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Humphries J, Fletcher NL, Sonderegger SE, Bell CA, Kempe K, Thurecht KJ. Mitigating the Effects of Persistent Antipolymer Immune Reactions in Nanomedicine: Evaluating Materials-Based Approaches Using Molecular Imaging. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 39037055 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c07317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a hydrophilic polymer ubiquitously used in both medical and nonmedical goods. Recent debate surrounding the observed stimulation of immune responses against PEG has spurred the development of materials that may be suitable replacements for this common polymeric component. The underlying view is that these alternative materials with comparable physicochemical properties can overcome the unfavorable and unpredictable effects of antibody-mediated clearance by being chemically, and therefore antigenically, distinct from PEG. However, this hypothesis has not been thoroughly tested in any defined manner, and the immune response observed against PEG has not been rigorously investigated within the context of these emerging materials. Consequently, it remains unclear whether immunity-mediated discrimination between polymeric entities even occurs in vivo and, if this is the case, how it may be exploited. In this study, we utilize positron emission tomography-computed tomography molecular imaging in mice immunized to develop specific antibody responses to PEG and an alternative polymer in order to visualize and quantify the influence of antipolymer antibodies on the biodistribution of synthetic polymers in vivo as a function of immunization status. Under the conditions of this experiment, mice could be primed to exhibit both innate and adaptive immunity to all of the polymer systems to which they were exposed. We demonstrate that alternating between chemically disparate polymers is a viable approach to extend their efficacy when antipolymer humoral immune responses arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Humphries
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Fletcher
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Stefan E Sonderegger
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Craig A Bell
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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2
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Mapfumo PP, Reichel LS, André T, Hoeppener S, Rudolph LK, Traeger A. Optimizing Biocompatibility and Gene Delivery with DMAEA and DMAEAm: A Niacin-Derived Copolymer Approach. Biomacromolecules 2024. [PMID: 38963401 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Gene therapy is pivotal in nanomedicine, offering a versatile approach to disease treatment. This study aims to achieve an optimal balance between biocompatibility and efficacy, which is a common challenge in the field. A copolymer library is synthesized, incorporating niacin-derived monomers 2-acrylamidoethyl nicotinate (AAEN) or 2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl nicotinate (AEN) with N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylamide (DMAEAm) or hydrolysis-labile N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate (DMAEA). Evaluation of the polymers' cytotoxicity profiles reveals that an increase in AAEN or DMAEA molar ratios correlates with improved biocompatibility. Remarkably, an increase in AAEN in both DMAEA and DMAEAm copolymers demonstrated enhanced transfection efficiencies of plasmid DNA in HEK293T cells. Additionally, the top-performing polymers demonstrate promising gene expression in challenging-to-transfect cells (THP-1 and Jurkat cells) and show no significant effect on modulating immune response induction in ex vivo treated murine monocytes. Overall, the best performing candidates exhibit an optimal balance between biocompatibility and efficacy, showcasing potential advancements in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper P Mapfumo
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Liên S Reichel
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Thomas André
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena 07743, Germany
| | - Lenhard K Rudolph
- Leibniz Institute on Aging-Fritz Lipmann Institute, Jena 07745, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Institute of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, Jena 07743, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, Jena 07743, Germany
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3
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Yang C, Lin ZI, Zhang X, Xu Z, Xu G, Wang YM, Tsai TH, Cheng PW, Law WC, Yong KT, Chen CK. Recent Advances in Engineering Carriers for siRNA Delivery. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300362. [PMID: 38150293 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) technology has been a promising treatment strategy for combating intractable diseases. However, the applications of RNAi in clinical are hampered by extracellular and intracellular barriers. To overcome these barriers, various siRNA delivery systems have been developed in the past two decades. The first approved RNAi therapeutic, Patisiran (ONPATTRO) using lipids as the carrier, for the treatment of amyloidosis is one of the most important milestones. This has greatly encouraged researchers to work on creating new functional siRNA carriers. In this review, the recent advances in siRNA carriers consisting of lipids, polymers, and polymer-modified inorganic particles for cancer therapy are summarized. Representative examples are presented to show the structural design of the carriers in order to overcome the delivery hurdles associated with RNAi therapies. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspective for developing RNAi as a clinical modality will be discussed and proposed. It is believed that the addressed contributions in this review will promote the development of siRNA delivery systems for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbin Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Ian Lin
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Xinmeng Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Zhourui Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Gaixia Xu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Min Wang
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hsien Tsai
- Division of Cardiology and Department of Internal Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, 60002, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wen Cheng
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, 81362, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wing-Cheung Law
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ken-Tye Yong
- School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - Chih-Kuang Chen
- Polymeric Biomaterials Laboratory, Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, 80424, Taiwan
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4
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Mapfumo PP, Reichel LS, Hoeppener S, Traeger A. Improving Gene Delivery: Synergy between Alkyl Chain Length and Lipoic Acid for PDMAEMA Hydrophobic Copolymers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300649. [PMID: 38195002 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
In the field of gene delivery, hydrophobic cationic copolymers hold great promise. They exhibit improved performance by effectively protecting genetic material from serum interactions while facilitating interactions with cellular membranes. However, managing cytotoxicity remains a significant challenge, prompting an investigation into suitable hydrophobic components. A particularly encouraging approach involves integrating nutrient components, like lipoic acid, which is known for its antioxidant properties and diverse cellular benefits such as cellular metabolism and growth. In this study, a copolymer library comprising 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and lipoic acid methacrylate (LAMA), combined with either n-butyl methacrylate (nBMA), ethyl methacrylate (EMA), or methyl methacrylate (MMA), is synthesized. This enables to probe the impact of lipoic acid incorporation while simultaneously exploring the influence of pendant acyclic alkyl chain length. The inclusion of lipoic acid results in a notable boost in transfection efficiency while maintaining low cytotoxicity. Interestingly, higher levels of transfection efficiency are achieved in the presence of nBMA, EMA, or MMA. However, a positive correlation between pendant acyclic alkyl chain length and cytotoxicity is observed. Consequently, P(DMAEMA-co-LAMA-co-MMA), emerges as a promising candidate. This is attributed to the optimal combination of low cytotoxic MMA and transfection-boosting LAMA, highlighting the crucial synergy between LAMA and MMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prosper P Mapfumo
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Liên S Reichel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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5
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Leer K, Reichel LS, Kimmig J, Richter F, Hoeppener S, Brendel JC, Zechel S, Schubert US, Traeger A. Optimization of Mixed Micelles Based on Oppositely Charged Block Copolymers by Machine Learning for Application in Gene Delivery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306116. [PMID: 37794626 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 mRNA vaccines represent a milestone in developing non-viral gene carriers, and their success highlights the crucial need for continued research in this field to address further challenges. Polymer-based delivery systems are particularly promising due to their versatile chemical structure and convenient adaptability, but struggle with the toxicity-efficiency dilemma. Introducing anionic, hydrophilic, or "stealth" functionalities represents a promising approach to overcome this dilemma in gene delivery. Here, two sets of diblock terpolymers are created comprising hydrophobic poly(n-butyl acrylate) (PnBA), a copolymer segment made of hydrophilic 4-acryloylmorpholine (NAM), and either the cationic 3-guanidinopropyl acrylamide (GPAm) or the 2-carboxyethyl acrylamide (CEAm), which is negatively charged at neutral conditions. These oppositely charged sets of diblocks are co-assembled in different ratios to form mixed micelles. Since this experimental design enables countless mixing possibilities, a machine learning approach is applied to identify an optimal GPAm/CEAm ratio for achieving high transfection efficiency and cell viability with little resource expenses. After two runs, an optimal ratio to overcome the toxicity-efficiency dilemma is identified. The results highlight the remarkable potential of integrating machine learning into polymer chemistry to effectively tackle the enormous number of conceivable combinations for identifying novel and powerful gene transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Leer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Liên S Reichel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Julian Kimmig
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Stefan Zechel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ulrich S Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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6
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Niu L, Miao Y, Cao Z, Wei T, Zhu J, Li M, Bai B, Chen L, Liu N, Pan F, Zhu J, Wang C, Yang Y, Chen Q. Minimalist Nanovaccine with Optimized Amphiphilic Copolymers for Cancer Immunotherapy. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3349-3361. [PMID: 38230639 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Cancer vaccines with the ability to elicit tumor-specific immune responses have attracted significant interest in cancer immunotherapy. A key challenge for effective cancer vaccines is the spatiotemporal codelivery of antigens and adjuvants. Herein, we synthesized a copolymer library containing nine poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-butyl methacrylate-co-2-(azepan-1-yl)ethyl methacrylate (PEGMA-co-BMA-co-C7AMA) graft copolymers with designed proportions of different components to regulate their properties. Among these polymers, C-25, with a C7AMA:BMA ratio at 1.5:1 and PEG wt % of 25%, was screened as the most effective nanovaccine carrier with enhanced ability to induce mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (BMDC) maturation. Additionally, RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis revealed that C-25 could activate dendritic cells (DCs) through multisignaling pathways to trigger potent immune effects. Then, the screened C-25 was used to encapsulate the model peptide antigen, OVA257-280, to form nanovaccine C-25/OVA257-280. It was found that the C-25/OVA257-280 nanovaccine could effectively facilitate DC maturation and antigen cross-presentation without any other additional adjuvant and exhibited excellent prophylactic efficacy in the B16F10-OVA tumor model. Moreover, in combination with antiprogrammed cell death protein-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1), the C-25/OVA257-280 nanovaccine could significantly delay the growth of pre-existing tumors. Therefore, this work developed a minimalist nanovaccine with a simple formulation and high efficiency in activating tumor-specific immune responses, showing great potential for further application in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Niu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yu Miao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zhiqin Cao
