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Alchouron J, Bursztyn Fuentes AL, Guerreiro C, Hodara K, Gatti MN, Pittman CU, Mlsna TE, Chludil HD, Vega AS. The feedstock anatomical properties determine biochar adsorption capacities: A study using woody bamboos (Bambuseae) and methylene blue as a model molecule. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142656. [PMID: 38908449 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Feedstock characteristics impact biochar physicochemical properties, and reproducible biochar properties are essential for any potential application. However, in most articles, feedstock aspects (i.e., taxonomic name of the species, part of the plant, and phenological phase) are scarcely reported. This research aimed at studying the effect of species and phenological stage of the feedstock on the properties of the derived biochars and, thus, adsorption capacities in water treatment. In this study, we analysed the anatomical characteristics of three different woody bamboo species [Guadua chacoensis (GC), Phyllostachys aurea (PA), and Bambusa tuldoides (BT)] in culms harvested at two different phenological phases (young and mature), and statistically correlated them with the characteristics of the six derived biochars, including their adsorption performance in aqueous media. Sclerenchyma fibres and parenchyma cells diameter and cell-wall width significantly differed among species. Additionally, sclerenchyma fibres and parenchyma cell-wall width as well as sclerenchyma fibre cell diameters are dependent on the phenological phase of the culms. Consequently, differences in biochar characteristics (i.e., yield and average pore diameter) were also observed, leading to differential methylene blue (MB) adsorption capacities between individuals at different phenological phases. MB adsorption capacities were higher for biochar produced from young culms compared to those obtained from matures ones (i.e., GC: 628.66 vs. 507.79; BT: 537.45 vs. 477.53; PA: 477.52 vs. 462.82 mg/g), which had smaller cell wall widths leading to a lower percentage of biochar yield. The feedstock anatomical properties determined biochar characteristics which modulated adsorption capacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Alchouron
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente. Cátedra de Botánica General. Av. San Martín 4453 (C1417DSE), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Amalia L Bursztyn Fuentes
- Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego. Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales (ICPA-UNTDF). Yrigoyen 879, Ushuaia (9410), Tierra del Fuego, Argentina; Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC-CONICET). B. Houssay 200, Ushuaia (9410), Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
| | - Carolina Guerreiro
- Instituto de Botánica Darwinion (CONICET-ANCEFN), Labardén 200, CC 22 (B1642HYD), San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina Hodara
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos y Sistemas de información. Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín N Gatti
- Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ingeniería. 1 esq 47 (1900), La Plata, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias Aplicadas "Dr. Jorge J. Ronco" (CINDECA-CONICET), 47 n° 257 (1900), La Plata, Argentina
| | - Charles U Pittman
- Mississippi State University. Department of Chemistry, MS 39762-9573, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Todd E Mlsna
- Mississippi State University. Department of Chemistry, MS 39762-9573, Mississippi State, USA
| | - Hugo D Chludil
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Biología Aplicada y Alimentos. Cátedra de Química de Biomoléculas. Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea S Vega
- Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente. Cátedra de Botánica General. Av. San Martín 4453 (C1417DSE), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Pap S, Turk Sekulic M, Tran HN, Chao HP, Gilbert PJ, Gibb SW, Taggart MA. Comparison of two carbonaceous supported Fe-rich adsorbents for arsenate removal: A functionalisation and mechanistic study with applicability to groundwater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142205. [PMID: 38704050 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
The presence of arsenic in groundwater, and through this in drinking water, has been shown to present a serious risk to public health in many regions of the world. In this study, two iron-rich carbonous adsorbents were compared for the removal of arsenate (As(V)) from groundwater. Biochars (FeO-biochar and FeO-pyrochar) derived from biomass waste were functionalised in two different ways with iron chloride for comparation. Batch and dynamic parameters were optimised to achieve >99% As(V) removal efficiency. Experimental data were best described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model, while multi-stage diffusion appeared to limit mass transfer of As(V). Among the isotherm models evaluated, the Freundlich model best described the experimental results with high correlation coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.94) for both adsorbents. Monolayer adsorption capacities were found to be 4.34 mg/g and 8.66 mg/g for FeO-biochar and FeO-pyrochar, respectively. Batch studies followed by instrumental characterisation of the materials indicated the removal mechanisms involved to be electrostatic interactions (outer-sphere), OH- ligand exchange (inner-sphere complexation) and hydrogen bonding with functional groups. Higher pHpzc (9.1), SBET (167.2 m2/g), and iron/elemental content for the FeO-pyrochar (compared with the FeO-biochar) suggested that both surface chemistry and porosity/surface area were important in adsorption. Dynamic studies showed FeO-pyrochar can be used to remove As(V) from groundwater even at low 'environmental' concentrations relevant to legislative limits (<10 μg/L), whereby 7 g of FeO-pyrochar was able to treat 5.4 L groundwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabolc Pap
- Environmental Research Institute, UHI North, West and Hebrides, University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso, Scotland, KW14 7JD, UK; Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, Novi Sad, Serbia.
