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Jin X, Zheng M. Orange carbon dots based smart sensing platforms for rapid, visual, quantitative identification of sodium copper chlorophyllin. Talanta 2024; 275:126090. [PMID: 38642544 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
A highly affordable, sensitive and portable detection platform for the quantitative identification of sodium copper chlorophyllin (SCC) in food and environment is a crucial need. Even though many carbon dots (CDs) based sensors have been developed, few reports on using CDs as optical probes for SCC detection have been published so far. In this paper, orange luminescent CDs (OLCDs) were prepared via solvothermal method, which have high fluorescence quantum yield (27.20 %) and excellent photostability. OLCDs can detect SCC via inner filter effect (IFE), with fast response, high selectivity, outstanding sensitivity and superior anti-interference ability. Benefiting from the remarkable properties of OLCDs, a portable sensing platform was triumphantly constructed, which facilitated the in situ, real-time quantitative determination of SCC in diverse actual samples, by catching the fluorescence change of OLCDs-based paper sensors via smartphone RGB colorimetric analysis. This first CDs-based smart sensing system displays great potential for quantification of SCC in various fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Jin
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, PR China
| | - Min Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Advanced Institute of Materials Science, Changchun University of Technology, 2055 Yanan Street, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, PR China.
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2
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Mosalam EM, Elberri AI, Abdallah MS, Abdel-Bar HM, Zidan AAA, Batakoushy HA, Abo Mansour HE. Mechanistic Insights of Neuroprotective Efficacy of Verapamil-Loaded Carbon Quantum Dots against LPS-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7790. [PMID: 39063042 PMCID: PMC11277230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that badly impacts patients and their caregivers. AD is characterized by deposition of amyloid beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau protein (pTau) in the brain with underlying neuroinflammation. We aimed to develop a neuroprotective paradigm by loading verapamil (VRH) into hyaluronic acid-modified carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and comparing its effectiveness with the free form in an AD-like model in rats induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The experimental rats were divided into seven groups: control, LPS, CQDs, early free VRH (FVRH), late FVRH, early verapamil carbon quantum dots (VCQDs), and late VCQDs. Characterizations of VCQDs, the behavioral performance of the rats, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes, some AD hallmarks, oxidative stress biomarkers, neuro-affecting genes, and DNA fragmentation were determined. VRH was successfully loaded into CQDs, which was confirmed by the measured parameters. VRH showed enhancement in cognitive functions, disruption to the architecture of the brain, decreased Aβ and pTau, increased antioxidant capacity, modifiable expression of genes, and a decline in DNA fragmentation. The loaded therapy was superior to the free drug. Moreover, the early intervention was better than the late, confirming the implication of the detected molecular targets in the development of AD. VRH showed multifaceted mechanisms in combating LPS-induced neurotoxicity through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, thereby mitigating the hallmarks of AD. Additionally, the synthesized nanosystem approach exhibited superior neuroprotection owing to the advantages offered by CQDs. However, finding new actionable biomarkers and molecular targets is of decisive importance to improve the outcomes for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esraa M. Mosalam
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt;
| | - Aya Ibrahim Elberri
- Genetic Engineering and Molecular Biology Division, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt;
| | - Mahmoud S. Abdallah
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City 32897, Monufia, Egypt
- Department of Pharm D, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jadara University, Irbid 21110, Jordan
| | - Hend Mohamed Abdel-Bar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City (USC), Sadat City 32897, Monufia, Egypt;
| | - Abdel-Aziz A. Zidan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhur University, Damanhur 22511, Beheira, Egypt;
| | - Hany A. Batakoushy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt;
| | - Hend E. Abo Mansour
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom 32511, Menoufia, Egypt;
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Akbari A, Nemati M, Lighvan ZM, Khanamiri FN, Rezaie J, Rasmi Y. Synthesis of metformin-derived fluorescent quantum dots: uptake, cytotoxicity, and inhibition in human breast cancer cells through autophagy pathway. J Biol Eng 2024; 18:38. [PMID: 38915025 PMCID: PMC11197241 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-024-00433-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer remains a challenge for physicians. Metformin, an antidiabetic drug, show promising anticancer properties against cancers. An emerging quantum dot (QD) material improves therapeutic agents' anticancer and imaging properties. QD are nano-sized particles with extreme application in nanotechnology captured by cells and accumulated inside cells, suggesting bioimaging and effective anticancer outcomes. In this study, a simple one-pot hydrothermal method was used to synthesize fluorescent metformin-derived carbon dots (M-CDs) and then investigated the cytotoxic effects and imaging features on two human breast cancer cell lines including, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. RESULTS Results showed that M-CDs profoundly decreased the viability of both cancer cells. IC50 values showed that M-CDs were more cytotoxic than metformin either 24-48 h post-treatment. Cancer cells uptake M-CDs successfully, which causes morphological changes in cells and increased levels of intracellular ROS. The number of Oil Red O-positive cells and the expression of caspase-3 protein were increased in M-CDs treated cells. Authophagic factors including, AMPK, mTOR, and P62 were down-regulated, while p-AMPK, Becline-1, LC3 I, and LC3 II were up-regulated in M-CDs treated cells. Finally, M-CDs caused a decrease in the wound healing rate of cells. CONCLUSIONS For the first, M-CDs were synthesized by simple one-pot hydrothermal treatment without further purification. M-CDs inhibited both breast cancer cells through modulating autophagy signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbari
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Research Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BoX: 1138, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd, Urmia, 57147, Iran
| | - Mohadeseh Nemati
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Zohreh Mehri Lighvan
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Nazari Khanamiri
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Research Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BoX: 1138, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd, Urmia, 57147, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Research Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, P.O. BoX: 1138, Shafa St, Ershad Blvd, Urmia, 57147, Iran.
