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Marwick TH, Chandrashekhar Y. What Is New With Understanding the Left Atrium and What It Can Tell Us. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2024; 17:1128-1130. [PMID: 39237249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
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2
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Nedadur R, Bhatt N, Liu T, Chu MWA, McCarthy PM, Kline A. The Emerging and Important Role of Artificial Intelligence in Cardiac Surgery. Can J Cardiol 2024:S0828-282X(24)00586-5. [PMID: 39098601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2024.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has greatly affected our everyday lives and holds great promise to change the landscape of medicine. AI is particularly positioned to improve care for the increasingly complex patients undergoing cardiac surgery using immense amount of data generated in the course of their care. When deployed, AI can be used to analyze this information at the patient's bedside more expediently and accurately, all while providing new insights. This review summarizes the current applications of AI in cardiac surgery from the vantage point of a patient's journey. Applications of AI include preoperative risk assessment, intraoperative planning, postoperative patient care, and outpatient telemonitoring, encompassing the spectrum of cardiac surgical care. Offloading of administrative processes and enhanced experience with information gathering also represent a unique and under-represented avenue for future use of AI. As clinicians, understanding the nomenclature and applications of AI is important to contextualize problems, to ensure problem-driven solutions, and for clinical benefit. Precision medicine, and thus clinically relevant AI, remains dependent on data curation and warehousing to gather insights from large multicentre repositories while treating privacy with the utmost importance. AI tasks should not be siloed but rather holistically integrated into clinical workflow to retain context and relevance. As cardiac surgeons, AI allows us to look forward to a bright future of more efficient use of our clinical expertise toward high-level decision making and technical prowess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Nedadur
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Center for Artificial Intelligence, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nitish Bhatt
- Peter Munk Cardiac Center, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tom Liu
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Center for Artificial Intelligence, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Patrick M McCarthy
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Center for Artificial Intelligence, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Adrienne Kline
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Division of Cardiac Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Center for Artificial Intelligence, Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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3
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Nazar W, Nazar K, Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz L. Machine Learning and Deep Learning Methods for Fast and Accurate Assessment of Transthoracic Echocardiogram Image Quality. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:761. [PMID: 38929743 PMCID: PMC11204556 DOI: 10.3390/life14060761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
High-quality echocardiogram images are the cornerstone of accurate and reliable measurements of the heart. Therefore, this study aimed to develop, validate and compare machine learning and deep learning algorithms for accurate and automated assessment of transthoracic echocardiogram image quality. In total, 4090 single-frame two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiogram images were used from apical 4-chamber, apical 2-chamber and parasternal long-axis views sampled from 3530 adult patients. The data were extracted from CAMUS and Unity Imaging open-source datasets. For every raw image, additional grayscale block histograms were developed. For block histogram datasets, six classic machine learning algorithms were tested. Moreover, convolutional neural networks based on the pre-trained EfficientNetB4 architecture were developed for raw image datasets. Classic machine learning algorithms predicted image quality with 0.74 to 0.92 accuracy (AUC 0.81 to 0.96), whereas convolutional neural networks achieved between 0.74 and 0.89 prediction accuracy (AUC 0.79 to 0.95). Both approaches are accurate methods of echocardiogram image quality assessment. Moreover, this study is a proof of concept of a novel method of training classic machine learning algorithms on block histograms calculated from raw images. Automated echocardiogram image quality assessment methods may provide additional relevant information to the echocardiographer in daily clinical practice and improve reliability in clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Nazar
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 3a, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Nazar
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, Gabriela Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland;
| | - Ludmiła Daniłowicz-Szymanowicz
- Department of Cardiology and Electrotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-213 Gdansk, Poland;
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Nashwan AJ, Alkhawaldeh IM, Shaheen N, Albalkhi I, Serag I, Sarhan K, Abujaber AA, Abd-Alrazaq A, Yassin MA. Using artificial intelligence to improve body iron quantification: A scoping review. Blood Rev 2023; 62:101133. [PMID: 37748945 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2023.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing the screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of disorders related to body iron levels. A systematic search was performed to identify studies that utilize machine learning in iron-related disorders. The search revealed a wide range of machine learning algorithms used by different studies. Notably, most studies used a single data type. The studies varied in terms of sample sizes, participant ages, and geographical locations. AI's role in quantifying iron concentration is still in its early stages, yet its potential is significant. The question is whether AI-based diagnostic biomarkers can offer innovative approaches for screening, diagnosing, and monitoring of iron overload and anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulqadir J Nashwan
- Department of Nursing, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | | | - Nour Shaheen
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ibrahem Albalkhi
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neuroradiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond St, London WC1N 3JH, United Kingdom.
