water uptake, a stable Zn electrodeposition in symmetric Zn|Zn configuration with a lifespan above 600 h at 9.5 mA·cm-2 is obtained. At 100 mA·g-1 , the discharge capacity of Zn/α-MnO2 full cells increases above 500 cycles when replacing glass microfiber separators with ChNF GPEs, while the rate performance remains comparable to glass microfiber separators. To make the battery completely transient, the metallic current collectors are replaced by biodegradable polyester/carbon black composites undergoing degradation in water at 70 °C. This work demonstrates the applicability of bio-based materials to fabricate green and electrochemically competitive batteries with potential applications in sustainable portable electronics, or biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ruiz
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Veronica F Michel
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Markus Niederberger
- Laboratory for Multifunctional Materials, Department of Materials, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 5, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Erlantz Lizundia
- Life Cycle Thinking Group, Department of Graphic Design and Engineering Projects, Faculty of Engineering in Bilbao, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Bilbao, 48013, Spain
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
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5
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Gabrielli V, Ferrarini A, Frasconi M. A study across scales to unveil microstructural regimes in the multivalent metal driven self-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:13384-13392. [PMID: 37531168 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01418e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the behaviour of self-assembled systems, from nanoscale building blocks to bulk materials, is a central theme for the rational design of high-performance materials. Herein, we revealed, at different length scales, how the self-assembly of TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanocrystals (TOCNCs) into rod fractal gels is directed by the complexation of Fe3+ ions on the surface of colloidal particles. Different specificities in Fe3+ binding on the TOCNC surface and conformational changes of the nanocellulose chain were unveiled by paramagnetic NMR spectroscopy. The macroscopic properties of systems presenting different concentrations of TOCNCs and Fe3+ ions were investigated by rheology and microscopy, demonstrating the tunability of the self-assembly of cellulose nanorods driven by Fe3+ complexation. Near-atomistic coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations were developed to gain microscopic insight into the behaviour of this colloidal system. We found that the formation of different self-assembled architectures is driven by metal-nanocellulose complexation combined with the attenuation of electrostatic repulsion and water structuration around cellulose, leading to different microstructural regimes, from isolated nanorods to disconnected rod fractal clusters and rod fractal gels. These findings lay the foundation to unlock the full potential of cellulose nanocrystals as sustainable building blocks to develop self-assembled materials with defined structural control for a range of advanced applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gabrielli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alberta Ferrarini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.
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6
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Garavand F, Nooshkam M, Khodaei D, Yousefi S, Cacciotti I, Ghasemlou M. Recent advances in qualitative and quantitative characterization of nanocellulose-reinforced nanocomposites: A review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 318:102961. [PMID: 37515865 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.102961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanocellulose has received immense consideration owing to its valuable inherent traits and impressive physicochemical properties such as biocompatibility, thermal stability, non-toxicity, and tunable surface chemistry. These features have inspired researchers to deploy nanocellulose as nanoscale reinforcement materials for bio-based polymers. A simple yet efficient characterization method is often required to gain insights into the effectiveness of various types of nanocellulose. Despite a decade of continuous research and booming growth in scientific publications, nanocellulose research lacks a measuring tool that can characterize its features with acceptable speed and reliability. Implementing reliable characterization techniques is critical to monitor the specifications of nanocellulose alone or in the final product. Many techniques have been developed aiming to measure the nano-reinforcement mechanisms of nanocellulose in polymer composites. This review gives a full account of the scientific underpinnings of techniques that can characterize the shape and arrangement of nanocellulose. This review aims to deliver consolidated details on the properties and characteristics of nanocellulose in biopolymer composite materials to improve various structural, mechanical, barrier and thermal properties. We also present a comprehensive description of the safety features of nanocellulose before and after being loaded within biopolymeric matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Garavand
- Department of Food Chemistry and Technology, Teagasc Moorepark Food Research Centre, Fermoy, Co. Cork, Ireland.
| | - Majid Nooshkam
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad (FUM), Mashhad, Iran
| | - Diako Khodaei
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Environmental Sustainability and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland.
| | - Shima Yousefi
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Department of Engineering, INSTM RU, University of Rome 'Niccolò Cusano', Rome, Italy.
| | - Mehran Ghasemlou
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia.
