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Hermanson JB, Tolba SA, Chrisler EA, Leone VA. Gut Microbes, Diet, and Genetics as Drivers of Metabolic Liver Disease: A Narrative Review Outlining Implications for Precision Medicine. J Nutr Biochem 2024:109704. [PMID: 39029595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is rapidly increasing in prevalence, impacting over a third of the global population. The advanced form of MASLD, Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), is on track to become the number one indication for liver transplant. FDA-approved pharmacological agents are limited for MASH, despite over 400 ongoing clinical trials, with only a single drug (resmetirom) currently on the market. This is likely due to the heterogeneous nature of disease pathophysiology, which involves interactions between highly individualized genetic and environmental factors. To apply precision medicine approaches that overcome interpersonal variability, in-depth insights into interactions between genetics, nutrition, and the gut microbiome are needed, given that each have emerged as dynamic contributors to MASLD and MASH pathogenesis. Here, we discuss the associations and molecular underpinnings of several of these factors individually and outline their interactions in the context of both patient-based studies and preclinical animal model systems. Finally, we highlight gaps in knowledge that will require further investigation to aid in successfully implementing precision medicine to prevent and alleviate MASLD and MASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake B Hermanson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Samar A Tolba
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA; Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt
| | - Evan A Chrisler
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Vanessa A Leone
- Department of Animal & Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA.
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2
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Xu Q, Liu F, Wu Z, Chen M, Zhou Y, Shi Y. Suppression of STK39 weakens the MASLD/MASH process by protecting the intestinal barrier. Biosci Trends 2024; 18:289-302. [PMID: 38925962 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2024.01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
STK39 is reportedly a critical negative regulator of intestinal barrier. Pharmacological targeting of STK39 is expected to protect the intestinal barrier and thereby weaken metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH); Proximal colon biopsy tissues from patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and those without MASLD were analyzed for STK39 expression. Wildtype (WT) mice and systemic STK39 gene knockout (STK39-/-) male mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat methionine-choline deficient diet (HFMCD) for 8 weeks. The MASH mice were grouped and treated with ZT-1a (a STK39 inhibitor) or vehicle intraperitoneal injection during the procedure of HFMCD induction. Liver and intestinal tissues were collected for further examination; Colon tissues from patients with MASLD exhibited higher levels of STK39 than those from subjects without MASLD. Knockout of STK39 diminished CD68+ Kupffer cells and α-SMA+ hepatic stellate cells infiltration in mouse MASH model. Treatment with ZT-1a also prevented severe steatohepatitis in a mouse MASH model, including milder histological and pathological manifestations (lobular inflammation and fibrosis) in the liver. Interestingly, Inhibition of STK39 had minimal effects on hepatic lipid metabolism. The reduced liver injury observed in mice with STK39 inhibition was linked to significant decreases in mucosal inflammation, tight junction disruption and intestinal epithelial permeability to bacterial endotoxins; Collectively, we have revealed that inhibiting STK39 prevents the progression of MASH by protecting the intestinal epithelial barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology & Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Biliary Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenru Wu
- Institute of Clinical Pathology & Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Menglin Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pathology & Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjie Zhou
- Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujun Shi
- Institute of Clinical Pathology & Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, NHC, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Laboratory of Liver Transplantation, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Massier L, Musat N, Stumvoll M, Tremaroli V, Chakaroun R, Kovacs P. Tissue-resident bacteria in metabolic diseases: emerging evidence and challenges. Nat Metab 2024; 6:1209-1224. [PMID: 38898236 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-01065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Although the impact of the gut microbiome on health and disease is well established, there is controversy regarding the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria and their products in organs and tissues. However, recent contamination-aware findings of tissue-resident microbial signatures provide accumulating evidence in support of bacterial translocation in cardiometabolic disease. The latter provides a distinct paradigm for the link between microbial colonizers of mucosal surfaces and host metabolism. In this Perspective, we re-evaluate the concept of tissue-resident bacteria including their role in metabolic low-grade tissue and systemic inflammation. We examine the limitations and challenges associated with studying low bacterial biomass samples and propose experimental and analytical strategies to overcome these issues. Our Perspective aims to encourage further investigation of the mechanisms linking tissue-resident bacteria to host metabolism and their potentially actionable health implications for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Massier
- Department of Medicine (H7), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niculina Musat
- Aarhus University, Department of Biology, Section for Microbiology, Århus, Denmark
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Valentina Tremaroli
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rima Chakaroun
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
- Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Peter Kovacs
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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Mercado-Gómez M, Goikoetxea-Usandizaga N, Kerbert AJC, Gracianteparaluceta LU, Serrano-Maciá M, Lachiondo-Ortega S, Rodriguez-Agudo R, Gil-Pitarch C, Simón J, González-Recio I, Fondevila MF, Santamarina-Ojeda P, Fraga MF, Nogueiras R, Heras JDL, Jalan R, Martínez-Chantar ML, Delgado TC. The lipopolysaccharide-TLR4 axis regulates hepatic glutaminase 1 expression promoting liver ammonia build-up as steatotic liver disease progresses to steatohepatitis. Metabolism 2024; 158:155952. [PMID: 38906371 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ammonia is a pathogenic factor implicated in the progression of metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The contribution of the glutaminase 1 (GLS) isoform, an enzyme converting glutamine to glutamate and ammonia, to hepatic ammonia build-up and the mechanisms underlying its upregulation in metabolic-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) remain elusive. METHODS Multiplex transcriptomics and targeted metabolomics analysis of liver biopsies in dietary mouse models representing the whole spectra of MASLD were carried out to characterize the relevance of hepatic GLS during disease pathological progression. In addition, the acute effect of liver-specific GLS inhibition in hepatic ammonia content was evaluated in cultured hepatocytes and in in vivo mouse models of diet-induced MASLD. Finally, the regulatory mechanisms of hepatic GLS overexpression related to the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) axis were explored in the context of MASH. RESULTS In mouse models of diet-induced MASLD, we found that augmented liver GLS expression is closely associated with the build-up of hepatic ammonia as the disease progresses from steatosis to steatohepatitis. Importantly, the acute silencing/pharmacological inhibition of GLS diminishes the ammonia burden in cultured primary mouse hepatocytes undergoing dedifferentiation, in steatotic hepatocytes, and in a mouse model of diet-induced steatohepatitis, irrespective of changes in ureagenesis and gut permeability. Under these conditions, GLS upregulation in the liver correlates positively with the hepatic expression of TLR4 that recognizes LPS. In agreement, the pharmacological inhibition of TLR4 reduces GLS and hepatic ammonia content in LPS-stimulated mouse hepatocytes and hyperammonemia animal models of endotoxemia. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results suggest that the LPS/TLR4 axis regulates hepatic GLS expression promoting liver ammonia build-up as steatotic liver disease progresses to steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Mercado-Gómez
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Naroa Goikoetxea-Usandizaga
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Annarein J C Kerbert
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Marina Serrano-Maciá
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Sofia Lachiondo-Ortega
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Rubén Rodriguez-Agudo
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Clàudia Gil-Pitarch
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Jorge Simón
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene González-Recio
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain
| | - Marcos F Fondevila
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Pablo Santamarina-Ojeda
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940 El Entrego, Asturias, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Network in Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940 El Entrego, Asturias, Spain; Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Rubén Nogueiras
- Department of Physiology, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), 28029 Madrid, Spain; Galician Agency of Innovation (GAIN), Xunta de Galicia, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Javier de Las Heras
- Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; Division of Paediatric Metabolism, CIBERER, MetabERN, Cruces University Hospital, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain.; Department of Paediatrics, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Rajiv Jalan
- Liver Failure Group, Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, University College London, Royal Free Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Teresa C Delgado
- Liver Disease Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Bizkaia, Spain; Biobizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain.
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Liu D, Chen P. Binary Bacillus subtilis protects the intestinal mucosa barrier and alleviates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Animal Model Exp Med 2024; 7:362-366. [PMID: 37469297 PMCID: PMC11228086 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by liver steatosis, inflammation, and even fibrosis. NASH is likely to develop into cirrhosis and liver cancer, the major causes of liver related deaths. We aimed to study the effect of probiotics on NASH via the gut-liver axis. METHODS Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups. A control group of 10 rats was fed on a standard chow for 16 weeks. Twenty rats fed on a high-fat diet for 8 weeks were separated to two groups: a model group (10 rats) fed on vehicle for 8 weeks and a treatment group (10 rats) supplemented with binary Bacillus subtilis for 8 weeks. Hepatic expression of IL-6 and TNF-ɑ and ileum expression of IL-17 and occludin were measured. RESULTS The high-fat diet caused inflammation of the liver and ileum in rats. Binary Bacillus subtilis treatment reduces liver inflammation through the intestinal liver axis. Increased levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were detected in rats fed a high-fat diet, which were reduced to lower levels after treatment with binary Bacillus subtilis. In rats on the high-fat diet, elevated IL-17 levels and decreased occludin levels were observed. Treatment with Bacillus subtilis reduced IL-17 levels and restored the expression of occludin. CONCLUSION Binary Bacillus subtilis has a beneficial effect on liver inflammation and intestinal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Pengguo Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Mei EH, Yao C, Chen YN, Nan SX, Qi SC. Multifunctional role of oral bacteria in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:688-702. [PMID: 38818294 PMCID: PMC11135273 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of liver disorders of varying severity, ultimately leading to fibrosis. This spectrum primarily consists of NAFL and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. The pathogenesis of NAFLD is closely associated with disturbances in the gut microbiota and impairment of the intestinal barrier. Non-gut commensal flora, particularly bacteria, play a pivotal role in the progression of NAFLD. Notably, Porphyromonas gingivalis, a principal bacterium involved in periodontitis, is known to facilitate lipid accumulation, augment immune responses, and induce insulin resistance, thereby exacerbating fibrosis in cases of periodontitis-associated NAFLD. The influence of oral microbiota on NAFLD via the "oral-gut-liver" axis is gaining recognition, offering a novel perspective for NAFLD management through microbial imbalance correction. This review endeavors to encapsulate the intricate roles of oral bacteria in NAFLD and explore underlying mechanisms, emphasizing microbial control strategies as a viable therapeutic avenue for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Hua Mei
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxiofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxiofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yi-Nan Chen
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Shun-Xue Nan
- Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Sheng-Cai Qi
- Department of Prothodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxiofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200000, China.
