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Singh D, Memari E, He S, Yusefi H, Helfield B. Cardiac gene delivery using ultrasound: State of the field. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101277. [PMID: 38983873 PMCID: PMC11231612 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, there has been tremendous and exciting progress toward extending the use of medical ultrasound beyond a traditional imaging tool. Ultrasound contrast agents, typically used for improved visualization of blood flow, have been explored as novel non-viral gene delivery vectors for cardiovascular therapy. Given this adaptation to ultrasound contrast-enhancing agents, this presents as an image-guided and site-specific gene delivery technique with potential for multi-gene and repeatable delivery protocols-overcoming some of the limitations of alternative gene therapy approaches. In this review, we provide an overview of the studies to date that employ this technique toward cardiac gene therapy using cardiovascular disease animal models and summarize their key findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davindra Singh
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elahe Memari
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Stephanie He
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hossein Yusefi
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Brandon Helfield
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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2
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Tran NLH, Lam TQ, Duong PVQ, Doan LH, Vu MP, Nguyen KHP, Nguyen KT. Review on the Significant Interactions between Ultrafine Gas Bubbles and Biological Systems. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:984-996. [PMID: 38153335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c03223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Having sizes comparable with living cells and high abundance, ultrafine bubbles (UBs) are prone to inevitable interactions with different types of cells and facilitate alterations in physiological properties. The interactions of four typical cell types (e.g., bacterial, fungal, plant, and mammalian cells) with UBs have been studied over recent years. For bacterial cells, UBs have been utilized in creating the capillary force to tear down biofilms. The release of high amounts of heat, pressure, and free radicals during bubble rupture is also found to affect bacterial cell growth. Similarly, the bubble gas core identity plays an important role in the development of fungal cells. By the proposed mechanism of attachment of UBs on hydrophobin proteins in the fungal cell wall, oxygen and ozone gas-filled ultrafine bubbles can either promote or hinder the cell growth rate. On the other hand, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and mass transfer facilitation are two means of indirect interactions between UBs and plant cells. Likewise, the use of different gas cores in generating bubbles can produce different physical effects on these cells, for example, hydrogen gas for antioxidation against infections and oxygen for oxidation of toxic metal ions. For mammalian cells, the importance of investigating their interactions with UBs lies in the bubbles' action on cell viability as membrane poration for drug delivery can greatly affect cells' survival. UBs have been utilized and tested in forming the pores by different methods, ranging from bubble oscillation and microstream generation through acoustic cavitation to bubble implosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Le Hanh Tran
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thien Quang Lam
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Vu Quynh Duong
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Linh Hai Doan
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Mai Phuong Vu
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Khang Huy Phuc Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Khoi Tan Nguyen
- School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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3
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Liu R, Xu Y, Qu S, Dai Z. Major Strategies for Spatial Control of Ultrasound-Driven Gene Expression to Enhance Therapeutic Specificity. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2023; 51:29-40. [PMID: 37522539 DOI: 10.1615/critrevbiomedeng.2023047680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
A major challenge of gene therapy is to achieve highly specific transgene expression in tissues of interest with minimized off-target expression. Ultrasound in combination with microbubbles can transiently increase permeability of desired cells or tissues and thereby facilitate gene transfer. This kind of ultrasound-driven transgene expression has gained increasing attention due to its deep tissue penetration and high spatiotemporal resolution. However, successful genetic manipulation in vivo with ultrasound need to well optimize various aspects involved in this process. Ultrasound parameters, microbubble dose, and gene vectors need to be optimized for highly increased transgene expression in the cells of interest. Conversely, the potential off-target transgene expression and toxicities need to be reduced by modification of gene vectors and/or promoter sequence. This review will discuss some major strategies for enhanced specificity of the ultrasound-mediated gene transfer in vivo. Five major strategies will be discussed, including the integration of real-time imaging methods, local injection, targeted microbubbles loaded with nucleic acids, stealth nanocarriers, and cell-specific promoter. The advantages and limitations of each strategy were outlined, hoping to provide a guideline for researchers in achieving high specific ultrasound-driven gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renfa Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, China
| | - Yunxue Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, China
| | - Shuai Qu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, China
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, China
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4
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Whitaker RD, Decano JL, Gormley C, Beigie CA, Meisel C, Tan GA, Moran AM, Giordano NJ, Park Y, Huang P, Andersson S, Gantz D, Grant AK, Ruiz-Opazo N, Herrera VL, Wong JY. Janus USPION modular platform (JUMP) for theranostic ultrasound-mediated targeted intratumoral microvascular imaging and DNA/miRNA delivery. Theranostics 2022; 12:7646-7667. [PMID: 36451861 PMCID: PMC9706579 DOI: 10.7150/thno.78454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: High mortality in pancreatic cancer (PDAC) and triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) highlight the need to capitalize on nanoscale-design advantages for multifunctional diagnostics and therapies. DNA/RNA-therapies can provide potential breakthroughs, however, to date, there is no FDA-approved systemic delivery system to solid tumors. Methods: Here, we report a Janus-nanoparticle (jNP)-system with modular targeting, payload-delivery, and targeted-imaging capabilities. Our jNP-system consists of 10 nm ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPION) with opposing antibody-targeting and DNA/RNA payload-protecting faces, directionally self-assembled with commercially available zwitterionic microbubbles (MBs) and DNA/RNA payloads. Results: Sonoporation of targeted jNP-payload-MBs delivers functional reporter-DNA imparting tumor-fluorescence, and micro-RNA126 reducing non-druggable KRAS in PDAC-Panc1 and TNBC-MB231 xenografted tumors. The targeting jNP-system enhances ultrasound-imaging of intra-tumoral microvasculature using less MBs/body weight (BW). The jNP-design enhances USPION's T2*-magnetic resonance (MR) and MR-imaging of PDAC-peritoneal metastases using less Fe/BW. Conclusion: Altogether, data advance the asymmetric jNP-design as a potential theranostic Janus-USPION Modular Platform - a JUMP forward.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julius L. Decano
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Catherine Gormley
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carl A. Beigie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cari Meisel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Glaiza A. Tan
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ann-Marie Moran
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Giordano
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoonjee Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peng Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sean Andersson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Systems Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donald Gantz
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron K. Grant
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nelson Ruiz-Opazo
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria L.M. Herrera
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joyce Y. Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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5
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Tu J, Yu ACH. Ultrasound-Mediated Drug Delivery: Sonoporation Mechanisms, Biophysics, and Critical Factors. BME FRONTIERS 2022; 2022:9807347. [PMID: 37850169 PMCID: PMC10521752 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9807347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sonoporation, or the use of ultrasound in the presence of cavitation nuclei to induce plasma membrane perforation, is well considered as an emerging physical approach to facilitate the delivery of drugs and genes to living cells. Nevertheless, this emerging drug delivery paradigm has not yet reached widespread clinical use, because the efficiency of sonoporation is often deemed to be mediocre due to the lack of detailed understanding of the pertinent scientific mechanisms. Here, we summarize the current observational evidence available on the notion of sonoporation, and we discuss the prevailing understanding of the physical and biological processes related to sonoporation. To facilitate systematic understanding, we also present how the extent of sonoporation is dependent on a multitude of factors related to acoustic excitation parameters (ultrasound frequency, pressure, cavitation dose, exposure time), microbubble parameters (size, concentration, bubble-to-cell distance, shell composition), and cellular properties (cell type, cell cycle, biochemical contents). By adopting a science-backed approach to the realization of sonoporation, ultrasound-mediated drug delivery can be more controllably achieved to viably enhance drug uptake into living cells with high sonoporation efficiency. This drug delivery approach, when coupled with concurrent advances in ultrasound imaging, has potential to become an effective therapeutic paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Alfred C. H. Yu
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Zhang N, Wang J, Foiret J, Dai Z, Ferrara KW. Synergies between therapeutic ultrasound, gene therapy and immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 178:113906. [PMID: 34333075 PMCID: PMC8556319 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Due to the ease of use and excellent safety profile, ultrasound is a promising technique for both diagnosis and site-specific therapy. Ultrasound-based techniques have been developed to enhance the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. In particular, transfection with exogenous nucleic acids has the potential to stimulate an immune response in the tumor microenvironment. Ultrasound-mediated gene transfection is a growing field, and recent work has incorporated this technique into cancer immunotherapy. Compared with other gene transfection methods, ultrasound-mediated gene transfection has a unique opportunity to augment the intracellular uptake of nucleic acids while safely and stably modulating the expression of immunostimulatory cytokines. The development and commercialization of therapeutic ultrasound systems further enhance the potential translation. In this Review, we introduce the underlying mechanisms and ongoing preclinical studies of ultrasound-based techniques in gene transfection for cancer immunotherapy. Furthermore, we expand on aspects of therapeutic ultrasound that impact gene therapy and immunotherapy, including tumor debulking, enhancing cytokines and chemokines and altering nanoparticle pharmacokinetics as these effects of ultrasound cannot be fully dissected from targeted gene therapy. We finally explore the outlook for this rapidly developing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - James Wang
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Josquin Foiret
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zhifei Dai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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7
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Wang Y, Cong H, Wang S, Yu B, Shen Y. Development and application of ultrasound contrast agents in biomedicine. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7633-7661. [PMID: 34586124 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00850a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the rapid development of molecular imaging, ultrasound (US) medicine has evolved from traditional imaging diagnosis to integrated diagnosis and treatment at the molecular level. Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) play a crucial role in the integration of US diagnosis and treatment. As the micro-bubbles (MBs) in UCAs can enhance the cavitation effect and promote the biological effect of US, UCAs have also been studied in the fields of US thrombolysis, mediated gene transfer, drug delivery, and high intensity focused US. The application range of UCAs is expanding, and the value of their applications is improving. This paper reviews the development and application of UCAs in biomedicine in recent years, and the existing problems and prospects are pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Building D, Science Park, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Building D, Science Park, Qingdao 266071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Song Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Building D, Science Park, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Building D, Science Park, Qingdao 266071, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Building D, Science Park, Qingdao 266071, China. .,Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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8