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7
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Schmitt J, Calabrese V, da Silva MA, Hossain KMZ, Li P, Mahmoudi N, Dalgliesh RM, Washington AL, Scott JL, Edler KJ. Surfactant induced gelation of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril dispersions probed using small angle neutron scattering. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:034901. [PMID: 36681636 DOI: 10.1063/5.0129276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we studied TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (OCNF) suspensions in the presence of diverse surfactants. Using a combination of small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and rheology, we compared the physical properties of the suspensions with their structural behavior. Four surfactants were studied, all with the same hydrophobic tail length but different headgroups: hexaethylene glycol mono-n-dodecyl ether (C12EO6, nonionic), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS, anionic), cocamidopropyl betaine (CapB, zwitterionic), and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB, cationic). Contrast variation SANS studies using deuterated version of C12EO6 or SDS, or by varying the D2O/H2O ratio of the suspensions (with CapB), allowed focusing only on the structural properties of OCNFs or surfactant micelles. We showed that, in the concentration range studied, for C12EO6, although the nanofibrils are concentrated thanks to an excluded volume effect observed in SANS, the rheological properties of the suspensions are not affected. Addition of SDS or CapB induces gelation for surfactant concentrations superior to the critical micellar concentration (CMC). SANS results show that attractive interactions between OCNFs arise in the presence of these anionic or zwitterionic surfactants, hinting at depletion attraction as the main mechanism of gelation. Finally, addition of small amounts of DTAB (below the CMC) allows formation of a tough gel by adsorbing onto the OCNF surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Vincenzo Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo A da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Kazi M Z Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Peixun Li
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Najet Mahmoudi
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Robert M Dalgliesh
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Adam L Washington
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Janet L Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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8
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Poirier A, Le Griel P, Hoffmann I, Perez J, Pernot P, Fresnais J, Baccile N. Ca 2+ and Ag + orient low-molecular weight amphiphile self-assembly into "nano-fishnet" fibrillar hydrogels with unusual β-sheet-like raft domains. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:378-393. [PMID: 36562421 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01218a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Low-molecular weight gelators (LMWGs) are small molecules (Mw < ∼1 kDa), which form self-assembled fibrillar network (SAFiN) hydrogels in water when triggered by an external stimulus. A great majority of SAFiN gels involve an entangled network of self-assembled fibers, in analogy to a polymer in a good solvent. In some rare cases, a combination of attractive van der Waals and repulsive electrostatic forces drives the formation of bundles with a suprafibrillar hexagonal order. In this work, an unexpected micelle-to-fiber transition is triggered by Ca2+ or Ag+ ions added to a micellar solution of a novel glycolipid surfactant, whereas salt-induced fibrillation is not common for surfactants. The resulting SAFiN, which forms a hydrogel above 0.5 wt%, has a "nano-fishnet" structure, characterized by a fibrous network of both entangled fibers and β-sheet-like rafts, generally observed for silk fibroin, actin hydrogels or mineral imogolite nanotubes, but not known for SAFiNs. The β-sheet-like raft domains are characterized by a combination of cryo-TEM and SAXS and seem to contribute to the stability of glycolipid gels. Furthermore, glycolipid is obtained by fermentation from natural resources (glucose, rapeseed oil), thus showing that naturally engineered compounds can have unprecedented properties, when compared to the wide range of chemically derived amphiphiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Poirier
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | - Patrick Le Griel
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France.
| | | | - Javier Perez
- Synchrotron Soleil, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Petra Pernot
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble, France
| | - Jérôme Fresnais
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physico-chimie des Électrolytes et Nanosystèmes Interfaciaux, PHENIX - UMR 8234, F-75252, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Niki Baccile
- Sorbonne Université, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, F-75005 Paris, France.