| | - Maja Turk Sekulic
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Occupational Safety and Health, Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Hai Nguyen Tran
- Center for Energy and Environmental Materials, Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh, 700000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Viet Nam
| | - Huan-Ping Chao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, 32023, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Peter J Gilbert
- Environmental Research Institute, UHI North, West and Hebrides, University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso, Scotland, KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Stuart W Gibb
- Environmental Research Institute, UHI North, West and Hebrides, University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso, Scotland, KW14 7JD, UK
| | - Mark A Taggart
- Environmental Research Institute, UHI North, West and Hebrides, University of the Highlands and Islands, Thurso, Scotland, KW14 7JD, UK
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Acharya A, Jeppu G, Girish CR, Prabhu B, Murty VR, Martis AS, Ramesh S. Adsorption of arsenic and fluoride: Modeling of single and competitive adsorption systems. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31967. [PMID: 38868002 PMCID: PMC11167366 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The elevated co-occurrence of arsenic and fluoride in surface and groundwater poses risks to human health in many parts of the world. Using single and competitive batch equilibrium adsorption studies, this research focuses on As(V) and F adsorption by activated carbon and its modeling. BET, XRD, FESEM, EDS, and FTIR analysis were used to discern the structural characteristics of activated carbon. The influence of dosage, pH, and contact time were also investigated in single and simultaneous adsorption systems. The maximum adsorption capacity of activated carbon for arsenic and fluoride were found to be 3.58 mg/g and 2.32 mg/g, respectively. Kinetics studies indicated that pseudo-second-order kinetic model fit better than pseudo-first-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The non-linear regression analysis of Langmuir, Freundlich, Toth, Redlich Petersons, and Modified Langmuir Freundlich models was used to determine single-component asorption model parameters. Additionally, the simultaneous adsorption was rigorously modeled and compared using the Extended Langmuir (EL), Extended Langmuir Freundlich (ELF), Modified Competitive Langmuir (MCL), and Jeppu Amrutha Manipal Multicomponent (JAMM) isotherm models, and competitive mechanisms were interpreted for the simultaneous adsorption system. Further, the model performances were evaluated by statistical error analysis using the normalized average percentage error (NAPE), root mean square errors (RMSE), and the correlation coefficient (R2). According to the modeling results, single equilibrium data fitted better with the Modified Langmuir Freundlich isotherm model, with a higher R2 of 0.99 and lower NAPE values of 3.8 % and 1.28 % for As(V) and F, than other models. For the binary adsorption, the Extended Langmuir Freundlich isotherm model demonstrated excellent fit with lowest errors. All the competitive isotherm models fit the As(V) and F simultaneous sorption systems reasonably well. Furthermore, the research unveiled a nuanced hierarchy of isotherm fitting, with ELF > EL > MCL > JAMM in varying arsenic at a constant fluoride concentration, and ELF > JAMM > EL > MCL in varying fluoride at a constant arsenic concentrations. In addition, competitive studies divulged crucial insights into selective adsorption, as As(V) exhibits a pronounced adsorption selectivity over F on activated carbon. In essence, As(V) showed a more pronounced antagonistic behavior over F, whereas F exhibited a much lesser competitive behavior in the adsorption of arsenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrutha Acharya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Gautham Jeppu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Chikmagalur Raju Girish
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Balakrishna Prabhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Vytla Ramachandra Murty
- Department of Biotechnology, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Alita Stephy Martis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Shrividya Ramesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
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Nidheesh PV, Kumar M, Venkateshwaran G, Ambika S, Bhaskar S, Vinay, Ghosh P. Conversion of locally available materials to biochar and activated carbon for drinking water treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141566. [PMID: 38428536 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
For environmental sustainability and to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), drinking water treatment must be done at a reasonable cost with minimal environmental impact. Therefore, treating contaminated drinking water requires materials and approaches that are inexpensive, produced locally, and effortlessly. Hence, locally available materials and their derivatives, such as biochar (BC) and activated carbon (AC) were investigated thoroughly. Several researchers and their findings show that the application of locally accessible materials and their derivatives are capable of the adsorptive removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from drinking water. The application of locally available materials such as lignocellulosic materials/waste and its thermo-chemically derived products, including BC and AC were found effective in the treatment of contaminated drinking water. Thus, this review aims to thoroughly examine the latest developments in the use of locally accessible feedstocks for tailoring BC and AC, as well as their features and applications in the treatment of drinking water. We attempted to explain facts related to the potential mechanisms of BC and AC, such as complexation, co-precipitation, electrostatic interaction, and ion exchange to treat water, thereby achieving a risk-free remediation approach to polluted water. Additionally, this research offers guidance on creating efficient household treatment units based on the health risks associated with customized adsorbents and cost-benefit analyses. Lastly, this review work discusses the current obstacles for using locally accessible materials and their thermo-chemically produced by-products to purify drinking water, as well as the necessity for technological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Nidheesh