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Miyamoto Y, Kikuta J, Matsui T, Hasegawa T, Fujii K, Okuzaki D, Liu YC, Yoshioka T, Seno S, Motooka D, Uchida Y, Yamashita E, Kobayashi S, Eguchi H, Morii E, Tryggvason K, Shichita T, Kayama H, Atarashi K, Kunisawa J, Honda K, Takeda K, Ishii M. Periportal macrophages protect against commensal-driven liver inflammation. Nature 2024; 629:901-909. [PMID: 38658756 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07372-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The liver is the main gateway from the gut, and the unidirectional sinusoidal flow from portal to central veins constitutes heterogenous zones, including the periportal vein (PV) and the pericentral vein zones1-5. However, functional differences in the immune system in each zone remain poorly understood. Here intravital imaging revealed that inflammatory responses are suppressed in PV zones. Zone-specific single-cell transcriptomics detected a subset of immunosuppressive macrophages enriched in PV zones that express high levels of interleukin-10 and Marco, a scavenger receptor that sequesters pro-inflammatory pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns, and consequently suppress immune responses. Induction of Marco+ immunosuppressive macrophages depended on gut microbiota. In particular, a specific bacterial family, Odoribacteraceae, was identified to induce this macrophage subset through its postbiotic isoallolithocholic acid. Intestinal barrier leakage resulted in inflammation in PV zones, which was markedly augmented in Marco-deficient conditions. Chronic liver inflammatory diseases such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) showed decreased numbers of Marco+ macrophages. Functional ablation of Marco+ macrophages led to PSC-like inflammatory phenotypes related to colitis and exacerbated steatosis in NASH in animal experimental models. Collectively, commensal bacteria induce Marco+ immunosuppressive macrophages, which consequently limit excessive inflammation at the gateway of the liver. Failure of this self-limiting system promotes hepatic inflammatory disorders such as PSC and NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Miyamoto
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Kikuta
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Matsui
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Hasegawa
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Fujii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuya Yoshioka
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeto Seno
- Department of Bioinformatic Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Motooka
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Uchida
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Erika Yamashita
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shogo Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Eguchi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiichi Morii
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Karl Tryggvason
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-NUS, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Takashi Shichita
- Laboratory for Neuroinflammation and Repair, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisako Kayama
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Atarashi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenya Honda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Takeda
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- WPI-Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Life-omics Research Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiative, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
- Laboratory of Bioimaging and Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan.
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Wen Y, Zhang T, Zhang B, Wang F, Wei X, Wei Y, Ma X, Tang X. Comprehensive bibliometric and visualized analysis of research on gut-liver axis published from 1998 to 2022. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27819. [PMID: 38496853 PMCID: PMC10944270 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The concept of the gut-liver axis was proposed by Marshall in 1998, and since then, this hypothesis has been gradually accepted by the academic community. Many publications have been published on the gut-liver axis, making it important to assess the scientific implications of these studies and the trends in this field. Methods Publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Microsoft Excel, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Scimago Graphica software were used for bibliometric analysis. Results A total of 776 publications from the Web of Science core database were included in this study. In the past 25 years, the number of publications on the gut-liver axis has shown an upward trend, particularly in the past 3 years (2020-2022). China had the highest number of publications (267 articles, 34.4%). However, the United States was at the top regarding influence and international cooperation in this field. The University of California San Diego had contributed the most publications. Suk, Ki Tae and Schnabl, Bernd were tied for the first rank in most publications. Thematic hotspots and frontiers were focused on gut microbiota, microbial metabolite, intestinal permeability, bacterial translocation, bile acid, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and alcoholic liver disease. Conclusion Our study is the first bibliometric analysis of literature using visualization software to present the current research status of the gut-liver axis over the past 25 years. The damage and repair of intestinal barrier function, as well as the disruption of gut microbiota and host metabolism, should be a focus of attention. This study can provide a reference for later researchers to understand the global research trends, hotspots, and frontiers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongtian Wen
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tai Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beihua Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengyun Wang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Wei
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuchen Wei
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangxue Ma
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xudong Tang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Chen P, Li Y, Dai Y, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Li G. Advances in the Pathogenesis of Metabolic Liver Disease-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:581-594. [PMID: 38525158 PMCID: PMC10960512 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s450460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer globally and the primary cause of death in cancer cases, with significant public health concern worldwide. Despite the overall decline in the incidence and mortality rates of HCC in recent years in recent years, the emergence of metabolic liver disease-related HCC is causing heightened concern, especially in countries like the United States, the United Kingdom, and P.R. China. The escalation of metabolic liver disease-related HCC is attributed to a combination of factors, including genetic predisposition, lifestyle choices, and changes in the living environment. However, the pathogenesis of metabolic liver disease-associated HCC remains imperfect. In this review, we encapsulate the latest advances and essential aspects of the pathogenesis of metabolic liver disease-associated HCC, including alcoholic liver disease (ALD), metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and inherited metabolic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinggui Chen
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaoxuan Li
- Department of School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunyan Dai
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunpeng Zhou
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gaopeng Li
- Department of Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People’s Republic of China
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10
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Dawood RM, Salum GM, Abd El-Meguid M, Fotouh BES. Molecular Insights of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Pathogenesis. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2024; 44:111-123. [PMID: 38301145 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2023.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most prevalent chronic liver disease. Many hepatic abnormalities are associated with NAFLD such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, progressive fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver failure. Moreover, the pathogenesis of NAFLD has numerous etiologies and can be explained due to the existence of several of stimulus that act simultaneously on genetically susceptible patients. These stimuli include obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance. In addition, identifying the role of gut microbiota on NAFLD progression has been illustrated. In this review, we clarified the several factors that lead to the development of NAFLD and identify those who are most at risk of developing liver end-stage disease. Highlighting the noninvasive diagnostic NAFLD markers could be helpful in the disease prevention and treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Mohammed Dawood
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ghada Maher Salum
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mai Abd El-Meguid
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
| | - Basma El-Sayed Fotouh
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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11
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Wang X, Zhang L, Dong B. Molecular mechanisms in MASLD/MASH-related HCC. Hepatology 2024:01515467-990000000-00739. [PMID: 38349726 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Liver cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths and ranks as the sixth most prevalent cancer type globally. NAFLD or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and its more severe manifestation, NASH or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH), pose a significant global health concern, affecting approximately 20%-25% of the population. The increased prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and MASH is parallel to the increasing rates of obesity-associated metabolic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, and fatty liver diseases. MASH can progress to MASH-related HCC (MASH-HCC) in about 2% of cases each year, influenced by various factors such as genetic mutations, carcinogen exposure, immune microenvironment, and microbiome. MASH-HCC exhibits distinct molecular and immune characteristics compared to other causes of HCC and affects both men and women equally. The management of early to intermediate-stage MASH-HCC typically involves surgery and locoregional therapies, while advanced HCC is treated with systemic therapies, including anti-angiogenic therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this comprehensive review, we consolidate previous research findings while also providing the most current insights into the intricate molecular processes underlying MASH-HCC development. We delve into MASH-HCC-associated genetic variations and somatic mutations, disease progression and research models, multiomics analysis, immunological and microenvironmental impacts, and discuss targeted/combined therapies to overcome immune evasion and the biomarkers to recognize treatment responders. By furthering our comprehension of the molecular mechanisms underlying MASH-HCC, our goal is to catalyze the advancement of more potent treatment strategies, ultimately leading to enhanced patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Liang Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bingning Dong
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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12
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Su C, Wang J, Luo H, Chen J, Lin F, Mo J, Xiong F, Zha L. Gut Microbiota Plays Essential Roles in Soyasaponin's Preventive Bioactivities against Steatohepatitis in the Methionine and Choline Deficient (MCD) Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300561. [PMID: 38234006 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Gut microbiota (GM) is involved in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) development. Phytochemicals soyasaponins can prevent NASH possibly by modulating GM. This study aims to investigate the preventive bioactivities of soyasaponin monomers (SS-A1 and SS-Bb) against NASH and explores the mechanisms by targeting GM. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6 mice are fed with methionine and choline deficient (MCD) diet containing SS-A1 , SS-Bb, or not for 16 weeks. Antibiotics-treated pseudo germ-free (PGF) mice are fed with MCD diet containing SS-A1 , SS-Bb, or not for 8 weeks. GM is determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Bile acids (BAs) are measured by UPLC-MS/MS. In NASH mice, SS-A1 and SS-Bb alleviate steatohepatitis and fibrosis, reduce ALT, AST, and LPS in serum, decrease TNF-α, IL-6, α-SMA, triglycerides, and cholesterol in liver. SS-A1 and SS-Bb decrease Firmicutes, Erysipelotrichaceae, unidentified-Clostridiales, Eggerthellaceae, Atopobiaceae, Aerococcus, Jeotgalicoccus, Gemella, Rikenella, increase Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Akkermansiaceae, Romboutsia, and Roseburia. SS-A1 and SS-Bb alter BAs composition in liver, serum, and feces, activate farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in liver and ileum, increase occludin and ZO-1 in intestine. However, GM clearance abrogates the preventive bioactivities of SS-A1 and SS-Bb against NASH. CONCLUSION GM plays essential roles in soyasaponin's preventive bioactivities against steatohepatitis in MCD diet-induced NASH mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuhong Su
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jiexian Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Huiyu Luo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Junbin Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Fengjuan Lin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Mo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
| | - Fei Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510280, P. R. China
| | - Longying Zha
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA), Key Laboratory for Safety Evaluation of Cosmetics, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, P. R. China
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13
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Bourayou E, Perchet T, Meunier S, Bouvier H, Mailhe MP, Melanitou E, Cumano A, Golub R. Bone marrow monocytes sustain NK cell-poiesis during non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113676. [PMID: 38217855 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the predominant lymphocyte population in the liver. At the onset of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an accumulation of activated NK cells is observed in the liver in parallel with inflammatory monocyte recruitment and an increased systemic inflammation. Using in vivo and in vitro experiments, we unveil a specific stimulation of NK cell-poiesis during NASH by medullary monocytes that trans-present interleukin-15 (IL-15) and secrete osteopontin, a biomarker for patients with NASH. This cellular dialogue leads to increased survival and maturation of NK precursors that are recruited to the liver, where they dampen the inflammatory monocyte infiltration. The increase in the production of both osteopontin and the IL-15/IL-15Rα complex by bone marrow monocytes is induced by endotoxemia. We propose a tripartite gut-liver-bone marrow axis regulating the immune population dynamics and effector functions during liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Bourayou
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Thibaut Perchet
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Meunier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France; Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), INSERM U955, 94000 Créteil, France
| | - Hugo Bouvier
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Marie-Pierre Mailhe
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Evie Melanitou
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Ana Cumano
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Rachel Golub
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1223, Lymphocyte and Immunity Unit, 75015 Paris, France.
