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Pan X, Huang W, Nie G, Wang C, Wang H. Ultrasound-Sensitive Intelligent Nanosystems: A Promising Strategy for the Treatment of Neurological Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2303180. [PMID: 37871967 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurological diseases are a major global health challenge, affecting hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Ultrasound therapy plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of neurological diseases due to its noninvasive, highly focused, and strong tissue penetration capabilities. However, the complexity of brain and nervous system and the safety risks associated with prolonged exposure to ultrasound therapy severely limit the applicability of ultrasound therapy. Ultrasound-sensitive intelligent nanosystems (USINs) are a novel therapeutic strategy for neurological diseases that bring greater spatiotemporal controllability and improve safety to overcome these challenges. This review provides a detailed overview of therapeutic strategies and clinical advances of ultrasound in neurological diseases, focusing on the potential of USINs-based ultrasound in the treatment of neurological diseases. Based on the physical and chemical effects induced by ultrasound, rational design of USINs is a prerequisite for improving the efficacy of ultrasound therapy. Recent developments of ultrasound-sensitive nanocarriers and nanoagents are systemically reviewed. Finally, the challenges and developing prospects of USINs are discussed in depth, with a view to providing useful insights and guidance for efficient ultrasound treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Pan
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenping Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guangjun Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Changyong Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Hai Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials & Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Ting SG, Lea-Banks H, Hynynen K. Physical Characterization to Improve Scalability and Potential of Anesthetic-Loaded Nanodroplets. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2077. [PMID: 37631291 PMCID: PMC10457791 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug-loaded perfluorocarbon nanodroplets (NDs) can be activated non-invasively by focused ultrasound (FUS) and allow for precise drug-delivery. Anesthetic-loaded NDs and transcranial FUS have previously achieved targeted neuromodulation. To assess the clinical potential of anesthetic-loaded NDs, in depth physical characterization and investigation of storage strategies and triggered-activation is necessary. Pentobarbital-loaded decafluorobutane nanodroplets (PBNDs) with a Definity-derived lipid shell (237 nm; 4.08 × 109 particles/mL) were fabricated and assessed. Change in droplet stability, concentration, and drug-release efficacy were tested for PBNDs frozen at -80 °C over 4 weeks. PBND diameter and the polydispersity index of thawed droplets remained consistent up to 14 days frozen. Cryo-TEM images revealed NDs begin to lose circularity at 7 days, and by 14 days, perfluorocarbon dissolution and lipid fragmentation occurred. The level of acoustic response and drug release decreases through prolonged storage. PBNDs showed no hemolytic activity at clinically relevant concentrations and conditions. At increasing sonication pressures, liquid PBNDs vaporized into gas microbubbles, and acoustic activity at the second harmonic frequency (2 f0) peaked at lower pressures than the subharmonic frequency (1/2 f0). Definity-based PBNDs have been thoroughly characterized, cryo-TEM has been shown to be suitable to image the internal structure of volatile NDs, and PBNDs can be reliably stored at -80 °C for future use up to 7 days without significant degradation, loss of acoustic response, or reduction in ultrasound-triggered drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siulam Ginni Ting
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - Harriet Lea-Banks
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
| | - Kullervo Hynynen
- Physical Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada;
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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Fumadó Navarro J, Lomora M. Mechanoresponsive Drug Delivery Systems for Vascular Diseases. Macromol Biosci 2023; 23:e2200466. [PMID: 36670512 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mechanoresponsive drug delivery systems (DDS) have emerged as promising candidates to improve the current effectiveness and lower the side effects typically associated with direct drug administration in the context of vascular diseases. Despite tremendous research efforts to date, designing drug delivery systems able to respond to mechanical stimuli to potentially treat these diseases is still in its infancy. By understanding relevant biological forces emerging in healthy and pathological vascular endothelium, it is believed that better-informed design strategies can be deduced for the fabrication of simple-to-complex macromolecular assemblies capable of sensing mechanical forces. These responsive systems are discussed through insights into essential parameter design (composition, size, shape, and aggregation state) , as well as their functionalization with (macro)molecules that are intrinsically mechanoresponsive (e.g., mechanosensitive ion channels and mechanophores). Mechanical forces, including the pathological shear stress and exogenous stimuli (e.g., ultrasound, magnetic fields), used for the activation of mechanoresponsive DDS are also introduced, followed by in vitro and in vivo experimental models used to investigate and validate such novel therapies. Overall, this review aims to propose a fresh perspective through identified challenges and proposed solutions that could be of benefit for the further development of this exciting field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josep Fumadó Navarro
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Upper Newcastle, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
| | - Mihai Lomora