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability Division, CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Manish Kumar
- Amity Institute of Environmental Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India
| | - G Venkateshwaran
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India
| | - S Ambika
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, India
| | - S Bhaskar
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, NIT Campus, P.O 673 601, Kozhikode, India
| | - Vinay
- Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (EnRAM) Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India; Industrial Pollution Control-IV Division, Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), Parivesh Bhawan, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi, 110032, India
| | - Pooja Ghosh
- Environmental Risk Assessment and Management (EnRAM) Lab, Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
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Li B, Chen Y, Ren G, Zhao R, Wu Z, Zhu F, Ma X. Efficient low-concentration phosphate removal from sub-healthy surface water by adsorbent prepared based on functional complementary strategy. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 902:166476. [PMID: 37625711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of low-concentration phosphorus polluted surface water (LP-SW) is one of most challenging environmental issues worldwide. Adsorption is more suitable for LP-SW remediation due to its low cost and operability. Based on the strategy of functional complementation among industrial solid wastes (ISWs), ISW-based phosphate absorbent material (PAM) was prepared from coal ash (CA, binder), rich‑calcium (Ca) carbide slag (CS, active component) and iron salt (functional reagent) by optimizing materials ratios and roasting conditions. PAM prepared under optimal conditions (Fe/CC-2opt) had good phosphate adsorption efficiency. Notably, Fe/CC-2opt not only ensured that the effluent met Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (pH = 6.0-9.0), but also facilitated the formation of brushite instead of hydroxyapatite due to FeSO4 addition. Compared with hydroxyapatite, brushite had greater potential application value as fertilizer due to its solubility and high P/Ca ratio. The possible mechanisms of phosphate adsorption by PAM included surface precipitation, surface complexation, electrostatic adsorption and release of Ca2+/OH-. Preparation cost of PAM was 80 US$/ton, and treatment cost was 0.07 US$/g P. Regeneration efficiency of PAM was still above 80 % after five cycles. The design idea and result of this study provide theoretical basis and technical support for the preparation of PAM with low cost, commercial production and great adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhang Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yanhao Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Gengbo Ren
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Ruining Zhao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zhineng Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Fujie Zhu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
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Mendizabal E, Ríos-Donato N, Jasso-Gastinel CF, Verduzco-Navarro IP. Removal of Arsenate by Fixed-Bed Columns Using Chitosan-Magnetite Hydrogel Beads and Chitosan Hydrogel Beads: Effect of the Operating Conditions on Column Efficiency. Gels 2023; 9:825. [PMID: 37888398 PMCID: PMC10606665 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fixed-bed columns packed with chitosan-magnetite (ChM) hydrogel and chitosan (Ch) hydrogel were used for the removal of arsenate ions from aqueous solutions at a pH of 7.0. The effect of flow rate (13, 20, and 25 mL/h), height of the columns (13 and 33 cm), and initial arsenate concentration (2, 5 and 10 mg/L) on the column's efficiency for the removal of As(V) is reported. The maximum adsorption capacity (qb), obtained before the allowed concentration of contaminant is exceeded, the adsorption capacity (qe) when the column is exhausted, and the mass transfer zone were determined. With this information, the efficiency of the column was calculated, which is given by the HL/HLUB ratio. The higher this ratio, the higher the efficiency of the column. The highest efficiency and the highest uptake capacity value at breakthrough point were obtained when using the lower flow rate, lower initial arsenate concentration, and longer bed length. When 33 cm-high columns were fed with a 10 mg As(V)/L solution at 13 mL/h, the maximum uptake capacity values at exhaustion obtained for Ch and ChM were 1.24 and 3.84 mg/g, respectively. A pH increase of the solution at the column's exit was observed and is attributed to the proton transfer from the aqueous solution to the amino and hydroxyl groups of chitosan. The incorporation of magnetite into Ch hydrogels significantly increases their capacity to remove As(V) due to the formation of complexes between arsenic and the magnetite surface. Experimental data were fitted to the Thomas model, the Yoon-Nelson model and the Bohart-Adams model using non-linear regression analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mendizabal
- Chemistry Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (E.M.); (N.R.-D.)