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ting Wei
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiafei Zhu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Maoyi Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Boxiong Bai
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Linfu Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Nanhui Liu
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junjie Zhu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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7
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Leer K, Reichel LS, Wilhelmi M, Brendel JC, Traeger A. Tailoring Gene Transfer Efficacy through the Arrangement of Cationic and Anionic Blocks in Triblock Copolymer Micelles. ACS Macro Lett 2024:158-165. [PMID: 38230657 PMCID: PMC10883036 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The arrangement of charged segments in triblock copolymer micelles affects the gene delivery potential of polymeric micelles and can increase the level of gene expression when an anionic segment is incorporated in the outer shell. Triblock copolymers were synthesized by RAFT polymerzation with narrow molar mass distributions and assembled into micelles with a hydrophobic core from poly(n-butyl acrylate). The ionic shell contained either (i) an anionic segment followed by a cationic segment (HAC micelles) or (ii) a cationic block followed by an anionic block (HCA micelles). The pH-responsive anionic block contained 2-carboxyethyl acrylamide (CEAm), while the cationic block comprised 3-guanidinopropyl acrylamide (GPAm). Increasing the molar content of CEAm in HAC and HCA micelles from 6 to 13 mol % improved cytocompatibility and the endosomal escape property, while the HCA micelle with the highest mol % of anionic charges in the outer shell exhibited the highest gene expression. It became evident that improved membrane interaction of the best performing HCA micelle contributed to achieving high gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Leer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Liên S Reichel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Mara Wilhelmi
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
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8
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Pagendarm HM, Stone PT, Kimmel BR, Baljon JJ, Aziz MH, Pastora LE, Hubert L, Roth EW, Almunif S, Scott EA, Wilson JT. Engineering endosomolytic nanocarriers of diverse morphologies using confined impingement jet mixing. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:16016-16029. [PMID: 37753868 PMCID: PMC10568979 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr02874g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The clinical translation of many biomolecular therapeutics has been hindered by undesirable pharmacokinetic (PK) properties, inadequate membrane permeability, poor endosomal escape and cytosolic delivery, and/or susceptibility to degradation. Overcoming these challenges merits the development of nanoscale drug carriers (nanocarriers) to improve the delivery of therapeutic cargo. Herein, we implement a flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) approach to produce nanocarriers of diverse vesicular morphologies by using various molecular weight PEG-bl-DEAEMA-co-BMA (PEG-DB) polymers. We demonstrated that FNP can produce uniform (PDI < 0.1) particles after 5 impingements, and that by varying the copolymer hydrophilic mass fraction, FNP enables access to a diverse variety of nanoarchitectures including micelles, unilamellar vesicles (polymersomes), and multi-compartment vesicles (MCVs). We synthesized a library of 2 kDa PEG block copolymers, with DEAEMA-co-BMA second block molecular weights of 3, 6, 12, 15, 20, and 30 kDa. All formulations were both pH responsive, endosomolytic, and capable of loading and cytosolically delivering small negatively charged molecules - albeit to different degrees. Using a B16.F10 melanoma model, we showcased the therapeutic potential of a lead FNP formulated PEG-DB nanocarrier, encapsulating the cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) cGAMP to activate the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway in a therapeutically relevant context. Collectively, these data demonstrate that an FNP process can be used to formulate pH-responsive nanocarriers of diverse morphologies using a PEG-DB polymer system. As FNP is an industrially scalable process, these data address the critical translational challenge of producing PEG-DB nanoparticles at scale. Furthermore, the diverse morphologies produced may specialize in the delivery of distinct biomolecular cargos for other therapeutic applications, implicating the therapeutic potential of this platform in an array of disease applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayden M Pagendarm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Payton T Stone
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Blaise R Kimmel
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jessalyn J Baljon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
| | - Mina H Aziz
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lucinda E Pastora
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Lauren Hubert
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Eric W Roth
- NUANCE BioCryo, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Sultan Almunif
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Evan A Scott
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Interdisciplinary Biological Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - John T Wilson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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9
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Garland KM, Kwiatkowski AJ, Tossberg JT, Crooke PS, Aune TM, Wilson JT. Nanoparticle Delivery of Immunostimulatory Alu RNA for Cancer Immunotherapy. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:1800-1809. [PMID: 37691856 PMCID: PMC10487107 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
It was recently found that patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis exhibit widespread loss of adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, which contributes to the accumulation of immunostimulatory double-stranded Alu RNA in circulating leukocytes and an attendant increase in levels of proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., type I IFNs). A specific Alu RNA (i.e., AluJb RNA) was implicated in activating multiple RNA-sensing pathways and found to be a potent innate immune agonist. Here, we have performed a bioinformatic analysis of A-to-I RNA editing in human melanoma samples and determined that pre-therapy levels of A-to-I RNA editing negatively correlate with survival times, suggesting that an accumulation of endogenous double-stranded Alu RNA might contribute to cancer patient survival. Furthermore, we demonstrated that immunostimulatory Alu RNA can be leveraged pharmacologically for cancer immunotherapy. AluJb RNA was in vitro transcribed and then formulated with endosome-destabilizing polymer nanoparticles to improve intracellular delivery of the RNA and enable activation of RNA-sensing pathways. AluJb RNA/polymer complexes (i.e., Alu-NPs) were engineered to form colloidally stable nanoparticles that exhibited immunostimulatory activity in vitro and in vivo. Finally, the therapeutic potential of Alu-NPs for the treatment of cancer was demonstrated by attenuated tumor growth and prolonged survival in the B16.F10 murine melanoma tumor model. Thus, these data collectively implicate intratumoral Alu RNA as a potentiator of antitumor innate immunity and identify AluJb RNA as a novel nucleic acid immunotherapeutic for cancer. Significance Loss of A-to-I editing leads to accumulation of unedited Alu RNAs that activate innate immunity via RNA-sensing pattern recognition receptors. When packaged into endosome-releasing polymer nanoparticles, AluJB RNA becomes highly immunostimulatory and can be used pharmacologically to inhibit tumor growth in mouse melanoma models. These findings identify Alu RNAs as a new class of nucleic acid innate immune agonists for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Garland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Alexander J. Kwiatkowski
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John T. Tossberg
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Philip S. Crooke
- Department of Mathematics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Thomas M. Aune
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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10
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Patel SS, Hoogenboezem EN, Yu F, DeJulius CR, Fletcher RB, Sorets AG, Cherry FK, Lo JH, Bezold MG, Francini N, d'Arcy R, Brasuell JE, Cook RS, Duvall CL. Core polymer optimization of ternary siRNA nanoparticles enhances in vivo safety, pharmacokinetics, and tumor gene silencing. Biomaterials 2023; 297:122098. [PMID: 37031547 PMCID: PMC10192225 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Gene silencing with siRNA nanoparticles (si-NPs) is promising but still clinically unrealized for inhibition of tumor driver genes. Ternary si-NPs containing siRNA, a single block NP core-forming polymer poly[(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-co-(butyl methacrylate)] (DMAEMA-co-BMA, 50B), and an NP surface-forming diblock polymer 20 kDa poly(ethylene glycol)-block-50B (20kPEG-50B) have the potential to improve silencing activity in tumors due to the participation of both 50B and 20kPEG-50B in siRNA electrostatic loading and endosome disruptive activity. Functionally, single block 50B provides more potent endosomolytic activity, while 20kPEG-50B colloidally stabilizes the si-NPs. Here, we systematically explored the role of the molecular weight (MW) of the core polymer and of the core:surface polymer ratio on ternary si-NP performance. A library of ternary si-NPs was formulated with variation in the MW of the 50B polymer and in the ratio of the core and surface forming polymeric components. Increasing 50B core polymer MW and ratio improved si-NP in vitro gene silencing potency, endosome disruptive activity, and stability, but these features also correlated with cytotoxicity. Concomitant optimization of 50B size and ratio resulted in the identification of lead ternary si-NPs 50B4-DP100, 50B8-DP100, and 50B12-DP25, with potent activity and minimal toxicity. Following intravenous treatment in vivo, all lead si-NPs displayed negligible toxicological effects and enhanced pharmacokinetics and tumor gene silencing relative to more canonical binary si-NPs. Critically, a single 1 mg/kg intravenous injection of 50B8-DP100 si-NPs silenced the tumor driver gene Rictor at the protein level by 80% in an orthotopic breast tumor model. 50B8-DP100 si-NPs delivering siRictor were assessed for therapeutic efficacy in an orthotopic HCC70 mammary tumor model. This formulation significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to siControl-NP treatment. 50B8-DP100 si-NPs were also evaluated for safety and were well-tolerated following a multi-dose treatment scheme. This work provides new insight on ternary si-NP structure-function relationships and identifies core polymer optimization strategies that can yield safe si-NP formulations with potent oncogene silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrusti S Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ella N Hoogenboezem
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carlisle R DeJulius
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - R Brock Fletcher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alex G Sorets
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fiona K Cherry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin H Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mariah G Bezold
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Nora Francini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Richard d'Arcy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jordan E Brasuell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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11