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, University of Galway, University Road, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
- CÚRAM, SFI Research Centre for Medical Devices, University of Galway, Upper Newcastle, Galway, H91 W2TY, Ireland
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Klegerman ME, Moody MR, Huang SL, Peng T, Laing ST, Govindarajan V, Danila D, Tahanan A, Rahbar MH, Vela D, Genstler C, Haworth KJ, Holland CK, McPherson DD, Kee PH. Demonstration of ultrasound-mediated therapeutic delivery of fibrin-targeted pioglitazone-loaded echogenic liposomes into the arterial bed for attenuation of peri-stent restenosis. J Drug Target 2023; 31:109-118. [PMID: 35938912 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2110251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Peri-stent restenosis following stent implantation is a major clinical problem. We have previously demonstrated that ultrasound-facilitated liposomal delivery of pioglitazone (PGN) to the arterial wall attenuated in-stent restenosis. To evaluate ultrasound mediated arterial delivery, in Yucatan miniswine, balloon inflations were performed in the carotid and subclavian arteries to simulate stent implantation and induce fibrin formation. The fibrin-binding peptide, GPRPPGGGC, was conjugated to echogenic liposomes (ELIP) containing dinitrophenyl-L-alanine-labelled pioglitazone (DNP-PGN) for targeting purposes. After pre-treating the arteries with nitroglycerine, fibrin-binding peptide-conjugated PGN-loaded ELIP (PAFb-DNP-PGN-ELIP also termed atheroglitatide) were delivered to the injured arteries via an endovascular catheter with an ultrasound core, either with or without ultrasound application (EKOSTM Endovascular System, Boston Scientific). In arteries treated with atheroglitatide, there was substantial delivery of PGN into the superficial layers (5 µm from the lumen) of the arteries with and without ultrasound, [(1951.17 relative fluorescence units (RFU) vs. 1901.17 RFU; P-value = 0.939)]. With ultrasound activation there was increased penetration of PGN into the deeper arterial layers (up to 35 µm from the lumen) [(13195.25 RFU vs. 7681.00 RFU; P-value = 0.005)]. These pre-clinical data demonstrate ultrasound mediated therapeutic vascular delivery to deeper layers of the injured arterial wall. This model has the potential to reduce peri- stent restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin E Klegerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melanie R Moody
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shao-Ling Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Susan T Laing
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vijay Govindarajan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Delia Danila
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amirali Tahanan
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mohammad H Rahbar
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Deborah Vela
- Cardiovascular Pathology Research Department, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Kevin J Haworth
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christy K Holland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - David D McPherson
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick H Kee
- Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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5
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Vidallon MLP, Teo BM, Bishop AI, Tabor RF. Next-Generation Colloidal Materials for Ultrasound Imaging Applications. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2022; 48:1373-1396. [PMID: 35641393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound has important applications, predominantly in the field of diagnostic imaging. Presently, colloidal systems such as microbubbles, phase-change emulsion droplets and particle systems with acoustic properties and multiresponsiveness are being developed to address typical issues faced when using commercial ultrasound contrast agents, and to extend the utility of such systems to targeted drug delivery and multimodal imaging. Current technologies and increasing research data on the chemistry, physics and materials science of new colloidal systems are also leading to the development of more complex, novel and application-specific colloidal assemblies with ultrasound contrast enhancement and other properties, which could be beneficial for multiple biomedical applications, especially imaging-guided treatments. In this article, we review recent developments in new colloids with applications that use ultrasound contrast enhancement. This work also highlights the emergence of colloidal materials fabricated from or modified with biologically derived and bio-inspired materials, particularly in the form of biopolymers and biomembranes. Challenges, limitations, potential developments and future directions of these next-generation colloidal systems are also presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Boon Mian Teo
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alexis I Bishop
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rico F Tabor
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Abstract
Nanobubbles are nanoscopic gaseous domains than can exist on solid surfaces or in bulk liquids. They have attracted significant attention in the last decade due to their long-time (meta)stability and ready potential for real-world applications, especially in environmental engineering and more sustainable ecosystems, water treatment, irrigation, and crop growth. After reviewing important nano-bubble science and activity, with some of the latest promising results in agriculture, we point out important directions in applications of nano-bubble phenomena for boosting sustainability, with viewpoints on how to revolutionise best-practice environmental and green sustainability, taking into account economic drivers and impacts. More specifically, it is pointed out how nanobubbles may be used as delivery vehicles, or “nano-carriers”, for nutrients or other agents to specific targets in a variety of ecosystems of environmental relevance, and how core this is to realising a vision of ultra-dense NBs in shaping a positive and lasting impact on ecosystems and our natural environment.