| | - Nely Ríos-Donato
- Chemistry Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (E.M.); (N.R.-D.)
| | - Carlos Federico Jasso-Gastinel
- Chemical Engineering Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico;
| | - Ilse Paulina Verduzco-Navarro
- Chemistry Department, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Blvd. Gral. Marcelino García Barragán 1421, Guadalajara 44430, Jalisco, Mexico; (E.M.); (N.R.-D.)
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Pietrzyk P, Borowska EI, Hejduk P, Camargo BC, Warczak M, Nguyen TP, Pregowska A, Gniadek M, Szczytko J, Wilczewski S, Osial M. Green composites based on volcanic red algae Cyanidiales, cellulose, and coffee waste biomass modified with magnetic nanoparticles for the removal of methylene blue. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:62689-62703. [PMID: 36944836 PMCID: PMC10167190 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, green nanocomposites based on biomass and superparamagnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and used as adsorbents to remove methylene blue (MB) from water with magnetic separation. The adsorbents were synthesized through the wet co-precipitation technique, in which iron-oxide nanoparticles coated the cores based on coffee, cellulose, and red volcanic algae waste. The procedure resulted in materials that could be easily separated from aqueous solutions with magnets. The morphology and chemical composition of the nanocomposites were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, and XPS methods. The adsorption studies of MB removal with UV-vis spectrometry showed that the adsorption performance of the prepared materials strongly depended on their morphology and the type of the organic adsorbent. The adsorption studies presented the highest effectiveness in neutral pH with only a slight effect on ionic strength. The MB removal undergoes pseudo-second kinetics for all adsorbents. The maximal adsorption capacity for the coffee@Fe3O4-2, cellulose@Fe3O4-1, and algae@Fe3O4-1 is 38.23 mg g-1, 41.61 mg g-1, and 48.41 mg g-1, respectively. The mechanism of MB adsorption follows the Langmuir model using coffee@Fe3O4 and cellulose@Fe3O4, while for algae@Fe3O4 the process fits to the Redlich-Peterson model. The removal efficiency analysis based on UV-vis adsorption spectra revealed that the adsorption effectiveness of the nanocomposites increased as follows: coffee@Fe3O4-2 > cellulose@Fe3O4-1 > algae@Fe3O4-1, demonstrating an MB removal efficiency of up to 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Pietrzyk
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Izabela Borowska
- The College of Inter-Faculty Individual Studies in Mathematics and Natural Sciences (MISMaP), University of Warsaw, Banacha 2C, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Patrycja Hejduk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bruno Cury Camargo
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Warczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Thu Phuong Nguyen
- Institute for Tropical Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, 10000, Vietnam
| | - Agnieszka Pregowska
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Jacek Szczytko
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wilczewski
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Osial
- Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5B, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Kalderis D, Seifi A, Kieu Trang T, Tsubota T, Anastopoulos I, Manariotis I, Pashalidis I, Khataee A. Bamboo-derived adsorbents for environmental remediation: A review of recent progress. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 224:115533. [PMID: 36828248 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The bamboo family of plants is one of the fastest-growing species in the world. As such, there is an abundance of bamboo residues available for exploitation, especially in southeast Asian, central African and south American regions. The preparation of efficient adsorbents from bamboo residues is an emerging exploitation pathway. Biochars, activated carbons or raw bamboo fibers embedded with nanoparticles, each class of materials has been shown to be highly efficient in adsorption processes. This review aims to summarize recent findings in the application of bamboo-based adsorbents in the removal of organic, inorganic, or gaseous pollutants. Therefore, this review first discusses the preparation methods and surface modification methodologies and their effects on the adsorbent elemental content and other basic properties. The following sections assess the recent progress in the adsorption of heavy metals, organics, and gaseous substances by bamboo-based adsorbents, focusing on the optimum adsorption capacities, adsorption mechanisms and the optimum-fitting kinetic models and isotherms. Finally, research gaps were identified and directions for future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Kalderis
- Laboratory of Environmental Technologies and Applications, Department of Electronic Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania 73100, Greece
| | - Azam Seifi
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey
| | - Trinh Kieu Trang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata-ku, 804-8550 Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tsubota
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1-1 Sensuicho, Tobata-ku, 804-8550 Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Ioannis Anastopoulos
- Department of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, UoI Kostakii Campus, 47040 Arta, Greece
| | - Ioannis Manariotis
- Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Laboratory, University of Patras, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471 Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400 Gebze, Turkey; Saveetha School of Engineering , Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, 602105 Chennai, India.