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Hackbarth S, Gao S, Šubr V, Lin L, Pohl J, Etrych T, Fang J. Singlet Oxygen In Vivo: It Is All about Intensity-Part 2. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13050781. [PMID: 37240951 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13050781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, we reported induced anoxia as a limiting factor for photodynamic tumor therapy (PDT). This effect occurs in vivo if the amount of generated singlet oxygen that undergoes chemical reactions with cellular components exceeds the local oxygen supply. The amount of generated singlet oxygen depends mainly on photosensitizer (PS) accumulation, efficiency, and illumination intensity. With illumination intensities above a certain threshold, singlet oxygen is limited to the blood vessel and the nearest vicinity; lower intensities allow singlet oxygen generation also in tissue which is a few cell layers away from the vessels. While all experiments so far were limited to light intensities above this threshold, we report experimental results for intensities at both sides of the threshold for the first time, giving proof for the described model. Using time-resolved optical detection in NIR, we demonstrate characteristic, illumination intensity-dependent changes in signal kinetics of singlet oxygen and photosensitizer phosphorescence in vivo. The described analysis allows for better optimization and coordination of PDT drugs and treatment, as well as new diagnostic methods based on gated PS phosphorescence, for which we report a first in vivo feasibility test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Hackbarth
- Institute of Physics, Photobiophysics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shanghui Gao
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Vladimír Šubr
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lisheng Lin
- Institute of Physics, Photobiophysics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Jakob Pohl
- Institute of Physics, Photobiophysics, Humboldt University of Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jun Fang
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Oncology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
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12
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Pizzi D, Humphries J, Morrow JP, Mahmoud AM, Fletcher NL, Sonderegger SE, Bell CA, Thurecht KJ, Kempe K. Probing the Biocompatibility and Immune Cell Association of Chiral, Water-Soluble, Bottlebrush Poly(2-oxazoline)s. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:246-257. [PMID: 36464844 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx) have received substantial attention as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) alternatives in the biomedical field due to their biocompatibility, high functionality, and ease of synthesis. While POx have demonstrated strong potential as biomaterial constituents, the larger family of poly(cyclic imino ether)s (PCIE) to which POx belongs remains widely underexplored. One highly interesting sub-class of PCIE is poly(2,4-disubstituted-2-oxazoline)s (PdOx), which bear an additional substituent on the backbone of the polymers' repeating units. This allows fine-tuning of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance and renders the PdOx chiral when enantiopure 2-oxazoline monomers are used. Herein, we synthesize new water-soluble (R-/S-/RS-) poly(oligo(2-ethyl-4-methyl-2-oxazoline) methacrylate) (P(OEtMeOxMA)) bottlebrushes and compare them to well-established PEtOx- and PEG-based bottlebrush controls in terms of their physical properties, hydrophilicity, and biological behavior. We reveal that the P(OEtMeOxMA) bottlebrushes show a lower critical solution temperature behavior at a physiologically relevant temperature (∼44 °C) and that the enantiopure (R-/S-) variants display a chiral secondary structure. Importantly, we demonstrate the biocompatibility of the chiral P(OEtMeOxMA) bottlebrushes through cellular association and mouse biodistribution studies and show that these systems display higher immune cell association and organ accumulation than the two control polymers. These novel materials possess properties that hold promise for applications in the field of nanomedicine and may be beneficial carriers for therapeutics that require enhanced cellular association and immune cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Pizzi
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia
| | - James Humphries
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queesland4072, Australia
| | - Joshua P Morrow
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia
| | - Ayaat M Mahmoud
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Fletcher
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queesland4072, Australia
| | - Stefan E Sonderegger
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queesland4072, Australia
| | - Craig A Bell
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queesland4072, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging (CAI) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queesland4072, Australia
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria3052, Australia.,Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
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13
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Li X, Wang ZG, Zhu H, Wen HP, Ning D, Liu HY, Pang DW, Liu SL. Inducing Autophagy and Blocking Autophagic Flux via a Virus-Mimicking Nanodrug for Cancer Therapy. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9163-9173. [PMID: 36374537 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c04091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Maximizing the therapeutic capacity of drugs by allowing them to escape lysosomal degradation is a long-term challenge for nanodrug delivery. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has evolved the ability to escape the endosomal region to avoid degradation of internal genetic material by lysosomes and further induce upregulation of cellular autophagy for the purpose of their mass reproduction. In this work, to exploit the lysosome escape and autophagy-inducing properties of JEV for cancer therapy, we constructed a virus-mimicking nanodrug consisting of anti-PDL1 antibody-decorated JEV-mimicking virosome encapsulated with a clinically available autophagy inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Our study indicated that the nanodrug can upregulate the autophagy level and inhibit the autophagic flux, thereby inducing the apoptosis of tumor cells, and further activating the immune response, which can greatly improve the antitumor and tumor metastasis suppression effects and provide a potential therapeutic strategy for tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Han Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Ping Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Di Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Hao-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
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14
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Ito T, Sims KR, Liu Y, Xiang Z, Arthur RA, Hara AT, Koo H, Benoit DSW, Klein MI. Farnesol delivery via polymeric nanoparticle carriers inhibits cariogenic cross-kingdom biofilms and prevents enamel demineralization. Mol Oral Microbiol 2022; 37:218-228. [PMID: 35859523 PMCID: PMC9529802 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans are frequently detected together in the plaque from patients with early childhood caries (ECC) and synergistically interact to form a cariogenic cross-kingdom biofilm. However, this biofilm is difficult to control. Thus, to achieve maximal efficacy within the complex biofilm microenvironment, nanoparticle carriers have shown increased interest in treating oral biofilms in recent years. Here, we assessed the anti-biofilm efficacy of farnesol (Far), a hydrophobic antibacterial drug and repressor of Candida filamentous forms, against cross-kingdom biofilms employing drug delivery via polymeric nanoparticle carriers (NPCs). We also evaluated the effect of the strategy on teeth enamel demineralization. The farnesol-loaded NPCs (NPC+Far) resulted in a 2-log CFU/mL reduction of S. mutans and C. albicans (hydroxyapatite disc biofilm model). High-resolution confocal images further confirmed a significant reduction in exopolysaccharides, smaller microcolonies of S. mutans, and no hyphal form of C. albicans after treatment with NPC+Far on human tooth enamel (HT) slabs, altering the biofilm 3D structure. Furthermore, NPC+Far treatment was highly effective in preventing enamel demineralization on HT, reducing lesion depth (79% reduction) and mineral loss (85% reduction) versus vehicle PBS-treated HT, while NPC or Far alone had no differences with the PBS. The drug delivery via polymeric NPCs has the potential for targeting bacterial-fungal biofilms associated with a prevalent and costly pediatric oral disease, such as ECC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuro Ito
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth R. Sims
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Zhenting Xiang
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rodrigo A. Arthur
- Preventive and Community Dentistry Department, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Anderson T. Hara
- Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Oral Health Research Institute, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Hyun Koo
- Biofilm Research Labs, Levy Center for Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Orthodontics and Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry & Community Oral Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Danielle S. W. Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marlise I. Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Simakova A, Averick S, Jazani AM, Matyjaszewski K. Controlling Size and Surface Chemistry of Cationic Nanogels by Inverse Microemulsion ATRP. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Simakova
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States
| | - Saadyah Averick
- Laboratory for Biomolecular Medicine Allegheny Health Network Research Institute Allegheny General Hospital Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15212 United States
| | - Arman Moini Jazani
- Department of Chemistry Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA 15213 United States
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16
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Kostka L, Sivák L, Šubr V, Kovářová J, Šírová M, Říhová B, Sedlacek R, Etrych T, Kovář M. Simultaneous Delivery of Doxorubicin and Protease Inhibitor Derivative to Solid Tumors via Star-Shaped Polymer Nanomedicines Overcomes P-gp- and STAT3-Mediated Chemoresistance. Biomacromolecules 2022; 23:2522-2535. [PMID: 35584053 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The derivative of protease inhibitor ritonavir (5-methyl-4-oxohexanoic acid ritonavir ester; RD) was recently recognized as a potent P-gp inhibitor and cancerostatic drug inhibiting the proteasome and STAT3 signaling. Therefore, we designed high-molecular-weight HPMA copolymer conjugates with a PAMAM dendrimer core bearing both doxorubicin (Dox) and RD (Star-RD + Dox) to increase the circulation half-life to maximize simultaneous delivery of Dox and RD into the tumor. Star-RD inhibited P-gp activity, potently sensitizing both low- and high-P-gp-expressing cancer cells to the cytostatic and proapoptotic activity of Dox in vitro. Star-RD + Dox possessed higher cytostatic and proapoptotic activities compared to Star-Dox and the equivalent mixture of Star-Dox and Star-RD in vitro. Star-RD + Dox efficiently inhibited STAT3 signaling and induced caspase-3 activation and DNA fragmentation in cancer cells in vivo. Importantly, Star-RD + Dox was found to have superior antitumor activity in terms of tumor growth inhibition and increased survival of mice bearing P-gp-expressing tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libor Kostka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Sivák
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Šubr
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiřina Kovářová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Milada Šírová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Blanka Říhová
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Radislav Sedlacek
- Czech Center of Phenogenomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Průmyslová 595, 25250 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského nám. 2, 16206 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Kovář
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Dithiocarbamates as Effective Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Agents for Controlled Radical Polymerization of 1-Vinyl-1,2,4-triazole. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102029. [PMID: 35631911 PMCID: PMC9147191 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Narrow dispersed poly(1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole) (PVT) was synthesized by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of 1-vinyl-1,2,4-triazole (VT). AIBN as the initiator and dithiocarbamates, xanthates, and trithiocarbonates as the chain transfer agents (CTA) were used. Dithiocarbamates proved to be the most efficient in VT polymerization. Gel permeation chromatography was used to determine the molecular weight distribution and polydispersity of the synthesized polymers. The presence of the CTA stabilizing and leaving groups in the PVT was confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The linear dependence of the degree of polymerization on time confirms the conduct of radical polymerization in a controlled mode. The VT conversion was over 98% and the PVT number average molecular weight ranged from 11 to 61 kDa. The polydispersity of the synthesized polymers reached 1.16. The occurrence of the controlled radical polymerization was confirmed by monitoring the degree of polymerization over time.