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Pepe GJ, Albrecht ED. Novel Technologies for Target Delivery of Therapeutics to the Placenta during Pregnancy: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1255. [PMID: 34440429 PMCID: PMC8392549 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine spiral artery remodeling is essential for placental perfusion and fetal growth and, when impaired, results in placental ischemia and pregnancy complications, e.g., fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, premature birth. Despite the high incidence of adverse pregnancies, current treatment options are limited. Accordingly, research has shifted to the development of gene therapy technologies that provide targeted delivery of "payloads" to the placenta while limiting maternal and fetal exposure. This review describes the current strategies, including placental targeting peptide-bound liposomes, nanoparticle or adenovirus constructs decorated with specific peptide sequences and placental gene promoters delivered via maternal IV injection, directly into the placenta or the uterine artery, as well as noninvasive site-selective targeting of regulating genes conjugated with microbubbles via contrast-enhanced ultrasound. The review also provides a perspective on the effectiveness of these technologies in various animal models and their practicability and potential use for targeted placental delivery of therapeutics and genes in adverse human pregnancies affected by placental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J. Pepe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
| | - Eugene D. Albrecht
- Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology/Reproductive Sciences and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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9
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Yang Y, Li Q, Guo X, Tu J, Zhang D. Mechanisms underlying sonoporation: Interaction between microbubbles and cells. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2020; 67:105096. [PMID: 32278246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2020.105096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The past several decades have witnessed great progress in "smart drug delivery", an advance technology that can deliver genes or drugs into specific locations of patients' body with enhanced delivery efficiency. Ultrasound-activated mechanical force induced by the interactions between microbubbles and cells, which can stimulate so-called "sonoporation" process, has been regarded as one of the most promising candidates to realize spatiotemporal-controllable drug delivery to selected regions. Both experimental and numerical studies were performed to get in-depth understanding on how the microbubbles interact with cells during sonoporation processes, under different impact parameters. The current work gives an overview of the general mechanism underlying microbubble-mediated sonoporation, and the possible impact factors (e.g., the properties of cavitation agents and cells, acoustical driving parameters and bubble/cell micro-environment) that could affect sonoporation outcomes. Finally, current progress and considerations of sonoporation in clinical applications are reviewed also.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanye Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Qunying Li
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xiasheng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Juan Tu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Dong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Acoustics (MOE), Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructure, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China; The State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 10080, China
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10
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Salih M, Ali SM, Jena N, Ananthasubramaniam K. Review of ultrasound contrast agents in current clinical practice with special focus on DEFINITY ® in cardiac imaging. Future Cardiol 2020; 17:197-214. [PMID: 32897099 DOI: 10.2217/fca-2020-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Echocardiography is the most widely used noninvasive modality to evaluate the structure and function of the cardiac muscle in daily practice. However, up to 15-20% of echocardiograms are considered suboptimal. To enable accurate assessment of cardiac function and wall motion abnormality, the use of ultrasound microbubble contrast has shown substantial benefits in cases of salvaging nondiagnostic studies and enhancing the diagnostic accuracy in daily practice. DEFINITY® is a perflutren based, lipid shelled microbubble contrast agent, which is US FDA approved for left ventricular opacification. The basis of ultrasound microbubbles, its development, and the clinical role of DEFINITY (characteristics, indications and case examples, side effect profile and existing evidence) is the subject of discussion in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salih
- Department of Medicine, St Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI 48341, USA
| | - Syed Musadiq Ali
- Department Of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Nihar Jena
- Department of Medicine, St Joseph Mercy Oakland Hospital, Pontiac, MI 48341, USA
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11
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Abstract
The use of contrast agents as signal enhancers during ultrasound improves visualization and the diagnostic utility of this technology in medical imaging. Although widely used in many disciplines, contrast ultrasound is not routinely implemented in obstetrics, largely due to safety concerns of administered agents for pregnant women and the limited number of studies that address this issue. Here the microbubble characteristics that make them beneficial for enhancement of the blood pool and the quantification of real-time imaging are reviewed. Literature from pregnant animal model studies and safety assessments are detailed, and the potential for contrast-enhanced ultrasound to provide clinically relevant data and benefit our understanding of early placental development and detection of placental dysfunction is discussed.
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12
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Muller MA, Xie A, Qi Y, Zhao Y, Ozawa K, Noble-Vranish M, Lindner JR. Regional and Conducted Vascular Effects of Endovascular Ultrasound Catheters. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:2361-2369. [PMID: 32522456 PMCID: PMC7720779 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Intra-vascular ultrasound catheters are used clinically to facilitate clot lysis. We hypothesized that these devices could also directly lower microvascular resistance and increase tissue perfusion through established shear-dependent pathways. In mice, either the proximal hind-limb muscles or the upstream femoral artery alone was exposed to an endovascular ultrasound catheter (2.3 MHz, 0.5-1.1 MPa) for 10 min. Quantitative microvascular perfusion imaging in the hind limbs exposed to the endovascular ultrasound system exhibited a more-than-twofold increase in flow (p < 0.01) compared with the contralateral control limb after exposure of either the muscle or the femoral artery alone. Using an in vivo optical imaging reporting system, an eight- to ninefold increase in tissue adenosine triphosphate (ATP) was detected in the region of insonification (p = 0.006). Ultrasound was found to produce an immediate release of ATP from ex vivo erythrocytes (p = 0.03). In situ electrochemical sensing revealed an immediate increase in nitric oxide with initiation of ultrasound which returned to baseline within 5 min of termination, as well as ultrasound-triggered nitric oxide (NO) release from erythrocytes. These data indicate that non-cavitating ultrasound produced by endovascular catheters can reduce vascular resistance and increase flow through recognized shear-dependent vasodilator pathways involving purinergic signaling and NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Muller
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Aris Xie
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yue Qi
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Yan Zhao
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Koya Ozawa
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jonathan R Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA; Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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13
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Chowdhury SM, Abou-Elkacem L, Lee T, Dahl J, Lutz AM. Ultrasound and microbubble mediated therapeutic delivery: Underlying mechanisms and future outlook. J Control Release 2020; 326:75-90. [PMID: 32554041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Beyond the emerging field of oncological ultrasound molecular imaging, the recent significant advancements in ultrasound and contrast agent technology have paved the way for therapeutic ultrasound mediated microbubble oscillation and has shown that this approach is capable of increasing the permeability of microvessel walls while also initiating enhanced extravasation and drug delivery into target tissues. In addition, a large number of preclinical studies have demonstrated that ultrasound alone or combined with microbubbles can efficiently increase cell membrane permeability resulting in enhanced tissue distribution and intracellular drug delivery of molecules, nanoparticles, and other therapeutic agents. The mechanism behind the enhanced permeability is the temporary creation of pores in cell membranes through a phenomenon called sonoporation by high-intensity ultrasound and microbubbles or cavitation agents. At low ultrasound intensities (0.3-3 W/cm2), sonoporation may be caused by microbubbles oscillating in a stable motion, also known as stable cavitation. In contrast, at higher ultrasound intensities (greater than 3 W/cm2), sonoporation usually occurs through inertial cavitation that accompanies explosive growth and collapse of the microbubbles. Sonoporation has been shown to be a highly effective method to improve drug uptake through microbubble potentiated enhancement of microvascular permeability. In this review, the therapeutic strategy of using ultrasound for improved drug delivery are summarized with the special focus on cancer therapy. Additionally, we discuss the progress, challenges, and future of ultrasound-mediated drug delivery towards clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayan Mullick Chowdhury
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lotfi Abou-Elkacem
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Taehwa Lee
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeremy Dahl
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amelie M Lutz
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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14
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Simpson CE, Chen JY, Damico RL, Hassoun PM, Martin LJ, Yang J, Nies M, Griffiths M, Vaidya RD, Brandal S, Pauciulo MW, Lutz KA, Coleman AW, Austin ED, Ivy DD, Nichols WC, Everett AD. Cellular sources of interleukin-6 and associations with clinical phenotypes and outcomes in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.01761-2019. [PMID: 32029443 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01761-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 has been associated with outcomes in small pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) cohorts composed largely of patients with severe idiopathic PAH (IPAH). It is unclear whether IL-6 is a marker of critical illness or a mechanistic biomarker of pulmonary vascular remodelling. We hypothesised that IL-6 is produced by pulmonary vascular cells and sought to explore IL-6 associations with phenotypes and outcomes across diverse subtypes in a large PAH cohort.IL-6 protein and gene expression levels were measured in cultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and endothelial cells (PAECs) from PAH patients and healthy controls. Serum IL-6 was measured in 2017 well-characterised PAH subjects representing each PAH subgroup. Relationships between IL-6 levels, clinical variables, and mortality were analysed using regression models.Significantly higher IL-6 protein and gene expression levels were produced by PASMCs than by PAECs in PAH (p<0.001), while there was no difference in IL-6 between cell types in controls. Serum IL-6 was highest in PAH related to portal hypertension and connective tissue diseases (CTD-PAH). In multivariable modelling, serum IL-6 was associated with survival in the overall cohort (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.08-1.38; p<0.01) and in IPAH, but not in CTD-PAH. IL-6 remained associated with survival in low-risk subgroups of subjects with mild disease.IL-6 is released from PASMCs, and circulating IL-6 is associated with specific clinical phenotypes and outcomes in various PAH subgroups, including subjects with less severe disease. IL-6 is a mechanistic biomarker, and thus a potential therapeutic target, in certain PAH subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine E Simpson
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Jenny Y Chen
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Rachel L Damico
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Paul M Hassoun
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lisa J Martin
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melanie Nies
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Megan Griffiths
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Dhananjay Vaidya
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephanie Brandal
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael W Pauciulo
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katie A Lutz
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anna W Coleman
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Eric D Austin
- Vanderbilt University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Pulmonary Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dunbar D Ivy
- Children's Hospital Colorado, Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Denver, CO, USA
| | - William C Nichols
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Allen D Everett
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Alleboina S, Ayalew D, Peravali R, Chen L, Wong T, Dokun AO. Dual specificity phosphatase 5 regulates perfusion recovery in experimental peripheral artery disease. Vasc Med 2019; 24:395-404. [PMID: 31451089 DOI: 10.1177/1358863x19866254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerotic occlusions of vessels outside the heart, particularly those of the lower extremities. Angiogenesis is one critical physiological response to vessel occlusion in PAD, but our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in angiogenesis is incomplete. Dual specificity phosphatase 5 (DUSP5) has been shown to play a key role in embryonic vascular development, but its role in post-ischemic angiogenesis is not known. We induced hind limb ischemia in mice and found robust upregulation of Dusp5 expression in ischemic hind limbs. Moreover, in vivo knockdown of Dusp5 resulted in impaired perfusion recovery in ischemic limbs and was associated with increased limb necrosis. In vitro studies showed upregulation of DUSP5 in human endothelial cells exposed to ischemia, and knockdown of DUSP5 in these ischemic endothelial cells resulted in impaired endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis, but did not alter apoptosis. Finally, we show that these effects of DUSP5 on post-ischemic angiogenesis are a result of DUSP5-dependent decrease in ERK1/2 phosphorylation and p21 protein expression. Thus, we have identified a role of DUSP5 in post-ischemic angiogenesis and implicated a DUSP5-ERK-p21 pathway that may serve as a therapeutic target for the modulation of post-ischemic angiogenesis in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana Alleboina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Health Sciences Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Dawit Ayalew