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9
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Yan N, Hu B, Zheng Z, Lu H, Chen J, Zhang X, Jiang X, Wu Y, Dolfing J, Xu L. Twice-milled magnetic biochar: A recyclable material for efficient removal of methylene blue from wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 372:128663. [PMID: 36693504 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Although magnetic modification has potential for preparing recyclable biochar, the traditional preparation methods of loading magnetic materials on biochar will probably lead to pore blockage and consequently remarkable adsorption recession. Herein, a preparation method was developed in which ball milled biochar was loaded with ultrafine magnetite and then milled for a second time, thus generating a magnetic, recyclable biochar with minimal pore blockage. The deposits of magnetite did not significantly wrap the biochar, although a decreased sorption performance was still detectable. Benefitting from the extra milling step, surface functional groups and specific surface areas of the adsorbents were largely restored, thus leading to a 93.8 % recovery adsorption of 84.6 ± 2.5 mg/L on methylene blue. Meanwhile, the recyclability of the material was not affected. The adsorption was driven by multiple interactions. These twice-milled magnetic biochar is quite outstanding for sustainable removal of aqueous contaminants with its recyclability and high sorption efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Yan
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomass Composites and Addictive Manufacturing, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Biao Hu
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomass Composites and Addictive Manufacturing, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Zhiyu Zheng
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomass Composites and Addictive Manufacturing, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Haiying Lu
- Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, PR China; National Positioning Observation Station of Hung-tse Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Jiangsu Province, Hongze 223100, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jingwen Chen
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomass Composites and Addictive Manufacturing, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomass Composites and Addictive Manufacturing, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xizhi Jiang
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomass Composites and Addictive Manufacturing, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jan Dolfing
- Faculty Energy and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 8QH, UK
| | - Lei Xu
- Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biomass Composites and Addictive Manufacturing, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210014, Jiangsu, PR China.
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10
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Srivastava V, Karim AV, Babu DS, Nidheesh PV, Kumar MS, Gao B. Metal‐Loaded Biochar for the Removal of Arsenic from Water: A Critical Review on Overall Effectiveness, Governing Mechanisms, and Influential Factors. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vartika Srivastava
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur Maharashtra 440020 India
| | - Ansaf V. Karim
- Environmental Science and Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Bombay 400076 India
| | - Davuluri Syam Babu
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur Maharashtra 440020 India
| | | | - Manukonda Suresh Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute Nagpur Maharashtra 440020 India
| | - Bin Gao
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering University of Florida Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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11
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Li G, Qi X, Yang N, Duan X, Zhang A. Novel iron-supported ZSM-5 molecular sieve remove arsenic from wastewater by heterogeneous nucleation with pH limit breaking. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134676. [PMID: 35452645 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Molecular sieves have also been used for arsenic adsorption in recent years because of their special structure. In order to solve the problem of arsenic pollution in drinking water and/or industrial wastewater, ZSM-5/Fe adsorbent was prepared by loading iron on ZSM-5 molecular sieve. It is also used as an excellent adsorbent for removing arsenic and other heavy metal ions from industrial wastewater. At room temperature, the concentration of arsenic was reduced from 100 mg/L to 0.006 mg/L after the solution pH was adjusted to the range of weak acid to weak base (4-10) and 0.5 g of ZSM-5/Fe adsorbent was added for reacting 2 h. The adsorption capacity reached 40.00 mg/g, the adsorption efficiency reached 99.99%, reaching the national standard of drinking water. Adsorption thermodynamics, kinetics and isotherms showed that the adsorption mechanism of arsenic is heterogeneous nucleation adsorption (including electrostatic attraction and chemical precipitation). Moreover, ZSM-5/Fe adsorbent can adjust pH spontaneously by using non-skeleton Si-Al phase to achieve effective adsorption from weak acid to weak base. At the same time, ZSM-5/Fe adsorbent showed good reusability and stability in five cycles. This study provides an important idea for the application of ZSM-5 molecular sieve in many fields and the efficient removal of arsenic from drinking water and industrial wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Xianjin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China.