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9
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Wallace M, Holroyd J, Kuraite A, Hussain H. Does It Bind? A Method to Determine the Affinity of Calcium and Magnesium Ions for Polymers Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10976-10983. [PMID: 35877111 PMCID: PMC9366736 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The binding of calcium and magnesium ions (M2+) by polymers and other macromolecules in aqueous solution is ubiquitous across chemistry and biology. At present, it is difficult to assess the binding affinity of macromolecules for M2+ without recourse to potentiometric titrations and/or isothermal titration calorimetry. Both of these techniques require specialized equipment, and the measurements can be difficult to perform and interpret. Here, we present a new method based on 1H NMR chemical shift imaging (CSI) that enables the binding affinity of polymers to be assessed in a single experiment on standard high-field NMR equipment. In our method, M2+ acetate salt is weighed into a standard 5 mm NMR tube and a solution of polymer layered on top. Dissolution and diffusion of the salt carry the M2+ and acetate ions up through the solution. The concentrations of acetate, [Ac], and free (unbound) M2+, [M2+]f, are measured at different positions along the sample by CSI. Binding of M2+ to the polymer reduces [M2+]f and hinders the upward diffusion of M2+. A discrepancy is thus observed between [Ac] and [M2+]f from which the binding affinity of the polymer can be assessed. For systems which form insoluble complexes with M2+, such as sodium polyacrylate or carboxylate-functionalized nanocellulose (CNC), we can determine the concentration of M2+ at which the polymer will precipitate. We can also predict [M2+]f when a solution of polymer is mixed homogeneously with M2+ salt. We assess the binding properties of sodium polyacrylate, alginate, polystyrene sulfonate, CNC, polyethyleneimine, ethylenediamenetetraacetic acid, and maleate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wallace
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Joshua Holroyd
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Agne Kuraite
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
| | - Haider Hussain
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, U.K
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10
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Continuous rotary membrane emulsification for the production of sustainable Pickering emulsions. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2021.117328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Gabrielli V, Baretta R, Pilot R, Ferrarini A, Frasconi M. Insights into the Gelation Mechanism of Metal-Coordinated Hydrogels by Paramagnetic NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gabrielli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Baretta
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Pilot
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Consorzio INSTM, Via G. Giusti 9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Alberta Ferrarini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Frasconi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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12
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Strack K, Dini C, García M, Viña S. Effect of thermal and ultrasonic treatments on technological and physicochemical characteristics of fibrous residues from ahipa and cassava starch extraction. FUTURE FOODS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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13
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Nepravishta R, Monaco S, Distefano M, Rizzo R, Cescutti P, Angulo J. Multifrequency STD NMR Unveils the Interactions of Antibiotics With Burkholderia multivorans Biofilm Exopolysaccharide. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:727980. [PMID: 34604306 PMCID: PMC8481691 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.727980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms confine bacterial cells within self-produced matrices, offering advantages such as protection from antibiotics and entrapment of nutrients. Polysaccharides are major components in these macromolecular assemblies, and their interactions with other chemicals are of high relevance for the benefits provided by the biofilm 3D molecular matrix. NMR is a powerful technique for the study and characterization of the interactions between molecules of biological relevance. In this study, we have applied multifrequency saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR and DOSY NMR approaches to elucidate the interactions between the exopolysaccharide produced by Burkholderia multivorans C1576 (EpolC1576) and the antibiotics kanamycin and ceftadizime. The NMR strategies presented here allowed for an extensive characterization at an atomic level of the mechanisms behind the implication of the EpolC1576 in the recalcitrance phenomena, which is the ability of bacteria in biofilms to survive in the presence of antibiotics. Our results suggest an active role for EpolC1576 in the recalcitrance mechanisms toward kanamycin and ceftadizime, though through two different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Serena Monaco
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Distefano
- Department Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Rizzo
- Department Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Cescutti
- Department Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Jesus Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas (CSIC-US), Seville, Spain
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14
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Gabrielli V, Kuraite A, da Silva MA, Edler KJ, Angulo J, Nepravishta R, Muñoz-García JC, Khimyak YZ. Spin diffusion transfer difference (SDTD) NMR: An advanced method for the characterisation of water structuration within particle networks. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 594:217-227. [PMID: 33756365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The classical STD NMR protocol to monitor solvent interactions in gels is strongly dependent on gelator and solvent concentrations and does not report on the degree of structuration of the solvent at the particle/solvent interface. We hypothesised that, for suspensions of large gelator particles, solvent structuration could be characterised by STD NMR when taking into account the particle-to-solvent 1H-1H spin diffusion transfer using the 1D diffusion equation. EXPERIMENTS We have carried out a systematic study on effect of gelator and solvent concentrations, and gelator surface charge, affecting the behaviour of the classical STD NMR build-up curves. To do so, we have characterised solvent interactions in dispersions of starch and cellulose-like particles prepared in deuterated water and alcohol/D2O mixtures. FINDINGS The Spin Diffusion Transfer Difference (SDTD) NMR protocol is independent of the gelator and solvent concentrations, hence allowing the estimation of the degree of solvent structuration within different particle networks. In addition, the simulation of SDTD build-up curves using the general one-dimensional diffusion equation allows the determination of minimum distances (r) and spin diffusion rates (D) at the particle/solvent interface. This novel NMR protocol can be readily extended to characterise the solvent(s) organisation in any type of colloidal systems constituted by large particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gabrielli
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Agne Kuraite
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | | | - Karen J Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jesús Angulo
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Ridvan Nepravishta
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Juan C Muñoz-García
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - Yaroslav Z Khimyak
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK.