| | - Yousef Rasmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Kirbas Cilingir E, Besbinar O, Giro L, Bartoli M, Hueso JL, Mintz KJ, Aydogan Y, Garber JM, Turktas M, Ekim O, Ceylan A, Unal MA, Ensoy M, Arı F, Ozgenç Çinar O, Ozturk BI, Gokce C, Cansaran-Duman D, Braun M, Wachtveitl J, Santamaria J, Delogu LG, Tagliaferro A, Yilmazer A, Leblanc RM. Small Warriors of Nature: Novel Red Emissive Chlorophyllin Carbon Dots Harnessing Fenton-Fueled Ferroptosis for In Vitro and In Vivo Cancer Treatment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2309283. [PMID: 38230862 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The appeal of carbon dots (CDs) has grown recently, due to their established biocompatibility, adjustable photoluminescence properties, and excellent water solubility. For the first time in the literature, copper chlorophyllin-based carbon dots (Chl-D CDs) are successfully synthesized. Chl-D CDs exhibit unique spectroscopic traits and are found to induce a Fenton-like reaction, augmenting photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacies via ferroptotic and apoptotic pathways. To bolster the therapeutic impact of Chl-D CDs, a widely used cancer drug, temozolomide, is linked to their surface, yielding a synergistic effect with PDT and chemotherapy. Chl-D CDs' biocompatibility in immune cells and in vivo models showed great clinical potential.Proteomic analysis was conducted to understand Chl-D CDs' underlying cancer treatment mechanism. The study underscores the role of reactive oxygen species formation and pointed toward various oxidative stress modulators like aldolase A (ALDOA), aldolase C (ALDOC), aldehyde dehydrogenase 1B1 (ALDH1B1), transaldolase 1 (TALDO1), and transketolase (TKT), offering a deeper understanding of the Chl-D CDs' anticancer activity. Notably, the Chl-D CDs' capacity to trigger a Fenton-like reaction leads to enhanced PDT efficiencies through ferroptotic and apoptotic pathways. Hence, it is firmly believed that the inherent attributes of Chl-CDs can lead to a secure and efficient combined cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Kirbas Cilingir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Omur Besbinar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, 06520, Turkey
- The Graduate School of Health Sciences of Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
- Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - Linda Giro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35129, Italy
| | - Mattia Bartoli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Jose L Hueso
- Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Avenida San Juan Bosco, 13, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Keenan J Mintz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Yagmur Aydogan
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jordan M Garber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Mine Turktas
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
| | - Okan Ekim
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Ceylan
- Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
| | | | - Mine Ensoy
- Biotechnology Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, 06135, Turkey
| | - Fikret Arı
- Department of Electrical Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
| | - Ozge Ozgenç Çinar
- Department of Histology Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, 06110, Turkey
| | - Berfin Ilayda Ozturk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
| | - Cemile Gokce
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
| | | | - Markus Braun
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Josef Wachtveitl
- Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jesus Santamaria
- Institute of Nanoscience and Materials of Aragon (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Campus Río Ebro, Edificio I+D, C/Poeta Mariano Esquillor, s/n, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Networking Research Center in Biomaterials, Bioengineering and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, 28029, Spain
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Zaragoza, Campus Rio Ebro, C/María de Luna, 3, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Aragón, Avenida San Juan Bosco, 13, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Lucia Gemma Delogu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, 35129, Italy
- Department of Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, 127788, UAE
| | - Alberto Tagliaferro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Torino, 10129, Italy
| | - Açelya Yilmazer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, Turkey
- Stem Cell Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, 06520, Turkey
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
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Fan R, Cai L, Liu H, Chen H, Chen C, Guo G, Xu J. Enhancing metformin-induced tumor metabolism destruction by glucose oxidase for triple-combination therapy. J Pharm Anal 2024; 14:321-334. [PMID: 38618243 PMCID: PMC11010454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite decades of laboratory and clinical trials, breast cancer remains the main cause of cancer-related disease burden in women. Considering the metabolism destruction effect of metformin (Met) and cancer cell starvation induced by glucose oxidase (GOx), after their efficient delivery to tumor sites, GOx and Met may consume a large amount of glucose and produce sufficient hydrogen peroxide in situ. Herein, a pH-responsive epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG)-conjugated low-molecular-weight chitosan (LC-EGCG, LE) nanoparticle (Met-GOx/Fe@LE NPs) was constructed. The coordination between iron ions (Fe3+) and EGCG in this nanoplatform can enhance the efficacy of chemodynamic therapy via the Fenton reaction. Met-GOx/Fe@LE NPs allow GOx to retain its enzymatic activity while simultaneously improving its stability. Moreover, this pH-responsive nanoplatform presents controllable drug release behavior. An in vivo biodistribution study showed that the intracranial accumulation of GOx delivered by this nanoplatform was 3.6-fold higher than that of the free drug. The in vivo anticancer results indicated that this metabolism destruction/starvation/chemodynamic triple-combination therapy could induce increased apoptosis/death of tumor cells and reduce their proliferation. This triple-combination therapy approach is promising for efficient and targeted cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangrang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Linrui Cai
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Technical Research on Drug Products in Vitro and in Vivo Correlation, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, National Drug Clinical-Trial Institution, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Hongxu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Caili Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453000, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Du X, Zhang M, Ma Y, Zhang Y, Li W, Hu T, Liu Y, Huang H, Kang Z. Carbon dots derived from metformin by electrochemical synthesis with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:2346-2353. [PMID: 38344921 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02442c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Due to the advantages of good aqueous dispersion and biocompatibility, carbon dots (CDs) are promising candidates for a wide range of applications in the biological field. Notably, CDs derived from biosafe organic precursors will contribute both new types of CDs and new bioactivities. Herein, metformin (MET), a first-line drug for the treatment of type II diabetes, was selected as an organic precursor to fabricate a new type of CDs, namely, semi-carbonized MET (MCDs). These MCDs derived from MET possess a completely new antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) compared with that of MET and achieve complete antibacterial activity at 200 μg mL-1. The broad-spectrum antibacterial mechanism of MCDs involves two aspects. For the Gram-positive bacteria SA, MCDs mainly affect the transport of nutrients by adsorbing onto the surface of bacteria, thereby inhibiting bacterial growth. For the Gram-negative bacteria E. coli, MCDs can easily pass through their thin cell walls and stimulate the bacteria to produce excess ROS, eventually leading to the death of the bacteria. This work may open a new way for the future design and development of CDs prepared from biosafe organic precursors with specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Mengling Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao, China
| | - Yurong Ma
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wenwen Li
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Tao Hu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui Huang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zhenhui Kang
- Institute of Functional Nano and Soft Materials Laboratory (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, China.