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18
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Yan Y, Zhang G, Wu C, Ren Q, Liu X, Huang F, Cao Y, Ye W. Structural Exploration of Polycationic Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1964-1974. [PMID: 35380797 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising approach to the treatment of genetic diseases by the specific knockdown of target genes. Functional polymers are potential vehicles for the effective delivery of vulnerable small interfering RNA (siRNA), which is required for the broad application of RNAi-based therapeutics. The development of methods for the facile modulation of chemical structures of polymeric carriers and an elucidation of detailed delivery mechanisms remain important areas of research. In this paper, we synthesized a series of methacrylate-based polymers with controllable structures and narrow distributions by atom transfer radical polymerization using various combinations of cationic monomers (2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and 2-dibutylaminoethyl methacrylate) and hydrophobic monomers (2-butyl methacrylate (BMA), cyclohexyl methacrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate). These polymers exhibited varying hydrophobicities, charge densities, and pKa values, enabling the discovery of effective carriers for siRNA by in vitro delivery assays. For the polymers with BMA segments, 50% of cationic segments were beneficial to the formation of siRNA nanoparticles (NPs) and the in vitro delivery of siRNA. The optimal ratio varied for different combinations of cationic and hydrophobic segments. In particular, 20k PMB 0.5, PME 0.5, and PEB 1.0 showed >75% luciferase knockdown. Efficacious delivery was dependent on high siRNA binding, the small size of NPs, and balanced hydrophobicity and charge density. Cellular uptake and endosomal escape experiments indicated that carboxybetaine modification of 20k PMB 0.5 did not remarkably affect the internalization of corresponding NPs after incubation for 6 h but significantly reduced the endosomal escape of NPs, which leads to the notable decrease in delivery efficacy of polymers. These results provide insights into the mechanism of polymer-based siRNA delivery and may inspire the development of novel polymeric carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Chengfan Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Qidi Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Fangqian Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yi Cao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Wenbo Ye
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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19
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Pan J, Wen X, Wang M, Li J, Li X, Feng A, Zhang L, Thang SH. Preparation of Thermo‐ and pH‐Responsive Microgels Based on Complementary Nucleobase Molecular Recognition. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200239. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiasheng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preparation and Processing of New Polymer Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preparation and Processing of New Polymer Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Mu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preparation and Processing of New Polymer Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preparation and Processing of New Polymer Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preparation and Processing of New Polymer Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Anchao Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preparation and Processing of New Polymer Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - Liqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐Inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Preparation and Processing of New Polymer Materials Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 China
| | - San H. Thang
- School of Chemistry Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia
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20
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Xu ZPG. Strategy for Cytoplasmic Delivery Using Inorganic Particles. Pharm Res 2022; 39:1035-1045. [PMID: 35112228 PMCID: PMC9197872 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endosome escape is a key process for intracellular uptake of intact biomolecules and therapeutics, such as nucleic acids. Lysosome escape is a more common pathway during endocytosis, while some biomolecular, organic and inorganic materials are found to enhance the endosome escape, and several mechanisms have been proposed accordingly. Specifically, some inorganic nanomaterials show their unique mechanisms of action for enhanced endosome escape, including salt osmotic effect and gas blast effect. These inorganic nanomaterials are basically weakly alkaline and are naturally featured with the anti-acidification capacity, with limited solubility in neutral solutions. This review paper has briefly presented the strategies in the design of inorganic nanoparticle-based cellular delivery vehicles with endosome escapability and discussed a few typical inorganic nanomaterials that are currently widely examined for delivery purpose. A brief summary and prospect for this kind of inorganic nanomaterials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Ping Gordon Xu
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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21
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Nanoparticle-based delivery strategies of multifaceted immunomodulatory RNA for cancer immunotherapy. J Control Release 2022; 343:564-583. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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22
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Park JH, Mohapatra A, Zhou J, Holay M, Krishnan N, Gao W, Fang RH, Zhang L. Virus‐Mimicking Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles for Cytosolic Delivery of mRNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Ho Park
- Department of NanoEngineering Chemical Engineering Program Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Animesh Mohapatra
- Department of NanoEngineering Chemical Engineering Program Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Jiarong Zhou
- Department of NanoEngineering Chemical Engineering Program Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Maya Holay
- Department of NanoEngineering Chemical Engineering Program Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Nishta Krishnan
- Department of NanoEngineering Chemical Engineering Program Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Weiwei Gao
- Department of NanoEngineering Chemical Engineering Program Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Ronnie H. Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering Chemical Engineering Program Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering Chemical Engineering Program Moores Cancer Center University of California San Diego La Jolla CA 92093 USA
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23
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Park JH, Mohapatra A, Zhou J, Holay M, Krishnan N, Gao W, Fang RH, Zhang L. Virus-Mimicking Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Cytosolic Delivery of mRNA. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113671. [PMID: 34694684 PMCID: PMC8727555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Effective endosomal escape after cellular uptake represents a major challenge in the field of nanodelivery, as the majority of drug payloads must localize to subcellular compartments other than the endosomes in order to exert activity. In nature, viruses can readily deliver their genetic material to the cytosol of host cells by triggering membrane fusion after endocytosis. For the influenza A virus, the hemagglutinin (HA) protein found on its surface fuses the viral envelope with the surrounding membrane at endosomal pH values. Biomimetic nanoparticles capable of endosomal escape were fabricated using a membrane coating derived from cells engineered to express HA on their surface. When evaluated in vitro, these virus-mimicking nanoparticles were able to deliver an mRNA payload to the cytosolic compartment of target cells, resulting in the successful expression of the encoded protein. When the mRNA-loaded nanoparticles were administered in vivo, protein expression levels were significantly increased in both local and systemic delivery scenarios. We therefore conclude that utilizing genetic engineering approaches to express viral fusion proteins on the surface of cell membrane-coated nanoparticles is a viable strategy for modulating the intracellular localization of encapsulated cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ronnie H. Fang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
| | - Liangfang Zhang
- Department of NanoEngineering, Chemical Engineering Program, and Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 (USA)
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24
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Roncari Rocha G, Sims KR, Xiao B, Klein MI, Benoit DSW. Nanoparticle carrier co-delivery of complementary antibiofilm drugs abrogates dual species cariogenic biofilm formation in vitro. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 14:1997230. [PMID: 34868474 PMCID: PMC8635615 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.1997230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental caries is a multifactorial disease caused by pathogenic biofilm. In particular, Streptococcus mutans synthesizes biofilm exopolysaccharides, while Candida albicans is associated with the development of severe carious lesions. Aim This study aimed to prevent the formation of S. mutans and C. albicans biofilms by exploiting pH-sensitive nanoparticle carriers (NPCs) with high affinity to exopolysaccharides to increase the substantivity of multi-targeted antibiofilm drugs introduced topically in vitro. Methods Dual-species biofilms were grown on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite discs with sucrose. Twice-daily, 1.5 min topical treatment regimens of unloaded and drug-loaded NPC were used. Drugs included combinations of two or three compounds with distinct, complementary antibiofilm targets: tt-farnesol (terpenoid; bacterial acid tolerance, fungal quorum sensing), myricetin (flavonoid; exopolysaccharides inhibitor), and 1771 (lipoteichoic acid inhibitor; bacterial adhesion and co-aggregation). Biofilms were evaluated for biomass, microbial population, and architecture. Results NPC delivering tt-farnesol and 1771 with or without myricetin completely prevented biofilm formation by impeding biomass accumulation, bacterial and fungal population growth, and exopolysaccharide matrix deposition (vs. control unloaded NPC). Both formulations hindered acid production, maintaining the pH of spent media above the threshold for enamel demineralization. However, treatments had no effect on pre-established dual-species biofilms. Conclusion Complementary antibiofilm drug-NPC treatments prevented biofilm formation by targeting critical virulence factors of acidogenicity and exopolysaccharides synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Roncari Rocha
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth R Sims
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Baixue Xiao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Marlise I Klein
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, São Paulo State University, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.,Materials Science Program, University of Rochester, Ny, USA.,Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester, Ny, USA.,Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Rochester, Ny, USA
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25
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Kane AM, Liu C, Akhter DT, McKeone DM, Bell CA, Thurecht KJ, Leggett BA, Whitehall VLJ. Curcumin Chemoprevention Reduces the Incidence of Braf Mutant Colorectal Cancer in a Preclinical Study. Dig Dis Sci 2021; 66:4326-4332. [PMID: 33387125 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and approximately 20% of cases can be attributed to a mutation in the BRAF oncogene. Curcumin is a promising chemopreventive agent with various anti-cancer benefits. Although curcumin has been reported to have poor bioavailability, this limitation has been overcome by the formulation of nano-carriers. In this preclinical study, we investigated the ability of an improved formulation of curcumin to reduce the incidence of Braf mutant carcinoma. AIM To investigate curcumin as a chemopreventive for Braf mutant colorectal cancer in a preclinical study utilizing a murine model of serrated neoplasia. METHODS An intestine-specific Braf mutant murine model (BrafV637E/+/Villin-CreERT2/+) was administered curcumin micelles (240 mg/kg, n = 69) in normal drinking water. Mice in the control group consumed normal drinking water (n = 83). Mice were euthanized at 14 months and the incidence of murine serrated lesions and carcinoma in each cohort were determined by histologic examination. RESULTS At completion of the study (14 months), it was found that curcumin did not reduce the incidence or multiplicity of murine serrated lesions but did significantly reduce the number of invasive carcinomas (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69-0.9985, P = 0.0360) compared to control. CONCLUSIONS We have performed the first long-term study assessing curcumin's effect on the development of serrated neoplasia. We found that curcumin significantly reduces the risk of developing Braf mutant colorectal cancer. Our data supports further investigation of curcumin as a chemopreventive to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer arising via the serrated pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M Kane