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van Alem CMA, Metselaar JM, van Kooten C, Rotmans JI. Recent Advances in Liposomal-Based Anti-Inflammatory Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071004. [PMID: 34371695 PMCID: PMC8309101 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Liposomes can be seen as ideal carriers for anti-inflammatory drugs as their ability to (passively) target sites of inflammation and release their content to inflammatory target cells enables them to increase local efficacy with only limited systemic exposure and adverse effects. Nonetheless, few liposomal formulations seem to reach the clinic. The current review provides an overview of the more recent innovations in liposomal treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, vascular inflammation, and transplantation. Cutting edge developments include the liposomal delivery of gene and RNA therapeutics and the use of hybrid systems where several liposomal bilayer features, or several drugs, are combined in a single formulation. The majority of the articles reviewed here focus on preclinical animal studies where proof-of-principle of an improved efficacy-safety ratio is observed when using liposomal formulations. A few clinical studies are included as well, which brings us to a discussion about the challenges of clinical translation of liposomal nanomedicines in the field of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla M. A. van Alem
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.M.A.v.A.); (C.v.K.)
| | - Josbert M. Metselaar
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Cees van Kooten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.M.A.v.A.); (C.v.K.)
| | - Joris I. Rotmans
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (C.M.A.v.A.); (C.v.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +31-(0)-7152-62148
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8
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Mujtaba J, Liu J, Dey KK, Li T, Chakraborty R, Xu K, Makarov D, Barmin RA, Gorin DA, Tolstoy VP, Huang G, Solovev AA, Mei Y. Micro-Bio-Chemo-Mechanical-Systems: Micromotors, Microfluidics, and Nanozymes for Biomedical Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007465. [PMID: 33893682 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Wireless nano-/micromotors powered by chemical reactions and/or external fields generate motive forces, perform tasks, and significantly extend short-range dynamic responses of passive biomedical microcarriers. However, before micromotors can be translated into clinical use, several major problems, including the biocompatibility of materials, the toxicity of chemical fuels, and deep tissue imaging methods, must be solved. Nanomaterials with enzyme-like characteristics (e.g., catalase, oxidase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase), that is, nanozymes, can significantly expand the scope of micromotors' chemical fuels. A convergence of nanozymes, micromotors, and microfluidics can lead to a paradigm shift in the fabrication of multifunctional micromotors in reasonable quantities, encapsulation of desired subsystems, and engineering of FDA-approved core-shell structures with tuneable biological, physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. Microfluidic methods are used to prepare stable bubbles/microbubbles and capsules integrating ultrasound, optoacoustic, fluorescent, and magnetic resonance imaging modalities. The aim here is to discuss an interdisciplinary approach of three independent emerging topics: micromotors, nanozymes, and microfluidics to creatively: 1) embrace new ideas, 2) think across boundaries, and 3) solve problems whose solutions are beyond the scope of a single discipline toward the development of micro-bio-chemo-mechanical-systems for diverse bioapplications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawayria Mujtaba
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Jinrun Liu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Krishna K Dey
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Tianlong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics and System, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Rik Chakraborty
- Discipline of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, 382355, India
| | - Kailiang Xu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Denys Makarov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roman A Barmin
- Center of Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Gorin
- Center of Photonics and Quantum Materials, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobelya Str, Moscow, 121205, Russia
| | - Valeri P Tolstoy
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Petergof, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Gaoshan Huang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Alexander A Solovev
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yongfeng Mei
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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Su C, Ren X, Nie F, Li T, Lv W, Li H, Zhang Y. Current advances in ultrasound-combined nanobubbles for cancer-targeted therapy: a review of the current status and future perspectives. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12915-12928. [PMID: 35423829 PMCID: PMC8697319 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra08727k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The non-specific distribution, non-selectivity towards cancerous cells, and adverse off-target side effects of anticancer drugs and other therapeutic molecules lead to their inferior clinical efficacy. Accordingly, ultrasound-based targeted delivery of therapeutic molecules loaded in smart nanocarriers is currently gaining wider acceptance for the treatment and management of cancer. Nanobubbles (NBs) are nanosize carriers, which are currently used as effective drug/gene delivery systems because they can deliver drugs/genes selectively to target sites. Thus, combining the applications of ultrasound with NBs has recently demonstrated increased localization of anticancer molecules in tumor tissues with triggered release behavior. Consequently, an effective therapeutic concentration of drugs/genes is achieved in target tumor tissues with ultimately increased therapeutic efficacy and minimal side-effects on other non-cancerous tissues. This review illustrates present developments in the field of ultrasound-nanobubble combined strategies for targeted cancer treatment. The first part of this review discusses the composition and the formulation parameters of NBs. Next, we illustrate the interactions and biological effects of combining NBs and ultrasound. Subsequently, we explain the potential of NBs combined with US for targeted cancer therapeutics. Finally, the present and future directions for the improvement of current methods are proposed. NBs combined with ultrasound demonstrated the ability to enhance the targeting of anticancer agents and improve the efficacy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhong Su