- Macao Institute of Materials Science and Engineering (MIMSE), MUST-SUDA Joint Research Center for Advanced Functional Materials, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa 999078, Macao, China
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Birajdar SV, Mazahir F, Yadav AK. Transferrin functionalized poloxamer-chitosan nanoparticles of metformin: physicochemical characterization, in-vitro, and Ex-vivo studies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:734-747. [PMID: 37982183 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2282990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT We report the preparation, characterization, and in-vitro therapeutic evaluation of Metformin-Loaded, Transferrin-Poloxamer-Functionalized Chitosan Nanoparticles (TPMC-NPs) for their repurposing in Alzheimer's disease (AD). SIGNIFICANCE Usefulness of this work to establish the repurposing of metformin for the treatment of AD. METHODS The TPMC-NPs were prepared by ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate. The modification and functionalization were confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The physicochemical characterization was performed using DLS, FTIR,1H-NMR, CD spectroscopy, SEM, DSC, PXRD, HR-TEM, and hot-stage microscopy. RESULTS The size, PDI, percent entrapment efficiency, and percent drug loading of TPMC-NPs were found to be 287.4 ± 9.5, 0.273 ± 0.067, 81.15 ± 7.17%, 11.75%±8.21%, respectively. Electron microscope analysis revealed smooth and spherical morphology. The transferrin conjugation efficiency was found to be 46% by the BCA method. CD spectroscopy confirmed no significant loss of the secondary structure of transferrin after conjugation. PXRD data indicated the amorphous nature of the TPMC-NPs. Hot-stage microscopy and DSC confirmed the thermal stability of TPMC-NPs. The in-vitro drug release showed a sustained release at pH 7.4. The DPPH assay displayed 80% antioxidant activity of TPMC-NPs in comparison with metformin and blank NPs. The in-vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed 69.60% viable SH- SY5Y cells at 100 µg/mL of TPMC NPs. The ex-vivo nasal ciliotoxicity and mucoadhesion studies showed no significant toxicity, and 98.16% adhesion, respectively. The nasal permeability study showed the release of metformin within 30 min from TPMC-NPs. CONCLUSION The obtained results suggested the usefulness of TPMC-NPs in the treatment of AD via the intranasal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnali Vasant Birajdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Awesh K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
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Cheng Y, Qu Z, Jiang Q, Xu T, Zheng H, Ye P, He M, Tong Y, Ma Y, Bao A. Functional Materials for Subcellular Targeting Strategies in Cancer Therapy: Progress and Prospects. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305095. [PMID: 37665594 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies have made significant progress in cancer treatment. However, tumor adjuvant therapy still faces challenges due to the intrinsic heterogeneity of cancer, genomic instability, and the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Functional materials possess unique biological properties such as long circulation times, tumor-specific targeting, and immunomodulation. The combination of functional materials with natural substances and nanotechnology has led to the development of smart biomaterials with multiple functions, high biocompatibilities, and negligible immunogenicities, which can be used for precise cancer treatment. Recently, subcellular structure-targeting functional materials have received particular attention in various biomedical applications including the diagnosis, sensing, and imaging of tumors and drug delivery. Subcellular organelle-targeting materials can precisely accumulate therapeutic agents in organelles, considerably reduce the threshold dosages of therapeutic agents, and minimize drug-related side effects. This review provides a systematic and comprehensive overview of the research progress in subcellular organelle-targeted cancer therapy based on functional nanomaterials. Moreover, it explains the challenges and prospects of subcellular organelle-targeting functional materials in precision oncology. The review will serve as an excellent cutting-edge guide for researchers in the field of subcellular organelle-targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiang Cheng
- Department of Gynecology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Zhen Qu
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Hongyun Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Mingdi He
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Yongqing Tong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Blood Transfusion Research, Wuhan Blood Center (WHBC), HUST-WHBC United Hematology Optical Imaging Center, No.8 Baofeng 1st Road, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, P. R. China
| | - Anyu Bao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, No.238 Jiefang Road, Wuchang, Wuhan, 430060, P. R. China
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Kaurav H, Verma D, Bansal A, Kapoor DN, Sheth S. Progress in drug delivery and diagnostic applications of carbon dots: a systematic review. Front Chem 2023; 11:1227843. [PMID: 37521012 PMCID: PMC10375716 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2023.1227843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), which have particle size of less than 10 nm, are carbon-based nanomaterials that are used in a wide range of applications in the area of novel drug delivery in cancer, ocular diseases, infectious diseases, and brain disorders. CDs are biocompatible, eco-friendly, easy to synthesize, and less toxic with excellent chemical inertness, which makes them very good nanocarrier system to deliver multi-functional drugs effectively. A huge number of researchers worldwide are working on CDs-based drug delivery systems to evaluate their versatility and efficacy in the field of pharmaceuticals. As a result, there is a tremendous increase in our understanding of the physicochemical properties, diagnostic and drug delivery aspects of CDs, which consequently has led us to design and develop CDs-based theranostic system for the treatment of multiple disorders. In this review, we aim to summarize the advances in application of CDs as nanocarrier including gene delivery, vaccine delivery and antiviral delivery, that has been carried out in the last 5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Kaurav
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Dhriti Verma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Amit Bansal
- Formulation Research and Development, Perrigo Company Plc, Allegan, MI, United States
| | - Deepak N. Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Sandeep Sheth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, Miami, FL, United States
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10
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Zhang W, Chen J, Gu J, Bartoli M, Domena JB, Zhou Y, C L B Ferreira B, Kirbas Cilingir E, McGee CM, Sampson R, Arduino C, Tagliaferro A, Leblanc RM. Nano-carrier for gene delivery and bioimaging based on pentaetheylenehexamine modified carbon dots. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 639:180-192. [PMID: 36805743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted much attention due to their excellent properties and applications, especially the use for gene delivery. Considering the risks and concerns involved in the use of viral vectors for gene delivery in vivo, non-viral vectors such as CDs have gradually become an ideal alternative due to their biocompatibility and low toxicity. Therefore, in this study, the potential to apply CDs as a non-viral vector for gene delivery was investigated. The CDs were prepared using citric acid and pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA) as precursors via a one-step microwave-mediated approach. The optical, structural, and morphological properties of PEHA-derived CDs (PCDs) were characterized by ultra-violet spectroscopy (UV-vis), photoluminescence (PL), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), zeta potential, circular dichroism spectrometry, atomic force (AFM) and transmission electron microscopies (TEM). The analysis demonstrated that the as-prepared PCDs were rich in amine groups and were positively charged. Subsequently, gel retardation assay showed that PCDs could non-covalently bind with DNA at a mass ratio of 2:1 (PCDs: DNA). Additionally, PCDs possessed a tremendously lower cytotoxicity compared with polyethylenimine (PEI), a popular precursor/dopant for many CDs preparations, and their plasmid composite showed a high transfection efficiency. Meanwhile, PCDs were also observed to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by using a zebrafish model. In conclusion, these results significantly indicate that PCDs are a potential non-viral nucleic acid/gene vector to gene therapy. Also, PCDs can be utilized in drug delivery for treating brain diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Jiuyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Mattia Bartoli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | - Justin B Domena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; C-Dots, LLC, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | | | - Caitlin M McGee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | | | - Chiara Arduino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA; C-Dots, LLC, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | | | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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11