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15
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Bryant SJ, Calabrese V, da Silva MA, Zakir Hossain KM, Scott JL, Edler KJ. Rheological modification of partially oxidised cellulose nanofibril gels with inorganic clays. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252660. [PMID: 34234363 PMCID: PMC8263268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to quantify the influence of clays and partially oxidised cellulose nanofibrils (OCNF) on gelation as well as characterise their physical and chemical interactions. Mixtures of Laponite and montmorillonite clays with OCNF form shear-thinning gels that are more viscous across the entire shear range than OCNF on its own. Viscosity and other rheological properties can be fine-tuned using different types of clay at different concentrations (0.5-2 wt%). Laponite particles are an order of magnitude smaller than those of montmorillonite (radii of 150 Å compared to 2000 Å) and are therefore able to facilitate networking of the cellulose fibrils, resulting in stronger effects on rheological properties including greater viscosity. This work presents a mechanism for modifying rheological properties using renewable and environmentally-friendly nanocellulose and clays which could be used in a variety of industrial products including home and personal care formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffron J. Bryant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vincenzo Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo A. da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Janet L. Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J. Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, United Kingdom
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16
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Calabrese V, Varchanis S, Haward SJ, Tsamopoulos J, Shen AQ. Structure-property relationship of a soft colloidal glass in simple and mixed flows. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 601:454-466. [PMID: 34126412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Under specific conditions, rod-like cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) can assemble into structurally ordered soft glasses (SGs) with anisotropy that can be controlled by applying shear. However, to achieve full structural control of SGs in real industrial processes, their response to mixed shear and extensional kinematics needs to be determined. We hypothesise that by knowing the shear rheology of the CNC-based soft glass and adopting a suitable constitutive model, it is possible to predict the structure-property relationship of the SG under mixed flows. EXPERIMENTS We use an aqueous suspension with 2 wt% CNC at 25 mM NaCl to form a structurally ordered SG composed of a CNC network containing nematic domains. We combine rheometry and microfluidic experiments with numerical simulations to study the flow properties of the SG in shear, extension, and mixed flow conditions. Extensional flow is investigated in the Optimised Shape Cross-slot Extensional Rheometer (OSCER), where the SG is exposed to shear-free planar elongation. Mixed flow kinematics are investigated in a benchmark microfluidic cylinder device (MCD) where the SG flows past a confined cylinder in a microchannel. FINDINGS The SG in the MCD displays a velocity overshoot (negative wake) and a pronounced CNC alignment downstream of the cylinder. Simulations using the thixotropic elasto-visco-plastic (TEVP) model yield near quantitative agreement of the velocity profiles in simple and mixed flows and capture the structural fingerprint of the material. Our results provide a comprehensive link between the structural behaviour of a CNC-based SG and its mechanistic properties, laying foundations for the development of functional, built-to-order soft materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calabrese
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Stylianos Varchanis
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan; Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Rheology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece
| | - Simon J Haward
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - John Tsamopoulos
- Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and Rheology, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, Patras 26500, Greece
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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17
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Smith AJ, Alcock SG, Davidson LS, Emmins JH, Hiller Bardsley JC, Holloway P, Malfois M, Marshall AR, Pizzey CL, Rogers SE, Shebanova O, Snow T, Sutter JP, Williams EP, Terrill NJ. I22: SAXS/WAXS beamline at Diamond Light Source - an overview of 10 years operation. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:939-947. [PMID: 33950002 PMCID: PMC8127364 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521002113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Beamline I22 at Diamond Light Source is dedicated to the study of soft-matter systems from both biological and materials science. The beamline can operate in the range 3.7 keV to 22 keV for transmission SAXS and 14 keV to 20 keV for microfocus SAXS with beam sizes of 240 µm × 60 µm [full width half-maximum (FWHM) horizontal (H) × vertical (V)] at the sample for the main beamline, and approximately 10 µm × 10 µm for the dedicated microfocusing platform. There is a versatile sample platform for accommodating a range of facilities and user-developed sample environments. The high brilliance of the insertion device source on I22 allows structural investigation of materials under extreme environments (for example, fluid flow at high pressures and temperatures). I22 provides reliable access to millisecond data acquisition timescales, essential to understanding kinetic processes such as protein folding or structural evolution in polymers and colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. J. Smith
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - S. G. Alcock
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - L. S. Davidson
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - J. H. Emmins