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14
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Kim HY, Lim Y, Jang JS, Ko YK, Choi Y, Kim H, Choi B. Extracellular vesicles from periodontal pathogens regulate hepatic steatosis via Toll-like receptor 2 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. J Extracell Vesicles 2024; 13:e12407. [PMID: 38251423 PMCID: PMC10801670 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by lipid accumulation in the liver. In this study, we showed that extracellular vesicles (EVs) from the periodontal pathogens Filifactor alocis and Porphyromonas gingivalis induced steatosis by inducing PAI-1 in the liver and serum of mice fed a low-fat diet. PAI-1 induction was not observed in TLR2-/- mice. When tested using HEK-Blue hTLR2 cells, human TLR2 reporter cells, the TLR2-activating ability of serum from NAFLD patients (n = 100) was significantly higher than that of serum from healthy subjects (n = 100). Correlation analysis confirmed that PAI-1 levels were positively correlated with the TLR2-activating ability of serum from NAFLD patients and healthy subjects. Amphiphilic molecules in EVs were involved in PAI-1 induction. Our data demonstrate that the TLR2/PAI-1 axis is important for hepatic steatosis by EVs of periodontal pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Young Kim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Dental Research InstituteSchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Younggap Lim
- Department of Oral Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji Sun Jang
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yeon Kyeong Ko
- Department of Immunology and Molecular MicrobiologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Youngnim Choi
- Department of Immunology and Molecular MicrobiologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Dental Research InstituteSchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hong‐Hee Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
- Dental Research InstituteSchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Bong‐Kyu Choi
- Department of Oral Microbiology and ImmunologySchool of DentistrySeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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15
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Nicastro E, D'Antiga L. Nutritional Interventions, Probiotics, Synbiotics and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Steatotic Liver Disease : Pediatric Fatty Liver and Probiotics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1449:113-133. [PMID: 39060734 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58572-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a major health problem worldwide, and the strongest determinant of liver disease in children. The possible influence of high-fat/low-fiber dietary patterns with microbiota (e.g., increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio), and ultimately with MASLD occurrence and progression has been elucidated by several association studies. The possible mechanisms through which microbes exert their detrimental effects on MASLD include gut vascular barrier damage, a shift towards non-tolerogenic immunologic environment, and the detrimental metabolic changes, including a relative reduction of propionate and butyrate in favor of acetate, endogenous ethanol production, and impairment of the unconjugated bile acid-driven FXR-mediated gut-liver axis. The impact of nutritional and probiotic interventions in children with MASLD is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Nicastro
- Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Transplantation Unit, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy.
| | - Lorenzo D'Antiga
- Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology, and Transplantation Unit, Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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16
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Martínez-Sanz J, Talavera-Rodríguez A, Díaz-Álvarez J, Rosas Cancio-Suárez M, Rodríguez JM, Alba C, Montes ML, Martín-Mateos R, Burgos-Santamaría D, Moreno S, Serrano-Villar S, Sánchez-Conde M. A gut microbiome signature for HIV and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1297378. [PMID: 38162648 PMCID: PMC10755913 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1297378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), has emerged as an increasingly recognized problem among people living with HIV (PLWH). The gut-liver axis is considered to be strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of MASLD. We aimed to characterize the gut microbiota composition in PLWH and MASLD and compare it with that of two control groups: PLWH without MASLD and individuals with MASLD without HIV infection. Methods We collected clinical data and stool samples from participants. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified, sequenced, and clustered into operational taxonomic unit. Alpha diversity was studied by Shannon and Simpson indexes. To study how different the gut microbiota composition is between the different groups, beta diversity estimation was evaluated by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity. To further analyze differences in microbiome composition we performed a linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe). Results We included 30 HIV+MASLD+, 30 HIV+MASLD- and 20 HIV-MASLD+ participants. Major butyrate producers, including Faecalibacterium, Ruminococcus, and Lachnospira dominated the microbiota in all three groups. Shannon's and Simpson's diversity metrics were higher among MASLD+ individuals (Kruskal-Wallis p = 0.047). Beta diversity analysis showed distinct clustering in MASLD-, with MASLD+ participants overlapping regardless of HIV status (ADONIS significance <0.001). MASLD was associated with increased homogeneity across individuals, in contrast to that observed in the HIV+NAFDL- group, in which the dispersion was higher (Permanova test, p value <0.001; ANOSIM, p value <0.001). MASLD but not HIV determined a different microbiota structure (HIV+MASLD- vs. HIV+MASLD+, q-value = 0.002; HIV-MASLD+ vs. HIV+MASLD+, q-value = 0.930; and HIV-MASLD+ vs. HIV+MASLD-, q-value < 0.001). The most abundant genera in MASLD- were Prevotella, Bacteroides, Dialister, Acidaminococcos, Alloprevotella, and Catenibacterium. In contrast, the most enriched genera in MASLD+ were Ruminococcus, Streptococcus, Holdemanella, Blautia, and Lactobacillus. Conclusions We found a microbiome signature linked to MASLD, which had a greater influence on the overall structure of the gut microbiota than HIV status alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martínez-Sanz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Talavera-Rodríguez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Díaz-Álvarez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Rosas Cancio-Suárez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Miguel Rodríguez
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudio Alba
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Luisa Montes
- HIV Unit - Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Martín-Mateos
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Metabolic Liver Disease Clinic, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Burgos-Santamaría
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Metabolic Liver Disease Clinic, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Moreno
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Serrano-Villar
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matilde Sánchez-Conde
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Hsu CL, Schnabl B. The gut-liver axis and gut microbiota in health and liver disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:719-733. [PMID: 37316582 PMCID: PMC10794111 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00904-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The trillions of microorganisms in the human intestine are important regulators of health, and disruptions in the gut microbial communities can cause disease. The gut, liver and immune system have a symbiotic relationship with these microorganisms. Environmental factors, such as high-fat diets and alcohol consumption, can disrupt and alter microbial communities. This dysbiosis can lead to dysfunction of the intestinal barrier, translocation of microbial components to the liver and development or progression of liver disease. Changes in metabolites produced by gut microorganisms can also contribute to liver disease. In this Review, we discuss the importance of the gut microbiota in maintenance of health and the alterations in microbial mediators that contribute to liver disease. We present strategies for modulation of the intestinal microbiota and/or their metabolites as potential treatments for liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Hsu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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18
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Ma MH, Gao LL, Chen CB, Gu FL, Wu SQ, Li F, Han BX. Dendrobium huoshanense Polysaccharide Improves High-Fat Diet Induced Liver Injury by Regulating the Gut-Liver Axis. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300980. [PMID: 37831331 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Dendrobium huoshanense is an important Traditional Chinese medicine that thickens the stomach and intestines. Its active ingredient Dendrobium huoshanense polysaccharide (DHP), was revealed to relieve the symptoms of liver injury. However, its mechanism of action remains poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of DHP in protecting the liver. The effects of DHP on lipid levels, liver function, and intestinal barrier function were investigated in mice with high-fat diet-induced liver damage. Changes in the gut flora and their metabolites were analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics. The results showed that DHP reduced lipid levels, liver injury, and intestinal permeability. DHP altered the intestinal flora structure and increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium animalis and Clostridium disporicum. Furthermore, fecal metabolomics revealed that DHP altered fecal metabolites and significantly increased levels of gut-derived metabolites, spermidine, and indole, which have been reported to inhibit liver injury and improve lipid metabolism and the intestinal barrier. Correlation analysis showed that spermidine and indole levels were significantly negatively correlated with liver injury-related parameters and positively correlated with the intestinal species B. animalis enriched by DHP. Overall, this study confirmed that DHP prevented liver injury by regulating intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and fecal metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hua Ma
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Institute of Anhui Dabie Mountain, West Anhui University, Lu'an City, 237012, China
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an City, 237012, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lu'an City, 237012, China
| | - Lei-Lei Gao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Institute of Anhui Dabie Mountain, West Anhui University, Lu'an City, 237012, China
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an City, 237012, China
| | - Chuang-Bo Chen
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an City, 237012, China
| | - Fang-Li Gu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Institute of Anhui Dabie Mountain, West Anhui University, Lu'an City, 237012, China
| | - Si-Qi Wu
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an City, 237012, China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an City, 237012, China
| | - Bang-Xing Han
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Institute of Anhui Dabie Mountain, West Anhui University, Lu'an City, 237012, China
- College of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an City, 237012, China
- Anhui Engineering Research Center for Eco-agriculture of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lu'an City, 237012, China
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19
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Lee DH, Jee JJ, Lee YS, Kim DY, Bang JY, Lee HW, Koh H, Bae SH. Fecal microbiota transplantation improves hepatic fibro-inflammation via regulating oxidative stress in experimental NASH. Dig Liver Dis 2023; 55:1521-1532. [PMID: 37380586 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is associated with imbalance of gut microbiome, indicating participation of gut environment in hepatic health status. Therefore, modulating gut environment via fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising therapeutic procedure for NASH patients. However, the effect and mechanism of the FMT remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated the gut-liver axis to understand the FMT-mediated hepatic improvement in NASH. Feces from specific pathogen free mice were infused allogeneically into gastrointestinal tract of mice fed with high fat, high cholesterol and fructose (HFHCF), resulting in suppressing hepatic pathogenic events, featured by decreasing inflammatory and fibrotic mediators. The FMT elevated NF-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2), a key transcription factor that regulates antioxidant enzymes, in livers. The HFHCF-induced NASH increased intestinal permeability with abundant Facklamia and Aerococcus, an imbalanced gut environment that was significantly improved by the FMT, characterized with restoration of intestinal barrier function and an enrichment of Clostridium. Notably, the gut environment created by FMT was inferred to produce metabolites from the aromatic biogenic amine degradation pathway, specifically 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPA), which is known to ameliorate liver injury. We suggest that gut-derived molecules, related to hepatic improvement such as 4-HPA are the potential therapeutic agents for preventing and treating NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hyun Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai J Jee
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Seol Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Ye Kim
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Bang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Koh
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Severance Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Soo Han Bae
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea.