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Vallejo FA, Sigdel G, Veliz EA, Leblanc RM, Vanni S, Graham RM. Carbon Dots in Treatment of Pediatric Brain Tumors: Past, Present, and Future Directions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119562. [PMID: 37298513 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric brain tumors remain a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Though developments have been made in treating these malignancies, the blood-brain barrier, intra- and inter-tumoral heterogeneity, and therapeutic toxicity pose challenges to improving outcomes. Varying types of nanoparticles, including metallic, organic, and micellar molecules of varying structures and compositions, have been investigated as a potential therapy to circumvent some of these inherent challenges. Carbon dots (CDs) have recently gained popularity as a novel nanoparticle with theranostic properties. This carbon-based modality is highly modifiable, allowing for conjugation to drugs, as well as tumor-specific ligands in an effort to more effectively target cancerous cells and reduce peripheral toxicity. CDs are being studied pre-clinically. The ClinicalTrials.gov site was queried using the search terms: brain tumor and nanoparticle, liposome, micelle, dendrimer, quantum dot, or carbon dot. At the time of this review, 36 studies were found, 6 of which included pediatric patients. Two of the six studies investigated nanoparticle drug formulations, whereas the other four studies were on varying liposomal nanoparticle formulations for the treatment of pediatric brain tumors. Here, we reviewed the context of CDs within the broader realm of nanoparticles, their development, promising pre-clinical potential, and proposed future translational utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederic A Vallejo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ganesh Sigdel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Eduardo A Veliz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Steven Vanni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- HCA Florida University Hospital, 3476 S University Dr., Davie, FL 33328, USA
- Department of Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Davie, FL 33328, USA
| | - Regina M Graham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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12
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Yang M, Su B, Ma Z, Zheng X, Liu Y, Li Y, Ren J, Lu L, Yang B, Yu X. Renal-friendly Li +-doped carbonized polymer dots activate Schwann cell autophagy for promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. Acta Biomater 2023; 159:353-366. [PMID: 36669552 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Activation of autophagy in Schwann cells (SCs) has emerged as a powerful trigger for peripheral nerve injury (PNI) repair. Lithium ion (Li+) is a classical autophagy activator that plays an important role in promoting axonal extension and remyelination. However, the therapeutic window of existing lithium drugs is extremely narrow, and the adverse side effects, especially nephrotoxicity, severely limit their therapeutic value. Herein, Li+-doped carbonized polymer dots (Li-CPDs) was synthesized for the first time to change the pharmacokinetics of Li+ from occupying epithelial sodium channels to lipid raft-mediated endocytosis. The in-vivo results confirmed that Li-CPDs could accelerate the removal of myelin debris and promote nerve regeneration via activating autophagy of SCs. Moreover, Li-CPDs exhibited almost no renal toxicity compared to that of raw lithium drugs. Thus, Li-CPDs could serve as a promising Li+-based nanomedicine for PNI regeneration with improved biosafety. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Regardless of the fact that lithium drugs have been used in treatment of mental illness such as manic depression, the systemic side effects and renal metabolic toxicity still seriously restrict their clinical application. Since Li+ and Na+ compete for ion channels of cell membrane, the cell entry efficiency is extremely low and easily affected by body fluctuations, which seems to be an unsolvable problem. Herein, we rationally exploited the endocytotic features of CPDs to develop Li-CPDs. The Li-CPDs improved the entry pathway, greatly reduced nephrotoxicity, and inherited the biological function of Li+ to activate autophagy for promoting peripheral nerve regeneration. Due to the BBB-crossing property of Li-CPDs, it also showed application prospects in future research on central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxi Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Bang Su
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, PR China
| | - Zhanchuan Ma
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130031, PR China
| | - Xiaotian Zheng
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, PR China
| | - Yangfan Li
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, PR China
| | - Jingyan Ren
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Laijin Lu
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, PR China.
| | - Bai Yang
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China.
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Hand and Podiatric Surgery, Orthopedics Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun 130031, PR China.
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13
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Farhana A. Enhancing Skin Cancer Immunotheranostics and Precision Medicine through Functionalized Nanomodulators and Nanosensors: Recent Development and Prospects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3493. [PMID: 36834917 PMCID: PMC9959821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin cancers, especially melanomas, present a formidable diagnostic and therapeutic challenge to the scientific community. Currently, the incidence of melanomas shows a high increase worldwide. Traditional therapeutics are limited to stalling or reversing malignant proliferation, increased metastasis, or rapid recurrence. Nonetheless, the advent of immunotherapy has led to a paradigm shift in treating skin cancers. Many state-of-art immunotherapeutic techniques, namely, active vaccination, chimeric antigen receptors, adoptive T-cell transfer, and immune checkpoint blockers, have achieved a considerable increase in survival rates. Despite its promising outcomes, current immunotherapy is still limited in its efficacy. Newer modalities are now being explored, and significant progress is made by integrating cancer immunotherapy with modular nanotechnology platforms to enhance its therapeutic efficacy and diagnostics. Research on targeting skin cancers with nanomaterial-based techniques has been much more recent than other cancers. Current investigations using nanomaterial-mediated targeting of nonmelanoma and melanoma cancers are directed at augmenting drug delivery and immunomodulation of skin cancers to induce a robust anticancer response and minimize toxic effects. Many novel nanomaterial formulations are being discovered, and clinical trials are underway to explore their efficacy in targeting skin cancers through functionalization or drug encapsulation. The focus of this review rivets on theranostic nanomaterials that can modulate immune mechanisms toward protective, therapeutic, or diagnostic approaches for skin cancers. The recent breakthroughs in nanomaterial-based immunotherapeutic modulation of skin cancer types and diagnostic potentials in personalized immunotherapies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Farhana
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Aljouf 72388, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Durrani S, Yang Z, Zhang J, Wang Z, Wang H, Durrani F, Wu FG, Lin F. Nucleus-targeting pH-Responsive carbon dots for fast nucleus pH detection. Talanta 2023; 252:123855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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15
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Highly efficient carbon dots for quantitatively visualizing pH fluctuations in cells, zebrafish, mice and tumors. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2023; 238:112620. [PMID: 36502598 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In vivo pH is closely related to complicated physiological and pathological processes. Quantitatively probing pH and visualizing pH variation via fluorescence (FL) imaging technique in living cells and organisms is crucial but difficult to accomplish. Herein, green fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized, and their distinct advantages of extraordinarily high fluorescence quantum yield (FQY, 71.4%), unique photostability, high selectivity, sterling biocompatibility, appropriate pKa for biosensing, enable CDs to serve as pH-activatable probes for real time quantitative detection of continuous pH fluctuation in living cells, zebrafish, mice and tumors. We believe CDs are presently among the best-of-breed pH probes for comprehensive biomedical applications.