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia. .,Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - Cheng Liu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Envoi Specialist Pathologists, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dewan T Akhter
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Diane M McKeone
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Craig A Bell
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, ARC Centre of Excellence in Bio-Nano Science and Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Barbara A Leggett
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Vicki L J Whitehall
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Conjoint Internal Medicine Laboratory, Pathology Queensland, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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26
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Garland KM, Rosch JC, Carson CS, Wang-Bishop L, Hanna A, Sevimli S, Van Kaer C, Balko JM, Ascano M, Wilson JT. Pharmacological Activation of cGAS for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:753472. [PMID: 34899704 PMCID: PMC8662543 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
When compartmentally mislocalized within cells, nucleic acids can be exceptionally immunostimulatory and can even trigger the immune-mediated elimination of cancer. Specifically, the accumulation of double-stranded DNA in the cytosol can efficiently promote antitumor immunity by activating the cGAMP synthase (cGAS) / stimulator of interferon genes (STING) cellular signaling pathway. Targeting this cytosolic DNA sensing pathway with interferon stimulatory DNA (ISD) is therefore an attractive immunotherapeutic strategy for the treatment of cancer. However, the therapeutic activity of ISD is limited by several drug delivery barriers, including susceptibility to deoxyribonuclease degradation, poor cellular uptake, and inefficient cytosolic delivery. Here, we describe the development of a nucleic acid immunotherapeutic, NanoISD, which overcomes critical delivery barriers that limit the activity of ISD and thereby promotes antitumor immunity through the pharmacological activation of cGAS at the forefront of the STING pathway. NanoISD is a nanoparticle formulation that has been engineered to confer deoxyribonuclease resistance, enhance cellular uptake, and promote endosomal escape of ISD into the cytosol, resulting in potent activation of the STING pathway via cGAS. NanoISD mediates the local production of proinflammatory cytokines via STING signaling. Accordingly, the intratumoral administration of NanoISD induces the infiltration of natural killer cells and T lymphocytes into murine tumors. The therapeutic efficacy of NanoISD is demonstrated in preclinical tumor models by attenuated tumor growth, prolonged survival, and an improved response to immune checkpoint blockade therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle M. Garland
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Jonah C. Rosch
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Carcia S. Carson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Lihong Wang-Bishop
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ann Hanna
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Sema Sevimli
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Casey Van Kaer
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Justin M. Balko
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Manuel Ascano
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - John T. Wilson
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
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27
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Stockmal KA, Downs LP, Davis AN, Kemp LK, Karim S, Morgan SE. Cationic Glycopolyelectrolytes for RNA Interference in Tick Cells. Biomacromolecules 2021; 23:34-46. [PMID: 34793129 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis) is the primary vector for bacteria that cause Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi), where numerous glycosylated tick proteins are involved at the interface of vector-host-pathogen interactions. Reducing the expression of key tick proteins, such as selenoprotein K (SelK), through RNA interference is a promising approach to reduce pathogen transmission, but efficient delivery of nucleic acids to arthropods has proven challenging. While cationic glycopolymers have been used as nonviral gene delivery vehicles in mammalian cells, their use in arthropod or insect gene transfection has not been established. In this study, statistical acrylamide-based cationic glycopolymers with glucose or galactose pendant groups were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization, and the effects of the saccharide pendant group and cationic monomer loading on polymer cytotoxicity, RNA complexation, and SelK gene knockdown in ISE6 cells were evaluated. All polymers exhibited low cytotoxicity, yet RNA/copolymer complex cell uptake and gene knockdown were highly dependent on the saccharide structure and the N:P (amino to phosphate groups) ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli A Stockmal
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Latoyia P Downs
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Ashley N Davis
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Lisa K Kemp
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Shahid Karim
- School of Biological, Environmental, and Earth Sciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
| | - Sarah E Morgan
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406-5050, United States
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28
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A comparison of RAFT and ATRP methods for controlled radical polymerization. Nat Rev Chem 2021; 5:859-869. [PMID: 37117386 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-021-00328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization and atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) are the two most common controlled radical polymerization methods. Both methods afford functional polymers with a predefined length, composition, dispersity and end group. Further, RAFT and ATRP tame radicals by reversibly converting active polymeric radicals into dormant chains. However, the mechanisms by which the ATRP and RAFT methods control chain growth are distinct, so each method presents unique opportunities and challenges, depending on the desired application. This Perspective compares RAFT and ATRP by identifying their mechanistic strengths and weaknesses, and their latest synthetic applications.
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29
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Tierney JW, Evans BC, Cheung-Flynn J, Wang B, Colazo JM, Polcz ME, Cook RS, Brophy CM, Duvall CL. Therapeutic MK2 inhibition blocks pathological vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switch. JCI Insight 2021; 6:142339. [PMID: 34622803 PMCID: PMC8525639 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.142339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular procedures, such as stenting, angioplasty, and bypass grafting, often fail due to intimal hyperplasia (IH), wherein contractile vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) dedifferentiate to synthetic VSMCs, which are highly proliferative, migratory, and fibrotic. Previous studies suggest MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 (MK2) inhibition may limit VSMC proliferation and IH, although the molecular mechanism underlying the observation remains unclear. We demonstrated here that MK2 inhibition blocked the molecular program of contractile to synthetic dedifferentiation and mitigated IH development. Molecular markers of the VSMC contractile phenotype were sustained over time in culture in rat primary VSMCs treated with potent, long-lasting MK2 inhibitory peptide nanopolyplexes (MK2i-NPs), a result supported in human saphenous vein specimens cultured ex vivo. RNA-Seq of MK2i-NP-treated primary human VSMCs revealed programmatic switching toward a contractile VSMC gene expression profile, increasing expression of antiinflammatory and contractile-associated genes while lowering expression of proinflammatory, promigratory, and synthetic phenotype-associated genes. Finally, these results were confirmed using an in vivo rabbit vein graft model where brief, intraoperative treatment with MK2i-NPs decreased IH and synthetic phenotype markers while preserving contractile proteins. These results support further development of MK2i-NPs as a therapy for blocking VSMC phenotype switch and IH associated with cardiovascular procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- J William Tierney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brian C Evans
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Joyce Cheung-Flynn
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Juan M Colazo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Monica E Polcz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of General Surgery and
| | - Rebecca S Cook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Colleen M Brophy
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Craig L Duvall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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30
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Bedingfield SK, Colazo JM, Di Francesco M, Yu F, Liu DD, Di Francesco V, Himmel LE, Gupta MK, Cho H, Hasty KA, Decuzzi P, Duvall CL. Top-Down Fabricated microPlates for Prolonged, Intra-articular Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 siRNA Nanocarrier Delivery to Reduce Post-traumatic Osteoarthritis. ACS NANO 2021; 15:14475-14491. [PMID: 34409835 PMCID: PMC9074946 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c04005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) associated with joint injury triggers a degenerative cycle of matrix destruction and inflammatory signaling, leading to pain and loss of function. Here, prolonged RNA interference (RNAi) of matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) is tested as a PTOA disease modifying therapy. MMP13 is upregulated in PTOA and degrades the key cartilage structural protein type II collagen. Short interfering RNA (siRNA) loaded nanoparticles (siNPs) were encapsulated in shape-defined poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) based microPlates (μPLs) to formulate siNP-μPLs that maintained siNPs in the joint significantly longer than delivery of free siNPs. Treatment with siNP-μPLs against MMP13 (siMMP13-μPLs) in a mechanical load-induced mouse model of PTOA maintained potent (65-75%) MMP13 gene expression knockdown and reduced MMP13 protein production in joint tissues throughout a 28-day study. MMP13 silencing reduced PTOA articular cartilage degradation/fibrillation, meniscal deterioration, synovial hyperplasia, osteophytes, and pro-inflammatory gene expression, supporting the therapeutic potential of long-lasting siMMP13-μPL therapy for PTOA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Danielle D. Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Valentina Di Francesco
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa 16163, Italy
| | - Lauren E. Himmel
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Mukesh K. Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Hongsik Cho
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Campbell Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee 38104, United States; Research 151, VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38104, United States
| | - Karen A. Hasty
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University of Tennessee Health Science Center-Campbell Clinic, Memphis, Tennessee 38104, United States; Research 151, VA Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38104, United States
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31
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Richter F, Leer K, Martin L, Mapfumo P, Solomun JI, Kuchenbrod MT, Hoeppener S, Brendel JC, Traeger A. The impact of anionic polymers on gene delivery: how composition and assembly help evading the toxicity-efficiency dilemma. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:292. [PMID: 34579715 PMCID: PMC8477462 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00994-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cationic polymers have been widely studied for non-viral gene delivery due to their ability to bind genetic material and to interact with cellular membranes. However, their charged nature carries the risk of increased cytotoxicity and interaction with serum proteins, limiting their potential in vivo application. Therefore, hydrophilic or anionic shielding polymers are applied to counteract these effects. Herein, a series of micelle-forming and micelle-shielding polymers were synthesized via RAFT polymerization. The copolymer poly[(n-butyl acrylate)-b-(2-(dimethyl amino)ethyl acrylamide)] (P(nBA-b-DMAEAm)) was assembled into cationic micelles and different shielding polymers were applied, i.e., poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), poly(4-acryloyl morpholine) (PNAM) or P(NAM-b-AA) block copolymer. These systems were compared to a triblock terpolymer micelle comprising PAA as the middle block. The assemblies were investigated regarding their morphology, interaction with pDNA, cytotoxicity, transfection efficiency, polyplex uptake and endosomal escape. The naked cationic micelle exhibited superior transfection efficiency, but increased cytotoxicity. The addition of shielding polymers led to reduced toxicity. In particular, the triblock terpolymer micelle convinced with high cell viability and no significant loss in efficiency. The highest shielding effect was achieved by layering micelles with P(NAM-b-AA) supporting the colloidal stability at neutral zeta potential and completely restoring cell viability while maintaining moderate transfection efficiencies. The high potential of this micelle-layer-combination for gene delivery was illustrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Katharina Leer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Liam Martin
