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Sivri D, Gezmen-Karadağ M. Effects of Phytochemicals on Type 2 Diabetes via MicroRNAs. Curr Nutr Rep 2024:10.1007/s13668-024-00549-5. [PMID: 38805166 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00549-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Type 2 diabetes, characterized by inadequate insulin secretion and resistance, is increasingly prevalent. To effectively manage type 2 diabetes, identifying new therapeutic targets is crucial. MicroRNAs, short noncoding RNA molecules, play a pivotal role in regulating β-cell function, insulin production, and resistance, and show promise as biomarkers for predicting type 2 diabetes onset. Phytochemicals, known for their antioxidant activities, may influence microRNA expression, potentially improving insulin sensitivity and mitigating associated complications. This review aims to explore the significance of microRNA in type 2 diabetes, their potential as biomarkers, and how certain phytochemicals may modulate microRNA expressions to reduce or prevent diabetes and its complications. RECENT FINDINGS Current research suggests that microRNAs show promise as novel therapeutic biomarkers for diagnosing type 2 diabetes and monitoring diabetic complications. Additionally, phytochemicals may regulate microRNAs to control type 2 diabetes, presenting a potential therapeutic strategy. The multifactorial effects of phytochemicals on type 2 diabetes and its complications through microRNAs warrant further research to elucidate their mechanisms. Comprehensive clinical trials are needed to assess the safety and efficacy of phytochemicals and their combinations. Given their ability to modulate microRNAs expression, incorporating phytochemical-rich foods into the diet may be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Sivri
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Health Science, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Makbule Gezmen-Karadağ
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetic, Faculty of Health Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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Abruscato G, Tarantino R, Mauro M, Chiarelli R, Vizzini A, Arizza V, Vazzana M, Luparello C. Modulation of Glucose Consumption and Uptake in HepG2 Cells by Aqueous Extracts from the Coelomic Fluid of the Edible Holothuria tubulosa Sea Cucumber. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:378. [PMID: 38927258 PMCID: PMC11201224 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The cell-free aqueous extract from the coelomic fluid of Holothuria tubulosa was prepared and examined for its glucose-lowering effect on HepG2 cells in vitro. In particular, employing a combination of cytochemical, flow cytometric, PCR, and protein blot techniques, we evaluated its role on glucose internalization and storage and on the upregulation and surface translocation of the two glucose transporters GLUT-2 and -4. The changes in expression, synthesis, and/or activation of the GLUT2-related transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 alpha (HNF1α) and the GLUT-4-translocation regulatory factors insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and AKT were also studied. Our results showed the improved glucose response by HepG2 cells, leading to an evident increase in glucose consumption/uptake and glycogen storage upon exposure. Moreover, the extract induced molecular reprogramming involving the upregulation of (i) IRS1 gene expression, (ii) the transcription and translation levels of HNF1α, AKT, and GLUT-4, (iii) the phosphorylation level of AKT, (iv) the synthesis of GLUT-2 protein, and (v) the translocation of GLUT-2 and -4 transporters onto the plasma membrane. Cumulatively, our results suggest that the coelomic fluid extract from H. tubulosa can be taken into consideration for the development of novel treatment agents against diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Abruscato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Roberta Tarantino
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Manuela Mauro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Roberto Chiarelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
| | - Aiti Vizzini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Arizza
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Mirella Vazzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Claudio Luparello
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), Università di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (R.T.); (M.M.); (R.C.); (A.V.); (V.A.); (M.V.)