| | - Ibrahim Serag
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khalid Sarhan
- Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ahmad A Abujaber
- Department of Nursing, Hazm Mebaireek General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Alaa Abd-Alrazaq
- AI Center for Precision Health, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Mohamed A Yassin
- Hematology and Oncology, Hamad General Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar.
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5
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Ling H, Chen B, Guan R, Xiao Y, Yan H, Chen Q, Bi L, Chen J, Feng X, Pang H, Song C. Deep Learning Model for Coronary Angiography. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2023; 16:896-904. [PMID: 36928587 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-023-10368-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
The visual inspection of coronary artery stenosis is known to be significantly affected by variation, due to the presence of other tissues, camera movements, and uneven illumination. More accurate and intelligent coronary angiography diagnostic models are necessary for improving the above problems. In this study, 2980 medical images from 949 patients are collected and a novel deep learning-based coronary angiography (DLCAG) diagnose system is proposed. Firstly, we design a module of coronary classification. Then, we introduce RetinaNet to balance positive and negative samples and improve the recognition accuracy. Additionally, DLCAG adopts instance segmentation to segment the stenosis of vessels and depict the degree of the stenosis vessels. Our DLCAG is available at http://101.132.120.184:8077/ . When doctors use our system, all they need to do is login to the system, upload the coronary angiography videos. Then, a diagnose report is automatically generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Ling
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Biqian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Renchu Guan
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Qingyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Lianru Bi
- Department of Cardiology, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat Sen University, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Jingbo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaoyue Feng
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Haoyu Pang
- Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Sengupta PP, Chandrashekhar Y. From Conventional Deep Learning to GPT: AI's Emergent Power for Cardiac Imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2023; 16:1129-1131. [PMID: 37558359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2023.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
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7
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Sabo S, Pettersen HN, Smistad E, Pasdeloup D, Stølen SB, Grenne BL, Lovstakken L, Holte E, Dalen H. Real-time guiding by deep learning during echocardiography to reduce left ventricular foreshortening and measurement variability. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. IMAGING METHODS AND PRACTICE 2023; 1:qyad012. [PMID: 39044792 PMCID: PMC11195768 DOI: 10.1093/ehjimp/qyad012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Aims Apical foreshortening leads to an underestimation of left ventricular (LV) volumes and an overestimation of LV ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain. Real-time guiding using deep learning (DL) during echocardiography to reduce foreshortening could improve standardization and reduce variability. We aimed to study the effect of real-time DL guiding during echocardiography on measures of LV foreshortening and inter-observer variability. Methods and results Patients (n = 88) in sinus rhythm referred for echocardiography without indication for contrast were included. All participants underwent three echocardiograms. The first two examinations were performed by sonographers, and the third by cardiologists. In Period 1, the sonographers were instructed to provide high-quality echocardiograms. In Period 2, the DL guiding was used by the second sonographer. One blinded expert measured LV length in all recordings. Tri-plane recordings by cardiologists were used as reference. Apical foreshortening was calculated at the end-diastole. Both sonographer groups significantly foreshortened the LV in Period 1 (mean foreshortening: Sonographer 1: 4 mm; Sonographer 2: 3 mm, both P < 0.001 vs. reference) and reduced foreshortening in Period 2 (2 and 0 mm, respectively. Period 1 vs. Period 2, P < 0.05). Sonographers using DL guiding did not foreshorten more than cardiologists (P ≥ 0.409). Real-time guiding did not improve intra-class correlation (ICC) [LV end-diastolic volume ICC, (95% confidence interval): DL guiding 0.87 (0.77-0.93) vs. no guiding 0.92 (0.88-0.95)]. Conclusion Real-time guiding reduced foreshortening among experienced operators and has the potential to improve image standardization. Even though the effect on inter-operator variability was minimal among experienced users, real-time guiding may improve test-retest variability among less experienced users. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, Identifier: NCT04580095.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigbjorn Sabo
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Hakon Neergaard Pettersen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kristiansund Hospital, More and Romsdal Hospital Trust, Herman Døhlens vei 1, 6508 Kristiansund, Norway