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Prosper Mapfumo
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana I Solomun
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Maren T Kuchenbrod
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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32
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Dutta K, Das R, Medeiros J, Kanjilal P, Thayumanavan S. Charge-Conversion Strategies for Nucleic Acid Delivery. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021; 31:2011103. [PMID: 35832306 PMCID: PMC9275120 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202011103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acids are now considered as one of the most potent therapeutic modalities, as their roles go beyond storing genetic information and chemical energy or as signal transducer. Attenuation or expression of desired genes through nucleic acids have profound implications in gene therapy, gene editing and even in vaccine development for immunomodulation. Although nucleic acid therapeutics bring in overwhelming possibilities towards the development of molecular medicines, there are significant loopholes in designing and effective translation of these drugs into the clinic. One of the major pitfalls lies in the traditional design concepts for nucleic acid drug carriers, viz. cationic charge induced cytotoxicity in delivery pathway. Targeting this bottleneck, several pioneering research efforts have been devoted to design innovative carriers through charge-conversion approaches, whereby built-in functionalities convert from cationic to neutral or anionic, or even from anionic to cationic enabling the carrier to overcome several critical barriers for therapeutics delivery, such as serum deactivation, instability in circulation, low transfection and poor endosomal escape. This review will critically analyze various molecular designs of charge-converting nanocarriers in a classified approach for the successful delivery of nucleic acids. Accompanied by the narrative on recent clinical nucleic acid candidates, the review concludes with a discussion on the pitfalls and scope of these interesting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingshuk Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Corteva Agriscience, 9330 Zionsville Road, Indianapolis 46268, United States
| | - Ritam Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jewel Medeiros
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Pintu Kanjilal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - S. Thayumanavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- The Center for Bioactive Delivery- Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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33
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Wang Y, Li C, Ma L, Wang X, Wang K, Lu X, Cai Y. Interfacial Liquid–Liquid Phase Separation-Driven Polymerization-Induced Electrostatic Self-Assembly. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Chao Li
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Lei Ma
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiyu Wang
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xinhua Lu
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yuanli Cai
- State-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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34
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Jeandupeux E, Alameh MG, Ghattas M, De Crescenzo G, Lavertu M. Poly(2-Propylacrylic Acid) Increases In Vitro Bioactivity of Chitosan/mRNA Nanoparticles. J Pharm Sci 2021; 110:3439-3449. [PMID: 34090900 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chitosan-based nanoparticles have been extensively studied for the delivery of nucleic acids. Previous results suggest that these nanoparticles have limited ability to escape the endosome, one of the main cellular barriers hindering nucleic acid delivery. Escape can be improved by the addition of endosomolytic agents during the formulation process or by developing delivery systems with intrinsic properties to disrupt endosomal membranes. In this study, Poly(2-Propylacrylic Acid) (PPAA), an anionic synthetic polymer with known membrane lytic activity was added to the binary chitosan/mRNA nanoparticles to improve bioactivity. The ionization behavior of PPAA was characterized to identify conditions in which PPAA is sufficiently charged to interact electrostatically with chitosan and thus form nanoparticles. The physicochemical characteristics (hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index, ζ-potential) and the in vitro transfection efficiency (bioactivity) of this new family of CS/mRNA/PPAA ternary nanoparticles were evaluated. The addition of PPAA to CS/mRNA nanoparticles was shown to be an efficient strategy to augment in vitro bioactivity. The optimal formulation reached an expression level ~86% of the commercial lipid control at pH 6.5 without any signs of metabolic toxicity. In this paper, we report the effect of salt and pH on the ionization behavior of PPAA and demonstrate 1) successful incorporation of PPAA into/onto nanoparticles, 2) improved bioactivity with PPAA, and 3) that the kosmotropic effects of trehalose play a minimal role in the apparent increase in bioactivity in presence of trehalose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Jeandupeux
- Polytechnique Montreal, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Majed Ghattas
- Polytechnique Montreal, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregory De Crescenzo
- Polytechnique Montreal, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Montreal, QC, Canada; Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Chemical Engineering, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc Lavertu
- Polytechnique Montreal, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Montreal, QC, Canada; Polytechnique Montreal, Department of Chemical Engineering, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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35
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Chen X, Xu K, Yu J, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Cheng Y. Peptide modified polycations with pH triggered lytic activity for efficient gene delivery. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:6301-6308. [PMID: 33020778 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01231a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Endo/lysosome entrapment is the key barrier for gene delivery using synthetic polycations. Although the introduction of a membrane-lytic peptide into polycations could facilitate efficient endo/lysosome release and improve gene delivery efficiency, it is always accompanied by serious safety concerns. In this work, the widely used polycations, poly(2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (PDMAEMA), poly(l-lysine) (PLL) and polyethylenimine (PEI), are modified with a pH-sensitive peptide (C6M3) with selective lytic activity to produce three functional polycations to address the issue of endo/lysosome entrapment and facilitate efficient gene transfer. Hemolysis study shows that the functionalized polycations show good biocompatibility toward red blood cells at neutral pH, and exhibit potent membrane lysis activity under acidic conditions, which are both on-demand for the ideal gene carriers. In vitro transfection studies demonstrate that the peptide modified polycations mediate promising gene delivery efficiency with the luciferase plasmid and the green fluorescence protein plasmid in HeLa cells compared to the parent polycations. Owing to the facile preparation and selective lysis activity of the C6M3 modified polycations, these smart gene vectors may be good candidates for the transfer of various nucleic acids and further clinical gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Chen
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Kai Xu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Jing Yu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Yilong Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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36
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McMillan A, Nguyen MK, Huynh CT, Sarett SM, Ge P, Chetverikova M, Nguyen K, Grosh D, Duvall CL, Alsberg E. Hydrogel microspheres for spatiotemporally controlled delivery of RNA and silencing gene expression within scaffold-free tissue engineered constructs. Acta Biomater 2021; 124:315-326. [PMID: 33465507 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Delivery systems for controlled release of RNA interference (RNAi) molecules, including small interfering (siRNA) and microRNA (miRNA), have the potential to direct stem cell differentiation for regenerative musculoskeletal applications. To date, localized RNA delivery platforms in this area have focused predominantly on bulk scaffold-based approaches, which can interfere with cell-cell interactions important for recapitulating some native musculoskeletal developmental and healing processes in tissue regeneration strategies. In contrast, scaffold-free, high density human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) aggregates may provide an avenue for creating a more biomimetic microenvironment. Here, photocrosslinkable dextran microspheres (MS) encapsulating siRNA-micelles were prepared via an aqueous emulsion method and incorporated within hMSC aggregates for localized and sustained delivery of bioactive siRNA. siRNA-micelles released from MS in a sustained fashion over the course of 28 days, and the released siRNA retained its ability to transfect cells for gene silencing. Incorporation of fluorescently labeled siRNA (siGLO)-laden MS within hMSC aggregates exhibited tunable siGLO delivery and uptake by stem cells. Incorporation of MS loaded with siRNA targeting green fluorescent protein (siGFP) within GFP-hMSC aggregates provided sustained presentation of siGFP within the constructs and prolonged GFP silencing for up to 15 days. This platform system enables sustained gene silencing within stem cell aggregates and thus shows great potential in tissue regeneration applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This work presents a new strategy to deliver RNA-nanocomplexes from photocrosslinked dextran microspheres for tunable presentation of bioactive RNA. These microspheres were embedded within scaffold-free, human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) aggregates for sustained gene silencing within three-dimensional cell constructs while maintaining cell viability. Unlike exogenous delivery of RNA within culture medium that suffers from diffusion limitations and potential need for repeated transfections, this strategy provides local and sustained RNA presentation from the microspheres to cells in the constructs. This system has the potential to inhibit translation of hMSC differentiation antagonists and drive hMSC differentiation toward desired specific lineages, and is an important step in the engineering of high-density stem cell systems with incorporated instructive genetic cues for application in tissue regeneration.
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37
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Wang S. pH-Responsive Amphiphilic Carboxylate Polymers: Design and Potential for Endosomal Escape. Front Chem 2021; 9:645297. [PMID: 33834015 PMCID: PMC8021698 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.645297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular delivery of emerging biomacromolecular therapeutics, such as genes, peptides, and proteins, remains a great challenge. Unlike small hydrophobic drugs, these biotherapeutics are impermeable to the cell membrane, thus relying on the endocytic pathways for cell entry. After endocytosis, they are entrapped in the endosomes and finally degraded in lysosomes. To overcome these barriers, many carriers have been developed to facilitate the endosomal escape of these biomacromolecules. This mini-review focuses on the development of anionic pH-responsive amphiphilic carboxylate polymers for endosomal escape applications, including the design and synthesis of these polymers, the mechanistic insights of their endosomal escape capability, the challenges in the field, and future opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Wang
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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38
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Subhan MA, Attia SA, Torchilin VP. Advances in siRNA delivery strategies for the treatment of MDR cancer. Life Sci 2021; 274:119337. [PMID: 33713664 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) represents a promising therapeutic method that uses siRNA for cancer treatment. Although the RNAi technique has been increasingly used for clinical trials, systemic siRNA delivery into targeted cells is still challenging. The barriers impeding siRNA therapeutics delivery and impacting the treatment outcome must overcome with negligible systemic toxicity for a desirable and successful delivery of siRNA to MDR cancer cells. Nano delivery strategies have been investigated for nanocarrier functionalization, cancer immunotherapy and cancer targeting. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), dynamic polyconjugates (DPC™), GalNAc-siRNA conjugates, exosome and RBC systems have shown potential for efficient delivery of siRNA to cancer cells. Delivery of siRNA to tumor cells, immune cells to regulate T cell functions for immunotherapy are promising approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdus Subhan
- Department of Chemistry, ShahJalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh.