- National Biodiversity Future Center (NBFC), 90133 Palermo, Italy
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Liu JJ, Zhang X, Cai BL, Qi MM, Chi YB, Peng B, Zhang DH. Ferroptosis inhibitors reduce celastrol toxicity and preserve its insulin sensitizing effects in insulin resistant HepG2 cells. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 22:286-294. [PMID: 38565435 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research has shown that celastrol can effectively treat a variety of diseases, yet when passing a certain dosage threshold, celastrol becomes toxic, causing complications such as liver and kidney damage and erythrocytopenia, among others. With this dichotomy in mind, it is extremely important to find ways to preserve celastrol's efficacy while reducing or preventing its toxicity. METHODS In this study, insulin-resistant HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cells were prepared using palmitic acid and used for in vitro experiments. IR-HepG2 cells were treated with celastrol alone or in combination with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) for 12, 24 or 48 h, at a range of doses. Cell counting kit-8 assay, Western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, glucose consumption assessment, and flow cytometry were performed to measure celastrol's cytotoxicity and whether the cell death was linked to ferroptosis. RESULTS Celastrol treatment increased lipid oxidation and decreased expression of anti-ferroptosis proteins in IR-HepG2 cells. Celastrol downregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) mRNA. Molecular docking models predicted that solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and GPX4 were covalently bound by celastrol. Importantly, we found for the first time that the application of ferroptosis inhibitors (especially NAC) was able to reduce celastrol's toxicity while preserving its ability to improve insulin sensitivity in IR-HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION One potential mechanism of celastrol's cytotoxicity is the induction of ferroptosis, which can be alleviated by treatment with ferroptosis inhibitors. These findings provide a new strategy to block celastrol's toxicity while preserving its therapeutic effects. Please cite this article as: Liu JJ, Zhang X, Qi MM, Chi YB, Cai BL, Peng B, Zhang DH. Ferroptosis inhibitors reduce celastrol toxicity and preserve its insulin sensitizing effects in insulin resistant HepG2 cells. J Integr Med. 2024; 22(3): 286-294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Jia Liu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China; School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Bang-Lan Cai
- Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China; School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China
| | - Man-Man Qi
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yong-Bin Chi
- Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Bin Peng
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China.
| | - Deng-Hai Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China; Shanghai Health Commission Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence-Based Management of Inflammation and Chronic Diseases, Shanghai Pudong Gongli Hospital, Secondary Military Medical University, Shanghai 200135, China; School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China.
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Pan W, Yang B, He D, Chen L, Fu C. Functions and targets of miRNAs in pharmacological and toxicological effects of major components of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:1997-2019. [PMID: 37831113 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02764-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF) has a long history of use as a traditional Chinese medicine and has been widely administered to treat various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous, short, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally. They participate in the efficacies and even toxicities of the components of TwHF, rendering miRNAs an appealing therapeutic strategy. This review summarizes the recent literature related to the roles and mechanisms of miRNAs in the pharmacological and toxicological effects of main components of TwHF, focusing on two active compounds, triptolide (TP) and celastrol (CEL). Additionally, the prospects for the "You Gu Wu Yun" theory regarding TwHF nephrotoxicity are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421200, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxiu He
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421200, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421200, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxiao Fu
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, College of Basic Medical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421200, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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Guo YC, Cao HD, Lian XF, Wu PX, Zhang F, Zhang H, Lu DH. Molecular mechanisms of noncoding RNA and epigenetic regulation in obesity with consequent diabetes mellitus development. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:1621-1631. [DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i11.1621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity have become two of the most prevalent and challenging diseases worldwide, with increasing incidence and serious complications. Recent studies have shown that noncoding RNA (ncRNA) and epigenetic regulation play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of DM complicated by obesity. Identification of the involvement of ncRNA and epigenetic regulation in the pathogenesis of diabetes with obesity has opened new avenues of investigation. Targeting these mechanisms with small molecules or RNA-based therapies may provide a more precise and effective approach to diabetes treatment than traditional therapies. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms of ncRNA and epigenetic regulation and their potential therapeutic targets, and the research prospects for DM complicated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Guo
- Department of Endo-crinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao-Di Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fen Lian