| | - Erik Smistad
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Sintef Digital, Box 4760 Torgarden, 7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - David Pasdeloup
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Stian Bergseng Stølen
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Box 3250 Torgarden, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjørnar Leangen Grenne
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Box 3250 Torgarden, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lasse Lovstakken
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Espen Holte
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Box 3250 Torgarden, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Havard Dalen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Box 8905, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Cardiology, St Olavs University Hospital, Box 3250 Torgarden, 7006 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Internal Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Kirkegata 2, 7601 Levanger, Norway
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8
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Ferraz S, Coimbra M, Pedrosa J. Assisted probe guidance in cardiac ultrasound: A review. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1056055. [PMID: 36865885 PMCID: PMC9971589 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1056055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Echocardiography is the most frequently used imaging modality in cardiology. However, its acquisition is affected by inter-observer variability and largely dependent on the operator's experience. In this context, artificial intelligence techniques could reduce these variabilities and provide a user independent system. In recent years, machine learning (ML) algorithms have been used in echocardiography to automate echocardiographic acquisition. This review focuses on the state-of-the-art studies that use ML to automate tasks regarding the acquisition of echocardiograms, including quality assessment (QA), recognition of cardiac views and assisted probe guidance during the scanning process. The results indicate that performance of automated acquisition was overall good, but most studies lack variability in their datasets. From our comprehensive review, we believe automated acquisition has the potential not only to improve accuracy of diagnosis, but also help novice operators build expertise and facilitate point of care healthcare in medically underserved areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Ferraz
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal,Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal,*Correspondence: Sofia Ferraz,
| | - Miguel Coimbra
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal,Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto (FCUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - João Pedrosa
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science INESC TEC, Porto, Portugal,Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto (FEUP), Porto, Portugal
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9
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Yang DM, Chang TJ, Hung KF, Wang ML, Cheng YF, Chiang SH, Chen MF, Liao YT, Lai WQ, Liang KH. Smart healthcare: A prospective future medical approach for COVID-19. J Chin Med Assoc 2023; 86:138-146. [PMID: 36227021 PMCID: PMC9847685 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has greatly affected human life for over 3 years. In this review, we focus on smart healthcare solutions that address major requirements for coping with the COVID-19 pandemic, including (1) the continuous monitoring of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, (2) patient stratification with distinct short-term outcomes (eg, mild or severe diseases) and long-term outcomes (eg, long COVID), and (3) adherence to medication and treatments for patients with COVID-19. Smart healthcare often utilizes medical artificial intelligence (AI) and cloud computing and integrates cutting-edge biological and optoelectronic techniques. These are valuable technologies for addressing the unmet needs in the management of COVID. By leveraging deep learning/machine learning capabilities and big data, medical AI can perform precise prognosis predictions and provide reliable suggestions for physicians' decision-making. Through the assistance of the Internet of Medical Things, which encompasses wearable devices, smartphone apps, internet-based drug delivery systems, and telemedicine technologies, the status of mild cases can be continuously monitored and medications provided at home without the need for hospital care. In cases that develop into severe cases, emergency feedback can be provided through the hospital for rapid treatment. Smart healthcare can possibly prevent the development of severe COVID-19 cases and therefore lower the burden on intensive care units.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Ming Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biophotonics, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Address correspondence. Dr. De-Ming Yang, Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: (D.-M. Yang). and Dr. Kung-Hao Liang, Laboratory of Systems Biomedical Science, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail: (K.-H. Liang)