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - J. C. Hiller Bardsley
- King’s College London, Guy’s Campus, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - P. Holloway
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - M. Malfois
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26, 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. R. Marshall
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - C. L. Pizzey
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - S. E. Rogers
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - O. Shebanova
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - T. Snow
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - J. P. Sutter
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - E. P. Williams
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - N. J. Terrill
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
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18
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Bryant SJ, da Silva MA, Hossain KMZ, Calabrese V, Scott JL, Edler KJ. Non-volatile conductive gels made from deep eutectic solvents and oxidised cellulose nanofibrils. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:2252-2260. [PMID: 36133751 PMCID: PMC9419570 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00976h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ionogels offer huge potential for a number of applications including wearable electronics and soft sensors. However, their synthesis has been limited and often relies on non-renewable or non-biocompatible components. Here we present a novel two-component ionogel made using just deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and cellulose. DESs offer a non-volatile alternative to hydrogels with highly tuneable properties including conductivity and solvation of compounds with widely varying hydrophobicity. DESs can be easily made from cheap, biodegradable and biocompatible components. This research presents the characterisation of a series of soft conductive gels made from deep eutectic solvents (DESs), specifically choline chloride-urea and choline chloride-glycerol, with the sole addition of TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibrils (OCNF). A more liquid-like rather than gel-like conductive material could be made by using the DES betaine-glycerol. OCNF are prepared from sustainable sources, and are non-toxic, and mild on the skin, forming gels without the need for surfactants or other gelling agents. These DES-OCNF gels are shear thinning with conductivities up to 1.7 mS cm-1 at ∼26 °C. Given the thousands of possible DESs, this system offers unmatched tunability and customisation for properties such as viscosity, conductivity, and yield behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saffron J Bryant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
- School of Science, College of Science, Engineering and Health, RMIT University Melbourne VIC 3001 Australia
| | - Marcelo A da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | | | - Vincenzo Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Janet L Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
| | - Karen J Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath Claverton Down Bath BA2 7AY UK
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19
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Hossain KMZ, Calabrese V, da Silva MA, Bryant SJ, Schmitt J, Ahn-Jarvis JH, Warren FJ, Khimyak YZ, Scott JL, Edler KJ. Monovalent Salt and pH-Induced Gelation of Oxidised Cellulose Nanofibrils and Starch Networks: Combining Rheology and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:951. [PMID: 33808830 PMCID: PMC8003611 DOI: 10.3390/polym13060951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Water quality parameters such as salt content and various pH environments can alter the stability of gels as well as their rheological properties. Here, we investigated the effect of various concentrations of NaCl and different pH environments on the rheological properties of TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibril (OCNF) and starch-based hydrogels. Addition of NaCl caused an increased stiffness of the OCNF:starch (1:1 wt%) blend gels, where salt played an important role in reducing the repulsive OCNF fibrillar interactions. The rheological properties of these hydrogels were unchanged at pH 5.0 to 9.0. However, at lower pH (4.0), the stiffness and viscosity of the OCNF and OCNF:starch gels appeared to increase due to proton-induced fibrillar interactions. In contrast, at higher pH (11.5), syneresis was observed due to the formation of denser and aggregated gel networks. Interactions as well as aggregation behaviour of these hydrogels were explored via ζ-potential measurements. Furthermore, the nanostructure of the OCNF gels was probed using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), where the SAXS patterns showed an increase of slope in the low-q region with increasing salt concentration arising from aggregation due to the screening of the surface charge of the fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi M. Zakir Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.M.Z.H.); (V.C.); (M.A.d.S.); (S.J.B.); (J.S.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.M.Z.H.); (V.C.); (M.A.d.S.); (S.J.B.); (J.S.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Marcelo A. da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.M.Z.H.); (V.C.); (M.A.d.S.); (S.J.B.); (J.S.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Saffron J. Bryant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.M.Z.H.); (V.C.); (M.A.d.S.); (S.J.B.); (J.S.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Julien Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.M.Z.H.); (V.C.); (M.A.d.S.); (S.J.B.); (J.S.); (J.L.S.)
| | - Jennifer H. Ahn-Jarvis
- Food Innovation and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (J.H.A.-J.); (F.J.W.)
| | - Frederick J. Warren
- Food Innovation and Health, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UQ, UK; (J.H.A.-J.); (F.J.W.)
| | | | - Janet L. Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.M.Z.H.); (V.C.); (M.A.d.S.); (S.J.B.); (J.S.); (J.L.S.)