- Department of Endo-crinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pei-Xian Wu
- Department of Endo-crinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Endo-crinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Dong-Hui Lu
- Department of Endo-crinology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518036, Guangdong Province, China
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Wang Y, Qin J, Dong L, He C, Zhang D, Wu X, Li T, Yue H, Mu L, Wang Q, Yang J. Suppression of mir-150-5p attenuates the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids in mice with ulcerative colitis. Mol Immunol 2023; 163:28-38. [PMID: 37729776 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids have been widely used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, but not all patients benefit from this therapy due to hormone resistance. Mir-150-5p has been reported to enhance the efficacy of glucocorticoids, and low serum mir-150-5p expression has been linked to glucocorticoid resistance in ulcerative colitis patients. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanisms of mir-150-5p regulation on glucocorticoid resistance. An ulcerative colitis mouse model was used to evaluate changes in ulcerative colitis symptoms, inflammatory factors, and glucocorticoid resistance-related gene expression. The results showed that mir-150-5p suppression with antagomirs did not significantly interfere with or enhance the induction of ulcerative colitis symptoms by dextran sulfate sodium, but it did attenuate the inflammation inhibitory effect of dexamethasone by abnormally regulating the expression of IL-17a, IL-10, IL-2 and IL-6 levels and myeloperoxidase activity. Mir-150-5p inhibition also induced a glucocorticoid-resistant gene expression profile in colon tissues of ulcerative colitis mice, with upregulation of p-ERK, p-JNK, and HSP90 and downregulation of p-GRa, FKBP4, and HDAC2 expression. Our results indicate that mir-150-5p suppression attenuates the anti-inflammatory effect of glucocorticoids and may function as a driver element in ulcerative colitis glucocorticoid resistance. AVAILABILITY OF DATA AND MATERIALS: All data and figures analyzed in this study are available from the corresponding author by request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Jiahong Qin
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lihong Dong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Chen He
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kunming Meizhao Physical Examination Center, Kunming, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Haidong Yue
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lingjie Mu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jilin Yang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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Xue G, Zhao C, Xue J, Duan J, Pan H, Zhao X, Yang Z, Chen H, Sun Y, Feng W. 2,3-Seco and 3-nor guaianolides fromAchillea alpina with antidiabetic activity. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:610-618. [PMID: 37611979 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we presented the isolation and characterization of eight novel seco-guaianolide sesquiterpenoids (1-8) and two known guaianolide derivatives (9 and 10), from the aerial part of Achillea alpina L.. Compounds 1-3 were identified as guaianolides bearing an oxygen insertion at the 2, 3 position, while compounds 4-8 belonged to a group of special 3-nor guaianolide sesquiterpenoids. The structural elucidation of 1-8, including their absolute configurations, were accomplished by a combination of spectroscopic data analysis and quantum electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. To evaluate the potential antidiabetic activity of compounds 1-10, we investigated their effects on glucose consumption in palmitic acid (PA)-mediated HepG2-insulin resistance (IR) cells. Among the tested compounds, compound 7 demonstrated the most pronounced ability to reverse IR. Moreover, a mechanistic investigation revealed that compound 7 exerted its antidiabetic effect by reducing the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which was achieved through the suppression of the NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guimin Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Chenguang Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jinfeng Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiangjing Duan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hao Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhikang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yanjun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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8
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Xue GM, Zhao CG, Xue JF, Duan JJ, Pan H, Jia YY, Du K, Zhi YL, Feng WS. Monomeric and dimeric guaianolide sesquiterpenoids with hypoglycemic activity from Achillea alpina. Fitoterapia 2023; 166:105472. [PMID: 36914013 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Three new monomeric (1-3) and two newdimeric guaianolides (4 and 5), along with three known analogues (6-8) were isolated from the aerial part of Achillea alpina L. Compounds 1-3 were three novel 1,10-seco-guaianolides, while 4 and 5 were two novel 1,10-seco-guaianolides involved heterodimeric [4 + 2] adducts. The new structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data and quantum chemical calculations. All isolates were evaluated for their hypoglycemic activity with a glucose consumption model in palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2-insulin resistance (IR) cells, and compound 1 showed the most promising activity. A mechanistic study revealed that compound 1 appeared to mediate hypoglycemic activity via inhibition of the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3/caspase-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Min Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Chen-Guang Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jin-Feng Xue
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jiang-Jing Duan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Hao Pan
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yao-Yao Jia