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20
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Li J, Huang J, Lv Y, Ji H. Association between dietary intakes of B vitamins and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1272321. [PMID: 37927496 PMCID: PMC10621796 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1272321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasingly common globally, particularly among postmenopausal women. Diet plays a fundamental role in the treatment of NAFLD. However, clinical research on the dietary intakes of B vitamins, specifically in postmenopausal women, is scant. Hence, it is imperative to study the impact of B vitamin dietary intake in postmenopausal women. Methods This study utilized National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data for 668 postmenopausal women. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the association of the intakes of B vitamins with hepatic steatosis and liver fibrosis prevalence. The analysis accounted for various covariates and employed restricted cubic spline analysis to examine potential nonlinear relationships. Additionally, interactions among age, diabetes, and B-vitamin intakes, as well as the interaction between folate and vitamin B12 intake, were explored. Results Higher intakes of folate [0.30 (0.10-0.88)], choline [0.26 (0.07-0.95)], vitamin B1, and vitamin B2 were associated with a reduced risk of hepatic steatosis in postmenopausal women. The associations of niacin (P-nonlinear = 0.0003), vitamin B1 (P-nonlinear = 0.036), and vitamin B2 (P-nonlinear<0.0001) intakes with hepatic steatosis showed a nonlinear pattern. However, no significant associations were observed between the intakes of niacin, vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 and hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, there were no significant associations between B-vitamin intakes and liver fibrosis. No interaction effects were observed. Conclusion Dietary intakes of folate, choline, vitamin B1, and vitamin B2 may be associated with liver steatosis in postmenopausal women, these results suggest that optimizing the intake of these specific B vitamins may have a protective effect against liver steatosis in postmenopausal women, offering valuable insights into potential dietary strategies to promote their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medicine, Infectious Disease. and Pathogen Biology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jingda Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yanqing Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medicine, Infectious Disease. and Pathogen Biology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huifan Ji
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Medicine, Infectious Disease. and Pathogen Biology Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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21
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Li ZM, Kong CY, Mao YQ, Chen HL, Zhang SL, Huang JT, Yao JQ, Cai PR, Xie N, Han B, Wang LS. Host ALDH2 deficiency aggravates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through gut-liver axis. Pharmacol Res 2023; 196:106902. [PMID: 37657657 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the major cause of liver dysfunction. Animal and population studies have shown that mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) is implicated in fatty liver disease. However, the role of ALDH2 in NASH and the underlying mechanisms remains unclear. To address this issue, ALDH2 knockout (ALDH2-/-) mice and wild-type littermate mice were fed a methionine-and choline-deficient (MCD) diet to induce a NASH model. Fecal, serum, and liver samples were collected and analyzed to investigate the impact of the gut microbiota and bile acids on this process. We found that MCD-fed ALDH2-/- mice exhibited increased serum pro-inflammation cytokines, hepatic inflammation and fat accumulation than their wild-type littermates. MCD-fed ALDH2-/- mice exhibited worsened MCD-induced intestinal inflammation and barrier damage, and gut microbiota disorder. Furthermore, mice receiving microbiota from MCD-fed ALDH2-/- mice had increased severity of NASH compared to those receiving microbiota from MCD-fed wild-type mice. Notably, the intestinal Lactobacillus was significantly reduced in MCD-fed ALDH2-/- mice, and gavage with Lactobacillus cocktail significantly improved MCD-induced NASH. Finally, we found that ALDH2-/- mice had reduced levels of bile salt hydrolase and specific bile acids, especially lithocholic acid (LCA), accompanied by downregulated expression of the intestinal FXR-FGF15 pathway. Supplementation of LCA in ALDH2-/- mice upregulated intestinal FXR-FGF15 pathway and alleviated NASH. In summary, ALDH2 plays a critical role in the development of NASH through modulation of gut microbiota and bile acid. The findings suggest that supplementing with Lactobacillus or LCA could be a promising therapeutic approach for treating NASH exacerbated by ALDH2 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan-Ming Li
- Center for traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Chao-Yue Kong
- Center for traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Yu-Qin Mao
- Center for traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Hui-Ling Chen
- Center for traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Shi-Long Zhang
- Center for traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Jia-Ting Huang
- Center for traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin-Qing Yao
- Center for traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Pei-Ran Cai
- Center for traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Nuo Xie
- Center for traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Bing Han
- Center for traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
| | - Li-Shun Wang
- Center for traditional Chinese medicine and gut microbiota, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China; Institute of Fudan-Minhang Academic Health System, Minhang Hospital, Fudan University, 201199 Shanghai, China.
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22
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Golubeva JA, Sheptulina AF, Elkina AY, Liusina EO, Kiselev AR, Drapkina OM. Which Comes First, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease or Arterial Hypertension? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2465. [PMID: 37760906 PMCID: PMC10525922 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and arterial hypertension (AH) are widespread noncommunicable diseases in the global population. Since hypertension and NAFLD are diseases associated with metabolic syndrome, they are often comorbid. In fact, many contemporary published studies confirm the association of these diseases with each other, regardless of whether other metabolic factors, such as obesity, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellites, are present. This narrative review considers the features of the association between NAFLD and AH, as well as possible pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia A. Golubeva
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna F. Sheptulina
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Yu. Elkina
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Intermediate Level Therapy, Saratov State Medical University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
| | - Ekaterina O. Liusina
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anton R. Kiselev
- Coordinating Center for Fundamental Research, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
| | - Oxana M. Drapkina
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Aspects of Obesity, National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine, 101990 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Therapy and Preventive Medicine, A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473 Moscow, Russia
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23
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Luo K, Chen Y, Fang S, Wang S, Wu Z, Li H. Study on inflammation and fibrogenesis in MAFLD from 2000 to 2022: a bibliometric analysis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1231520. [PMID: 37720529 PMCID: PMC10500306 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1231520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and fibrosis are significant factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of publications on inflammation and fibrogenesis in MAFLD, with a focus on reporting publication trends. Our findings indicate that the USA and China are the most productive countries in the field, with the University of California San Diego being the most productive institution. Over the past 23 years, Prof. Diehl AM has published 25 articles that significantly contributed to the research community. Notably, the research focus of the field has shifted from morbid obesity and adiponectin to metabolic syndrome, genetics, and microbiome. Our study provides a comprehensive and objective summary of the historical characteristics of research on inflammation and fibrogenesis in MAFLD, which will be of interest to scientific researchers in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuanhong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuzheng Fang
- College of Art and Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Siqi Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixin Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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24
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Ng JJJ, Loo WM, Siah KTH. Associations between irritable bowel syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:925-938. [PMID: 37547029 PMCID: PMC10401413 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i7.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is associated with obesity and metabolic syndrome. IBS and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are highly prevalent entities worldwide and may share similar mechanisms including gut dysbiosis, impaired intestinal mucosal barrier and immune system activation.
AIM To systematically review their association according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Review and Meta-analyses guidelines.
METHODS PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched for relevant papers. Manual searches were also performed.
RESULTS Six studies were included. Both IBS and NAFLD subjects had significantly more metabolic risk factors like hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia and diabetes. Our review showed that 23.2% to 29.4% of NAFLD patients had IBS. IBS was significantly higher in NAFLD patients compared with patients without NAFLD (23.2% vs 12.5%, P < 0.01). A higher proportion of IBS patients had NAFLD (65.8% to 74.0%). IBS patients were three times more likely to have NAFLD compared with non-IBS patients (P < 0.001). Two studies showed a significant correlation between the severity of IBS and NAFLD. The proportion of NAFLD subjects with IBS increased with NAFLD severity.