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Rahul Peravali
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Health Sciences Center, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Lingdan Chen
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas Wong
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Carver School of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ayotunde O Dokun
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Carver School of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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16
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Babischkin JS, Aberdeen GW, Lindner JR, Bonagura TW, Pepe GJ, Albrecht ED. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Delivery to Placental Basal Plate Promotes Uterine Artery Remodeling in the Primate. Endocrinology 2019; 160:1492-1505. [PMID: 31002314 PMCID: PMC6542484 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Extravillous trophoblast (EVT) uterine artery remodeling (UAR) promotes placental blood flow, but UAR regulation is unproven. Elevating estradiol (E2) in early baboon pregnancy suppressed UAR and EVT vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, but this did not prove that VEGF mediated this process. Therefore, our primate model of prematurely elevating E2 and contrast-enhanced ultrasound cavitation of microbubble (MB) carriers was used to deliver VEGF DNA to the placental basal plate (PBP) to establish the role of VEGF in UAR. Baboons were treated on days 25 to 59 of gestation (term, 184 days) with E2 alone or with E2 plus VEGF DNA-conjugated MBs briefly infused via a maternal peripheral vein on days 25, 35, 45, and 55. At each of these times an ultrasound beam was directed to the PBP to collapse the MBs and release VEGF DNA. VEGF DNA-labeled MBs per contrast agent was localized in the PBP but not the fetus. Remodeling of uterine arteries >25 µm in diameter on day 60 was 75% lower (P < 0.001) in E2-treated (7% ± 2%) than in untreated baboons (30% ± 4%) and was restored to normal by E2/VEGF. VEGF protein levels (signals/nuclear area) within the PBP were twofold lower (P < 0.01) in E2-treated (4.2 ± 0.9) than in untreated (9.8 ± 2.8) baboons and restored to normal by E2/VEGF (11.9 ± 1.6), substantiating VEGF transfection. Thus, VEGF gene delivery selectively to the PBP prevented the decrease in UAR elicited by prematurely elevating E2 levels, establishing the role of VEGF in regulating UAR in vivo during primate pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffery S Babischkin
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Graham W Aberdeen
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jonathan R Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | | | - Gerald J Pepe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Eugene D Albrecht
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence: Eugene D. Albrecht, PhD, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Laboratories 11-019, 655 West Baltimore Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21201. E-mail:
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17
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Xu J, Wang Y, Li Z, Wang Q, Zhou X, Wu W. Ultrasound-Targeted Microbubble Destruction (UTMD) Combined with Liposome Increases the Effectiveness of Suppressing Proliferation, Migration, Invasion, and Epithelial- Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) via Targeting Metadherin (MTDH) by ShRNA. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2640-2648. [PMID: 30969950 PMCID: PMC6474295 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reports show that ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) is a promising method of gene therapy, and metadherin (MTDH) is related to the development of breast cancer. Thus, we investigated the role of MTDH in breast cancer and compared the effect of suppressing MTDH by shRNA using liposome, UTMD, or the combination of these 2 methods. Material/Methods Graphing of survival curves of MTDH was analyzed by bioinformatics. UTMD was conducted using an ultrasonic therapeutic apparatus. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to measure cell viability. Migration and invasion rates were measured by wound healing test and Transwell invasion assay, respectively. The expression of MTDH, E-cadherin, metastasis-associated protein-1 (MTA-1), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9 were measured by Western blot and qPCR. Results The prognosis of breast cancer can be decreased by the high expression of MTDH, and elevated expression of MTDH was discovered in MCF-7, MCF-10A, and T47D cell lines. UTMD combined with liposome is most efficient in transfecting shRNA, clearly suppressing the expression of MTDH and thereby decreasing cell viability, migration, invasion rate, and epithelial- mesenchymal transition (EMT) processes in the MCF-7 cell line. Conclusions UTMD combined with liposome could be used as a more efficient way to transfect shRNA into cells to suppress the expression of MTDH and thus lead to the downregulation of proliferation, migration, and EMT processes of the MCF-7 cell line, showing the potential for use in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhangqiu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yeying Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhangqiu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhizheng Li
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhangqiu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Qiannan Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhangqiu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhangqiu People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Wenhai Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Zhangqiu Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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18
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Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a local dilatation of the abdominal aortic vessel wall and is among the most challenging cardiovascular diseases as without urgent surgical intervention, ruptured AAA has a mortality rate of >80%. Most patients present acutely after aneurysm rupture or dissection from a previously asymptomatic condition and are managed by either surgery or endovascular repair. Patients usually are old and have other concurrent diseases and conditions, such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia making surgical intervention more difficult. Collectively, these issues have driven the search for alternative methods of diagnosing, monitoring, and treating AAA using therapeutics and less invasive approaches. Noncoding RNAs-short noncoding RNAs (microRNAs) and long-noncoding RNAs-are emerging as new fundamental regulators of gene expression. Researchers and clinicians are aiming at targeting these microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs and exploit their potential as clinical biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for AAAs. While the role of miRNAs in AAA is established, studies on long-noncoding RNAs are only beginning to emerge, suggesting their important yet unexplored role in vascular physiology and disease. Here, we review the role of noncoding RNAs and their target genes focusing on their role in AAA. We also discuss the animal models used for mechanistic understanding of AAA. Furthermore, we discuss the potential role of microRNAs and long noncoding RNAs as clinical biomarkers and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Reinier A. Boon
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of
Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular
Sciences, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Frankfurt,
Germany
| | - Lars Maegdefessel
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm,
Sweden
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Technical
University Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Munich,
Germany
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute for Cardiovascular Regeneration, Center of
Molecular Medicine, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research DZHK, Frankfurt,
Germany
- Corresponding authors: Hanjoong Jo, PhD, John and Jan Portman
Professor, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory
University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA
30322, , Stefanie Dimmeler, PhD, Institute for
Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany,
| | - Hanjoong Jo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,
USA
- Corresponding authors: Hanjoong Jo, PhD, John and Jan Portman
Professor, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory
University and Georgia Institute of Technology, 1760 Haygood Drive, Atlanta, GA
30322, , Stefanie Dimmeler, PhD, Institute for
Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre of Molecular Medicine, Goethe University
Frankfurt, Theodor Stern Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany,
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19
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Shentu WH, Yan CX, Liu CM, Qi RX, Wang Y, Huang ZX, Zhou LM, You XD. Use of cationic microbubbles targeted to P-selectin to improve ultrasound-mediated gene transfection of hVEGF 165 to the ischemic myocardium. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2019; 19:699-707. [PMID: 30178636 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1700298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapies have been applied to the treatment of cardiovascular disease, but their use is limited by the need to deliver them to the right target. We have employed targeted contrast ultrasound-mediated gene transfection (TCUMGT) via ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD) to transfer therapeutic genes to specific anatomic and pathological targets. Phospholipid microbubbles (MBs) with pcDNA3.1-human vascular endothelial growth factor 165 (pcDNA3.1-hVEGF165) plasmids targeted to P-selectin (MB+P+VEGFp) were created by conjugating monoclonal antibodies against P-selectin to the lipid shell. These microbubbles were divided into four groups: microbubble only (MB), microbubble+P-selectin (MB+P), microbubble+pcDNA3.1-hVEGF165 plasmid (MB+VEGFp), and microbubble+ P-selectin+pcDNA3.1-hVEGF165 plasmid (MB+P+VEGFp). The reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that the VEGF gene was successfully transfected by TCUMGT and the efficiency is increased with P-selectin targeting moiety. UTMD-mediated delivery of VEGF increased myocardial vascular density and improved cardiac function, and MB+P+VEGFp delivery showed greater improvement than MB+VEGFp. This study drew support from TCUGMT technology and took advantage of targeted ultrasound contrast agent to identify ischemic myocardium, release pcDNA3.1-hVEGF165 recombinant plasmid, and improve the myocardial microenvironment, so promoting the restoration of myocardial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hui Shentu
- Department of Ultrasonography, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Cao-Xin Yan
- Department of Ultrasonography, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Chun-Mei Liu
- Department of Ultrasonography, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Rui-Xiang Qi
- Department of Ultrasonography, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Ultrasonography, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Zhao-Xu Huang
- Department of Ultrasonography, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonography, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Xiang-Dong You
- Department of Ultrasonography, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
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20
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Alford A, Tucker B, Kozlovskaya V, Chen J, Gupta N, Caviedes R, Gearhart J, Graves D, Kharlampieva E. Encapsulation and Ultrasound-Triggered Release of G-Quadruplex DNA in Multilayer Hydrogel Microcapsules. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1342. [PMID: 30961267 PMCID: PMC6401949 DOI: 10.3390/polym10121342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics have the potential to be the most effective disease treatment strategy due to their intrinsic precision and selectivity for coding highly specific biological processes. However, freely administered nucleic acids of any type are quickly destroyed or rendered inert by a host of defense mechanisms in the body. In this work, we address the challenge of using nucleic acids as drugs by preparing stimuli responsive poly(methacrylic acid)/poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PMAA/PVPON)n multilayer hydrogel capsules loaded with ~7 kDa G-quadruplex DNA. The capsules are shown to release their DNA cargo on demand in response to both enzymatic and ultrasound (US)-triggered degradation. The unique structure adopted by the G-quadruplex is essential to its biological function and we show that the controlled release from the microcapsules preserves the basket conformation of the oligonucleotide used in our studies. We also show that the (PMAA/PVPON) multilayer hydrogel capsules can encapsulate and release ~450 kDa double stranded DNA. The encapsulation and release approaches for both oligonucleotides in multilayer hydrogel microcapsules developed here can be applied to create methodologies for new therapeutic strategies involving the controlled delivery of sensitive biomolecules. Our study provides a promising methodology for the design of effective carriers for DNA vaccines and medicines for a wide range of immunotherapies, cancer therapy and/or tissue regeneration therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Alford
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Brenna Tucker
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Veronika Kozlovskaya
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Nirzari Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Racquel Caviedes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Jenna Gearhart
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - David Graves
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Eugenia Kharlampieva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
- Center of Nanoscale Materials and Biointegration, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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21