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16
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Seven ES, Kirbas Cilingir E, Bartoli M, Zhou Y, Sampson R, Shi W, Peng Z, Ram Pandey R, Chusuei CC, Tagliaferro A, Vanni S, Graham RM, Seven YB, Leblanc RM. Hydrothermal vs microwave nanoarchitechtonics of carbon dots significantly affects the structure, physicochemical properties, and anti-cancer activity against a specific neuroblastoma cell line. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 630:306-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Zhou Y, Zhang W, Leblanc RM. Structure-Property-Activity Relationships in Carbon Dots. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:10777-10796. [PMID: 36395361 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c06856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) are one of the most versatile nanomaterials discovered in the 21st century. They possess many properties and thus hold potentials in diverse applications. While an increasing amount of attention has been given to these novel nanoparticles, the broad scientific community is actively engaged in exploring their limits. Recent studies on the fractionalization and assembly of CDs further push the limits beyond just CDs and demonstrate that CDs are both a mixture of heterogeneous fractions and promising building blocks for assembly of large carbon-based materials. With CDs moving forward toward both microscopic and macroscopic levels, a good understanding of the structure-property-activity relationships is essential to forecasting the future of CDs. Hence, in this Perspective, structure-property-activity relationships are highlighted based on the repeatedly verified findings in CDs. In addition, studies on CD fractionalization and assembly are briefly summarized in this Perspective. Eventually, these structure-property-activity relationships and controllability are essential for the development of CDs with desired properties for various applications especially in photochemistry, electrochemistry, nanomedicine, and surface chemistry. In summary, in our opinion, since 2004 until the present, history has witnessed a great development of CDs although there is still some room for more studies. Also, considering many attractive properties, structure-property-activity relationships, and the building block nature of CDs, a variety of carbon-based materials of interest can be constructed from CDs with control. They can help reduce blind trials in the development of carbon-based materials, which is of great significance in materials science, chemistry, and any fields related to the applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States.,C-Dots LLC, Miami, Florida 33136, United States.,Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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18
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Ramasubramanian B, Reddy VS, Chellappan V, Ramakrishna S. Emerging Materials, Wearables, and Diagnostic Advancements in Therapeutic Treatment of Brain Diseases. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1176. [PMID: 36551143 PMCID: PMC9775999 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Among the most critical health issues, brain illnesses, such as neurodegenerative conditions and tumors, lower quality of life and have a significant economic impact. Implantable technology and nano-drug carriers have enormous promise for cerebral brain activity sensing and regulated therapeutic application in the treatment and detection of brain illnesses. Flexible materials are chosen for implantable devices because they help reduce biomechanical mismatch between the implanted device and brain tissue. Additionally, implanted biodegradable devices might lessen any autoimmune negative effects. The onerous subsequent operation for removing the implanted device is further lessened with biodegradability. This review expands on current developments in diagnostic technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, mass spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, angiography, and electroencephalogram while providing an overview of prevalent brain diseases. As far as we are aware, there hasn't been a single review article that addresses all the prevalent brain illnesses. The reviewer also looks into the prospects for the future and offers suggestions for the direction of future developments in the treatment of brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brindha Ramasubramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Vundrala Sumedha Reddy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
| | - Vijila Chellappan
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), #08-03, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117574, Singapore
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19
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Zhou Y, Chen J, Kirbas Cilingir E, Zhang W, Gonzalez L, Perez S, Davila A, Brejcha N, Gu J, Shi W, Domena JB, Ferreira BCLB, Zhang F, Vallejo FA, Toledo D, Liyanage PY, Graham RM, Dallman J, Peng Z, Agatemor C, Catenazzi A, Leblanc RM. An insight into embryogenesis interruption by carbon nitride dots: can they be nucleobase analogs? NANOSCALE 2022; 14:17607-17624. [PMID: 36412202 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04778k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The carbon nitride dot (CND) is an emerging carbon-based nanomaterial. It possesses rich surface functional moieties and a carbon nitride core. Spectroscopic data have demonstrated the analogy between CNDs and cytosine/uracil. Recently, it was found that CNDs could interrupt the normal embryogenesis of zebrafish. Modifying CNDs with various nucleobases, especially cytosine, further decreased embryo viability and increased deformities. Physicochemical property characterization demonstrated that adenine- and cytosine-incorporated CNDs are similar but different from guanine-, thymine- and uracil-incorporated CNDs in many properties, morphology, and structure. To investigate the embryogenesis interruption at the cellular level, bare and different nucleobase-incorporated CNDs were applied to normal and cancerous cell lines. A dose-dependent decline was observed in the viability of normal and cancerous cells incubated with cytosine-incorporated CNDs, which matched results from the zebrafish embryogenesis experiment. In addition, nucleobase-incorporated CNDs were observed to enter cell nuclei, demonstrating a possibility of CND-DNA interactions. CNDs modified by complementary nucleobases could bind each other via hydrogen bonds, which suggests nucleobase-incorporated CNDs can potentially bind the complementary nucleobases in a DNA double helix. Nonetheless, neither bare nor nucleobase-incorporated CNDs were observed to intervene in the amplification of the zebrafish polymerase-alpha 1 gene in quantitative polymerase chain reactions. Thus, in conclusion, the embryogenesis interruption by bare and nucleobase-incorporated CNDs might not be a consequence of CND-DNA interactions during DNA replication. Instead, CND-Ca2+ interactions offer a plausible mechanism that hindered cell proliferation and zebrafish embryogenesis originating from disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis by CNDs. Eventually, the hypothesis that raw or nucleobase-incorporated CNDs can be nucleobase analogs proved to be invalid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
- C-Dots, LLC, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Jiuyan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | | | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | | | - Samuel Perez
- Miami Dade College North Campus, Miami, FL 33167, USA
| | - Arjuna Davila
- Miami Dade College North Campus, Miami, FL 33167, USA
| | | | - Jun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Wenquan Shi
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Justin B Domena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | | | - Fuwu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Frederic A Vallejo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Daniela Toledo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | | | - Regina M Graham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Julia Dallman
- Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA
| | - Zhili Peng
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Christian Agatemor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Alessandro Catenazzi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
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20
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Gusmão LA, Matsuo FS, Barbosa HFG, Tedesco AC. Advances in nano-based materials for glioblastoma multiforme diagnosis: A mini-review. FRONTIERS IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fnano.2022.836802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of nano-based materials for diagnosis enables a more precise prognosis and results. Inorganic, organic, or hybrid nanoparticles using nanomaterials, such as quantum dots, extracellular vesicle systems, and others, with different molecular compositions, have been extensively explored as a better strategy to overcome the blood-brain barrier and target brain tissue and tumors. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system, with a short, established prognosis. The delay in early detection is considered a key challenge in designing a precise and efficient treatment with the most encouraging prognosis. Therefore, the present mini-review focuses on discussing distinct strategies presented recently in the literature regarding nanostructures’ use, design, and application for GBM diagnosis.
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21
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Wan J, Xu S, Li J, Yu M, Zhang K, Wei G, Su Z. Facile synthesis of multifunctional pharmaceutical carbon dots for targeted bioimaging and chemotherapy of tumors. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:11359-11368. [PMID: 35894806 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr03321f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Drug-derived carbon dots (CDs) not only have excellent photoluminescence properties of CDs, but also maintain pharmacological effects of original drugs, so as to realize extended applications for both bioimaging and chemotherapy. In this work, metformin (Met)-derived CDs (Met-CDs) as multifunctional nanocarriers with tumor cell imaging and cancer therapy are synthesized using Met and citric acid as precursors. The created Met-CDs exhibit obvious resistance to photobleaching, significant pH sensitivity in acidic environments, good pH stability in alkaline environments, and high temperature sensitivity. In addition, we further investigate the biological activity of Met-CDs using diabetic cell models, which demonstrate the ability of Met-CDs to treat diabetes and reduce the production of reactive oxygen species in diseased cells. Subsequently, human alveolar adenocarcinoma basal epithelial cells (A549) are cultured in both normal glucose and low glucose media, and different concentrations of Met and Met-CDs are added to investigate the effect of Met-CDs on A549 cells. Finally, we successfully utilize the prepared Met-CDs to image live A549 cells in vitro in normal glucose medium. The Met-CDs prepared in this work reveal high potential to be used as both fluorescent probes and drug agents for tumor therapy, realizing controllable integrated diagnosis and treatment of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafeng Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
| | - Shiqing Xu
- Dental Medical Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Li
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mengliu Yu
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Gang Wei
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 100029 Beijing, China.