CONCLUSION Further prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the relationship and shared pathways between IBS and NAFLD, potentially leading to the development of future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jareth Jun Jie Ng
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Wai Mun Loo
- AliveoMedical, Mount Alvernia and Mount Elizabeth Hospitals, Singapore 574623, Singapore
| | - Kewin Tien Ho Siah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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25
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Hsu CL, Wang Y, Duan Y, Chu H, Hartmann P, Llorente C, Zhou R, Schnabl B. Differences in Bacterial Translocation and Liver Injury in Ethanol Versus Diet-Induced Liver Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2023; 68:3059-3069. [PMID: 36807831 PMCID: PMC10313731 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-07860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are two of the most common etiologies of chronic liver disease worldwide. Changes in intestinal permeability and increased gut microbial translocation have been posited as important contributors to inflammation in both ALD and NAFLD. However, gut microbial translocation has not been compared between the two etiologies and can lead to better understanding of the differences in their pathogenesis to liver disease. METHODS We compared serum and liver markers in the following five models of liver disease to understand the differences in the role of gut microbial translocation on liver disease progression caused by ethanol versus Western diet: (1) 8-week chronic ethanol feeding model. (2) 2-week chronic-plus-binge (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA)) ethanol feeding model. (3) 2-week chronic-plus-binge (NIAAA) ethanol feeding model in microbiota-humanized gnotobiotic mice colonized with stool from patients with alcohol-associated hepatitis. (4) 20-week Western-diet-feeding model of NASH. (5) 20-week Western-diet-feeding model in microbiota-humanized gnotobiotic mice colonized with stool from NASH patients. RESULTS Translocation of bacterial lipopolysaccharide to the peripheral circulation was seen in both ethanol-induced and diet-induced liver disease, but translocation of bacteria itself was restricted to only ethanol-induced liver disease. Moreover, the diet-induced steatohepatitis models developed more significant liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis compared with ethanol-induced liver disease models, and this positively correlated with the level of lipopolysaccharide translocation. CONCLUSIONS More significant liver injury, inflammation, and fibrosis are seen in diet-induced steatohepatitis, which positively correlates with translocation of bacterial components, but not intact bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Hsu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, MC0063, USA
| | - Yanhan Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, MC0063, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yi Duan
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, MC0063, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Huikuan Chu
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, MC0063, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Phillipp Hartmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Llorente
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, MC0063, USA
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, MC0063, USA
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bernd Schnabl
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, MC0063, USA.
- Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA.
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26
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Kaufmann B, Seyfried N, Hartmann D, Hartmann P. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-associated liver disease. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 325:G42-G61. [PMID: 37129252 PMCID: PMC10312326 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00017.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The use of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics has become an important therapy in numerous gastrointestinal diseases in recent years. Modifying the gut microbiota, this therapeutic approach helps to restore a healthy microbiome. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-associated liver disease are among the leading causes of chronic liver disease worldwide. A disrupted intestinal barrier, microbial translocation, and an altered gut microbiome metabolism, or metabolome, are crucial in the pathogenesis of these chronic liver diseases. As pro-, pre-, and synbiotics modulate these targets, they were identified as possible new treatment options for liver disease. In this review, we highlight the current findings on clinical and mechanistic effects of this therapeutic approach in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-associated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Kaufmann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nick Seyfried
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Phillipp Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
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Abstract
The understanding of the mechanisms of liver fibrosis has been dominated by models in which chronic hepatocellular injury is the initiating step as is seen with viral infections. The increased prevalence of the metabolic syndrome, and the increases in liver fibrosis due to metabolic syndrome driven non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has made it a priority to understand how this type of liver fibrosis is similar to, and different from, pure hepatocellular injury driven liver fibrosis. Both types of liver fibrosis have the transformation of the hepatic stellate cell (HSC) into a myofibroblast as a key step. In metabolic syndrome, there is little evidence that metabolite changes such as high levels of glucose and free fatty acids are directly inducing HSC transdifferentiation, however, metabolite changes may lead to reductions in immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective molecules such as lipoxins, resolvins and Interleukin (IL)-22. Cells of the innate immune system are known to be important intermediaries between hepatocellular damage and HSC transdifferentiation, primarily by producing cytokines such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Resident and infiltrating macrophages are the dominant innate immune cells, but others (dendritic cells, neutrophils, natural killer T cells and mucosal-associated invariant T cells) also have important roles in inducing and resolving liver fibrosis. CD8+ and CD4+ T cells of the adaptive immune system have been identified to have greater profibrotic roles than previously realised by inducing hepatocyte death (auto-aggressive CD8+T) cells and cytokines producing (TH17 producing CD4+T) cells. Finally, the cellular networks present in NASH fibrosis are being identified and suggest that once fibrosis has developed cell-to-cell communication is dominated by myofibroblasts autocrine signalling followed by communication with cholangiocytes and endothelial cells, with myofibroblast-hepatocyte, and myofibroblast-macrophage signalling having minor roles. Such information is essential to the development of antifibrotic strategies for different stages of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajahat Mehal
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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28
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Alomari M, Rashid MU, Chadalavada P, Ragheb J, Zafar H, Suarez ZK, Khazaaleh S, Gonzalez AJ, Castro FJ. Comparison between metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: From nomenclature to clinical outcomes. World J Hepatol 2023; 15:477-496. [PMID: 37206648 PMCID: PMC10190689 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v15.i4.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of the obesity epidemic, Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its complications have increased among millions of people. Consequently, a group of experts recommended changing the term NAFLD to an inclusive terminology more reflective of the underlying pathogenesis; metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD). This new term of MAFLD has its own disease epidemiology and clinical outcomes prompting efforts in studying its differences from NAFLD. This article discusses the rationale behind the nomenclature change, the main differences, and its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alomari
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, United States
| | - Mamoon Ur Rashid
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, United States
| | - Pravallika Chadalavada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, United States
| | - Jonathan Ragheb
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, United States
| | - Hammad Zafar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, United States
| | - Zoilo Karim Suarez
- Department of Internal Medicine, Florida Atlantic University Charles E Schmidt College of Medicine, Boca Raton, FL 33431, United States
| | - Shrouq Khazaaleh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Fairview Hospital, Cleveland, OH 44126, United States
| | - Adalberto Jose Gonzalez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, United States
| | - Fernando J Castro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cleveland Clinic Florida, Weston, FL 33331, United States
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29
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Tong L, Zhang S, Liu Q, Huang C, Hao H, Tan MS, Yu X, Lou CKL, Huang R, Zhang Z, Liu T, Gong P, Ng CH, Muthiah M, Pastorin G, Wacker MG, Chen X, Storm G, Lee CN, Zhang L, Yi H, Wang JW. Milk-derived extracellular vesicles protect intestinal barrier integrity in the gut-liver axis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade5041. [PMID: 37043568 PMCID: PMC10096581 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) have been proposed as a potential nanomedicine for intestinal disorders; however, their impact on intestinal barrier integrity in gut inflammation and associated metabolic diseases has not been explored yet. Here, mEVs derived from bovine and human breast milk exert similar protective effects on epithelial tight junction functionality in vitro, survive harsh gastrointestinal conditions ex vivo, and reach the colon in vivo. Oral administration of mEVs restores gut barrier integrity at multiple levels, including mucus, epithelial, and immune barriers, and prevents endotoxin translocation into the liver in chemical-induced experimental colitis and diet-induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), thereby alleviating gut disorders, their associated liver inflammation, and NASH. Oral administration of mEVs has potential in the treatment of gut inflammation and gut-liver axis-associated metabolic diseases via protection of intestinal barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Tong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
| | - Sitong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Qiqi Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Chenyuan Huang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Haining Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Michelle Siying Tan
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Xiaodong Yu
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Charles Kang Liang Lou
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Rong Huang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Tongjie Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Pimin Gong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Han Ng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Mark Muthiah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- National University Centre for Organ Transplantation, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giorgia Pastorin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthias Gerhard Wacker
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Departments of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Clinical Imaging Research Centre, Centre for Translational Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cheun Neng Lee
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Lanwei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Huaxi Yi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Jiong-Wei Wang
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore,, 1E Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Nanomedicine Translational Research Programme, Centre for NanoMedicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117609, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Institute (CVRI), National University Heart Centre Singapore (NUHCS), 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive, Singapore 117593, Singapore
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30
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Zhu Y, Zhang H, Jiang P, Xie C, Luo Y, Chen J. Transcriptional and Epigenetic Alterations in the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Biomarkers Helping to Diagnose Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030970. [PMID: 36979950 PMCID: PMC10046227 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a broad spectrum of conditions from simple steatosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver (NAFL)) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and its global prevalence continues to rise. NASH, the progressive form of NAFLD, has higher risks of liver and non-liver related adverse outcomes compared with those patients with NAFL alone. Therefore, the present study aimed to explore the mechanisms in the progression of NAFLD and to develop a model to diagnose NASH based on the transcriptome and epigenome. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) among the three groups (normal, NAFL, and NASH) were identified, and the functional analysis revealed that the development of NAFLD was primarily related to the oxidoreductase-related activity, PPAR signaling pathway, tight junction, and pathogenic Escherichia coli infection. The logistic regression (LR) model, consisting of ApoF, THOP1, and BICC1, outperformed the other five models. With the highest AUC (0.8819, 95%CI: 0.8128-0.9511) and a sensitivity of 97.87%, as well as a specificity of 64.71%, the LR model was determined as the diagnostic model, which can differentiate NASH from NAFL. In conclusion, several potential mechanisms were screened out based on the transcriptome and epigenome, and a diagnostic model was built to help patient stratification for NAFLD populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Zhu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Pengjun Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chengxia Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What Do We Know in 2023? Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061323. [PMID: 36986052 PMCID: PMC10052062 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with the pathological accumulation of lipids inside hepatocytes. Untreated NAFL can progress to non-alcoholic hepatitis (NASH), followed by fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The common denominator of the above-mentioned metabolic disorders seems to be insulin resistance, which occurs in NAFLD patients. Obesity is the greatest risk factor for lipid accumulation inside hepatocytes, but a part of the NAFLD patient population has a normal body weight according to the BMI index. Obese people with or without NAFLD have a higher incidence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and those suffering from NAFLD show increased intestinal permeability, including a more frequent presence of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine (SIBO). The health consequences of SIBO are primarily malabsorption disorders (vitamin B12, iron, choline, fats, carbohydrates and proteins) and bile salt deconjugation. Undetected and untreated SIBO may lead to nutrient and/or energy malnutrition, thus directly impairing liver function (e.g., folic acid and choline deficiency). However, whether SIBO contributes to liver dysfunction, decreased intestinal barrier integrity, increased inflammation, endotoxemia and bacterial translocation is not yet clear. In this review, we focus on gut–liver axis and discuss critical points, novel insights and the role of nutrition, lifestyle, pre- and probiotics, medication and supplements in the therapy and prevention of both SIBO and NAFLD.