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Kun Du
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yan-Le Zhi
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Wei-Sheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
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Zhou D, Li X, Xiao X, Wang G, Chen B, Song Y, Liu X, He Q, Zhang H, Wu Q, Zhang L, Wu L, Shen Z, Hassan M, Zhao Y, Zhou W. Celastrol targets the ChREBP-TXNIP axis to ameliorates type 2 diabetes mellitus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 110:154634. [PMID: 36603341 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) plays a pivotal role in regulation of blood glucose homeostasis and is an emerging therapeutic target in diabetes and its complications. Celastrol, a pentacyclic triterpene extracted from the roots of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, can reduce insulin resistance and improve diabetic complications. PURPOSE This study aimed to untangle the mechanism of celastrol in ameliorating type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and evaluate its potential benefits as an anti-diabetic agent. METHODS db/db mice was used to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of celastrol in vivo; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and 2-NBDG assay were used to detect the effect of celastrol on insulin secretion and glucose uptake in cells; Western blotting, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunohistological staining were used to examine effect of celastrol on the expression of TXNIP and the carbohydrate response element-binding protein (ChREBP). Molecular docking, cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA), drug affinity responsive targets stability assay (DARTS) and mass spectrometry were used to test the direct binding between celastrol and ChREBP. Loss- and gain-of-function studies further confirmed the role of ChREBP and TXNIP in celastrol-mediated amelioration of T2DM. RESULTS Celastrol treatment significantly reduced blood glucose level, body weight and food intake, and improved glucose tolerance in db/db mice. Moreover, celastrol promoted insulin secretion and improved glucose homeostasis. Mechanistically, celastrol directly bound to ChREBP, a primary transcriptional factor upregulating TXNIP expression. By binding to ChREBP, celastrol inhibited its nuclear translocation and promoted its proteasomal degradation, thereby repressing TXNIP transcription and ultimately ameliorating T2DM through breaking the vicious cycle of hyperglycemia deterioration and TXNIP overexpression. CONCLUSION Celastrol ameliorates T2DM through targeting ChREBP-TXNIP aix. Our study identified ChREBP as a new direct molecular target of celastrol and revealed a novel mechanism for celastrol-mediated amelioration of T2DM, which provides experimental evidence for its possible use in the treatment of T2DM and new insight into diabetes drug development for targeting TXNIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanfang Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China; Department of pharmacy, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China; Key laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Xiao
- The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Song
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Qichen He
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiuya Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Limei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Lihong Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhengze Shen
- Department of pharmacy, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Division of Bio-molecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Ying Zhao
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Division of Bio-molecular and Cellular Medicine (BCM), Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Weiying Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism, Chongqing, China; Key laboratory for Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology of Chongqing, Chongqing, China.
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10
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Tang P, Tang Y, Liu Y, He B, Shen X, Zhang ZJ, Qin DL, Tian J. Quercetin-3-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranoside Isolated from Eucommia ulmoides Leaf Relieves Insulin Resistance in HepG2 Cells via the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β Pathway. Biol Pharm Bull 2023; 46:219-229. [PMID: 36517007 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For nearly 2000 years, Eucommia ulmoides Oliver (EUO) has been utilized in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) throughout China. Flavonoids present in bark and leaves of EUO are responsible for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, anti-osteoporosis, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, and antiviral properties, but the main bioactive compound has not been established yet. In this study, we isolated and identified quercetin glycoside (QAG) from EUO leaves (EUOL) and preliminarily explored its molecular mechanism in improving insulin resistance (IR). The results showed that QAG increased uptake of glucose as well as glycogen production in the palmitic acid (PA)-induced HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent way. Further, we observed that QAG increases glucose transporters 2 and 4 (GLUT2 and GLUT4) expression and suppresses the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 at serine612, thus promoting the expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) at tyrosine458 and tyrosine199, as well as protein kinase B (Akt) and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β at serine473 and serine9, respectively. The influence posed by QAG on the improvement of uptake of glucose was significantly inhibited by LY294002, a PI3K inhibitor. In addition, the molecular docking result showed that QAG could bind to insulin receptors. In summary, our data established that QAG improved IR as demonstrated by the increased uptake of glucose and glycogen production through a signaling pathway called IRS-1/PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tang