| | - Nina Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Xiaoxu Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Aimin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
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12
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Lou XY, Boada R, Simonelli L, Valiente M. Enhanced arsenite removal by superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles in-situ synthesized on a commercial cube-shape sponge: adsorption-oxidation mechanism. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 614:460-467. [PMID: 35108637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.01.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The easy aggregation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) greatly reduces their adsorption performance for removing arsenic (As) from polluted water. We propose to exploit the porosity and good diffusion properties of a cube-shaped cellulose sponge for loading SPION to reduce the aggregation and to develop a composite adsorbent in the cm-scale that could be used for industrial applications. EXPERIMENTS SPION were in-situ synthesized by co-precipitation using a commercial cube-shaped sponge (MetalZorb®) as support. The morphology, iron-oxide phase, adsorption performance and thermodynamic parameters of the composite adsorbent were determined to better understand the adsorption process. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was used to investigate the chemical state of the adsorbed As(III). FINDINGS The adsorption of the supported SPION outperforms the unsupported SPION (ca. 14 times higher adsorption capacity). The modelling of the adsorption isotherms and the kinetic curves indicated that chemisorption is controlling the adsorption process. The thermodynamic analysis shows that the adsorption retains the spontaneous and endothermic character of the unsupported SPION. The XAS results revealed an adsorption-oxidation mechanism in which the adsorbed As(III) was partially oxidized to less toxic As(V) by the hydroxyl free radical (•OH) generated from Fe(III) species and by the hydroxyl groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Lou
- GTS-UAB Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roberto Boada
- GTS-UAB Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain.
| | - Laura Simonelli
- ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la llum 2-26, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Valiente
- GTS-UAB Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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13
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Kalimuthu P, Kim Y, Subbaiah MP, Kim D, Jeon BH, Jung J. Comparative evaluation of Fe-, Zr-, and La-based metal-organic frameworks derived from recycled PET plastic bottles for arsenate removal. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133672. [PMID: 35063562 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived from recycled polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) bottles were investigated in both batch and column studies for the removal of arsenate. As-synthesized Fe-MOF, Zr-MOF, and La-MOF were systematically analyzed by SEM, PXRD, FTIR, BET, and XPS techniques. The obtained MOFs showed high crystallinity with the specific surface areas of 128.3, 290.4, and 61.8 m2/g for Fe-MOF, Zr-MOF, and La-MOF, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic model simulated arsenate adsorption on MOF materials well, which can be explained by electrostatic interactions, surface complexation, and ligand exchange mechanisms. The maximum adsorption capacities of arsenate onto Fe-MOF, Zr-MOF, and La-MOF were found to be 70.02, 85.72, and 114.28 mg/g at pH 7, respectively. The effect of pH and co-existing anions on the arsenate adsorption on MOF materials was also evaluated for practical applications. The MOF materials showed reduced adsorption capacity for arsenate by less than 10% up to four cycles of regeneration and did not induce any significant (p > 0.05) acute toxicity (<2.5% mortality) in Daphnia magna. In a flow-through system, Fe-MOF, Zr-MOF, and La-MOF were used to treat 176, 255, and 398 mL bed volumes of arsenate contaminated water, respectively, and consistently reduced the concentration of arsenate ions from 500 to 10 μg/L. This study clearly demonstrated that MOF materials derived from waste PET bottles are economically promising adsorbents for the successful elimination of arsenate species from aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandi Kalimuthu
- BK21 FOUR R&E Center for Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Youjin Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Muthu Prabhu Subbaiah
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Daewhan Kim
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea
| | - Byong-Hun Jeon
- Department of Earth Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Jinho Jung
- Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, South Korea.