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Skachkov I, Luan Y, van Tiel ST, van der Steen AFW, de Jong N, Bernsen MR, Kooiman K. SPIO labeling of endothelial cells using ultrasound and targeted microbubbles at diagnostic pressures. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204354. [PMID: 30235336 PMCID: PMC6147550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo cell tracking of therapeutic, tumor, and endothelial cells is an emerging field and a promising technique for imaging cardiovascular disease and cancer development. Site-specific labeling of endothelial cells with the MRI contrast agent superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) in the absence of toxic agents is challenging. Therefore, the aim of this in vitro study was to find optimal parameters for efficient and safe SPIO-labeling of endothelial cells using ultrasound-activated CD31-targeted microbubbles for future MRI tracking. Ultrasound at a frequency of 1 MHz (10,000 cycles, repetition rate of 20 Hz) was used for varying applied peak negative pressures (10–160 kPa, i.e. low mechanical index (MI) of 0.01–0.16), treatment durations (0–30 s), time of SPIO addition (-5 min– 15 min with respect to the start of the ultrasound), and incubation time after SPIO addition (5 min– 3 h). Iron specific Prussian Blue staining in combination with calcein-AM based cell viability assays were applied to define the most efficient and safe conditions for SPIO-labeling. Optimal SPIO labeling was observed when the ultrasound parameters were 40 kPa peak negative pressure (MI 0.04), applied for 30 s just before SPIO addition (0 min). Compared to the control, this resulted in an approximate 12 times increase of SPIO uptake in endothelial cells in vitro with 85% cell viability. Therefore, ultrasound-activated targeted ultrasound contrast agents show great potential for effective and safe labeling of endothelial cells with SPIO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Skachkov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ying Luan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sandra T. van Tiel
- Department of Radiology & Nucleair Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Antonius F. W. van der Steen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Nico de Jong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Laboratory of Acoustical Wavefield Imaging, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Monique R. Bernsen
- Department of Radiology & Nucleair Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Klazina Kooiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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22
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Wu M, Zhao H, Guo L, Wang Y, Song J, Zhao X, Li C, Hao L, Wang D, Tang J. Ultrasound-mediated nanobubble destruction (UMND) facilitates the delivery of A10-3.2 aptamer targeted and siRNA-loaded cationic nanobubbles for therapy of prostate cancer. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:226-240. [PMID: 29313393 PMCID: PMC6058493 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1422300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The Forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) transcription factor is an important anti-tumor target. A novel targeted ultrasound (US)-sensitive nanobubble that is likely to make use of the physical energy of US exposure for the improvement of delivery efficacy to target tumors and specifically silence FoxM1 expression appears as among the most potential nanocarriers in respect of drug delivery. In this study, we synthesized a promising anti-tumor targeted FoxM1 siRNA-loaded cationic nanobubbles (CNBs) conjugated with an A10-3.2 aptamer (siFoxM1-Apt-CNBs), which demonstrate high specificity when binding to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) positive LNCaP cells. Uniform nanoscaled siFoxM1-Apt-CNBs were developed using a thin-film hydration sonication, carbodiimide chemistry approaches, and electrostatic adsorption methods. Fluorescence imaging as well as flow cytometry evidenced the fact that the siFoxM1-Apt-CNBs were productively developed and that they specifically bound to PSMA-positive LNCaP cells. siFoxM1-Apt-CNBs combined with ultrasound-mediated nanobubble destruction (UMND) significantly improved transfection efficiency, cell apoptosis, and cell cycle arrest in vitro while reducing FoxM1 expression. In vivo xenografts tumors in nude-mouse model results showed that siFoxM1-Apt-CNBs combined with UMND led to significant inhibition of tumor growth and prolonged the survival of the mice, with low toxicity, an obvious reduction in FoxM1 expression, and a higher apoptosis index. Our study suggests that siFoxM1-Apt-CNBs combined with UMND might be a promising targeted gene delivery strategy for therapy of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wu
- a Department of Ultrasound , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China.,b School of Medicine , Nankai University , Tianjin , China
| | - Hongyun Zhao
- c Department of Gastroenterology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging , Chongqing , China
| | - Liang Guo
- a Department of Ultrasound , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Yiru Wang
- a Department of Ultrasound , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
| | - Jiao Song
- d Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xueli Zhao
- e Ultrasound Department , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China
| | - Chongyan Li
- f State Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Engineering in Medicine Co-Founded by Chongqing and the Ministry of Science and Technology , Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Lan Hao
- g Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging , The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Dong Wang
- h Department of Ultrasound , The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jie Tang
- a Department of Ultrasound , Chinese PLA General Hospital , Beijing , China
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23
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Porter TR, Mulvagh SL, Abdelmoneim SS, Becher H, Belcik JT, Bierig M, Choy J, Gaibazzi N, Gillam LD, Janardhanan R, Kutty S, Leong-Poi H, Lindner JR, Main ML, Mathias W, Park MM, Senior R, Villanueva F. Clinical Applications of Ultrasonic Enhancing Agents in Echocardiography: 2018 American Society of Echocardiography Guidelines Update. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2018; 31:241-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Qin P, Han T, Yu ACH, Xu L. Mechanistic understanding the bioeffects of ultrasound-driven microbubbles to enhance macromolecule delivery. J Control Release 2018; 272:169-181. [PMID: 29305924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound-driven microbubbles can trigger reversible membrane perforation (sonoporation), open interendothelial junctions and stimulate endocytosis, thereby providing a temporary and reversible time-window for the delivery of macromolecules across biological membranes and endothelial barriers. This time-window is related not only to cavitation events, but also to biological regulatory mechanisms. Mechanistic understanding of the interaction between cavitation events and cells and tissues, as well as the subsequent cellular and molecular responses will lead to new design strategies with improved efficacy and minimized side effects. Recent important progress on the spatiotemporal characteristics of sonoporation, cavitation-induced interendothelial gap and endocytosis, and the spatiotemporal bioeffects and the preliminary biological mechanisms in cavitation-enhanced permeability, has been made. On the basis of the summary of this research progress, this Review outlines the underlying bioeffects and the related biological regulatory mechanisms involved in cavitation-enhanced permeability; provides a critical commentary on the future tasks and directions in this field, including developing a standardized methodology to reveal mechanism-based bioeffects in depth, and designing biology-based treatment strategies to improve efficacy and safety. Such mechanistic understanding the bioeffects that contribute to cavitation-enhanced delivery will accelerate the translation of this approach to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Qin
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Alfred C H Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Lin Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Cellular Uptake of Plain and SPION-Modified Microbubbles for Potential Use in Molecular Imaging. Cell Mol Bioeng 2017; 10:537-548. [PMID: 29151981 PMCID: PMC5662700 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-017-0504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Both diagnostic ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accuracy can be improved by using contrast enhancement. For US gas-filled microbubbles (MBs) or silica nanoparticles (SiNPs), and for MRI superparamagnetic or paramagnetic agents, contribute to this. However, interactions of MBs with the vascular wall and cells are not fully known for all contrast media. Methods We studied the in vitro interactions between three types of non-targeted air-filled MBs with a polyvinyl-alcohol shell and murine macrophages or endothelial cells. The three MB types were plain MBs and two types that were labelled (internally and externally) with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) for US/MRI bimodality. Cells were incubated with MBs and imaged by microscopy to evaluate uptake and adhesion. Interactions were quantified and the MB internalization was confirmed by fluorescence quenching of non-internalized MBs. Results Macrophages internalized each MB type within different time frames: plain MBs 6 h, externally labelled MBs 25 min and internally labelled MBs 2 h. An average of 0.14 externally labelled MBs per cell were internalized after 30 min and 1.34 after 2 h; which was 113% more MBs than the number of internalized internally labelled MBs. The macrophages engulfed these three differently modified new MBs at various rate, whereas endothelial cells did not engulf MBs. Conclusions Polyvinyl-alcohol MBs are not taken up by endothelial cells. The MB uptake by macrophages is promoted by SPION labelling, in particular external such, which may be important for macrophage targeting.
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Zhou Q, Deng Q, Hu B, Wang YJ, Chen JL, Cui JJ, Cao S, Song HN. Ultrasound combined with targeted cationic microbubble-mediated angiogenesis gene transfection improves ischemic heart function. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:2293-2303. [PMID: 28565841 PMCID: PMC5443262 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to construct targeted cationic microbubbles (TCMBs) by synthesizing cationic microbubbles conjugated to an intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) antibody, and then to use the TCMBs to deliver the angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) gene into infarcted heart tissue using ultrasound-mediated microbubble destruction. It was hypothesized that the TCMBs would accumulate in higher numbers than non-targeted cationic microbubbles (CMBs) in the infarcted heart, and would therefore increase the efficiency of targeted Ang-1 gene transfection and promote angiogenesis. The results of the study demonstrated that the ability of TCMBs to target inflammatory endothelial cells was 18.4-fold higher than that of the CMBs in vitro. The accumulation of TCMBs was greater than that of CMBs in TNF-α-stimulated human umbilical cord veins, indicated by a 212% higher acoustic intensity. In vivo, the TCMBs specifically accumulated in the myocardial infarct area in a rabbit model. Three days after ultrasound microbubble-mediated gene transfection, Ang-1 protein expression in the TCMB group was 2.7-fold higher than that of the CMB group. Angiogenesis, the thickness of the infarct region and the heart function of the TCMB group were all significantly improved compared with those in the CMB and control groups at 4 weeks following gene transfection (all P<0.01). Therefore, the results of the current study demonstrate that ultrasound-mediated TCMB destruction effectively delivered the Ang-1 gene to the infarcted myocardium, resulting in improved cardiac morphology and function in the animal model. Ultrasound-mediated TCMB destruction is a promising strategy for improving gene therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Qing Deng
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Jia Wang
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Ling Chen
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Cui
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Cao
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Ning Song
- Department of Ultrasound Imaging, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Belcik JT, Davidson BP, Xie A, Wu MD, Yadava M, Qi Y, Liang S, Chon CR, Ammi AY, Field J, Harmann L, Chilian WM, Linden J, Lindner JR. Augmentation of Muscle Blood Flow by Ultrasound Cavitation Is Mediated by ATP and Purinergic Signaling. Circulation 2017; 135:1240-1252. [PMID: 28174191 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.116.024826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Augmentation of tissue blood flow by therapeutic ultrasound is thought to rely on convective shear. Microbubble contrast agents that undergo ultrasound-mediated cavitation markedly amplify these effects. We hypothesized that purinergic signaling is responsible for shear-dependent increases in muscle perfusion during therapeutic cavitation. METHODS Unilateral exposure of the proximal hindlimb of mice (with or without ischemia produced by iliac ligation) to therapeutic ultrasound (1.3 MHz, mechanical index 1.3) was performed for 10 minutes after intravenous injection of 2×108 lipid microbubbles. Microvascular perfusion was evaluated by low-power contrast ultrasound perfusion imaging. In vivo muscle ATP release and in vitro ATP release from endothelial cells or erythrocytes were assessed by a luciferin-luciferase assay. Purinergic signaling pathways were assessed by studying interventions that (1) accelerated ATP degradation; (2) inhibited P2Y receptors, adenosine receptors, or KATP channels; or (3) inhibited downstream signaling pathways involving endothelial nitric oxide synthase or prostanoid production (indomethacin). Augmentation in muscle perfusion by ultrasound cavitation was assessed in a proof-of-concept clinical trial in 12 subjects with stable sickle cell disease. RESULTS Therapeutic ultrasound cavitation increased muscle perfusion by 7-fold in normal mice, reversed tissue ischemia for up to 24 hours in the murine model of peripheral artery disease, and doubled muscle perfusion in patients with sickle cell disease. Augmentation in flow extended well beyond the region of ultrasound exposure. Ultrasound cavitation produced an ≈40-fold focal and sustained increase in ATP, the source of which included both endothelial cells and erythrocytes. Inhibitory studies indicated that ATP was a critical mediator of flow augmentation that acts primarily through either P2Y receptors or adenosine produced by ectonucleotidase activity. Combined indomethacin and inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase abolished the effects of therapeutic ultrasound, indicating downstream signaling through both nitric oxide and prostaglandins. CONCLUSIONS Therapeutic ultrasound using microbubble cavitation to increase muscle perfusion relies on shear-dependent increases in ATP, which can act through a diverse portfolio of purinergic signaling pathways. These events can reverse hindlimb ischemia in mice for >24 hours and increase muscle blood flow in patients with sickle cell disease. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01566890.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Todd Belcik
- From Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.T.B., B.P.D., A.X., M.Y., Y.Q., S.L., C.R.C., A.Y.A., J.R.L.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.F., L.H.); Blood Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (J.F., L.H.); Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown (W.M.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, Division of Development Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego (J.L.)