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32
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Gart E, van Duyvenvoorde W, Snabel JM, de Ruiter C, Attema J, Caspers MPM, Lek S, van Heuven BJ, Speksnijder AGCL, Giera M, Menke A, Salic K, Bence KK, Tesz GJ, Keijer J, Kleemann R, Morrison MC. Translational characterization of the temporal dynamics of metabolic dysfunctions in liver, adipose tissue and the gut during diet-induced NASH development in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13985. [PMID: 36915476 PMCID: PMC10006542 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background NAFLD progression, from steatosis to inflammation and fibrosis, results from an interplay of intra- and extrahepatic mechanisms. Disease drivers likely include signals from white adipose tissue (WAT) and gut. However, the temporal dynamics of disease development remain poorly understood. Methods High-fat-diet (HFD)-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice were compared to chow-fed controls. At t = 0, 8, 16, 28 and 38w mice were euthanized, and liver, WAT depots and gut were analyzed biochemically, histologically and by lipidomics and transcriptomics together with circulating factors to investigate the sequence of pathogenic events and organ cross-talk during NAFLD development. Results HFD-induced obesity was associated with an increase in visceral fat, plasma lipids and hyperinsulinemia at t = 8w, along with increased liver steatosis and circulating liver damage biomarkers. In parallel, upstream regulator analysis predicted that lipid catabolism regulators were deactivated and lipid synthesis regulators were activated. Subsequently, hepatocyte hypertrophy, oxidative stress and hepatic inflammation developed. Hepatic collagen accumulated from t = 16 w and became pronounced at t = 28-38 w. Epididymal WAT was maximally hypertrophic from t = 8 w, which coincided with inflammation development. Mesenteric and subcutaneous WAT hypertrophy developed slower and did not appear to reach a maximum, with minimal inflammation. In gut, HFD significantly increased permeability, induced a shift in microbiota composition from t = 8 w and changed circulating gut-derived metabolites. Conclusion HFD-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice develop obesity, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, essentially as observed in obese NAFLD patients, underlining their translational value. We demonstrate that marked epididymal-WAT inflammation, and gut permeability and dysbiosis precede the development of NAFLD stressing the importance of a multiple-organ approach in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Gart
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands.,Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van Duyvenvoorde
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jessica M Snabel
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christa de Ruiter
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Joline Attema
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martien P M Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Serene Lek
- Clinnovate Health UK Ltd, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Martin Giera
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Aswin Menke
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kanita Salic
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kendra K Bence
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Internal Medicine Research Unit, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Gregory J Tesz
- Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development & Medical, Internal Medicine Research Unit, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaap Keijer
- Human and Animal Physiology, Wageningen University, 6708 WD Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Martine C Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), 2333 CK Leiden, the Netherlands
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33
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Chen AS, Liu DH, Hou HN, Yao JN, Xiao SC, Ma XR, Li PZ, Cao Q, Liu XK, Zhou ZQ, Wang P. Dietary pattern interfered with the impacts of pesticide exposure by regulating the bioavailability and gut microbiota. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159936. [PMID: 36336046 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake is an essential way for pesticides to enter the human body. The effects of dietary pattern on the risks of pesticides and what diet can reduce the damage are largely unknown. Here, it is found that Mediterranean diet and Vegetarian diet could alleviate insulin resistance and obesity induced by chlorpyrifos, while Western diet could aggravate that. Gut microbiota and chlorpyrifos bioavailability mediated by the diets were involved in these effects. Both the dietary pattern and chlorpyrifos could change the composition of gut microbiota. Chlorpyrifos caused gut dysbacteriosis which was an important reason for the induced metabolic syndrome. Mediterranean diet and Vegetarian diet could maintain gut microbiota homeostasis and increase intestinal bacteria producing short-chain fatty acids, repair the gut microbiota and intestinal barrier damaged by chlorpyrifos. High dietary fat intake increased the bioavailability of chlorpyrifos, which aggravated the gut dysbacteriosis and destruction of intestinal integrity. Thus, the amount of endotoxin entering the blood increased and caused low-grade inflammation, which was also an important pathway of metabolic syndrome. The results suggested that although it was almost impossible to avoid the exposure to pesticides in modern life, healthy diets could regulate beneficial gut microbiota and alleviate the risk of pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Song Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Hui Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Nan Hou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Ning Yao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shou Chun Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Ran Ma
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Pei Ze Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue Ke Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Qiang Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Science, China Agricultural University, No. 2, West Yuanmingyuan Road, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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Corrie L, Awasthi A, Kaur J, Vishwas S, Gulati M, Kaur IP, Gupta G, Kommineni N, Dua K, Singh SK. Interplay of Gut Microbiota in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome: Role of Gut Microbiota, Mechanistic Pathways and Potential Treatment Strategies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:197. [PMID: 37259345 PMCID: PMC9967581 DOI: 10.3390/ph16020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) comprises a set of symptoms that pose significant risk factors for various diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Effective and safe methods to treat all the pathological symptoms of PCOS are not available. The gut microbiota has been shown to play an essential role in PCOS incidence and progression. Many dietary plants, prebiotics, and probiotics have been reported to ameliorate PCOS. Gut microbiota shows its effects in PCOS via a number of mechanistic pathways including maintenance of homeostasis, regulation of lipid and blood glucose levels. The effect of gut microbiota on PCOS has been widely reported in animal models but there are only a few reports of human studies. Increasing the diversity of gut microbiota, and up-regulating PCOS ameliorating gut microbiota are some of the ways through which prebiotics, probiotics, and polyphenols work. We present a comprehensive review on polyphenols from natural origin, probiotics, and fecal microbiota therapy that may be used to treat PCOS by modifying the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Ankit Awasthi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Jaskiran Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Sukriti Vishwas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
| | - Monica Gulati
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jaipur 302017, India
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600007, India
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | | | - Kamal Dua
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
- ARCCIM, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Multifactorial Diseases of the Heart, Kidneys, Lungs, and Liver and Incident Cancer: Epidemiology and Shared Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030729. [PMID: 36765688 PMCID: PMC9913123 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Within the aging population, the frequency of cancer is increasing dramatically. In addition, multiple genetic and environmental factors lead to common multifactorial diseases, including cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease. In recent years, there has been a growing awareness of the connection between cancer and multifactorial diseases, as well as how one can affect the other, resulting in a vicious cycle. Although the exact mechanistic explanations behind this remain to be fully explored, some progress has been made in uncovering the common pathologic mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the nature of the link between cancer and common multifactorial conditions, as well as specific shared mechanisms, some of which may represent either preventive or therapeutic targets. Rather than organ-specific interactions, we herein focus on the shared mechanisms among the multifactorial diseases, which may explain the increased cancer risk. More research on this subject will highlight the significance of developing new drugs that target multiple systems rather than just one disease.