| | - Sara Aly Attia
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- CPBN, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Oncology, Radiotherapy and Plastic Surgery I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
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39
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Richter F, Mapfumo P, Martin L, Solomun JI, Hausig F, Frietsch JJ, Ernst T, Hoeppener S, Brendel JC, Traeger A. Improved gene delivery to K-562 leukemia cells by lipoic acid modified block copolymer micelles. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:70. [PMID: 33676500 PMCID: PMC7936509 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although there has been substantial progress in the research field of gene delivery, there are some challenges remaining, e.g. there are still cell types such as primary cells and suspension cells (immune cells) known to be difficult to transfect. Cationic polymers have gained increasing attention due to their ability to bind, condense and mask genetic material, being amenable to scale up and highly variable in their composition. In addition, they can be combined with further monomers exhibiting desired biological and chemical properties, such as antioxidative, pH- and redox-responsive or biocompatible features. By introduction of hydrophobic monomers, in particular as block copolymers, cationic micelles can be formed possessing an improved chance of transfection in otherwise challenging cells. In this study, the antioxidant biomolecule lipoic acid, which can also be used as crosslinker, was incorporated into the hydrophobic block of a diblock copolymer, poly{[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]101-b-[n-(butyl methacrylate)124-co-(lipoic acid methacrylate)22]} (P(DMAEMA101-b-[nBMA124-co-LAMA22])), synthesized by RAFT polymerization and assembled into micelles (LAMA-mic). These micelles were investigated regarding their pDNA binding, cytotoxicity mechanisms and transfection efficiency in K-562 and HEK293T cells, the former representing a difficult to transfect, suspension leukemia cell line. The LAMA-mic exhibited low cytotoxicity at applied concentrations but demonstrated superior transfection efficiency in HEK293T and especially K-562 cells. In-depth studies on the transfection mechanism revealed that transfection efficiency in K-562 cells does not depend on the specific oncogenic fusion gene BCR-ABL alone. It is independent of the cellular uptake of polymer-pDNA complexes but correlates with the endosomal escape of the LAMA-mic. A comparison of the transfection efficiency of the LAMA-mic with structurally comparable micelles without lipoic acid showed that lipoic acid is not solely responsible for the superior transfection efficiency of the LAMA-mic. More likely, a synergistic effect of the antioxidative lipoic acid and the micellar architecture was identified. Therefore, the incorporation of lipoic acid into the core of hydrophobic-cationic micelles represents a promising tailor-made transfer strategy, which can potentially be beneficial for other difficult to transfect cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Prosper Mapfumo
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Liam Martin
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jana I Solomun
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Hausig
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Jochen J Frietsch
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Ernst
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Abteilung Hämatologie und Internistische Onkologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743, Jena, Germany.
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany.
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40
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Cook A, Decuzzi P. Harnessing Endogenous Stimuli for Responsive Materials in Theranostics. ACS NANO 2021; 15:2068-2098. [PMID: 33555171 PMCID: PMC7905878 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Materials that respond to endogenous stimuli are being leveraged to enhance spatiotemporal control in a range of biomedical applications from drug delivery to diagnostic tools. The design of materials that undergo morphological or chemical changes in response to specific biological cues or pathologies will be an important area of research for improving efficacies of existing therapies and imaging agents, while also being promising for developing personalized theranostic systems. Internal stimuli-responsive systems can be engineered across length scales from nanometers to macroscopic and can respond to endogenous signals such as enzymes, pH, glucose, ATP, hypoxia, redox signals, and nucleic acids by incorporating synthetic bio-inspired moieties or natural building blocks. This Review will summarize response mechanisms and fabrication strategies used in internal stimuli-responsive materials with a focus on drug delivery and imaging for a broad range of pathologies, including cancer, diabetes, vascular disorders, inflammation, and microbial infections. We will also discuss observed challenges, future research directions, and clinical translation aspects of these responsive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander
B. Cook
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology
for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego
30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Paolo Decuzzi
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology
for Precision Medicine, Istituto Italiano
di Tecnologia, Via Morego
30, 16163 Genova, Italy
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41
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Solomun JI, Cinar G, Mapfumo P, Richter F, Moek E, Hausig F, Martin L, Hoeppener S, Nischang I, Traeger A. Solely aqueous formulation of hydrophobic cationic polymers for efficient gene delivery. Int J Pharm 2021; 593:120080. [PMID: 33246046 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cationic polymers are promising gene delivery vectors due to their ability to bind and protect genetic material. The introduction of hydrophobic moieties into cationic polymers can further improve the vector efficiency, but common formulations of hydrophobic polymers involve harsh conditions such as organic solvents, impairing intactness and loading efficiency of the genetic material. In this study, a mild, aqueous formulation method for the encapsulation of high amounts of genetic material is presented. A well-defined pH-responsive hydrophobic copolymer, i.e. poly((n-butylmethacrylate)-co-(methylmethacrylate)-co-(2-(dimethylamino) ethylmethacrylate)), (PBMD) was synthesized by reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Exploiting the pH-dependent solubility behavior of the polymer, stable pDNA loaded nanoparticles were prepared and characterized using analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). This novel formulation approach showed high transfection efficiencies in HEK293T cells, while requiring 5- to 10-fold less pDNA compared to linear polyethylenimine (LPEI), in particular at short incubation times and in serum-containing media. Furthermore, the formulation was successfully adopted for siRNA and mRNA encapsulation and the commercially approved polymer Eudragit® E(PO/100). Overall, the aqueous formulation approach, accompanied by a tailor-made hydrophobic polymer and detailed physicochemical and application studies, led to improved gene delivery vectors with high potential for further applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana I Solomun
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gizem Cinar
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Prosper Mapfumo
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Friederike Richter
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Moek
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Franziska Hausig
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Liam Martin
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hoeppener
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ivo Nischang
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Anja Traeger
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstrasse 10, 07743 Jena, Germany; Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Jiang X, Abedi K, Shi J. Polymeric nanoparticles for RNA delivery. REFERENCE MODULE IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING 2021. [PMCID: PMC8568333 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822425-0.00017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As exemplified by recent clinical approval of RNA drugs including the latest COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, RNA therapy has demonstrated great promise as an emerging medicine. Central to the success of RNA therapy is the delivery of RNA molecules into the right cells at the right location. While the clinical success of nanotechnology in RNA therapy has been limited to lipid-based nanoparticles currently, polymers, due to their tunability and robustness, have also evolved as a class of promising material for the delivery of various therapeutics including RNAs. This article overviews different types of polymers used in RNA delivery and the methods for the formulation of polymeric nanoparticles and highlights recent progress of polymeric nanoparticle-based RNA therapy.