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22
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Modulation of the binding ability to biomacromolecule, cytotoxicity and cellular imaging property for ionic liquid mediated carbon dots. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 216:112552. [PMID: 35580459 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
For the preparation of carbon dots (CDs), a variety of carbon sources and synthetic protocols are available which endow CDs with variable and unpredictable properties. In the present study, three CDs were developed with ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide as the precursor through ethanol-thermal and hydrothermal strategies, termed as E-CDs and H-CDs, respectively. The features of these carbon dots, i.e., their physicochemical and optical properties, their interactions with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as well as their imaging capability were investigated with respect to the CDs prepared with microwave assisted approach (W-CDs). E-CDs and H-CDs were demonstrated to exhibit similar framework structures and optical properties, and they exhibited larger particle-sizes than that of W-CDs. In addition, the increase of ethanol-thermal and hydrothermal reaction time strengthened the quantum yields of the CDs and promoted their binding capability with BSA. E-CDs and H-CDs showed similar cytotoxicity on normal (LX-2) and cancer (SK-Hep-1) cells. We further found that these CDs may readily enter the cells within 5 min, while the fluorescence of hydrophilic E-CDs and H-CDs was very weak with respect to that of hydrophobic W-CDs in cell imaging. On the other hand, all the CDs exhibited little impact on the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species. The present study is conducive to guide the preparation of suitable carbon dots for different application scenarios.
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23
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Kirbas Cilingir E, Sankaran M, Garber JM, Vallejo FA, Bartoli M, Tagliaferro A, Vanni S, Graham RM, Leblanc RM. Surface modification of carbon nitride dots by nanoarchitectonics for better drug loading and higher cancer selectivity. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:9686-9701. [PMID: 35766148 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr02063g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon Dots (CDs) have recently attracted a considerable amount of attention thanks to their well-documented biocompatibility, tunable photoluminescence, and excellent water solubility. However, CDs need further analysis before their potential use in clinical trials. Previously, we reported a new type of carbon nitride dot (CND) that displayed selective cancer uptake traits attributed to structural resemblances between CNDs and glutamine. Here, the effects of surface structural differences on the cellular uptake of CNDs are further investigated to understand their selective cancer cell uptake trend. Beyond enhanced drug loading on modified CNDs, our cytotoxicity, western blotting and bioimaging studies proposed that modified CNDs' cellular uptake mechanism is thoroughly linked with ASCT2 and LAT1 transporters. Therefore, CNDs have a promising trait of selective cancer cell targeting by utilizing highly expressed transporters on cancer cells. Additionally, drug loaded CNDs exhibited improved anti-cancer efficacies towards cancer cells along with good non-tumor biocompatibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Kirbas Cilingir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA.
| | - Meghana Sankaran
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Jordan M Garber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA.
| | - Frederic Anthony Vallejo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mattia Bartoli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Politecnico di Torino, Italy
| | | | - Steven Vanni
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- HCA Florida University Hospital, 3476 S University Dr., Davie, FL 33328, USA
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, 3301 College Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33314-7796, USA
| | - Regina M Graham
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1475 NW 12th Ave, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, USA.
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24
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Chalcones as Anti-Glioblastoma Stem Cell Agent Alone or as Nanoparticle Formulation Using Carbon Dots as Nanocarrier. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071465. [PMID: 35890360 PMCID: PMC9316063 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The current prognosis for glioblastoma is dismal. Treatment-resistant glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) and the failure of most drugs to reach therapeutic levels within the tumor remain formidable obstacles to successful treatment. Chalcones are aromatic ketones demonstrated to reduce malignant properties in cancers including glioblastoma. Nanomedicines can increase drug accumulation and tumor cell death. Carbon-dots are promising nanocarriers that can be easily functionalized with tumor-targeting ligands and anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, we synthesized a series of 4′-amino chalcones with the rationale that the amino group would serve as a “handle” to facilitate covalent attachment to carbon-dots and tested their cytotoxicity toward GSCs. We generated 31 chalcones (22 4′-amino and 9 4′ derivatives) including 5 novel chalcones, and found that 13 had an IC50 below 10 µM in all GSC lines. After confirming that the 4-amino group was not part of the active pharmacophore, chalcones were attached to transferrin-conjugated carbon-dots. These conjugates were significantly more cytotoxic than the free chalcones, with the C-dot-transferrin-2,5, dimethoxy chalcone conjugate inducing up to 100-fold more GSC death. Several of the tested chalcones represent promising lead compounds for the development of novel anti-GSC drugs. Furthermore, designing amino chalcones for carbon-dot mediated drug delivery is a rational and effective methodology.
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25
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Zhang W, Kandel N, Zhou Y, Smith N, C.L.B. Ferreira B, Perez M, Claure ML, Mintz KJ, Wang C, Leblanc RM. Drug delivery of memantine with carbon dots for Alzheimer’s disease: blood–brain barrier penetration and inhibition of tau aggregation. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 617:20-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.02.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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26
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Paudyal S, Vallejo FA, Cilingir EK, Zhou Y, Mintz KJ, Pressman Y, Gu J, Vanni S, Graham RM, Leblanc RM. DFMO Carbon Dots for Treatment of Neuroblastoma and Bioimaging. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2022; 5:3300-3309. [PMID: 35771033 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.2c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a pediatric malignancy affecting the peripheral nervous system. Despite recent advancements in treatment, many children affected with NB continue to submit to this illness, and new therapeutic strategies are desperately needed. In recent years, studies of carbon dots (CDs) as nanocarriers have mostly focused on the delivery of anticancer agents because of their biocompatibility, good aqueous dissolution, and photostability. Their fluorescence properties, surface functionalities, and surface charges differ on the basis of the type of precursors used and the synthetic approach implemented. At present, most CDs are used as nanocarriers by directly linking them either covalently or electrostatically to drug molecules. Though most modern CDs are synthesized from large carbon macromolecules and conjugated to anticancerous drugs, constructing CDs from the anticancerous drugs and precursors themselves to increase antitumoral activity requires further investigation. Herein, CDs were synthesized using difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor commonly used in high-risk neuroblastoma treatment regiments. In this study, NB cell lines, SMS-KCNR and SK-N-AS, were treated with DFMO, the newly synthesized DFMO CDs, and conventional DFMO conjugated to black carbon dots. Bioimaging was done to determine the cellular localization of a fluorescent drug over time. The mobility of DNA mixed with DFMO CDs was evaluated by gel electrophoresis. DFMO CDs were effectively synthesized from DFMO precursor and characterized using spectroscopic methods. The DFMO CDs effectively reduced cell viability with increasing dose. The effects were dramatic in the N-MYC-amplified line SMS-KCNR at 500 μM, which is comparable to high doses of conventional DFMO at a 60-fold lower concentration. In vitro bioimaging as well as DNA electrophoresis showed that synthesized DFMO CDs were able to enter the nucleus of neuroblastoma cells and neuronal cells and interact with DNA. Our new DFMO CDs exhibit a robust advantage over conventional DFMO because they induce comparable reductions in viability at a dramatically lower concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Paudyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Frederic Anthony Vallejo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, Florida 33136, United States.,University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Emel Kirbas Cilingir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Keenan J Mintz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Yelena Pressman
- The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Steven Vanni
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, Florida 33136, United States.,HCA Florida University Hospital, 3476 S University Dr., Davie, Florida 33328, United States.,Department of Medicine, Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Davie, Florida 33328, United States
| | - Regina M Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States.,University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1095 NW 14th Terrace, Miami, Florida 33136, United States.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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27