| | - Brian P Davidson
- From Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.T.B., B.P.D., A.X., M.Y., Y.Q., S.L., C.R.C., A.Y.A., J.R.L.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.F., L.H.); Blood Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (J.F., L.H.); Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown (W.M.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, Division of Development Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego (J.L.)
| | - Aris Xie
- From Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.T.B., B.P.D., A.X., M.Y., Y.Q., S.L., C.R.C., A.Y.A., J.R.L.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.F., L.H.); Blood Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (J.F., L.H.); Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown (W.M.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, Division of Development Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego (J.L.)
| | - Melinda D Wu
- From Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.T.B., B.P.D., A.X., M.Y., Y.Q., S.L., C.R.C., A.Y.A., J.R.L.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.F., L.H.); Blood Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (J.F., L.H.); Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown (W.M.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, Division of Development Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego (J.L.)
| | - Mrinal Yadava
- From Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.T.B., B.P.D., A.X., M.Y., Y.Q., S.L., C.R.C., A.Y.A., J.R.L.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.F., L.H.); Blood Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (J.F., L.H.); Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown (W.M.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, Division of Development Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego (J.L.)
| | - Yue Qi
- From Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.T.B., B.P.D., A.X., M.Y., Y.Q., S.L., C.R.C., A.Y.A., J.R.L.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.F., L.H.); Blood Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (J.F., L.H.); Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown (W.M.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, Division of Development Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego (J.L.)
| | - Sherry Liang
- From Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.T.B., B.P.D., A.X., M.Y., Y.Q., S.L., C.R.C., A.Y.A., J.R.L.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.F., L.H.); Blood Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (J.F., L.H.); Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown (W.M.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, Division of Development Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego (J.L.)
| | - Chae Ryung Chon
- From Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.T.B., B.P.D., A.X., M.Y., Y.Q., S.L., C.R.C., A.Y.A., J.R.L.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.F., L.H.); Blood Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (J.F., L.H.); Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown (W.M.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, Division of Development Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego (J.L.)
| | - Azzdine Y Ammi
- From Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.T.B., B.P.D., A.X., M.Y., Y.Q., S.L., C.R.C., A.Y.A., J.R.L.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.F., L.H.); Blood Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (J.F., L.H.); Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown (W.M.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, Division of Development Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego (J.L.)
| | - Joshua Field
- From Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.T.B., B.P.D., A.X., M.Y., Y.Q., S.L., C.R.C., A.Y.A., J.R.L.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.F., L.H.); Blood Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (J.F., L.H.); Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown (W.M.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, Division of Development Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego (J.L.)
| | - Leanne Harmann
- From Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.T.B., B.P.D., A.X., M.Y., Y.Q., S.L., C.R.C., A.Y.A., J.R.L.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.F., L.H.); Blood Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (J.F., L.H.); Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown (W.M.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, Division of Development Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego (J.L.)
| | - William M Chilian
- From Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.T.B., B.P.D., A.X., M.Y., Y.Q., S.L., C.R.C., A.Y.A., J.R.L.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.F., L.H.); Blood Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (J.F., L.H.); Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown (W.M.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, Division of Development Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego (J.L.)
| | - Joel Linden
- From Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.T.B., B.P.D., A.X., M.Y., Y.Q., S.L., C.R.C., A.Y.A., J.R.L.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.F., L.H.); Blood Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (J.F., L.H.); Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown (W.M.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, Division of Development Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego (J.L.)
| | - Jonathan R Lindner
- From Knight Cardiovascular Institute (J.T.B., B.P.D., A.X., M.Y., Y.Q., S.L., C.R.C., A.Y.A., J.R.L.), and Oregon National Primate Research Center (J.R.L.), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland; Doernbecher Children's Hospital, Portland, OR; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (J.F., L.H.); Blood Center of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (J.F., L.H.); Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown (W.M.C.); and Department of Pharmacology, Division of Development Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, University of California San Diego (J.L.).
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Sennoga CA, Kanbar E, Auboire L, Dujardin PA, Fouan D, Escoffre JM, Bouakaz A. Microbubble-mediated ultrasound drug-delivery and therapeutic monitoring. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:1031-1043. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1266328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Sennoga
- UMR Imagerie et Cerveau, Inserm U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Emma Kanbar
- UMR Imagerie et Cerveau, Inserm U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Laurent Auboire
- UMR Imagerie et Cerveau, Inserm U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | | | - Damien Fouan
- UMR Imagerie et Cerveau, Inserm U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Michel Escoffre
- UMR Imagerie et Cerveau, Inserm U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Ayache Bouakaz
- UMR Imagerie et Cerveau, Inserm U930, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
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van Rooij T, Skachkov I, Beekers I, Lattwein KR, Voorneveld JD, Kokhuis TJ, Bera D, Luan Y, van der Steen AF, de Jong N, Kooiman K. Viability of endothelial cells after ultrasound-mediated sonoporation: Influence of targeting, oscillation, and displacement of microbubbles. J Control Release 2016; 238:197-211. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Porter TR, Xie F. Therapeutic Uses of Contrast Microbubbles. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-016-9386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lee WY, Li N, Lin S, Wang B, Lan HY, Li G. miRNA-29b improves bone healing in mouse fracture model. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 430:97-107. [PMID: 27113026 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A number of miRNAs regulates bone remodeling and their levels in circulation were associated with bone fracture, however no miRNAs have yet been shown to improve fracture healing directly. This study aimed to investigate the effect of miR-29b-3p on mice femoral fracture healing through site-specific delivery with microbubble-ultrasound system. miR-29b-3p promoted osteogenesis of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells as indicated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and Alizarin red S staining. Animal study showed that single injection of miR-29b-3p at week 2 post fracture improved healing outcome as indicated by significant decrease of callus width and area with radiographic analysis without causing significant weight loss. Static bone histomorphometry analysis showed that miR-29b-3p increased bone volume fraction (BV/TV), and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) measurement showed increased BV/TV of high density bone and bone mineral density (BMD) of the callus. 3 point bending mechanical test showed improved relative stiffness. However, repeated injection of miR-29b-3p at weeks 2 and 3 did not result in additive therapeutic outcome, and caused increased total tissue volume and reduced BMD of the callus. This is the first report showing significant therapeutic effect of miR-29b-3p on femoral fracture healing through site-specific delivery with microbubble-ultrasound system. Further studies are warranted to investigate the underlying mechanisms and to refine the treatment protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Y Lee
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; SMART Program, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Nan Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sien Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; SMART Program, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; SMART Program, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Y Lan
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; SMART Program, Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Xie A, Wu MD, Cigarroa G, Belcik JT, Ammi A, Moccetti F, Lindner JR. Influence of DNA-Microbubble Coupling on Contrast Ultrasound-Mediated Gene Transfection in Muscle and Liver. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2016; 29:812-818. [PMID: 27267307 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2016.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrast ultrasound-mediated gene delivery (CUMGD) is a promising approach for enhancing gene therapy that relies on microbubble (MB) cavitation to augment complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) transfection. The aims of this study were to determine optimal conditions for charge-coupling cDNA to MBs and to evaluate the advantages of surface loading for gene transfection in muscle and liver. METHODS Charge coupling of fluorescently labeled cDNA to either neutral MBs (MBN) or cationic MBs (MB+) in low- to high-ionic conditions (0.3%-1.8% NaCl) was assessed by flow cytometry. MB aggregation from cDNA coupling was determined by electrozone sensing. Tissue transfection of luciferase in murine hindlimb skeletal muscle and liver was made by CUMGD with MBN or MB+ combined with subsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated cDNA concentrations (2.5, 50, and 200 μg/10(8) MBs). RESULTS Charge-coupling of cDNA was detected for MB+ but not MBN. Coupling occurred over almost the entire range of ionic conditions, with a peak at 1.2% NaCl, although electrostatic interference occurred at >1.5% NaCl. DNA-mediated aggregation of MB+ was observed at ≤0.6% NaCl but did not reduce the ability to produce inertial cavitation. Transfection with CUMGD in muscle and liver was low for both MBs at subsaturation concentrations. In muscle, higher cDNA concentrations produced a 10-fold higher degree of transfection with MB+, which was approximately fivefold higher (P < .05) than that for MBN. There was no effect of DNA supersaturation. The same pattern was seen for liver except that supersaturation further increased transfection with MBN equal to that of MB+. CONCLUSIONS Efficient charge-coupling of cDNA to MB+ but not MBN occurs over a relatively wide range of ionic conditions without aggregation. Transfection with CUMGD is much more efficient with charge-coupling of cDNA to MBs and is not affected by supersaturation except in the liver, which is specialized for macromolecular and cDNA uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris Xie
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Melinda D Wu
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Gabriella Cigarroa
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - J Todd Belcik
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Azzdine Ammi
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Federico Moccetti
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - Jonathan R Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon.