| | - Tai-Jay Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Laboratory of Genome Research, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Biomedical science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kai-Feng Hung
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Fu Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Su-Hua Chiang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Mei-Fang Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ting Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Laboratory of Systems Biomedical Science, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wei-Qun Lai
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Biophotonics, School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Kung-Hao Liang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Laboratory of Systems Biomedical Science, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Food Safety and Health Risk Assessment, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Address correspondence. Dr. De-Ming Yang, Microscopy Service Laboratory, Basic Research Division, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail address: (D.-M. Yang). and Dr. Kung-Hao Liang, Laboratory of Systems Biomedical Science, Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shi-Pai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC. E-mail: (K.-H. Liang)
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Pellikka PA, Strom JB, Pajares-Hurtado GM, Keane MG, Khazan B, Qamruddin S, Tutor A, Gul F, Peterson E, Thamman R, Watson S, Mandale D, Scott CG, Naqvi T, Woodward GM, Hawkes W. Automated analysis of limited echocardiograms: Feasibility and relationship to outcomes in COVID-19. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:937068. [PMID: 35935624 PMCID: PMC9353267 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.937068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As automated echocardiographic analysis is increasingly utilized, continued evaluation within hospital settings is important to further understand its potential value. The importance of cardiac involvement in patients hospitalized with COVID-19 provides an opportunity to evaluate the feasibility and clinical relevance of automated analysis applied to limited echocardiograms. Methods In this multisite US cohort, the feasibility of automated AI analysis was evaluated on 558 limited echocardiograms in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Reliability of automated assessment of left ventricular (LV) volumes, ejection fraction (EF), and LV longitudinal strain (LS) was assessed against clinically obtained measures and echocardiographic findings. Automated measures were evaluated against patient outcomes using ROC analysis, survival modeling, and logistic regression for the outcomes of 30-day mortality and in-hospital sequelae. Results Feasibility of automated analysis for both LVEF and LS was 87.5% (488/558 patients). AI analysis was performed with biplane method in 300 (61.5%) and single plane apical 4- or 2-chamber analysis in 136 (27.9%) and 52 (10.7%) studies, respectively. Clinical LVEF was assessed using visual estimation in 192 (39.3%), biplane in 163 (33.4%), and single plane or linear methods in 104 (21.2%) of the 488 studies; 29 (5.9%) studies did not have clinically reported LVEF. LV LS was clinically reported in 80 (16.4%). Consistency between automated and clinical values demonstrated Pearson's R, root mean square error (RMSE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.61, 11.3% and 0.72, respectively, for LVEF; 0.73, 3.9% and 0.74, respectively for LS; 0.76, 24.4ml and 0.87, respectively, for end-diastolic volume; and 0.82, 12.8 ml, and 0.91, respectively, for end-systolic volume. Abnormal automated measures of LVEF and LS were associated with LV wall motion abnormalities, left atrial enlargement, and right ventricular dysfunction. Automated analysis was associated with outcomes, including survival. Conclusion Automated analysis was highly feasible on limited echocardiograms using abbreviated protocols, consistent with equivalent clinically obtained metrics, and associated with echocardiographic abnormalities and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A. Pellikka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: Patricia A. Pellikka
| | - Jordan B. Strom
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gabriel M. Pajares-Hurtado
- Richard A. and Susan F. Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Martin G. Keane
- Temple Heart and Vascular Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Benjamin Khazan
- Temple Heart and Vascular Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | | | - Austin Tutor
- Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Fahad Gul
- Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Eric Peterson
- Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ritu Thamman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Shivani Watson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Deepa Mandale
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
| | - Christopher G. Scott
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tasneem Naqvi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, United States
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11