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Li B, Chen X, Qiu W, Zhao R, Duan J, Zhang S, Pan Z, Zhao S, Guo Q, Qi Y, Wang W, Deng L, Ni S, Sang Y, Xue H, Liu H, Li G. Synchronous Disintegration of Ferroptosis Defense Axis via Engineered Exosome-Conjugated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Glioblastoma Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2105451. [PMID: 35508804 PMCID: PMC9189685 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202105451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most fatal central nervous system tumors and lacks effective or sufficient therapies. Ferroptosis is a newly discovered method of programmed cell death and opens a new direction for GBM treatment. However, poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration, reduced tumor targeting ability, and potential compensatory mechanisms hinder the effectiveness of ferroptosis agents during GBM treatment. Here, a novel composite therapeutic platform combining the magnetic targeting features and drug delivery properties of magnetic nanoparticles with the BBB penetration abilities and siRNA encapsulation properties of engineered exosomes for GBM therapy is presented. This platform can be enriched in the brain under local magnetic localization and angiopep-2 peptide-modified engineered exosomes can trigger transcytosis, allowing the particles to cross the BBB and target GBM cells by recognizing the LRP-1 receptor. Synergistic ferroptosis therapy of GBM is achieved by the combined triple actions of the disintegration of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase and the glutathione peroxidase 4 ferroptosis defense axis with Fe3 O4 nanoparticle-mediated Fe2+ release. Thus, the present findings show that this system can serve as a promising platform for the treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu HospitalCheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu HospitalCheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Rongrong Zhao
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu HospitalCheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Jiazhi Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Shouji Zhang
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu HospitalCheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Ziwen Pan
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu HospitalCheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu HospitalCheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Qindong Guo
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu HospitalCheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu HospitalCheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Wenhan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu HospitalCheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Shilei Ni
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu HospitalCheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Yuanhua Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu HospitalCheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal MaterialsShandong UniversityJinan250100P. R. China
- Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (IAIR)University of JinanJinan250022P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of NeurosurgeryQilu HospitalCheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain‐Inspired ScienceShandong UniversityJinan250012P. R. China
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28
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Shabani L, Abbasi M, Amini M, Amani AM, Vaez A. The brilliance of nanoscience over cancer therapy: Novel promising nanotechnology-based methods for eradicating glioblastoma. J Neurol Sci 2022; 440:120316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2022.120316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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He C, Lin X, Mei Y, Luo Y, Yang M, Kuang Y, Yi X, Zeng W, Huang Q, Zhong B. Recent Advances in Carbon Dots for In Vitro/Vivo Fluorescent Bioimaging: A Mini-Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:905475. [PMID: 35601546 PMCID: PMC9117726 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.905475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a new type of “zero-dimensional” fluorescent carbon nanomaterials, carbon dots (CDs) have some unique optical and chemical properties, they are being explored for a variety of applications in bio-related fields, such as bioimaging, biosensors, and therapy. This review mainly summarizes the recent progress of CDs in bioimaging. The overview of this review can be roughly divided into two categories: (1) In vitro bioimaging based on CDs in different cells and important organelles. (2) The distribution, imaging and application of CDs in mice and zebrafish. In addition, this review also points out the potential advantages and future development directions of CDs for bioimaging, which may promote the development of CDs in the field of bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen He
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Lin, ; Weijia Zeng, ; Qitong Huang, ; Bin Zhong,
| | - Yanqiu Mei
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Min Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Ying Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yi
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Weijia Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Lin, ; Weijia Zeng, ; Qitong Huang, ; Bin Zhong,
| | - Qitong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Lin, ; Weijia Zeng, ; Qitong Huang, ; Bin Zhong,
| | - Bin Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Sensors of Ganzhou, Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Immunotherapeutic Drugs Developing for Childhood Leukemia, Key Laboratory of Biomaterials and Biofabrication in Tissue Engineering of Jiangxi Province, School of Medical and Information Engineering, School of Public Health and Health Management, Oil-Tea in Medical Health Care and Functional Product Development Engineering Research Center in Jiangxi, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaofeng Lin, ; Weijia Zeng, ; Qitong Huang, ; Bin Zhong,
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30
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Dual-excitation red-emissive carbon dots excited by ultraviolet light for the mitochondria-targetable imaging and monitoring of biological process in living cells. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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31
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Zhang ML, Liu YH, Qu HH. Protective Effect of Nanoparticles from Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata on 2,4,6-Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid (TNBS)-Induced Colitis in Rats. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022; 18:422-434. [PMID: 35484755 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the protective effects of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata-derived nanoparticles (PCC-NPs) against 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats. Methods: This study developed and characterized novel PCC-NPs synthesized by a green and simple pyrolysis process using Platycladi Cacumen (PC) as the sole precursor. The UC model prepared with rectal instillation of TNBS was used to evaluate the potential efficacy of PCC-NPs, and the underlying mechanisms were preliminarily explored from the perspective of anti-inflammatory and antioxidative stress for the first time. Results: PCC-NPs exhibited low cytotoxicity, good dispersibility and copious surface functional groups. Nanoparticles with diameters ranging from 40-60 nm mainly manifested a therapeutic effect by downregulating tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and upregulating interleukin-10 (IL-10). In addition, PCC-NPs relieved colon injury by inhibiting myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, limiting the release of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Conclusion: Green synthetic PCC-NPs is a potential candidate as a complementary drug for intestinal inflammation of inflammatory bowel disease, and its regulatory mechanisms may be to balance the levels of pro-/anti-inflammatory cytokines and improve resistance to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Ling Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Internal Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Han Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Hua Qu
- Centre of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
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32
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Mintz KJ, Cilingir EK, Nagaro G, Paudyal S, Zhou Y, Khadka D, Huang S, Graham RM, Leblanc RM. Development of Red-Emissive Carbon Dots for Bioimaging through a Building Block Approach: Fundamental and Applied Studies. Bioconjug Chem 2022; 33:226-237. [PMID: 34914353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.1c00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, many researchers have struggled to obtain carbon dots (CDs) that possess strong photoluminescence in the red region of light. Success in this area has been limited, although the past few years have brought several promising reports on this topic. The most successful efforts in this area still seem to struggle from a lack of dispersibility/reduced emission in water. This work endeavors to understand the formation process of CDs that do not possess strong performance in an aqueous environment and to improve their capabilities in bioimaging. o-Phenylenediamine (o-PDA) is used along with various precursors in several different solvents (varying acidic and oxidative strengths) to understand the formation process behind the structure leading to red emission that is sensitive to water. These results showed that the combination of acid properties and oxidation is essential for this process, and the important reactions are oligomerization of o-PDA and the crosslinking of these oligomers to form aromatic structural segments of CDs. These CDs are shown to be capable of quantitatively detecting water in organic solvents. Additionally, we have shown that conjugation with transferrin remarkably enhances the biocompatibility of these CDs. Transferrin-conjugated CDs with better biocompatibility were applied to bioimaging studies of neuroblastoma cell lines with N-myc and non-N-myc gene amplification, for the first time. Furthermore, CDs showed versatile bioimaging capability toward a highly aggressive neuroblastoma subgroup of tumors. The importance of creating red-emissive CDs has been well established, and this work is an important step toward understanding their formation and realizing their use in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan J Mintz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Emel Kirbas Cilingir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Giacomo Nagaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Suraj Paudyal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Yiqun Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Durga Khadka
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Sunxiang Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Regina M Graham
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33136, United States
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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Zhang Y, Liu B, Liu Z, Li J. Research progress in synthesis and biological application of quantum dots. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj02603a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Quantum dots are an excellent choice for biomedical applications due to their special optical properties and quantum confinement effects. This paper reviews the research and application progress of several quantum...