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36
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Wang X, He Q, Zhou C, Xu Y, Liu D, Fujiwara N, Kubota N, Click A, Henderson P, Vancil J, Marquez CA, Gunasekaran G, Schwartz ME, Tabrizian P, Sarpel U, Fiel MI, Diao Y, Sun B, Hoshida Y, Liang S, Zhong Z. Prolonged hypernutrition impairs TREM2-dependent efferocytosis to license chronic liver inflammation and NASH development. Immunity 2023; 56:58-77.e11. [PMID: 36521495 PMCID: PMC9839616 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced chronic liver inflammation is a hallmark of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-an aggressive form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. However, it remains unclear how such a low-grade, yet persistent, inflammation is sustained in the liver. Here, we show that the macrophage phagocytic receptor TREM2, induced by hepatocyte-derived sphingosine-1-phosphate, was required for efferocytosis of lipid-laden apoptotic hepatocytes and thereby maintained liver immune homeostasis. However, prolonged hypernutrition led to the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1β in the liver to induce TREM2 shedding through ADAM17-dependent proteolytic cleavage. Loss of TREM2 resulted in aberrant accumulation of dying hepatocytes, thereby further augmenting proinflammatory cytokine production. This ultimately precipitated a vicious cycle that licensed chronic inflammation to drive simple steatosis transition to NASH. Therefore, impaired macrophage efferocytosis is a previously unrecognized key pathogenic event that enables chronic liver inflammation in obesity. Blocking TREM2 cleavage to restore efferocytosis may represent an effective strategy to treat NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Qifeng He
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chuanli Zhou
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yueyuan Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Regeneration Center, Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Danhui Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Arielle Click
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Polly Henderson
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Janiece Vancil
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Cesia Ammi Marquez
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Ganesh Gunasekaran
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Myron E Schwartz
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Parissa Tabrizian
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Umut Sarpel
- Department of Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Maria Isabel Fiel
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yarui Diao
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; Duke Regeneration Center, Center for Advanced Genomic Technologies, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Beicheng Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Zhenyu Zhong
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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Lee KC, Wu PS, Lin HC. Pathogenesis and treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and its fibrosis. Clin Mol Hepatol 2023; 29:77-98. [PMID: 36226471 PMCID: PMC9845678 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2022.0237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The initial presentation of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is hepatic steatosis. The dysfunction of lipid metabolism within hepatocytes caused by genetic factors, diet, and insulin resistance causes lipid accumulation. Lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress would further contribute to hepatocyte injury and death, leading to inflammation and immune dysfunction in the liver. During the healing process, the accumulation of an excessive amount of fibrosis might occur while healing. During the development of NASH and liver fibrosis, the gut-liver axis, adipose-liver axis, and renin-angiotensin system (RAS) may be dysregulated and impaired. Translocation of bacteria or its end-products entering the liver could activate hepatocytes, Kupffer cells, and hepatic stellate cells, exacerbating hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. Bile acids regulate glucose and lipid metabolism through Farnesoid X receptors in the liver and intestine. Increased adipose tissue-derived non-esterified fatty acids would aggravate hepatic steatosis. Increased leptin also plays a role in hepatic fibrogenesis, and decreased adiponectin may contribute to hepatic insulin resistance. Moreover, dysregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the liver, adipose, and muscle tissues may impair lipid metabolism. In addition, the RAS may contribute to hepatic fatty acid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis. The treatment includes lifestyle modification, pharmacological therapy, and non-pharmacological therapy. Currently, weight reduction by lifestyle modification or surgery is the most effective therapy. However, vitamin E, pioglitazone, and obeticholic acid have also been suggested. In this review, we will introduce some new clinical trials and experimental therapies for the treatment of NASH and related fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuei-Chuan Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Corresponding author : Kuei-Chuan Lee Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan Tel: +886 2 2871 2121, Fax: +886 2 2873 9318, E-mail:
| | - Pei-Shan Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chieh Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Department of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan,Corresponding author : Kuei-Chuan Lee Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201, Section 2, Shih-Pai Road, Taipei 11217, Taiwan Tel: +886 2 2871 2121, Fax: +886 2 2873 9318, E-mail:
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McHenry S, Zong X, Shi M, Fritz CD, Pedersen KS, Peterson LR, Lee JK, Fields RC, Davidson NO, Cao Y. Risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and associations with gastrointestinal cancers. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:3299-3310. [PMID: 36221229 PMCID: PMC9701484 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome may contribute to the rising incidence of multiple gastrointestinal (GI) cancers in recent birth cohorts. However, other than hepatocellular carcinoma, the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and risk of non-liver GI cancers is unexplored. We prospectively examined the associations of NAFLD risk with GI cancers among 319,290 participants in the UK Biobank (2006-2019). Baseline risk for NAFLD was estimated using the Dallas Steatosis Index, a validated prediction tool. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to NAFLD risk categories: low (<20%), intermediate (20%-49%), and high (≥50%). We also examined the associations by age of cancer diagnosis (earlier onset [<60] vs. ≥60). A total of 273 incident liver cancer and 4789 non-liver GI cancer cases were diagnosed. Compared with individuals at low risk for NAFLD, those at high risk had 2.41-fold risk of liver cancer (RR = 2.41, 95% CI: 1.73-3.35) and 23% increased risk of non-liver GI cancers (RR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.14-1.32) (all ptrend < 0.001). Stronger associations were observed for men and individuals who were obese (all pinteraction < 0.05). NAFLD-associated elevated risk was stronger for earlier-onset cancers. For each 25% increase in NAFLD risk, the RRs for earlier-onset cancers were 1.32 (95% CI: 1.05-1.66) for esophageal cancer, 1.35 (95% CI: 1.06-1.72) for gastric cancer, 1.34 (95% CI: 1.09-1.65) for pancreatic cancer, and 1.10 (95% CI: 1.01-1.20) for colorectal cancer. Conclusion: NAFLD risk was associated with an increased risk of liver and most GI cancers, especially those of earlier onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott McHenry
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Xiaoyu Zong
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of SurgeryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of SurgeryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Brown SchoolWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Cassandra D.L Fritz
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Katrina S. Pedersen
- Division of Oncology, Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Linda R. Peterson
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jeffrey K. Lee
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCaliforniaUSA
- Department of GastroenterologyKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ryan C. Fields
- Department of SurgeryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Nicholas O. Davidson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Yin Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of MedicineWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of SurgeryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer CenterWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
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Zhao H, Gao X, Liu Z, Zhang L, Fang X, Sun J, Zhang Z, Sun Y. Sodium Alginate Prevents Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Modulating the Gut-Liver Axis in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224846. [PMID: 36432531 PMCID: PMC9697635 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the sodium alginate (SA) is beneficial for the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while the potential mechanisms are largely unknown. The present study aimed to clarify the effects and potential mechanisms of SA in preventing NAFLD via the gut−liver axis. Thirty-two male Sprague−Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control group (NC); high-fat diet group (HFD); HFD with 50 mg/kg/d sodium alginate group (LSA); HFD with 150 mg/kg/d sodium alginate group (HSA). After 16 weeks, the rats were scarified to collect blood and tissues. The results indicated that SA significantly reduced their body weight, hepatic steatosis, serum triglyceride (TG), alanine transaminase (ALT) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels and increased serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in comparison with HFD group (p < 0.05). The elevated mRNA and protein expression of genes related to the toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB)/nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammatory signaling pathway in the liver of HFD-fed rats was notably suppressed by SA. In terms of the gut microbiota, the LSA group showed a significantly higher fecal abundance of Oscillospiraceae_UCG_005, Butyricicoccaceae_UCG_009 and Colidextribacter compared with the HFD group (p < 0.05). The rats in the HSA group had a higher abundance of unclassified_Lachnospiraceae, Colidextribacter and Oscillibacter compared with the HFD-associated gut community (p < 0.05). In addition, rats treated with SA showed a significant increase in fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels and a decline in serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels compared with the HFD group (p < 0.05). Moreover, the modulated bacteria and microbial metabolites were notably correlated with the amelioration of NAFLD-related indices and activation of the hepatic TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway. In conclusion, SA prevented NAFLD and the potential mechanism was related to the modulation of the gut−liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhizuo Liu
- Women and Children’s Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xuan Fang
- Qingdao Institute for Food and Drug Control, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianping Sun
- Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Zhaofeng Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Toxicology Research and Evaluation, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-10-82801575 (Z.Z.); +86-138-63980712 (Y.S.)
| | - Yongye Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Correspondence: (Z.Z.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-10-82801575 (Z.Z.); +86-138-63980712 (Y.S.)
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Tilg H, Adolph TE, Trauner M. Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and clinical implications. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1700-1718. [PMID: 36208625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional crosstalk along the gut-liver axis controls gastrointestinal health and disease and exploits environmental and host mediators. Nutrients, microbial antigens, metabolites, and bile acids regulate metabolism and immune responses in the gut and liver, which reciprocally shape microbial community structure and function. Perturbation of such host-microbe interactions is observed in a variety of experimental liver diseases and is facilitated by an impaired intestinal barrier, which is fueling hepatic inflammation and disease progression. Clinical evidence describes perturbation of the gut-liver crosstalk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. In liver cirrhosis, a common sequela of these diseases, the intestinal microbiota and microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns constitute liver inflammation and clinical complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Understanding the intricate metabolic interplay between the gut and liver in health and disease opens an avenue for targeted therapies in the future, which is probed in controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
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Liu X, Jiang Y, Ye J, Wang X. Helminth infection and helminth-derived products: A novel therapeutic option for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:999412. [PMID: 36263053 PMCID: PMC9573989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.999412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS), and it has become the most common chronic liver disease. Helminths have co-evolved with humans, inducing multiple immunomodulatory mechanisms to modulate the host’s immune system. By using their immunomodulatory ability, helminths and their products exhibit protection against various autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and MetS, which are closely associated with NAFLD. Here, we review the pathogenesis of NAFLD from abnormal glycolipid metabolism, inflammation, and gut dysbiosis. Correspondingly, helminths and their products can treat or relieve these NAFLD-related diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and MetS, by promoting glycolipid metabolism homeostasis, regulating inflammation, and restoring the balance of gut microbiota. Considering that a large number of clinical trials have been carried out on helminths and their products for the treatment of inflammatory diseases with promising results, the treatment of NAFLD and obesity-related diseases by helminths is also a novel direction and strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Liu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yuyun Jiang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jixian Ye
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Digestive Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
- *Correspondence: Xuefeng Wang,
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Kobayashi T, Iwaki M, Nakajima A, Nogami A, Yoneda M. Current Research on the Pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH and the Gut-Liver Axis: Gut Microbiota, Dysbiosis, and Leaky-Gut Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911689. [PMID: 36232990 PMCID: PMC9570241 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Global lifestyle changes have led to an increased incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), requiring further in-depth research to understand the mechanisms and develop new therapeutic strategies. In particular, high-fat and high-fructose diets have been shown to increase intestinal permeability, which can expose the liver to endotoxins. Indeed, accumulating evidence points to a link between these liver diseases and the intestinal axis, including dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and leaky-gut syndrome. Here, we review the mechanisms contributing to these links between the liver and small intestine in the pathogenesis of NAFLD/NASH, focusing on the roles of intestinal microbiota and their metabolites to influence enzymes essential for proper liver metabolism and function. Advances in next-generation sequencing technology have facilitated analyses of the metagenome, providing new insights into the roles of the intestinal microbiota and their functions in physiological and pathological mechanisms. This review summarizes recent research linking the gut microbiome to liver diseases, offering new research directions to elucidate the detailed mechanisms and novel targets for treatment and prevention.