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Šubr V, Ormsby T, Šácha P, Konvalinka J, Etrych T, Kostka L. The role of the biotin linker in polymer antibody mimetics, iBodies, in biochemical assays. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00707f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of a linker between the polymer backbone and biotin, and the influence of the number of biotins per polymer chain as well as the biotin position on the polymer chain on the efficacy of the ELISA or pull-down assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Šubr
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského n. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Ormsby
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Šácha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Konvalinka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo n. 2, 166 10 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského n. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského n. 2, 162 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
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Xia Y, Xu X, Yu H, Zhou C, Nie Z, Yang J, Qian J, Ni H. Preparation of zwitterionic microspheres of PDMAEMA-b-PMAA by RAFT dispersion polymerization in alcohol, their pH-sensitivity in water, and self-assembly in KCl solution. Colloid Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-020-04790-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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45
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Jacobson ME, Becker KW, Palmer CR, Pastora LE, Fletcher RB, Collins KA, Fedorova O, Duvall CL, Pyle AM, Wilson JT. Structural Optimization of Polymeric Carriers to Enhance the Immunostimulatory Activity of Molecularly Defined RIG-I Agonists. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:2008-2022. [PMID: 33274278 PMCID: PMC7706089 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
RNA ligands of retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I) hold significant promise as antiviral agents, vaccine adjuvants, and cancer immunotherapeutics, but their efficacy is hindered by inefficient intracellular delivery to the cytosol where RIG-I is localized. Here, we address this challenge through the synthesis and evaluation of a library of polymeric carriers rationally designed to promote the endosomal escape of 5'-triphosphate RNA (3pRNA) RIG-I agonists. We synthesized a series of PEG-block-(DMAEMA-co-A n MA) polymers, where A n MA is an alkyl methacrylate monomer ranging from n = 2-12 carbons, of variable composition, and examined effects of polymer structure on the intracellular delivery of 3pRNA. Through in vitro screening of 30 polymers, we identified four lead carriers (4-50, 6-40, 8-40, and 10-40, where the first number refers to the alkyl chain length and the second number refers to the percentage of hydrophobic monomer) that packaged 3pRNA into ∼100-nm-diameter particles and significantly enhanced its immunostimulatory activity in multiple cell types. In doing so, these studies also revealed an interplay between alkyl chain length and monomer composition in balancing RNA loading, pH-responsive properties, and endosomal escape, studies that establish new structure-activity relationships for polymeric delivery of 3pRNA and other nucleic acid therapeutics. Importantly, lead carriers enabled intravenous administration of 3pRNA in mice, resulting in increased RIG-I activation as measured by increased levels of IFN-α in serum and elevated expression of Ifnb1 and Cxcl10 in major clearance organs, effects that were dependent on polymer composition. Collectively, these studies have yielded novel polymeric carriers designed and optimized specifically to enhance the delivery and activity of 3pRNA with potential to advance the clinical development of RIG-I agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max E. Jacobson
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Kyle W. Becker
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Christian R. Palmer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Lucinda E. Pastora
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - R. Brock Fletcher
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Kathryn A. Collins
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Department
of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Craig L. Duvall
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Anna M. Pyle
- Department
of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - John. T. Wilson
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University
Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Institute of Nanoscale Science and Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt-Ingram
Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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Sivaram AJ, Wardiana A, Alcantara S, Sonderegger SE, Fletcher NL, Houston ZH, Howard CB, Mahler SM, Alexander C, Kent SJ, Bell CA, Thurecht KJ. Controlling the Biological Fate of Micellar Nanoparticles: Balancing Stealth and Targeting. ACS NANO 2020; 14:13739-13753. [PMID: 32936613 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c06033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Integrating nanomaterials with biological entities has led to the development of diagnostic tools and biotechnology-derived therapeutic products. However, to optimize the design of these hybrid bionanomaterials, it is essential to understand how controlling the biological interactions will influence desired outcomes. Ultimately, this knowledge will allow more rapid translation from the bench to the clinic. In this paper, we developed a micellar system that was assembled using modular antibody-polymer amphiphilic materials. The amphiphilic nature was established using either poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or a single-chain variable fragment (scFv) from an antibody as the hydrophile and a thermoresponsive polymer (poly(oligoethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate) as the hydrophobe. By varying the ratios of these components, a series of nanoparticles with different antibody content was self-assembled, where the surface presentation of targeting ligand was carefully controlled. In vitro and in vivo analysis of these systems identified a mismatch between the optimal targeting ligand density to achieve maximum cell association in vitro compared to tumor accumulation in vivo. For this system, we determined an optimum antibody density for both longer circulation and enhanced targeting to tumors that balanced stealthiness of the particle (to evade immune recognition as determined in both mouse models and in whole human blood) with enhanced accumulation achieved through receptor binding on tumor cells in solid tumors. This approach provides fundamental insights into how different antibody densities affect the interaction of designed nanoparticles with both target cells and immune cells, thereby offering a method to probe the intricate interplay between increased targeting efficiency and the subsequent immune response to nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal J Sivaram
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Andri Wardiana
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Sheilajen Alcantara
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stefan E Sonderegger
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Fletcher
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zachary H Houston
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Christopher B Howard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Stephen M Mahler
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Cameron Alexander
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Kent
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Craig A Bell
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Kristofer J Thurecht
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and ARC Training Centre for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging Technology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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47
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Chidanguro T, Ghimire E, Simon YC. Shape-transformation of polymersomes from glassy and crosslinkable ABA triblock copolymers. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:8914-8924. [PMID: 33026406 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01643h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the field of polymer vesicles, i.e. polymersomes, have demonstrated that disrupting the equilibrium conditions of the milieu could lead to shape transformation into stable non-spherical morphologies, bringing on-demand shape control to reality and bearing great promise for cell mimicry and a variety of biomedical applications. Here, we studied the self-assembly behavior of glassy amphiphilic triblock copolymers, poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polystyrene-stat-poly(coumarin methacrylate)-block-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-b-P(S-stat-CMA)-b-PEG), and their response to various stimuli. By changing the respective molecular weights of both the hydrophobic P(S-stat-CMA) and the hydrophilic PEG blocks, we varied the hydrophobic volume fraction thereby accessing a range of morphologies from spherical and worm-like micelles, as well as polymersomes. For the latter, we observed that slow osmotic pressure changes induced by dialysis led to a decrease in size while rapid osmotic pressure changes by addition of a PEG fusogen led to morphological transformations into rod-like and tubular polymersomes. We also found out that chemically crosslinking the vesicles before inducing osmotic pressure changes led to the vesicles exhibiting hypotonic shock, atypical for glassy polymersomes. We believe that this approach combining the robustness of triblock copolymers and light-based transformations will help expand the toolbox to design ever more complex biomimetic constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamuka Chidanguro
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr, #5050, Hattiesburg, 39406, MS, USA.
| | - Elina Ghimire
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr, #5050, Hattiesburg, 39406, MS, USA.
| | - Yoan C Simon
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, 118 College Dr, #5050, Hattiesburg, 39406, MS, USA.
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48
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Sims KR, Maceren JP, Liu Y, Rocha GR, Koo H, Benoit DSW. Dual antibacterial drug-loaded nanoparticles synergistically improve treatment of Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Acta Biomater 2020; 115:418-431. [PMID: 32853808 PMCID: PMC7530141 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries (i.e., tooth decay), which is caused by biofilm formation on tooth surfaces, is the most prevalent oral disease worldwide. Unfortunately, many anti-biofilm drugs lack efficacy within the oral cavity due to poor solubility, retention, and penetration into biofilms. While drug delivery systems (DDS) have been developed to overcome these hurdles and improve traditional antimicrobial treatments, including farnesol, efficacy is still modest due to myriad resistance mechanisms employed by biofilms, suggesting that synergistic drug treatments may be more efficacious. Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), a cariogenic pathogen and biofilm forming model organism, has several key virulence factors including acidogenicity and exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix synthesis. Flavonoids, such as myricetin, can reduce both biofilm acidogenicity and EPS synthesis. Therefore, a nanoparticle carrier (NPC) DDS with flexibility to co-load farnesol in the hydrophobic core and myricetin within the cationic corona, was tested in vitro using established and developing S. mutans biofilms. Co-loaded NPC treatments effectively disrupted biofilm biomass (i.e., dry weight) and reduced biofilm viability by ~3 log CFU/mL versus single drug-only controls in developing biofilms, suggesting dual-drug delivery exhibits synergistic anti-biofilm effects. Mechanistic studies revealed that co-loaded NPCs synergistically inhibited planktonic bacterial growth compared to controls and reduced S. mutans acidogenicity due to decreased atpD expression, a gene associated with acid tolerance. Moreover, the myricetin-loaded NPC corona enhanced NPC binding to tooth-mimetic surfaces, which can increase drug efficacy through improved retention at the biofilm-apatite interface. Altogether, these findings suggest promise for co-delivery of myricetin and farnesol DDS as an alternative anti-biofilm treatment to prevent dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Sims
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Translational Biomedical Science, Rochester, NY, United States; University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Julian P Maceren
- University of Rochester, Department of Chemistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Yuan Liu
- University of Pennsylvania, Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Guilherme R Rocha
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, NY, United States; São Paulo State University, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hyun Koo
- University of Pennsylvania, Center for Innovation and Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Department of Orthodontics, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Danielle S W Benoit
- University of Rochester, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rochester, NY, United States; University of Rochester, Materials Science Program, NY, United States; University of Rochester, Department of Orthopaedics and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, NY, United States; University of Rochester, Center for Oral Biology, NY, United States; University of Rochester, Department of Chemical Engineering, NY, United States.
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49
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Rueda-Gensini L, Cifuentes J, Castellanos MC, Puentes PR, Serna JA, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC. Tailoring Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Cellular Internalization and Endosomal Escape. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1816. [PMID: 32932957 PMCID: PMC7559083 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have been widely explored for biomedical applications due to their high biocompatibility, surface-coating versatility, and superparamagnetic properties. Upon exposure to an external magnetic field, IONs can be precisely directed to a region of interest and serve as exceptional delivery vehicles and cellular markers. However, the design of nanocarriers that achieve an efficient endocytic uptake, escape lysosomal degradation, and perform precise intracellular functions is still a challenge for their application in translational medicine. This review highlights several aspects that mediate the activation of the endosomal pathways, as well as the different properties that govern endosomal escape and nuclear transfection of magnetic IONs. In particular, we review a variety of ION surface modification alternatives that have emerged for facilitating their endocytic uptake and their timely escape from endosomes, with special emphasis on how these can be manipulated for the rational design of cell-penetrating vehicles. Moreover, additional modifications for enhancing nuclear transfection are also included in the design of therapeutic vehicles that must overcome this barrier. Understanding these mechanisms opens new perspectives in the strategic development of vehicles for cell tracking, cell imaging and the targeted intracellular delivery of drugs and gene therapy sequences and vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rueda-Gensini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Javier Cifuentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Maria Claudia Castellanos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Paola Ruiz Puentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Julian A. Serna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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50
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Shodeinde AB, Murphy AC, Oldenkamp HF, Potdar AS, Ludolph CM, Peppas NA. Recent Advances in Smart Biomaterials for the Detection and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2020; 30:1909556. [PMID: 33071713 PMCID: PMC7566744 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201909556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are a group of debilitating illnesses that are often idiopathic in nature. The steady rise in the prevalence of these conditions warrants new approaches for diagnosis and treatment. Stimuli-responsive biomaterials also known as "smart", "intelligent" or "recognitive" biomaterials are widely studied for their applications in drug delivery, biosensing and tissue engineering due to their ability to produce thermal, optical, chemical, or structural changes upon interacting with the biological environment. This critical analysis highlights studies within the last decade that harness the recognitive capabilities of these biomaterials towards the development of novel detection and treatment options for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaliyah B. Shodeinde
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
| | - Andrew C. Murphy
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
| | - Heidi F. Oldenkamp
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
| | - Abhishek S. Potdar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
| | - Catherine M. Ludolph
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
| | - Nicholas A. Peppas
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, 200 E. Dean Keeton St. Stop C0400, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W Dean Keeton Street Stop C0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave. Stop A1900, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, 1601 Trinity St., Bldg. B, Stop Z0800, Austin, TX, USA, 78712
- Department of Pediatrics, Dell Medical School, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd., Austin, TX, USA, 78723
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