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Ferreira BCLB, Liyanage PY, Leblanc RM. Drug Loading of Anthracycline Antibiotics on Carbon Dots Using Circular Dichroism Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14773-14777. [PMID: 34699191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery systems using nanoparticles are currently in the panorama of nanomedicine studies. In oncology, chemotherapeutic regimens using anthracycline antibiotics rely on the dosage of treatments to minimize the severity of side effects on the patient. Therefore, even in targeted delivery systems it is of great importance to quantify the level of drug administrated for dosage and quality control of the treatment. Herein, as a feasible pathway to shed light on improving nano drug quantification procedures, we proposed a simple analytical protocol to quantify the anthracyclines loaded on our nonchiral carbon nitride dots (CNDs) with circular dichroism spectrometry (CD). The calibration curves from the linear relation between ellipticity and concentration of the anthracycline drugs followed by measurements on the CNDs conjugates were used in achieving the quantification technique which showed different drug loading for each anthracycline used such as daunorubicin, doxorubicin, and epirubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Braulio C L B Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Piumi Y Liyanage
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
| | - Roger M Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Miami, 1301 Memorial Drive, Coral Gables, Florida 33146, United States
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Pandey RR, Chusuei CC. Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, and Carbon Dots as Electrochemical Biosensing Composites. Molecules 2021; 26:6674. [PMID: 34771082 PMCID: PMC8587008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have been extensively used as electrochemical sensing composites due to their interesting chemical, electronic, and mechanical properties giving rise to increased performance. Due to these materials' unknown long-term ecological fate, care must be given to make their use tractable. In this review, the design and use of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, and carbon dots (CDs) as electrochemical sensing electrocatalysts applied to the working electrode surface are surveyed for various biosensing applications. Graphene and CDs are readily biodegradable as compared to CNTs. Design elements for CNTs that carry over to graphene and CDs include Coulombic attraction of components and using O or N atoms that serve as tethering points for attaching electrocatalytically active nanoparticles (NPs) and/or other additives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles C. Chusuei
- Department of Chemistry, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA;
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Chusuei CC, Clark CJ, Pandey RR, Williams ET, Shuxteau C, Seven ES, Leblanc RM. Graphene Defects in Saccharide Carbon Dots Govern Electrochemical Sensitivity. ELECTROANAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202100381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles C. Chusuei
- Department of Chemistry Middle Tennessee State University 440 Friendship Street Murfreesboro TN 37132 USA
| | - Christopher J. Clark
- Department of Chemistry Middle Tennessee State University 440 Friendship Street Murfreesboro TN 37132 USA
| | - Raja Ram Pandey
- Department of Chemistry Middle Tennessee State University 440 Friendship Street Murfreesboro TN 37132 USA
| | - Ethan T. Williams
- Department of Chemistry Middle Tennessee State University 440 Friendship Street Murfreesboro TN 37132 USA
| | - Carissa Shuxteau
- Department of Chemistry Middle Tennessee State University 440 Friendship Street Murfreesboro TN 37132 USA
| | - Elif S. Seven
- Department of Chemistry University of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
| | - Roger M. Leblanc
- Department of Chemistry University of Miami 1301 Memorial Drive Coral Gables FL 33146 USA
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Tseng CH. Metformin and Risk of Malignant Brain Tumors in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081226. [PMID: 34439890 PMCID: PMC8391370 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The risk of malignant brain tumors associated with metformin use has rarely been investigated in humans. This retrospective cohort study investigated such an association. Patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus diagnosed from 1999 to 2005 in the nationwide database of Taiwan’s national health insurance were used to enroll study subjects. We first identified an unmatched cohort of 153,429 ever users and 16,222 never users of metformin. A cohort of 16,222 ever users and 16,222 never users matched on propensity score was then created from this unmatched cohort. All patients were followed up from 1 January 2006 until 31 December 2011. The incidence density was calculated and hazard ratios were derived from Cox regression incorporated with the inverse probability of treatment weighting using a propensity score. The results showed that 27 never users and 155 ever users developed malignant brain tumors in the unmatched cohort. The incidence rate was 37.11 per 100,000 person-years in never users and 21.39 per 100,000 person-years in ever users. The overall hazard ratio comparing ever users versus never users was 0.574 (95% confidence interval: 0.381–0.863). The respective hazard ratios comparing the first (<27.13 months), second (27.13–58.33 months), and third (>58.33 months) tertiles of cumulative duration of metformin therapy versus never users were 0.897 (0.567–1.421), 0.623 (0.395–0.984), and 0.316 (0.192–0.518). In the matched cohort, the overall hazard ratio was 0.317 (0.149–0.673) and the respective hazard ratios were 0.427 (0.129–1.412), 0.509 (0.196–1.322), and 0.087 (0.012–0.639) for the first, second, and third tertile of cumulative duration of metformin therapy. In conclusion, this study shows a risk reduction of malignant brain tumors associated with metformin use in a dose–response pattern. The risk reduction is more remarkable when metformin has been used for approximately 2–5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hsiao Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 10051, Taiwan;
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
- Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
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Ahuja V, Banerjee S, Roy P, Bhatt AK. Fluorescent xylitol carbon dots: A potent antimicrobial agent and drug carrier. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2021; 69:1679-1689. [PMID: 34363245 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular carbon dots (CDs) have immense potential for various industries due to exceptional bioactivity, biocompatibility, low toxicity, and biodegradability. In the present work xylitol (Xlt), a natural sweetener produced by microbial fermentation of sugarcane bagasse (71.98% conversion) has been used for CDs preparation by microwave-assisted carbonization in the presence of ethylene diamine (EDA). The resultant xylitol carbon dots (XCDs) were irregular shaped, rough with an average size of 8.88 nm and exhibiting fluorescence between 400 and 450 nm. The presence of EDA preserves the native chemical structure of Xlt even after exposure to microwaves. Purified XCDs were conjugated (AM-XCD) with ketoconazole and tetracycline for fungi and bacteria, respectively. In comparison to Xlt, XCDs have higher inhibitory potential and reduced dosage size of antimicrobials against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Escherichia coli by 75%, 75%, 87.50%, and 50%, respectively. For Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhi also inhibitory potential was increased by 14.68% and 21.38%. Increased efficacy advocated the improved drug delivery in the presence of XCDs. However, no inhibitory effect was recorded against DU145 (human prostate cancer) and HCT-15 (human colon adenocarcinoma) cell lines. The findings of the current work suggested the possible use of Xlt as an important antimicrobial agent besides an efficient drug carrier in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Ahuja
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Somesh Banerjee
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Biotechnology Department, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India
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