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Johnson JN, Loriaux DB, Jenista E, Kim HW, Baritussio A, De Garate Iparraguirre E, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Denny V, O'Connor B, Siddiqui S, Fujikura K, Benton CW, Weinsaft JW, Kochav J, Kim J, Madamanchi C, Steigner M, Kwong R, Chango-Azanza D, Chapa M, Rosales-Uvera S, Sitwala P, Filev P, Sahu A, Craft J, Punnakudiyil GJ, Jayam V, Shams F, Hughes SG, Lee JCY, Hulten EA, Steel KE, Chen SSM. Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance 2021 cases of SCMR and COVID-19 case collection series. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2022; 24:42. [PMID: 35787291 PMCID: PMC9251594 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-022-00872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) is an international society focused on the research, education, and clinical application of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR). "Cases of SCMR" is a case series hosted on the SCMR website ( https://www.scmr.org ) that demonstrates the utility and importance of CMR in the clinical diagnosis and management of cardiovascular disease. The COVID-19 Case Collection highlights the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the heart as demonstrated on CMR. Each case in series consists of the clinical presentation and the role of CMR in diagnosis and guiding clinical management. The cases are all instructive and helpful in the approach to patient management. We present a digital archive of the 2021 Cases of SCMR and the 2020 and 2021 COVID-19 Case Collection series of nine cases as a means of further enhancing the education of those interested in CMR and as a means of more readily identifying these cases using a PubMed or similar literature search engine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason N Johnson
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology and Pediatric Radiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Daniel B Loriaux
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jenista
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Han W Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Anna Baritussio
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Bristol Heart Institute, NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Estefania De Garate Iparraguirre
- Bristol Heart Institute, NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chiara Bucciarelli-Ducci
- Bristol Heart Institute, NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Vanessa Denny
- Goryeb Children's Hospital, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Brian O'Connor
- Robert Wood Johnson University Hospital, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Saira Siddiqui
- Goryeb Children's Hospital, Atlantic Health System, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Kana Fujikura
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Charles W Benton
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Jiwon Kim
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Diego Chango-Azanza
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mónica Chapa
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Rosales-Uvera
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Jason Craft
- Dematteis Research Center, Greenvale, NY, USA
| | | | - Viraj Jayam
- Dematteis Research Center, Greenvale, NY, USA
| | - Farah Shams
- Infectious Diseases, St Francis Hospital, Roslyn, NY, USA
| | - Sean G Hughes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonan C Y Lee
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | - Sylvia S M Chen
- Department of Adult Congenital Heart Disease and Cardiology, The Prince Charles Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
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12
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Madan N, Lucas J, Akhter N, Collier P, Cheng F, Guha A, Zhang L, Sharma A, Hamid A, Ndiokho I, Wen E, Garster NC, Scherrer-Crosbie M, Brown SA. Artificial intelligence and imaging: Opportunities in cardio-oncology. AMERICAN HEART JOURNAL PLUS : CARDIOLOGY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022; 15:100126. [PMID: 35693323 PMCID: PMC9187287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.2022.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in cancer survivors. It is critical to apply new predictive and early diagnostic methods in this population, as this can potentially inform cardiovascular treatment and surveillance decision-making. We discuss the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies to cardiovascular imaging in cardio-oncology, with a particular emphasis on prevention and targeted treatment of a variety of cardiovascular conditions in cancer patients. Recently, the use of AI-augmented cardiac imaging in cardio-oncology is gaining traction. A large proportion of cardio-oncology patients are screened and followed using left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and global longitudinal strain (GLS), currently obtained using echocardiography. This use will continue to increase with new cardiotoxic cancer treatments. AI is being tested to increase precision, throughput, and accuracy of LVEF and GLS, guide point-of-care image acquisition, and integrate imaging and clinical data to optimize the prediction and detection of cardiac dysfunction. The application of AI to cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), computed tomography (CT; especially coronary artery calcium or CAC scans), single proton emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging acquisition is also in early stages of analysis for prediction and assessment of cardiac tumors and cardiovascular adverse events in patients treated for childhood or adult cancer. The opportunities for application of AI in cardio-oncology imaging are promising, and if availed, will improve clinical practice and benefit patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Madan
- Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Nausheen Akhter
- Division of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Patrick Collier
- Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Feixiong Cheng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Avirup Guha
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lili Zhang
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Abhinav Sharma
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Imeh Ndiokho
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ethan Wen
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Noelle C. Garster
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | | | - Sherry-Ann Brown
- Cardio-Oncology Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
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13
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Lin WC, Hsiung MC, Yin WH, Tsao TP, Lai WT, Huang KC. Electrocardiography Score for Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction in Non-ST Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:764575. [PMID: 35071347 PMCID: PMC8777009 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.764575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Few studies have characterized electrocardiography (ECG) patterns correlated with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Objectives: This study aims to develop ECG pattern-derived scores to predict LV systolic dysfunction in NSTE-ACS patients. Methods: A total of 466 patients with NSTE-ACS were retrospectively enrolled. LV ejection fraction (LVEF) was assessed by echocardiography within 72 h after the first triage ECG acquisition; there was no coronary intervention in between. ECG score was developed to predict LVEF < 40%. Performance of LVEF, the Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE), Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) and ECG scores to predict 24-month all-cause mortality were analyzed. Subgroups with varying LVEF, GRACE and TIMI scores were stratified by ECG score to identify patients at high risk of mortality. Results: LVEF < 40% was present in 20% of patients. We developed the PQRST score by multivariate logistic regression, including poor R wave progression, QRS duration > 110 ms, heart rate > 100 beats per min, and ST-segment depression ≥ 1 mm in ≥ 2 contiguous leads, ranging from 0 to 6.5. The score had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.824 in the derivation cohort and 0.899 in the validation cohort for discriminating LVEF < 40%. A PQRST score ≥ 3 could stratify high-risk patients with LVEF ≥ 40%, GRACE score > 140, or TIMI score ≥ 3 regarding 24-month all-cause mortality. Conclusions: The PQRST score could predict LVEF < 40% in NSTE-ACS patients and identify patients at high risk of mortality in the subgroups of patients with LVEF ≥ 40%, GRACE score > 140 or TIMI score ≥ 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chen Lin
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keelung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Keelung, Taiwan
| | | | - Wei-Hsian Yin
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Ping Tsao
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tsung Lai
- Heart Center, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Chih Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Kuan-Chih Huang
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14
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Hulot JS, Clopton P. When Natural Peptides Meet Artificial Intelligence to Improve Risk Prediction. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 78:1632-1634. [PMID: 34649701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Hulot
- Université de Paris, INSERM, PARCC, Paris, France; CIC1418 and DMU CARTE, AP-HP, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France.
| | - Paul Clopton
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Artificial intelligence is the ability for machines to perform intelligent tasks. Artificial intelligence is already penetrating many aspects of medicine including cardiac surgery. Here, we offer a platform introduction to artificial intelligence for cardiac surgeons to understand the implementations of this transformative tool. RECENT FINDINGS Artificial intelligence has contributed greatly to the automation of cardiac imaging, including echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography, cardiac MRI and most recently, in radiomics. There are also several artificial intelligence based clinical prediction tools that predict complex outcomes after cardiac surgery. Waveform analysis, specifically, automated electrocardiogram analysis, has seen significant strides with promise in wearables and remote monitoring. Experimentally, artificial intelligence has also entered the operating room in the form of augmented reality and automated robotic surgery. SUMMARY Artificial intelligence has many potential exciting applications in cardiac surgery. It can streamline physician workload and help make medicine more human again by placing the physician back at the bedside. Here, we offer cardiac surgeons an introduction to this transformative tool so that they may actively participate in creating clinically relevant implementations to improve our practice.