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Roberts VH, Lo JO, Salati JA, Lewandowski KS, Lindner JR, Morgan TK, Frias AE. Quantitative assessment of placental perfusion by contrast-enhanced ultrasound in macaques and human subjects. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214:369.e1-8. [PMID: 26928151 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uteroplacental vascular supply is a critical determinant of placental function and fetal growth. Current methods for the in vivo assessment of placental blood flow are limited. OBJECTIVE We demonstrate the feasibility of the use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging to visualize and quantify perfusion kinetics in the intervillous space of the primate placenta. STUDY DESIGN Pregnant Japanese macaques were studied at mid second trimester and in the early third trimester. Markers of injury were assessed in placenta samples from animals with or without contrast-enhanced ultrasound exposure (n = 6/group). Human subjects were recruited immediately before scheduled first-trimester pregnancy termination. All studies were performed with maternal intravenous infusion of lipid-shelled octofluoropropane microbubbles with image acquisition with a multipulse contrast-specific algorithm with destruction-replenishment analysis of signal intensity for assessment of perfusion. RESULTS In macaques, the rate of perfusion in the intervillous space was increased with advancing gestation. No evidence of microvascular hemorrhage or acute inflammation was found in placental villous tissue and expression levels of caspase-3, nitrotyrosine and heat shock protein 70 as markers of apoptosis, nitrative, and oxidative stress, respectively, were unchanged by contrast-enhanced ultrasound exposure. In humans, placental perfusion was visualized at 11 weeks gestation, and preliminary data reveal regional differences in intervillous space perfusion within an individual placenta. By electron microscopy, we demonstrate no evidence of ultrastructure damage to the microvilli on the syncytiotrophoblast after first-trimester ultrasound studies. CONCLUSIONS Use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound did not result in placental structural damage and was able to identify intervillous space perfusion rate differences within a placenta. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging may offer a safe clinical tool for the identification of pregnancies that are at risk for vascular insufficiency; early recognition may facilitate intervention and improved pregnancy outcomes.
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Microbubbles and Ultrasound: Therapeutic Applications in Diabetic Nephropathy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 880:309-30. [PMID: 26486345 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-22536-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) remains one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease. Current therapeutic strategies aiming at optimization of serum glucose and blood pressure are beneficial in early stage DN, but are unable to fully prevent disease progression. With the limitations of current medical therapies and the shortage of available donor organs for kidney transplantation, the need for novel therapies to address DN complications and prevent progression towards end-stage renal failure is crucial. The development of ultrasound technology for non-invasive and targeted in-vivo gene delivery using high power ultrasound and carrier microbubbles offers great therapeutic potential for the prevention and treatment of DN. The promising results from preclinical studies of ultrasound-mediated gene delivery (UMGD) in several DN animal models suggest that UMGD offers a unique, non-invasive platform for gene- and cell-based therapies targeted against DN with strong clinical translation potential.
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Ja'afar F, Leow CH, Garbin V, Sennoga CA, Tang MX, Seddon JM. Surface Charge Measurement of SonoVue, Definity and Optison: A Comparison of Laser Doppler Electrophoresis and Micro-Electrophoresis. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:2990-3000. [PMID: 26318559 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Microbubble (MB) contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is a promising tool for targeted molecular imaging. It is important to determine the MB surface charge accurately as it affects the MB interactions with cell membranes. In this article, we report the surface charge measurement of SonoVue, Definity and Optison. We compare the performance of the widely used laser Doppler electrophoresis with an in-house micro-electrophoresis system. By optically tracking MB electrophoretic velocity in a microchannel, we determined the zeta potentials of MB samples. Using micro-electrophoresis, we obtained zeta potential values for SonoVue, Definity and Optison of -28.3, -4.2 and -9.5 mV, with relative standard deviations of 5%, 48% and 8%, respectively. In comparison, laser Doppler electrophoresis gave -8.7, +0.7 and +15.8 mV with relative standard deviations of 330%, 29,000% and 130%, respectively. We found that the reliability of laser Doppler electrophoresis is compromised by MB buoyancy. Micro-electrophoresis determined zeta potential values with a 10-fold improvement in relative standard deviation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chee Hau Leow
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Valeria Garbin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Charles A Sennoga
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Meng-Xing Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - John M Seddon
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Belcik JT, Mott BH, Xie A, Zhao Y, Kim S, Lindner NJ, Ammi A, Linden JM, Lindner JR. Augmentation of limb perfusion and reversal of tissue ischemia produced by ultrasound-mediated microbubble cavitation. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2015; 8:CIRCIMAGING.114.002979. [PMID: 25834183 DOI: 10.1161/circimaging.114.002979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrasound can increase tissue blood flow, in part, through the intravascular shear produced by oscillatory pressure fluctuations. We hypothesized that ultrasound-mediated increases in perfusion can be augmented by microbubble contrast agents that undergo ultrasound-mediated cavitation and sought to characterize the biological mediators. METHODS AND RESULTS Contrast ultrasound perfusion imaging of hindlimb skeletal muscle and femoral artery diameter measurement were performed in nonischemic mice after unilateral 10-minute exposure to intermittent ultrasound alone (mechanical index, 0.6 or 1.3) or ultrasound with lipid microbubbles (2×10(8) IV). Studies were also performed after inhibiting shear- or pressure-dependent vasodilator pathways, and in mice with hindlimb ischemia. Ultrasound alone produced a 2-fold increase (P<0.05) in muscle perfusion regardless of ultrasound power. Ultrasound-mediated augmentation in flow was greater with microbubbles (3- and 10-fold higher than control for mechanical index 0.6 and 1.3, respectively; P<0.05), as was femoral artery dilation. Inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase attenuated flow augmentation produced by ultrasound and microbubbles by 70% (P<0.01), whereas inhibition of adenosine-A2a receptors and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids had minimal effect. Limb nitric oxide production and muscle phospho-endothelial nitric oxide synthase increased in a stepwise fashion by ultrasound and ultrasound with microbubbles. In mice with unilateral hindlimb ischemia (40%-50% reduction in flow), ultrasound (mechanical index, 1.3) with microbubbles increased perfusion by 2-fold to a degree that was greater than the control nonischemic limb. CONCLUSIONS Increases in muscle blood flow during high-power ultrasound are markedly amplified by the intravascular presence of microbubbles and can reverse tissue ischemia. These effects are most likely mediated by cavitation-related increases in shear and activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Todd Belcik
- From the Knight Cardiovascular Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (J.T.B., B.H.M., A.X., Y.Z., S.K., N.J.L., A.A., J.R.L.); and La Jolla Immunology and Allergy Institute, CA (J.M.L.)
| | - Brian H Mott
- From the Knight Cardiovascular Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (J.T.B., B.H.M., A.X., Y.Z., S.K., N.J.L., A.A., J.R.L.); and La Jolla Immunology and Allergy Institute, CA (J.M.L.)
| | - Aris Xie
- From the Knight Cardiovascular Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (J.T.B., B.H.M., A.X., Y.Z., S.K., N.J.L., A.A., J.R.L.); and La Jolla Immunology and Allergy Institute, CA (J.M.L.)
| | - Yan Zhao
- From the Knight Cardiovascular Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (J.T.B., B.H.M., A.X., Y.Z., S.K., N.J.L., A.A., J.R.L.); and La Jolla Immunology and Allergy Institute, CA (J.M.L.)
| | - Sajeevani Kim
- From the Knight Cardiovascular Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (J.T.B., B.H.M., A.X., Y.Z., S.K., N.J.L., A.A., J.R.L.); and La Jolla Immunology and Allergy Institute, CA (J.M.L.)
| | - Nathan J Lindner
- From the Knight Cardiovascular Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (J.T.B., B.H.M., A.X., Y.Z., S.K., N.J.L., A.A., J.R.L.); and La Jolla Immunology and Allergy Institute, CA (J.M.L.)
| | - Azzdine Ammi
- From the Knight Cardiovascular Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (J.T.B., B.H.M., A.X., Y.Z., S.K., N.J.L., A.A., J.R.L.); and La Jolla Immunology and Allergy Institute, CA (J.M.L.)
| | - Joel M Linden
- From the Knight Cardiovascular Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (J.T.B., B.H.M., A.X., Y.Z., S.K., N.J.L., A.A., J.R.L.); and La Jolla Immunology and Allergy Institute, CA (J.M.L.)
| | - Jonathan R Lindner
- From the Knight Cardiovascular Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (J.T.B., B.H.M., A.X., Y.Z., S.K., N.J.L., A.A., J.R.L.); and La Jolla Immunology and Allergy Institute, CA (J.M.L.).