- Clinical Medical College & Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University.,School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology.,Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Yan Liu
- Drug Discovery Research Center of Southwest Medical University
| | - Bing He
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Xin Shen
- Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University.,Department of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | | | - Da-Lian Qin
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University.,Sichuan Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Bioactivity Screening in Traditional Chinese Medicine and Druggability Evalution, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
| | - Ji Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
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11
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Liu J, Zhao Y, Chen L, Li R, Ning Y, Zhu X. Role of metformin in functional endometrial hyperplasia and polycystic ovary syndrome involves the regulation of MEG3/miR‑223/GLUT4 and SNHG20/miR‑4486/GLUT4 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:218. [PMID: 35552758 PMCID: PMC9175273 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metformin (MET) can effectively treat endometrial hyperplasia (EH), and the expression of glucose transporter type 4 insulin-responsive (GLUT4) is closely associated with the development of EH. The present study aimed to verify the effect of MET in functional EH and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). H&E staining was performed to analyze the severity of EH, and immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of GLUT4 in the endometrium of PCOS rats. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR was used to calculate the expression of long non-coding (lnc)RNA-maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3), lncRNA-small nucleolar RNA host gene 20 (SNHG20), GLUT4 mRNA, microRNA (miR)-223 and miR-4486. Sequence analysis and luciferase assays were performed to explore the regulatory relationship among certain lncRNAs, miRNAs and target genes. EH in PCOS rats was efficiently inhibited by MET administration. The increased expression of GLUT4 in PCOS rats was attenuated by MET treatment. Moreover, the expression levels of lncRNA-MEG3 and lncRNA-SNHG20 were significantly inhibited in the endometrium of PCOS rats. MET treatment also showed remarkable efficiency in restoring the expression of lncRNA-MEG3 and lncRNA-SNHG20. Meanwhile, the expression levels of miR-223 and miR-4486 were notably elevated in the endometrium of PCOS rats, while MET treatment reduced the expression of miR-223 and miR-4486 in PCOS rats. Furthermore, a luciferase assay confirmed the inhibitory relationship between miR-223 and lncRNA-MEG3/GLUT4 expression, as well as between miR-4486 and lncRNA-SNHG20/GLUT4 expression. GLUT4 knockdown restored the decreased viability of HCC-94 cells induced by overexpression of lncRNA-MEG3. To conclude, MET exhibited a therapeutic effect in the treatment of EH by modulating the lncRNA-MEG3/miR-223/GLUT4 and lncRNA-SNHG20/miR-4486/GLUT4 signaling pathways. This work provides mechanistic insight into the development of EH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Yangchun Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Long Chen
- PCR Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Ruilan Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Yumei Ning
- Department of Gynecology, Zhejiang Maternal and Child Health and Reproductive Health Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, P.R. China
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12
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Wang X, Fan Y, Xu F, Xie J, Gao X, Li L, Tian Y, Sheng J. Characterization of the structure, stability, and activity of hypoglycemic peptides from Moringa oleifera seed protein hydrolysates. Food Funct 2022; 13:3481-3494. [PMID: 35246675 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03413h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Moringa oleifera seed protein hydrolysates exhibit good hypoglycemic activity, but their specific peptide components have not yet been characterized. Here, we identified the ultrafiltration peptide components (<3 kDa) of M. oleifera seed protein hydrolysates. A highly active α-glucosidase inhibitory peptide with an IC50 value of 109.65 μM (MoHpP-2) with the amino acid sequence KETTTIVR was identified. We characterized its structural properties, stability, and hypoglycemic activity. MoHpP-2 was found to be an amphipathic peptide with a β-turn structure, and the hemolysis of red blood cells was not observed when its concentration was lower than 2 mg mL-1. MoHpP-2 was stable under weakly acidic conditions, at temperatures lower than 60 °C, and at high ion concentrations. Western blotting revealed that MoHpP-2 affected the PI3K and AMPK pathways of HepG2 cells. Molecular docking revealed that MoHpP-2 interacted with α-glucosidase through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces. Thus, MoHpP-2 from M. oleifera seeds could be used to make hypoglycemic functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China. .,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Yaozhu Fan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China. .,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Feiran Xu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Bio-process, Ministry of Education, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, P. R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China. .,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China. .,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Lingfei Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China. .,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China. .,Engineering Research Center of Development and Utilization of Food and Drug Homologous Resources, Ministry of Education, National Research and Development Professional Center for Moringa Processing Technology, Yunnan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Edible and Medicinal Homologous Functional Food, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Jun Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.