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Karen J. Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK; (K.M.Z.H.); (V.C.); (M.A.d.S.); (S.J.B.); (J.S.); (J.L.S.)
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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20
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Mariano M, Souza SF, Borges AC, do Nascimento DM, Bernardes JS. Tailoring strength of nanocellulose foams by electrostatic complexation. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 256:117547. [PMID: 33483055 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular assembly of biobased components in water is a promising strategy to construct advanced materials. Herein, electrostatic complexation was used to prepare wet-resilient foams with improved mechanical property. Small-angle X-ray scattering and cryo-transmission electron microscopy experiments showed that suspensions with oppositely charged cellulose nanofibers are a mixture of clusters and networks of entangled fibers. The balance between these structures governs the colloidal stability and the rheological behavior of CNFs in water. Foams prepared from suspensions exhibited maximum compressive modulus at the mass composition of 1:1 (ca 0.12 MPa), suggesting that meaningful attractive interactions happen at this point and act as stiffening structure in the material. Besides the electrostatic attraction, hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic contacts may also occur within the clustering, improving the water stability of cationic foams. These results may provide a basis for the development of robust all- cellulose materials prepared in water, with nontoxic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Mariano
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), P.O. Box 6192, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Sivoney F Souza
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), P.O. Box 6192, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Antônio C Borges
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), P.O. Box 6192, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Diego M do Nascimento
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), P.O. Box 6192, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana S Bernardes
- Brazilian Nanotechnology National Laboratory (LNNano), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), P.O. Box 6192, Campinas, SP, 13083-970, Brazil; Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, SP, 09210-580, Brazil.
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21
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Auriemma G, Russo P, Del Gaudio P, García-González CA, Landín M, Aquino RP. Technologies and Formulation Design of Polysaccharide-Based Hydrogels for Drug Delivery. Molecules 2020; 25:E3156. [PMID: 32664256 PMCID: PMC7397281 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25143156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide-based hydrogel particles (PbHPs) are very promising carriers aiming to control and target the release of drugs with different physico-chemical properties. Such delivery systems can offer benefits through the proper encapsulation of many drugs (non-steroidal and steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antibiotics, etc) ensuring their proper release and targeting. This review discusses the different phases involved in the production of PbHPs in pharmaceutical technology, such as droplet formation (SOL phase), sol-gel transition of the droplets (GEL phase) and drying, as well as the different methods available for droplet production with a special focus on prilling technique. In addition, an overview of the various droplet gelation methods with particular emphasis on ionic cross-linking of several polysaccharides enabling the formation of particles with inner highly porous network or nanofibrillar structure is given. Moreover, a detailed survey of the different inner texture, in xerogels, cryogels or aerogels, each with specific arrangement and properties, which can be obtained with different drying methods, is presented. Various case studies are reported to highlight the most appropriate application of such systems in pharmaceutical field. We also describe the challenges to be faced for the breakthrough towards clinic studies and, finally, the market, focusing on the useful approach of safety-by-design (SbD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Auriemma
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I—84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (G.A.); (P.R.); (P.D.G.)
| | - Paola Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I—84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (G.A.); (P.R.); (P.D.G.)
| | - Pasquale Del Gaudio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I—84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (G.A.); (P.R.); (P.D.G.)
| | - Carlos A. García-González
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.A.G.-G.); (M.L.)
| | - Mariana Landín
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (C.A.G.-G.); (M.L.)
| | - Rita Patrizia Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, I—84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy; (G.A.); (P.R.); (P.D.G.)