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Argulian E, Narula J. Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging in Clinical Heart Failure. JACC-HEART FAILURE 2021; 9:699-709. [PMID: 34391742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2021.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular imaging is the cornerstone of the assessment of patients with heart failure. Although noninvasive volumetric estimation of the cardiac function is an essential and indisputably useful clinical tool, cardiac imaging has evolved and matured to offer detailed functional, hemodynamic, and tissue characterization. The adoption of a new framework to diagnose and phenotype heart failure that incorporates comprehensive imaging assessment has been lacking in clinical trials. The present review offers a general overview of available imaging strategies for patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Argulian
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
| | - Jagat Narula
- Mount Sinai Heart, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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17
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Sengupta PP, Chandrashekhar YS. Building Trust in AI: Opportunities and Challenges for Cardiac Imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 14:520-522. [PMID: 33541532 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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18
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Choi EY. Feature Tracking Analysis, the "Cherry-on-Top" of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance for Suspected Iron Overload Cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 29:345-346. [PMID: 34080339 PMCID: PMC8592684 DOI: 10.4250/jcvi.2021.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eui-Young Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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19
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Panchal A, Kyvernitakis A, Mikolich JR, Biederman RWW. Contemporary use of cardiac imaging for COVID-19 patients: a three center experience defining a potential role for cardiac MRI. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 37:1721-1733. [PMID: 33559800 PMCID: PMC7871025 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-02139-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) secondary to the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has bestowed an unprecedented challenge upon us, resulting in an international public health emergency. COVID-19 has already resulted in > 1,600,000 deaths worldwide and the fear of a global economic collapse. SARS-CoV-2 is notorious for causing acute respiratory distress syndrome, however emerging literature suggests various dreaded cardiac manifestations associated with high mortality. The mechanism of myocardial damage in COVID-19 is unclear but thought to be multifactorial and mainly driven by the host's immune response (cytokine storm), hypoxemia and direct myocardial injury by the virus. Cardiac manifestations from COVID-19 include but are not limited to, acute myocardial injury, cardiac arrhythmias, congestive heart failure and acute coronary syndrome. Cardiac imaging is paramount to appropriately diagnose and manage the cardiac manifestations of COVID-19. Herein, we present cardiac imaging findings of COVID-19 patients with biomarker and imaging confirmed myocarditis to provide insight regarding the variable manifestations of COVID-19 myocarditis via Cardiac MRI (CMR) coupled with CMR-edema education along with recommendations on how to incorporate advanced CMR into the clinicians' COVID-19 armamentarium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Panchal
- Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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20
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Enforcing Quality in Strain Imaging Through AI-Powered Surveillance. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 14:346-349. [PMID: 33221209 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2020.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Cardiac imaging phenotype in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): results of the cocarde study. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020; 37:449-457. [PMID: 32902783 PMCID: PMC7479389 DOI: 10.1007/s10554-020-02010-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Biological cardiac injury related to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 infection has been associated with excess mortality. However, its functional impact remains unknown. The aim of our study was to explore the impact of biological cardiac injury on myocardial functions in patients with COVID-19. 31 patients with confirmed COVID-19 (CoV+) and 16 controls (CoV-) were prospectively included in this observational study. Demographic data, laboratory findings, comorbidities, treatments and myocardial function assessed by transthoracic echocardiography were collected and analysed in CoV+ with (TnT+) and without (TnT-) elevation of troponin T levels and compared with CoV-. Among CoV+, 13 (42%) exhibited myocardial injury. CoV+/TnT + patients were older, had lower diastolic arterial pressure and were more likely to have hypertension and chronic renal failure compared with CoV+/TnT-. The control group was comparable except for an absence of biological inflammatory syndrome. Left ventricular ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain were not different among the three groups. There was a trend of decreased myocardial work and increased peak systolic tricuspid annular velocity between the CoV- and CoV + patients, which became significant when comparing CoV- and CoV+/TnT+ (2167 ± 359 vs. 1774 ± 521%/mmHg, P = 0.047 and 14 ± 3 vs. 16 ± 3 cm/s, P = 0.037, respectively). There was a decrease of global work efficiency from CoV- (96 ± 2%) to CoV+/TnT- (94 ± 4%) and then CoV+/TnT+ (93 ± 3%, P = 0.042). In conclusion, biological myocardial injury in COVID 19 has low functional impact on left ventricular systolic function.
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