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13
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Zhao J, Zhang F, Xiao X, Wu Z, Hu Q, Jiang Y, Zhang W, Wei S, Ma X, Zhang X. Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) Hutch and Its Main Bioactive Components: Recent Advances in Pharmacological Activity, Pharmacokinetics and Potential Toxicity. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715359. [PMID: 34887747 PMCID: PMC8650721 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tripterygium hypoglaucum (Lévl.) Hutch (THH) is believed to play an important role in health care and disease treatment according to traditional Chinese medicine. Moreover, it is also the representative of medicine with both significant efficacy and potential toxicity. This characteristic causes THH hard for embracing and fearing. In order to verify its prospect for clinic, a wide variety of studies were carried out in the most recent years. However, there has not been any review about THH yet. Therefore, this review summarized its characteristic of components, pharmacological effect, pharmacokinetics and toxicity to comprehensively shed light on the potential clinical application. More than 120 secondary metabolites including terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, sugars, organic acids, oleanolic acid, polysaccharides and other components were found in THH based on phytochemical research. All these components might be the pharmacological bases for immunosuppression, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumour effect. In addition, recent studies found that THH and its bioactive compounds also demonstrated remarkable effect on obesity, insulin resistance, fertility and infection of virus. The main mechanism seemed to be closely related to regulation the balance of immune, inflammation, apoptosis and so on in various disease. Furthermore, the study of pharmacokinetics revealed quick elimination of the main component triptolide. The feature of celastrol was also investigated by several models. Finally, the side effect of THH was thought to be the key for its limitation in clinical application. A series of reports indicated that multiple organs or systems including liver, kidney and genital system were involved in the toxicity. Its potential serious problem in liver was paid specific attention in recent years. In summary, considering the significant effect and potential toxicity of THH as well as its components, the combined medication to inhibit the toxicity, maintain effect might be a promising method for clinical conversion. Modern advanced technology such as structure optimization might be another way to reach the efficacy and safety. Thus, THH is still a crucial plant which remains for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Fangling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolin Xiao
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qichao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinxiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Chemistry of Chinese Medicine, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
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14
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Taxifolin and Sorghum Ethanol Extract Protect against Hepatic Insulin Resistance via the miR-195/IRS1/PI3K/AKT and AMPK Signalling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091331. [PMID: 34572963 PMCID: PMC8465682 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract on free fatty acid (FFA)-induced hepatic insulin resistance. FFA treatment decreased glucose uptake by 16.2% compared with that in the control, whereas taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract increased the glucose uptake. Additionally, taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract increased the expression of p-PI3K, p-IRS1, p-AKT, p-AMPK, and p-ACC in FFA-induced hepatocytes. Furthermore, FFA treatment increased the expression of miR-195. However, compared with the FFA treatment, treatment with taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract decreased miR-195 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract enhanced p-IRS1, p-PI3K, p-AMPK, p-AKT, and p-ACC expression by suppressing miR-195 levels in miR-195 mimic- or inhibitor-transfected cells. These results indicate that taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract attenuate insulin resistance by regulating miR-195 expression, which suggests that taxifolin and sorghum ethanol extract may be useful antidiabetic agents.
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15
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Tan H, Song W, Liu S, Song Q, Zhou T, Wang Y, Hou Y. Molecular Mechanism of Palmitic Acid on Myocardial Contractility in Hypertensive Rats and Its Relationship with Neural Nitric Oxide Synthase Protein in Cardiomyocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6657476. [PMID: 33954193 PMCID: PMC8060086 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6657476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is aimed at investigating the mechanism of palmitic acid (PA) on myocardial contractility in hypertensive rats and its relationship with myocardial neural nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) protein. METHODS The rats were randomly divided into sham operation group and hypertensive group, with thirty rats in each group, to prepare angiotensin II-induced hypertensive model rats. The blood pressure of rats was measured by the multianimal multichannel tail cuff noninvasive blood pressure system of Kent Coda, USA. The Ionoptix single-cell contraction detection system was used to detect myocardial cells. ATP level of left ventricular cardiomyocytes was determined by luminescence method, and protein was measured by Western blot. RESULTS Compared with the sham group, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure were increased in the hypertensive group over 4 weeks; PA increased the contractility of left ventricular cardiomyocytes in normal rats, but not in hypertensive rats, and PA increased the intracellular ATP level of rats in the sham group but not in the hypertension group. In the hypertension group, the expression of nNOS in the cardiomyocytes was significantly increased, and specific nNOS inhibitor S-methyl-L-thiocitrulline (SMTC) was found to restore the positive inotropic effect of PA in the myocardium of the hypertension group. PA was supplemented after using CPT-1 inhibitor etomoxir (ETO); it was found that ETO inhibited the positive inotropic effect of PA on left ventricular cardiomyocytes in the sham group, and PA was supplemented after using SMTC and ETO, it was found that SMTC + ETO could inhibit the positive inotropic effect of PA on left ventricular cardiomyocytes in myocardium of hypertensive rats. CONCLUSION PA could increase the contractility of healthy cardiomyocytes, but had no obvious positive effect on the cardiomyocytes of hypertensive rats, PA enhanced the contractility of cardiomyocytes by increasing ATP level in them, and the inhibitory effect of PA on myocardial contractility in hypertensive rats may be related to the increased nNOS and CPT-1 in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 2553000 Shandong Province, China