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Dokun AO, Chen L, Okutsu M, Farber CR, Hazarika S, Jones WS, Craig D, Marchuk DA, Lye RJ, Shah SH, Annex BH. ADAM12: a genetic modifier of preclinical peripheral arterial disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 309:H790-803. [PMID: 26163448 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00803.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In prior studies from multiple groups, outcomes following experimental peripheral arterial disease (PAD) differed considerably across inbred mouse strains. Similarly, in humans with PAD, disease outcomes differ, even when there are similarities in risk factors, disease anatomy, arteriosclerotic burden, and hemodynamic measures. Previously, we identified a locus on mouse chromosome 7, limb salvage-associated quantitative trait locus 1 (LSq-1), which was sufficient to modify outcomes following experimental PAD. We compared expression of genes within LSq-1 in Balb/c mice, which normally show poor outcomes following experimental PAD, with that in C57Bl/6 mice, which normally show favorable outcomes, and found that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase gene 12 (ADAM12) had the most differential expression. Augmentation of ADAM12 expression in vivo improved outcomes following experimental PAD in Balb/c mice, whereas knockdown of ADAM12 made outcomes worse in C57Bl/6 mice. In vitro, ADAM12 expression modulates endothelial cell proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis in ischemia, and this appeared to be dependent on tyrosine kinase with Ig-like and EGF-like domain 2 (Tie2) activation. ADAM12 is sufficient to modify PAD severity in mice, and this likely occurs through regulation of Tie2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayotunde O Dokun
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia;
| | - Lingdan Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Mitsuharu Okutsu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Charles R Farber
- Division of Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Surovi Hazarika
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - W Schuyler Jones
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Damian Craig
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Douglas A Marchuk
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - R John Lye
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Svati H Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and
| | - Brian H Annex
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia; The Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia
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Yeh JSM, Sennoga CA, McConnell E, Eckersley R, Tang MX, Nourshargh S, Seddon JM, Haskard DO, Nihoyannopoulos P. A Targeting Microbubble for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129681. [PMID: 26161541 PMCID: PMC4498921 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Microbubbles conjugated with targeting ligands are used as contrast agents for ultrasound molecular imaging. However, they often contain immunogenic (strept)avidin, which impedes application in humans. Although targeting bubbles not employing the biotin-(strept)avidin conjugation chemistry have been explored, only a few reached the stage of ultrasound imaging in vivo, none were reported/evaluated to show all three of the following properties desired for clinical applications: (i) low degree of non-specific bubble retention in more than one non-reticuloendothelial tissue; (ii) effective for real-time imaging; and (iii) effective for acoustic quantification of molecular targets to a high degree of quantification. Furthermore, disclosures of the compositions and methodologies enabling reproduction of the bubbles are often withheld. Objective To develop and evaluate a targeting microbubble based on maleimide-thiol conjugation chemistry for ultrasound molecular imaging. Methods and Results Microbubbles with a previously unreported generic (non-targeting components) composition were grafted with anti-E-selectin F(ab’)2 using maleimide-thiol conjugation, to produce E-selectin targeting microbubbles. The resulting targeting bubbles showed high specificity to E-selectin in vitro and in vivo. Non-specific bubble retention was minimal in at least three non-reticuloendothelial tissues with inflammation (mouse heart, kidneys, cremaster). The bubbles were effective for real-time ultrasound imaging of E-selectin expression in the inflamed mouse heart and kidneys, using a clinical ultrasound scanner. The acoustic signal intensity of the targeted bubbles retained in the heart correlated strongly with the level of E-selectin expression (|r|≥0.8), demonstrating a high degree of non-invasive molecular quantification. Conclusions Targeting microbubbles for ultrasound molecular imaging, based on maleimide-thiol conjugation chemistry and the generic composition described, may possess properties (i)–(iii) desired for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Shue-Min Yeh
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- Imaging Sciences Department, Medical Research Council, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charles A. Sennoga
- Imaging Sciences Department, Medical Research Council, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ellen McConnell
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Eckersley
- Imaging Sciences Department, Medical Research Council, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Meng-Xing Tang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sussan Nourshargh
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - John M. Seddon
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dorian O. Haskard
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petros Nihoyannopoulos
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiology, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Tavri S, Vezeridis A, Cui W, Mattrey RF. In Vivo Transfection and Detection of Gene Expression of Stem Cells Preloaded with DNA-carrying Microbubbles. Radiology 2015; 276:518-25. [PMID: 25811427 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.15141380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether (a) stem cells loaded with DNA-carrying microbubbles (MBs) can be transfected in vivo, (b) the cells remain alive to express the gene, and (c) gene expression is sufficiently robust to be detected in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Cationic MBs were prepared, characterized, and loaded with pLuciferase green fluorescent protein (GFP) plasmid. Loading was confirmed with SYBR Gold staining (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, Calif). C17.2 cells were loaded with the DNA-carrying MBs. Two hundred thousand cells suspended in 20 μL phosphate-buffered saline were mixed with 200 μL Matrigel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, Calif) and injected in both flanks of eight nude mice. One of the Matrigel (BD Biosciences) injections contained 50 000 cells pretransfected in vitro by using lipofectamine as a positive control. Nine flanks were exposed to 2.25-MHz ultrasonic pulses at 50% duty cycle for 1 minute at 1 W/cm(2) (n = 3) or 2 W/cm(2) (n = 6), and six flanks served as the negative control. Two days later, bioluminescent images were acquired in each mouse every 3 minutes for 1 hour after the intraperitoneal injection of d-luciferin (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, Mass). Differences between groups were assessed by using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test with Wilcoxon rank sum tests for follow-up comparisons. Mice were then killed, plugs were explanted, and alternate sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin or stained for GFP expression. RESULTS Mean DNA-loaded MB diameter ± standard deviation was 2.87 μm ± 1.69 with the DNA associated with the MB shell. C17.2 cells were associated with 2-4 MBs each, and more than 90% were viable. Peak background subtracted bioluminescent signal was fourfold higher when cells were exposed to 2 W/cm(2) pulses as compared with 1 W/cm(2) pulses (P = .02) and negative controls (P = .002). Histologic examination showed cells within the Matrigel (BD Biosciences) with robust GFP expression only after 2 W/cm(2) ultrasound exposure and lipofectamine transfection. CONCLUSION Stem cells loaded with DNA-carrying MBs can be transfected in vivo with ultrasonic pulses and remain alive to demonstrate robust gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidhartha Tavri
- From the Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103
| | - Alexander Vezeridis
- From the Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103
| | - Wenjin Cui
- From the Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103
| | - Robert F Mattrey
- From the Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 200 W Arbor Dr, San Diego, CA 92103
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van Rooij T, Daeichin V, Skachkov I, de Jong N, Kooiman K. Targeted ultrasound contrast agents for ultrasound molecular imaging and therapy. Int J Hyperthermia 2015; 31:90-106. [PMID: 25707815 DOI: 10.3109/02656736.2014.997809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) are used routinely in the clinic to enhance contrast in ultrasonography. More recently, UCAs have been functionalised by conjugating ligands to their surface to target specific biomarkers of a disease or a disease process. These targeted UCAs (tUCAs) are used for a wide range of pre-clinical applications including diagnosis, monitoring of drug treatment, and therapy. In this review, recent achievements with tUCAs in the field of molecular imaging, evaluation of therapy, drug delivery, and therapeutic applications are discussed. We present the different coating materials and aspects that have to be considered when manufacturing tUCAs. Next to tUCA design and the choice of ligands for specific biomarkers, additional techniques are discussed that are applied to improve binding of the tUCAs to their target and to quantify the strength of this bond. As imaging techniques rely on the specific behaviour of tUCAs in an ultrasound field, it is crucial to understand the characteristics of both free and adhered tUCAs. To image and quantify the adhered tUCAs, the state-of-the-art techniques used for ultrasound molecular imaging and quantification are presented. This review concludes with the potential of tUCAs for drug delivery and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom van Rooij
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Thoraxcenter , Erasmus MC, Rotterdam , the Netherlands
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Ultrasound-guided delivery of microRNA loaded nanoparticles into cancer. J Control Release 2015; 203:99-108. [PMID: 25687306 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound induced microbubble cavitation can cause enhanced permeability across natural barriers of tumors such as vessel walls or cellular membranes, allowing for enhanced therapeutic delivery into the target tissues. While enhanced delivery of small (<1nm) molecules has been shown at acoustic pressures below 1MPa both in vitro and in vivo, the delivery efficiency of larger (>100nm) therapeutic carriers into cancer remains unclear and may require a higher pressure for sufficient delivery. Enhanced delivery of larger therapeutic carriers such as FDA approved pegylated poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (PLGA-PEG-NP) has significant clinical value because these nanoparticles have been shown to protect encapsulated drugs from degradation in the blood circulation and allow for slow and prolonged release of encapsulated drugs at the target location. In this study, various acoustic parameters were investigated to facilitate the successful delivery of two nanocarriers, a fluorescent semiconducting polymer model drug nanoparticle as well as PLGA-PEG-NP into human colon cancer xenografts in mice. We first measured the cavitation dose produced by various acoustic parameters (pressure, pulse length, and pulse repetition frequency) and microbubble concentration in a tissue mimicking phantom. Next, in vivo studies were performed to evaluate the penetration depth of nanocarriers using various acoustic pressures, ranging between 1.7 and 6.9MPa. Finally, a therapeutic microRNA, miR-122, was loaded into PLGA-PEG-NP and the amount of delivered miR-122 was assessed using quantitative RT-PCR. Our results show that acoustic pressures had the strongest effect on cavitation. An increase of the pressure from 0.8 to 6.9MPa resulted in a nearly 50-fold increase in cavitation in phantom experiments. In vivo, as the pressures increased from 1.7 to 6.9MPa, the amount of nanoparticles deposited in cancer xenografts was increased from 4- to 14-fold, and the median penetration depth of extravasated nanoparticles was increased from 1.3-fold to 3-fold, compared to control conditions without ultrasound, as examined on 3D confocal microscopy. When delivering miR-122 loaded PLGA-PEG-NP using optimal acoustic settings with minimum tissue damage, miR-122 delivery into tumors with ultrasound and microbubbles was 7.9-fold higher compared to treatment without ultrasound. This study demonstrates that ultrasound induced microbubble cavitation can be a useful tool for delivery of therapeutic miR loaded nanocarriers into cancer in vivo.
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Zhou Y, Gu H, Xu Y, Li F, Kuang S, Wang Z, Zhou X, Ma H, Li P, Zheng Y, Ran H, Jian J, Zhao Y, Song W, Wang Q, Wang D. Targeted antiangiogenesis gene therapy using targeted cationic microbubbles conjugated with CD105 antibody compared with untargeted cationic and neutral microbubbles. Theranostics 2015; 5:399-417. [PMID: 25699099 PMCID: PMC4329503 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to develop targeted cationic microbubbles conjugated with a CD105 antibody (CMB105) for use in targeted vascular endothelial cell gene therapy and ultrasound imaging. We compared the results with untargeted cationic microbubbles (CMB) and neutral microbubbles (NMB). Methods CMB105 were prepared and compared with untargeted CMB and NMB. First, the microbubbles were characterized in terms of size, zeta-potential, antibody binding ability and plasmid DNA loading capacity. A tumor model of subcutaneous breast cancer in nude mice was used for our experiments. The ability of different types of microbubbles to target HUVECs in vitro and tumor neovascularization in vivo was measured. The endostatin gene was selected for its outstanding antiangiogenesis effect. For in vitro experiments, the transfection efficiency and cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry, and the transcription and expression of endostatin were measured by qPCR and Western blotting, respectively. Vascular tube cavity formation and tumor cell invasion were used to evaluate the antiangiogenesis gene therapy efficiency in vitro. Tumors were exposed to ultrasound irradiation with different types of microbubbles, and the gene therapy effects were investigated by detecting apoptosis induction and changes in tumor volume. Results CMB105 and CMB differed significantly from NMB in terms of zeta-potential, and the DNA loading capacities were 16.76±1.75 μg, 18.21±1.22 μg, and 0.48±0.04 μg per 5×108 microbubbles, respectively. The charge coupling of plasmid DNA to CMB105 was not affected by the presence of the CD105 antibody. Both CMB105 and CMB could target to HUVECs in vitro, whereas only CMB105 could target to tumor neovascularization in vivo. In in vitro experiments, the transfection efficiency of CMB105 was 24.7-fold higher than the transfection efficiency of NMB and 1.47-fold higher than the transfection efficiency of CMB (P<0.05). With ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction (UTMD)-mediated gene therapy, the transcription and expression of endostatin were the highest in the CMB105 group (P<0.001); the antiangiogenesis effect and inhibition of tumor cells invasion was better with CMB105 than CMB or NMB in vitro (P<0.01). After gene therapy, the tumor volumes of CMB105 group were significantly smaller than that of CMB and NMB, and many tumor cells had begun apoptosis in the CMB105 group, which had the highest apoptosis index (P<0.001). Conclusions As a contrast agent and plasmid carrier, CMB105 can be used not only for targeted ultrasound imaging but also for targeted gene therapy both in vitro and in vivo. The plasmid DNA binding ability of the CMB was not affected by conjugation of the CMB with the CD105 antibody, and because of its targeting ability, the gene transfection efficiency and therapeutic effect were better compared with the untargeted CMB and NMB. The advantages of targeted gene therapy with CMB105 in vivo were more prominent than with CMB or NMB because neither can target the endothelia in vivo.