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Enomoto M, Kaji K, Nishimura N, Fujimoto Y, Murata K, Takeda S, Tsuji Y, Fujinaga Y, Takaya H, Kawaratani H, Namisaki T, Akahane T, Yoshiji H. Rifaximin and lubiprostone mitigate liver fibrosis development by repairing gut barrier function in diet-induced rat steatohepatitis. Dig Liver Dis 2022; 54:1392-1402. [PMID: 35514019 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) pathogenesis, few studies have focused on this relationship to develop treatments for NASH. AIMS To explore the effects of combination with rifaximin and lubiprostone on NASH liver fibrosis through the modulation of gut barrier function. METHODS To induce steatohepatitis, F344 rats were fed a choline-deficient l-amino acid-defined (CDAA) diet for 12 weeks and received oral administration of rifaximin and/or lubiprostone. Histological, molecular, and fecal microbial analyses were performed. Barrier function in Caco-2 cells were assessed by in vitro assays. RESULTS Combination rifaximin/lubiprostone treatment significantly suppressed macrophage expansion, proinflammatory responses, and liver fibrosis in CDAA-fed rats by blocking hepatic translocation of LPS and activation of toll-like receptor 4 signaling. Rifaximin and lubiprostone improved intestinal permeability via restoring tight junction proteins (TJPs) with the intestinal activation of pregnane X receptor and chloride channel-2, respectively. Moreover, this combination increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, and Faecalibacterium as well as decreased that of Veillonella resulting in an increase of fecal short-chain fatty acids and a decrease of intestinal sialidase activity. Both agents also directly suppressed the LPS-induced barrier dysfunction and depletion of TJPs in Caco-2 cells. CONCLUSION The combination of rifaximin and lubiprostone may provide a novel strategy for treating NASH-related fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Enomoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kaji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan.
| | - Norihisa Nishimura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Koji Murata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Soichi Takeda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yuki Tsuji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Yukihisa Fujinaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takaya
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hideto Kawaratani
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Tadashi Namisaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Takemi Akahane
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yoshiji
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nara Medical University, 840 Shijo-cho, Kashihara, Nara, 634-8521, Japan
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Xia Y, Ren M, Yang J, Cai C, Cheng W, Zhou X, Lu D, Ji F. Gut microbiome and microbial metabolites in NAFLD and after bariatric surgery: Correlation and causality. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1003755. [PMID: 36204626 PMCID: PMC9531827 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1003755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is currently related to a heavy socioeconomic burden and increased incidence. Since obesity is the most prevalent risk factor for NAFLD, weight loss is an effective therapeutic solution. Bariatric surgery (BS), which can achieve long-term weight loss, improves the overall health of patients with NAFLD. The two most common surgeries are the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy. The gut-liver axis is the complex network of cross-talking between the gut, its microbiome, and the liver. The gut microbiome, involved in the homeostasis of the gut-liver axis, is believed to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the metabolic improvement after BS. Alterations in the gut microbiome in NAFLD have been confirmed compared to that in healthy individuals. The mechanisms linking the gut microbiome to NAFLD have been proposed, including increased intestinal permeability, higher energy intake, and other pathophysiological alterations. Interestingly, several correlation studies suggested that the gut microbial signatures after BS become more similar to those of lean, healthy controls than that of patients with NAFLD. The resolution of NAFLD after BS is related to changes in the gut microbiome and its metabolites. However, confirming a causal link remains challenging. This review summarizes characteristics of the gut microbiome in patients with NAFLD before and after BS and accumulates existing evidence about the underlying mechanisms of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinpu Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changzhou Cai
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weixin Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Endoscopy Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ji
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Feng Ji,
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Yu S, Jiang J, Li Q, Liu X, Wang Z, Yang L, Ding L. Schisantherin A alleviates non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by restoring intestinal barrier function. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:855008. [PMID: 36132991 PMCID: PMC9483129 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.855008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is intricately linked to dysregulation of the gut–liver axis, and correlated with intestinal inflammation and barrier disruption. Objectives To investigate the protective effects and possible molecular mechanism of Schisantherin A (Sin A) in a high-fat diet (HFD) induced NAFLD mouse model. Methods HFD-fed NAFLD mice were treated with the vehicle and 80 mg/kg Sin A every day for 6 weeks. The gut permeability of the NAFLD mice was assessed by intestinal permeability assays in vivo and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements in vitro were also used to evaluate the function of the gut barrier. TLR4 inhibitor was then used to investigate the impact of Sin A in the LPS- TLR4 signaling pathway. Alternatively, the composition of the microbiome was assessed using 16S rRNA amplification. Finally, the experiment of antibiotic treatment was performed to elucidate the roles of the gut microbiome mediating Sin A induced metabolic benefits in the NAFLD mice. Results We found that Sin A potently ameliorated HFD-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation, alleviated gut inflammation, and restored intestinal barrier function. We also observed that Sin A improved gut permeability and reduced the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) into circulation and further found that Sin A can suppress LPS-TLR4 signaling to protect against HFD-induced NAFLD. Sin A treatment altered the composition of the microbiome in NAFLD mice compared to vehicle controls. Conclusions Sin A is an effective and safe hepatoprotective agent against HFD-induced NAFLD by partly ameliorating gut inflammation, restoring intestinal barrier function, and regulating intestinal microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenglan Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Phamcological Research Department, Shanghai Research and Development Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiarui Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Phamcological Research Department, Shanghai Research and Development Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Qinqin Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Phamcological Research Department, Shanghai Research and Development Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Research and Development Department, Xuzhou Wanwusheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Phamcological Research Department, Shanghai Research and Development Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Phamcological Research Department, Shanghai Research and Development Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Ding, ; Li Yang,
| | - Lili Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Complex Prescription and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Phamcological Research Department, Shanghai Research and Development Center for Standardization of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Lili Ding, ; Li Yang,
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Zhu B, Li H, Lu B, Guo X, Wu C, Wang F, Li Q, Xie L, Glaser S, Francis H, Alpini G, Wu C. Indole supplementation ameliorates MCD-induced NASH in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109041. [PMID: 35568098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Indole is a microbiota metabolite that functions to protect against obesity-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The present study examined the extent to which indole supplementation alleviates the severity of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is the advanced form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. In C57BL/6J mice, feeding a methionine- and choline-deficient diet (MCD) resulted in significant weight loss, overt hepatic steatosis, and massive aggregations of macrophages in the liver compared with control diet-fed mice. Upon indole supplementation, the severity of MCD-induced hepatic steatosis and inflammation, as well as liver fibrosis, was significantly decreased compared with that of MCD-fed and control-treated mice. In vitro, indole treatment caused significant decreases in lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory responses in hepatocytes incubated with either basal or MCD-mimicking media. However, indole treatment only significantly decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced proinflammatory responses in bone marrow-derived macrophages incubated with basal, but not MCD-mimicking media. These differential effects suggest that, relative to the responses of macrophages to indole, the responses of hepatocytes to indole appeared to make a greater contribution to indole alleviation of NASH, in particular liver inflammation. While indole supplementation decreased liver expression of desmin in MCD-fed mice, treatment of LX2 cells (a line of hepatic stellate cells) with indole also decreased the expression of various markers of hepatic stellate cell fibrogenic activation. Lastly, indole supplementation decreased intestinal inflammation in MCD-fed mice, suggesting that decreased intestinal inflammation also was involved in indole alleviation of NASH. Collectively, these results demonstrate that indole supplementation alleviates MCD-induced NASH, which is attributable to, in large part, indole suppression of hepatocyte proinflammatory responses and hepatic stellate cell fibrogenic activation, as well as intestinal proinflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilian Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Honggui Li
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Bangchao Lu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Xinlei Guo
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Chiashan Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Fen Wang
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Qingsheng Li
- Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Shannon Glaser
- Medical Physiology, Texas A&M University College of Medicine, Bryan, Texas, USA
| | - Heather Francis
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Gianfranco Alpini
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Research, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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The melatonergic agonist agomelatine ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity in mice through the modulation of the gut microbiome. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113445. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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48
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Khalyfa AA, Punatar S, Yarbrough A. Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Understanding the Inflammatory Implications of the Microbiome. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158164. [PMID: 35897739 PMCID: PMC9332105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. It is well known that repeated inflammatory insults in the liver can cause hepatic cellular injury that lead to cirrhosis and, ultimately, hepatocellular carcinoma. Furthermore, the microbiome has been implicated in multiple inflammatory conditions which predispose patients to malignancy. With this in mind, we explore the inflammatory implications of the microbiome on pathways that lead to HCC. We also focus on how an understanding of these underlying inflammatory principles lead to a more wholistic understanding of this deadly disease, as well as potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahamed A. Khalyfa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscan Health Olympia Fields, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Shil Punatar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Franciscan Health Olympia Fields, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA;
| | - Alex Yarbrough
- Department of Gastroenterology, Franciscan Health Olympia Fields, Olympia Fields, IL 60461, USA;
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49
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Shao G, Liu Y, Lu L, Zhang G, Zhou W, Wu T, Wang L, Xu H, Ji G. The Pathogenesis of HCC Driven by NASH and the Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:944088. [PMID: 35873545 PMCID: PMC9301043 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.944088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a clinical syndrome with pathological changes that are similar to those of alcoholic hepatitis without a history of excessive alcohol consumption. It is a specific form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is characterized by hepatocyte inflammation based on hepatocellular steatosis. Further exacerbation of NASH can lead to cirrhosis, which may then progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There is a lack of specific and effective treatments for NASH and NASH-driven HCC, and the mechanisms of the progression of NASH to HCC are unclear. Therefore, there is a need to understand the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases to identify new therapeutic approaches. Currently, an increasing number of studies are focusing on the utility of natural products in NASH, which is likely to be a promising prospect for NASH. This paper reviews the possible mechanisms of the pathogenesis and progression of NASH and NASH-derived HCC, as well as the potential therapeutic role of natural products in NASH and NASH-derived HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoxuan Shao
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangtao Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Biomedical Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hanchen Xu, , ; Guang Ji, ,
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Hanchen Xu, , ; Guang Ji, ,
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Han H, Wang L, Xue T, Li J, Pei L, Zheng M. Plant sterol ester of α-linolenic acid improves NAFLD through modulating gut microbiota and attenuating lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation via regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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