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22
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Alves L, Ferraz E, Lourenço A, Ferreira P, Rasteiro M, Gamelas J. Tuning rheology and aggregation behaviour of TEMPO-oxidised cellulose nanofibrils aqueous suspensions by addition of different acids. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 237:116109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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da Silva MA, Calabrese V, Schmitt J, Hossain KMZ, Bryant SJ, Mahmoudi N, Scott JL, Edler KJ. Impact of wormlike micelles on nano and macroscopic structure of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril hydrogels. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:4887-4896. [PMID: 32424387 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00135j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we investigated the effect of adding surfactant mixtures on the rheological properties of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofibril (OCNF) saline dispersions. Three surfactant mixtures were studied: cocamidopropyl betaine (CAPB)/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), which forms wormlike micelles (WLMs); cocamidopropylamine oxide (CAPOx)/SDS, which forms long rods; and CAPB/sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (SLS), which forms spherical micelles. The presence of micelles in these surfactant mixtures, independent of their morphology, leads to an increase of tan δ, making the gels less solid-like, therefore acting as a plasticizer. WLMs were able to suppress strain stiffening normally observed in OCNF gels at large strains. OCNF/WLM gels have lower G' values than OCNF gels while the other micellar morphologies have a reduced impact on G'. The presence of unconnected micelles leads to increased dissipative deformation in OCNF gels without affecting the connectivity of the fibrils, while the presence of entangled micelles interferes with the OCNF network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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24
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Calabrese V, da Silva MA, Porcar L, Bryant SJ, Hossain KMZ, Scott JL, Edler KJ. Filler size effect in an attractive fibrillated network: a structural and rheological perspective. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3303-3310. [PMID: 32173723 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02175b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the filler size on the structural and mechanical properties of an attractive fibrillated network composed of oxidised cellulose nanofibrils (OCNF) in water was investigated. Silica nanoparticles with a diameter of ca. 5 nm (SiNp5) and and ca. 158 nm (SiNp158) were chosen as non-interacting fillers of the OCNF network. These filler sizes were chosen, respectively, to have a particle size which was either similar to that of the network mesh size or much larger than it. Contrast matched small angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments revealed that the presence of the fillers (SiNp5 and SiNp158) did not perturb the structural properties of the OCNF network at the nanometer scale. However, the filler size difference strongly affected the mechanical properties of the hydrogel upon large amplitude oscillatory shear. The presence of the smaller filler, SiNp5, preserved the mechanical properties of the hydrogels, while the larger filler, SiNp158, allowed a smoother breakage of the network and low network recoverability after breakage. This study showed that the filler-to-mesh size ratio, for non-interacting fillers, is pivotal for tailoring the non-linear mechanical properties of the gel, such as yielding and flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Marcelo A da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | - Lionel Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble cedex 9, France
| | - Saffron J Bryant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
| | | | - Janet L Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK. and Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Karen J Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Calabrese V, Califano D, da Silva MA, Schmitt J, Bryant SJ, Hossain KMZ, Percebom AM, Pérez Gramatges A, Scott JL, Edler KJ. Core-Shell Spheroidal Hydrogels Produced via Charge-Driven Interfacial Complexation. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2020; 2:1213-1221. [PMID: 32296779 PMCID: PMC7147256 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.9b01086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Through charge-driven interfacial complexation, we produced millimeter-sized spheroidal hydrogels (SH) with a core-shell structure allowing long-term stability in aqueous media. The SH were fabricated by extruding, dropwise, a cationic cellulose nanofibril (CCNF) dispersion into an oppositely charged poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) bath. The SH have a solid-like CCNF-PAA shell, acting as a semipermeable membrane, and a liquid-like CCNF suspension in the core. Swelling behavior of the SH was dependent on the osmotic pressure of the aging media. Swelling could be suppressed by increasing the ionic strength of the media as this enhanced interfibrillar interactions and thus strengthened the outer gel membrane. We further validated a potential application of SH as reusable matrixes for glucose oxidase (GOx) entrapment, where the SH work as microreactors from which substrate and product are freely able to migrate through the SH shell while avoiding enzyme leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Davide Califano
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Marcelo A da Silva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Julien Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Saffron J Bryant
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Kazi M Zakir Hossain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Ana M Percebom
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aurora Pérez Gramatges
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), 22451-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Janet L Scott