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Dewitte H, Vanderperren K, Haers H, Stock E, Duchateau L, Hesta M, Saunders JH, De Smedt SC, Lentacker I. Theranostic mRNA-loaded microbubbles in the lymphatics of dogs: implications for drug delivery. Theranostics 2015; 5:97-109. [PMID: 25553101 PMCID: PMC4265751 DOI: 10.7150/thno.10298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbubbles have shown potential as intralymphatic ultrasound contrast agents while nanoparticle-loaded microbubbles are increasingly investigated for ultrasound-triggered drug and gene delivery. To explore whether mRNA-nanoparticle loaded microbubbles could serve as theranostics for detection of and mRNA transfer to the lymph nodes, we investigate the behavior of unloaded and mRNA-loaded microbubbles using contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging after subcutaneous injection in dogs. Our results indicate that both types of microbubbles are equally capable of rapidly entering the lymph vessels and nodes upon injection, and novel, valuable and detailed information on the lymphatic structure in the animals could be obtained. Furthermore, additional observations were made regarding the dynamics of microbubble lymph node uptake. Importantly, neither the microbubble migration distance within the lymphatics, nor the observed contrast signal intensity was influenced by mRNA-loading. Although further optimization of acoustic parameters will be needed, this could represent a first step towards ultrasound-guided, ultrasound-triggered intranodal mRNA delivery using these theranostic microbubbles.
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Mechanisms of microbubble-facilitated sonoporation for drug and gene delivery. Ther Deliv 2014; 5:467-86. [PMID: 24856171 DOI: 10.4155/tde.14.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Skachkov I, Luan Y, van der Steen AFW, de Jong N, Kooiman K. Targeted microbubble mediated sonoporation of endothelial cells in vivo. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2014; 61:1661-1667. [PMID: 25265175 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2014.006440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound contrast agents as drug-delivery systems are an emerging field. Recently, we reported that targeted microbubbles are able to sonoporate endothelial cells in vitro. In this study, we investigated whether targeted microbubbles can also induce sonoporation of endothelial cells in vivo, thereby making it possible to combine molecular imaging and drug delivery. Live chicken embryos were chosen as the in vivo model. αvß3-targeted microbubbles attached to the vessel wall of the chicken embryo were insonified at 1 MHz at 150 kPa (1 × 10,000 cycles) and at 200 kPa (1 × 1000 cycles) peak negative acoustic pressure. Sonoporation was studied by intravital microscopy using the model drug propidium iodide (PI). Endothelial cell PI uptake was observed in 48% of microbubble-vessel-wall complexes at 150 kPa (n = 140) and in 33% at 200 kPa (n = 140). Efficiency of PI uptake depended on the local targeted microbubble concentration and increased up to 80% for clusters of 10 to 16 targeted microbubbles. Ultrasound or targeted microbubbles alone did not induce PI uptake. This intravital microscopy study reveals that sonoporation can be visualized and induced in vivo using targeted microbubbles.
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Tzu-Yin W, Wilson KE, Machtaler S, Willmann JK. Ultrasound and microbubble guided drug delivery: mechanistic understanding and clinical implications. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2014; 14:743-52. [PMID: 24372231 DOI: 10.2174/1389201014666131226114611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound mediated drug delivery using microbubbles is a safe and noninvasive approach for spatially localized drug administration. This approach can create temporary and reversible openings on cellular membranes and vessel walls (a process called "sonoporation"), allowing for enhanced transport of therapeutic agents across these natural barriers. It is generally believed that the sonoporation process is highly associated with the energetic cavitation activities (volumetric expansion, contraction, fragmentation, and collapse) of the microbubble. However, a thorough understanding of the process was unavailable until recently. Important progress on the mechanistic understanding of sonoporation and the corresponding physiological responses in vitro and in vivo has been made. Specifically, recent research shed light on the cavitation process of microbubbles and fluid motion during insonation of ultrasound, on the spatio-temporal interactions between microbubbles and cells or vessel walls, as well as on the temporal course of the subsequent biological effects. These findings have significant clinical implications on the development of optimal treatment strategies for effective drug delivery. In this article, current progress in the mechanistic understanding of ultrasound and microbubble mediated drug delivery and its implications for clinical translation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jurgen K Willmann
- Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, Room H1307, Stanford, CA 94305-5621, USA.
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Dewitte H, Van Lint S, Heirman C, Thielemans K, De Smedt SC, Breckpot K, Lentacker I. The potential of antigen and TriMix sonoporation using mRNA-loaded microbubbles for ultrasound-triggered cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2014; 194:28-36. [PMID: 25151979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer vaccines, where the patient's own immune system is harnessed to target and destroy tumor tissue, have emerged as a potent therapeutic strategy. In the development of such DC vaccines, it is crucial to load the DCs with tumor antigens, and to simultaneously activate them to become more potent antigen-presenting cells. For this, we report on microbubbles, loaded with both antigen mRNA as well as immunomodulating TriMix mRNA, which can be used for the ultrasound-triggered transfection of DCs. In vivo experiments with in vitro sonoporated DCs show the effective induction of antigen-specific T cells, resulting in specific lysis of antigen-expressing cells. Especially in a therapeutic setting, sonoporation with TriMix has an important added value, resulting in a significant reduction of tumor outgrowth and a marked increase in overall survival. What is more, complete tumor regression was observed in 30% of the antigen+TriMix DC vaccinated animals, which also displayed long-term antigen-specific immunological memory. As a result, DC sonoporation using microbubbles loaded with a combination of antigen and TriMix mRNA can elicit powerful immune responses in vivo, and might serve as a potential tool for further in vivo DC vaccination applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heleen Dewitte
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sandra Van Lint
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1050 Jette, Belgium.
| | - Carlo Heirman
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1050 Jette, Belgium.
| | - Kris Thielemans
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1050 Jette, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Therapy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Medical School of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1050 Jette, Belgium.
| | - Ine Lentacker
- Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Millán-Chiu B, Camacho G, Varela-Echavarría A, Tamariz E, Fernández F, López-Marín LM, Loske AM. Shock waves and DNA-cationic lipid assemblies: a synergistic approach to express exogenous genes in human cells. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:1599-1608. [PMID: 24642223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Cationic lipid/DNA complexes (lipoplexes) represent a powerful tool for cell transfection; however, their use is still limited by important concerns, including toxicity and poor internalization into deep tissues. In this work, we investigated the use of shock wave-induced acoustic cavitation in vitro for the transfection of lipoplexes in human embryo kidney 293 cells. We selected shock waves with the ability to internalize 10-kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran into cells while maintaining survival rates above 50%. Cell transfection was tested using the green fluorescent protein-encoding plasmid pCX::GFPGPI2. Confocal microscopy and fluorescence-assisted cell sorting analyses revealed successful transfection after treatments ranging from 1 to 3 min using 60 to 180 shock waves at peak amplitudes of 12.3 ± 1.5 MPa. Interestingly, the combination of shock waves and lipoplexes induced a 3.1- and 3.8-fold increase in the expression of the reporter gene compared with the use of lipoplexes or shock waves alone, respectively. These results indicate that cationic DNA assembly and shock waves act in a synergistic manner to promote transfection of human cells, revealing a potential approach for non-invasive site-specific gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Millán-Chiu
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Giselle Camacho
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Alfredo Varela-Echavarría
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Elisa Tamariz
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Francisco Fernández
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
| | - Luz M López-Marín
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México.
| | - Achim M Loske
- Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Campus Juriquilla, Querétaro, México
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Abstract
Ultrasound-mediated gene delivery with microbubbles has emerged as an attractive nonviral vector system for site-specific and noninvasive gene therapy. Ultrasound promotes intracellular uptake of therapeutic agents, particularly in the presence of microbubbles, by increasing vascular and cell membrane permeability. Several preclinical studies have reported successful gene delivery into solid tumors with significant therapeutic effects using this novel approach. This review provides background information on gene therapy and ultrasound bioeffects and discusses the current progress and overall perspectives on the application of ultrasound and microbubble-mediated gene delivery in cancer.
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Rychak JJ, Klibanov AL. Nucleic acid delivery with microbubbles and ultrasound. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 72:82-93. [PMID: 24486388 PMCID: PMC4204336 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid-based therapy is a growing field of drug delivery research. Although ultrasound has been suggested to enhance transfection decades ago, it took a combination of ultrasound with nucleic acid carrier systems (microbubbles, liposomes, polyplexes, and viral carriers) to achieve reasonable nucleic acid delivery efficacy. Microbubbles serve as foci for local deposition of ultrasound energy near the target cell, and greatly enhance sonoporation. The major advantage of this approach is in the minimal transfection in the non-insonated non-target tissues. Microbubbles can be simply co-administered with the nucleic acid carrier or can be modified to carry nucleic acid themselves. Liposomes with embedded gas or gas precursor particles can also be used to carry nucleic acid, release and deliver it by the ultrasound trigger. Successful testing in a wide variety of animal models (myocardium, solid tumors, skeletal muscle, and pancreas) proves the potential usefulness of this technique for nucleic acid drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander L Klibanov
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908-1394, USA.
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