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Rathour R, Kumar H, Prasad K, Anerao P, Kumar M, Kapley A, Pandey A, Kumar Awasthi M, Singh L. Multifunctional applications of bamboo crop beyond environmental management: an Indian prospective. Bioengineered 2022; 13:8893-8914. [PMID: 35333141 PMCID: PMC9161982 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2056689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing population, industrialization, and economic growth cause several adverse impacts on the existing environment and living being. Therefore, rising pollutants load and their mitigation strategies, as well as achieving energy requirements while reducing reliance on fossil fuels are the key areas, which needs significant consideration for sustainable environment. Since India has considerable biomass resources, bioenergy is a significant part of the country’s energy policy. However, the selection of feedstock is a crucial step in bioenergy production that could produce raw material without compromising food reserve along with the sustainable environment. Higher growth capacity of bamboo species makes them a suitable lignocellulosic substrate for the production of high-value greener products such as fuels, chemicals, and biomaterials as well as an appropriate candidate for eco-restoration of degraded land. In that context, the current review discusses the multidimensional applications of bamboo species in India. The bioenergy potency of bamboo and probability of aligning its production, cultivation, and operation with economic and social development agendas are also addressed, making it an exceptional crop in India. Additionally, its fast growth, perennial root systems, and capability to restore degraded land make it an essential part of ecological restoration. Furthermore, this review explores additional benefits of bamboo plantation on the environment, economy, and society along with future research prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Rathour
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Hemant Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Komal Prasad
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Prathmesh Anerao
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Atya Kapley
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Centre for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, India.,Sustainability Cluster, School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India.,Centre for Energy and Environmental Sustainability, Lucknow, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Lal Singh
- CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, India
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Ramos-Guivar JA, Flores-Cano DA, Caetano Passamani E. Differentiating Nanomaghemite and Nanomagnetite and Discussing Their Importance in Arsenic and Lead Removal from Contaminated Effluents: A Critical Review. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2310. [PMID: 34578626 PMCID: PMC8471304 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic and lead heavy metals are polluting agents still present in water bodies, including surface (lake, river) and underground waters; consequently, the development of new adsorbents is necessary to uptake these metals with high efficiency, quick and clean removal procedures. Magnetic nanoparticles, prepared with iron-oxides, are excellent candidates to achieve this goal due to their ecofriendly features, high catalytic response, specific surface area, and pulling magnetic response that favors an easy removal. In particular, nanomagnetite and maghemite are often found as the core and primary materials regarding magnetic nanoadsorbents. However, these phases show interesting distinct physical properties (especially in their surface magnetic properties) but are not often studied regarding correlations between the surface properties and adsorption applications, for instance. Thus, in this review, we summarize the main characteristics of the co-precipitation and thermal decomposition methods used to prepare the nano-iron-oxides, being the co-precipitation method most promising for scaling up processes. We specifically highlight the main differences between both nano-oxide species based on conventional techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, zero and in-field Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism, the latter two techniques performed with synchrotron light. Therefore, we classify the most recent magnetic nanoadsorbents found in the literature for arsenic and lead removal, discussing in detail their advantages and limitations based on various physicochemical parameters, such as temperature, competitive and coexisting ion effects, i.e., considering the simultaneous adsorption removal (heavy metal-heavy metal competition and heavy metal-organic removal), initial concentration, magnetic adsorbent dose, adsorption mechanism based on pH and zeta potential, and real water adsorption experiments. We also discuss the regeneration/recycling properties, after-adsorption physicochemical properties, and the cost evaluation of these magnetic nanoadsorbents, which are important issues, but less discussed in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan A. Ramos-Guivar
- Grupo de Investigación de Nanotecnología Aplicada para Biorremediación Ambiental, Energía, Biomedicina y Agricultura (NANOTECH), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 15081, Perú;
| | - Diego A. Flores-Cano
- Grupo de Investigación de Nanotecnología Aplicada para Biorremediación Ambiental, Energía, Biomedicina y Agricultura (NANOTECH), Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Av. Venezuela Cdra 34 S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, Lima 15081, Perú;
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