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Edler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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Calabrese V, da Silva MA, Schmitt J, Hossain KMZ, Scott JL, Edler KJ. Charge-driven interfacial gelation of cellulose nanofibrils across the water/oil interface. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:357-365. [PMID: 31720672 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01551e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial gels, obtained by the interaction of water-dispersible oxidised cellulose nanofibrils (OCNF) and oil-soluble oleylamine (OA), were produced across water/oil (W/O) interfaces. Surface rheology experiments showed that the complexation relies on the charge coupling between the negatively-charged OCNF and OA. Complexation across the W/O interface was found to be dependent on the ζ-potential of the OCNF (modulated by electrolyte addition), leading to different interfacial properties. Spontaneous OCNF adsorption at the W/O interface occurred for particles with ζ-potential more negative than -30 mV, resulting in the formation of interfacial gels; whilst for particles with ζ-potential of ca. -30 mV, spontaneous adsorption occurred, coupled with augmented interfibrillar interactions, yielding stronger and tougher interfacial gels. On the contrary, charge neutralisation of OCNF (ζ-potential values more positive than -30 mV) did not allow spontaneous adsorption of OCNF at the W/O interface. In the case of favourable OCNF adsorption, the interfacial gel was found to embed oil-rich droplets - a spontaneous emulsification process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calabrese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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27
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Muñoz-García JC, Corbin KR, Hussain H, Gabrielli V, Koev T, Iuga D, Round AN, Mikkelsen D, Gunning PA, Warren FJ, Khimyak YZ. High Molecular Weight Mixed-Linkage Glucan as a Mechanical and Hydration Modulator of Bacterial Cellulose: Characterization by Advanced NMR Spectroscopy. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:4180-4190. [PMID: 31518115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial cellulose (BC) consists of a complex three-dimensional organization of ultrafine fibers which provide unique material properties such as softness, biocompatibility, and water-retention ability, of key importance for biomedical applications. However, there is a poor understanding of the molecular features modulating the macroscopic properties of BC gels. We have examined chemically pure BC hydrogels and composites with arabinoxylan (BC-AX), xyloglucan (BC-XG), and high molecular weight mixed-linkage glucan (BC-MLG). Atomic force microscopy showed that MLG greatly reduced the mechanical stiffness of BC gels, while XG and AX did not exert a significant effect. A combination of advanced solid-state NMR methods allowed us to characterize the structure of BC ribbons at ultra-high resolution and to monitor local mobility and water interactions. This has enabled us to unravel the effect of AX, XG, and MLG on the short-range order, mobility, and hydration of BC fibers. Results show that BC-XG hydrogels present BC fibrils of increased surface area, which allows BC-XG gels to hold higher amounts of bound water. We report for the first time that the presence of high molecular weight MLG reduces the density of clusters of BC fibrils and dramatically increases water interactions with BC. Our data supports two key molecular features determining the reduced stiffness of BC-MLG hydrogels, that is, (i) the adsorption of MLG on the surface of BC fibrils precluding the formation of a dense network and (ii) the preorganization of bound water by MLG. Hence, we have produced and fully characterized BC-MLG hydrogels with novel properties which could be potentially employed as renewable materials for applications requiring high water retention capacity (e.g. personal hygiene products).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kendall R Corbin
- Food, Innovation and Health , Quadram Institute Bioscience , Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7UQ , U.K
| | - Haider Hussain
- School of Pharmacy , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , U.K
| | - Valeria Gabrielli
- School of Pharmacy , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , U.K
| | - Todor Koev
- School of Pharmacy , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , U.K.,Food, Innovation and Health , Quadram Institute Bioscience , Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7UQ , U.K
| | - Dinu Iuga
- Department of Physics , University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL , U.K
| | - Andrew N Round
- School of Pharmacy , University of East Anglia , Norwich NR4 7TJ , U.K
| | - Deirdre Mikkelsen
- QAAFI Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences , The University of Queensland , St. Lucia Campus , Brisbane , Queensland 4070 , Australia
| | - Patrick A Gunning
- Food, Innovation and Health , Quadram Institute Bioscience , Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7UQ , U.K
| | - Frederick J Warren
- Food, Innovation and Health , Quadram Institute Bioscience , Norwich Research Park , Norwich NR4 7UQ , U.K
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Wang X, Nie Y, Xu Y. Industrially produced pullulanases with thermostability: Discovery, engineering, and heterologous expression. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2019; 278:360-371. [PMID: 30709762 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Pullulanases (EC 3.2.1.41) are well-known starch-debranching enzymes widely used to hydrolyze α-1,6-glucosidic linkages in starch, pullulan, amylopectin, and other oligosaccharides, with application potentials in food, brewing, and pharmaceutical industries. Although extensive studies are done to discover and express pullulanases, only few are available with desirable characteristics for industrial applications. This raises the challenge to mine new enzyme sources, engineer proteins based on sequence/structure, and regulate expressions. We review here the identification of extremophilic and mesophilic microbes as sources of industrial pullulanases with desirable characteristics, including acid-resistance, thermostability, and psychrotrophism. We present current advances in site-directed mutagenesis and sequence/structure-guided protein engineering of pullulanases. In addition, we discuss heterologous expression of pullulanases in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbial systems, and address the effectiveness of the expression elements and their regulation of enzyme production. Finally, we indicate future research needs to develop desired industrial pullulanases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Wang
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yao Nie
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; The 2011 Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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