| | - Weiwei Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 2553000 Shandong Province, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 2553000 Shandong Province, China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 2553000 Shandong Province, China
| | - Tiangang Zhou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014 Shandong Province, China
| | - Yidan Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014 Shandong Province, China
| | - Yunfeng Hou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250014 Shandong Province, China
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16
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Xu S, Feng Y, He W, Xu W, Xu W, Yang H, Li X. Celastrol in metabolic diseases: Progress and application prospects. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105572. [PMID: 33753246 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are becoming increasingly common in modern society. Therefore, it is essential to develop effective drugs or new treatments for metabolic diseases. As an active ingredient derived from plants, celastrol has shown great potential in the treatment of a wide variety of metabolic diseases and received considerable attention in recent years. In reported studies, the anti-obesity effect of celastrol resulted from regulating leptin sensitivity, energy metabolism, inflammation, lipid metabolism and even gut microbiota. Celastrol reversed insulin resistance via multiple routes to protect against type 2 diabetes. Celastrol also showed effects on atherosclerosis, cholestasis and osteoporosis. Celastrol in treating metabolic diseases seem to be versatile and the targets or pathways were diverse. Here, we systematically review the mechanism of action, and the therapeutic properties of celastrol in various metabolic diseases and complications. Based on this review, potential research strategies might contribute to the celastrol's clinical application in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Yaqian Feng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry and Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Weishen He
- Biology Department, Boston College, Brighton, MA 02135, USA
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, PR China.
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
| | - Xianyu Li
- Experimental Research Centre, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China.
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17
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Suzuki C, Fukumitsu S, Oike H. Modulation of cellular circadian clocks by triterpenoids. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 181:112539. [PMID: 33099224 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many living organisms on earth have clock systems in their body. It has increasingly become clear that a disturbance in the internal clocks has negative effects on our body. Terpenes are organic compounds found in various plants that are reported to have several pharmacological actions. In this study, we focused on commercially available 27 triterpenoids and evaluated their influence on the circadian rhythm of human U2OS cells and mouse NIH3T3 cells. The expression level of Per2, one of the core clock genes, was measured using luminescent reporters over the time period of a few days. We found that 8 triterpenoids reset the phase of the circadian clocks. Representative compounds were corosolic acid, cucurbitacin B, and celastrol; similar effects were also confirmed with some structural analogues of cucurbitacin B and celastrol. These compounds shifted the phase bilaterally depending on the stimulus timing and also acted as synchronizers in desynchronized cells. The effective concentrations of cucurbitacin B and celastrol were less than 0.5 μM. In addition, cucurbitacin B and celastrol were also found to be effective in tissue explants in mice. Furthermore, celastrol dose-dependently shortened the period length of NIH3T3 cells. Some of these compounds are found in edible and medicinal plants and may help regulate our circadian clocks in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihiro Suzuki
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan
| | - Satoshi Fukumitsu
- Food Innovation Course, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hideaki Oike
- Food Research Institute, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8642, Japan; Research Center for Agricultural Information Technology, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-1 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8517, Japan.
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18
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Li L, Wang B, Li Y, Li L, Dai Y, Lv G, Wu P, Li P. Celastrol regulates bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell fate and bone-fat balance in osteoporosis and skeletal aging by inducing PGC-1α signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:16887-16898. [PMID: 32723973 PMCID: PMC7521495 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Celastrol has recently been identified as a prospective new treatment for obesity and several metabolic complications. However, the effect of Celastrol in osteoporosis (OP) remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that Celastrol promotes osteoblast differentiation and prevents adipocyte differentiation in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) in vitro. Mechanistically, Celastrol was able to control the differentiation of BM-MSCs by stimulating PGC-1α signaling. Moreover, administration of Celastrol could alleviate bone loss and bone marrow adipose tissue (MAT) accumulation in ovariectomized (OVX) mice and aged mice. Together, these results recommended that Celastrol could regulate BM-MSCs fate and bone-fat balance in OP and skeletal aging by stimulating PGC-1α, which might act as a possible therapeutic target for OP and for the prevention of skeletal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yawei Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yuliang Dai
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Guohua Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Wu
- Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Pengzhi Li
- Department of Spine Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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19
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Lv H, Jiang L, Zhu M, Li Y, Luo M, Jiang P, Tong S, Zhang H, Yan J. The genus Tripterygium: A phytochemistry and pharmacological review. Fitoterapia 2019; 137:104190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.104190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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