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Pain, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - XiaoJun Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Fang Nie
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Tiangang Li
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-Care Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Wenhao Lv
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Pneumology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
- Department of Emergency, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
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Wu H, He Y, Wu H, Zhou M, Xu Z, Xiong R, Yan F, Liu H. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging-guided focused ultrasound-mediated therapy against Rheumatoid Arthritis by MTX-ICG-loaded iRGD-modified echogenic liposomes. Am J Cancer Res 2020; 10:10092-10105. [PMID: 32929336 PMCID: PMC7481417 DOI: 10.7150/thno.44865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a common inflammatory disorder of the joints characterized by synovitis and pannus formation, often results in irreversible joint erosion and disability. Methotrexate (MTX) is the first-line drug against RA, but the therapeutic effects are sub-optimal due to its poor retention at the target sites and systemic side effects. Multifunctional nanoparticles are highly promising agents for minimally invasive, traceable and effective targeted therapy. Methods: This study developed iRGD peptide-functionalized echogenic liposomes (iELPs) which encapsulates MTX and indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescent probe through the thin film-hydration method. Results: The resulting iELPs showed high affinity for endothelial cells overexpressing αvβ3 integrin, favorable acoustic response and fluorescence tracking properties. Also, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging of iELPs and ultrasound-triggered drug release of MTX were proved in a mouse RA model, greatly improving the therapeutic efficacy and reducing MTX side effects. Histological assessment of the articular tissues further revealed significantly lower inflammatory cell infiltration and angiogenesis in the iELPs-treated and sonicated mice. Conclusion: Our study provides a promising nanoplatform for integrating ultrasound-controlled drug release and NIR fluorescence imaging for RA treatment.
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11
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Stride E, Segers T, Lajoinie G, Cherkaoui S, Bettinger T, Versluis M, Borden M. Microbubble Agents: New Directions. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:1326-1343. [PMID: 32169397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Microbubble ultrasound contrast agents have now been in use for several decades and their safety and efficacy in a wide range of diagnostic applications have been well established. Recent progress in imaging technology is facilitating exciting developments in techniques such as molecular, 3-D and super resolution imaging and new agents are now being developed to meet their specific requirements. In parallel, there have been significant advances in the therapeutic applications of microbubbles, with recent clinical trials demonstrating drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier and into solid tumours. New agents are similarly being tailored toward these applications, including nanoscale microbubble precursors offering superior circulation times and tissue penetration. The development of novel agents does, however, present several challenges, particularly regarding the regulatory framework. This article reviews the developments in agents for diagnostic, therapeutic and "theranostic" applications; novel manufacturing techniques; and the opportunities and challenges for their commercial and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Tim Segers
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Guillaume Lajoinie
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Samir Cherkaoui
- Bracco Suisse SA - Business Unit Imaging, Global R&D, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Bettinger
- Bracco Suisse SA - Business Unit Imaging, Global R&D, Plan-les-Ouates, Switzerland
| | - Michel Versluis
- Physics of Fluids Group, Technical Medical (TechMed) Centre, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Borden
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
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12
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Abstract
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging is a valuable tool for preclinical and clinical diagnostics. The most frequently used ultrasound contrast agents are microbubbles. Besides them, novel nano-sized materials are under investigation, which are briefly discussed in this chapter. For molecular CEUS, the ultrasound contrast agents are modified to actively target disease-associated molecular markers with a site-specific ligand. The most common markers for tumor imaging are related to neoangiogenesis, like the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) and αvβ3 integrin. In this chapter, applications of molecular ultrasound to longitudinally monitor receptor expression during tumor growth, to detect neovascularization, and to evaluate therapy responses are described. Furthermore, we report on first clinical trials of molecular CEUS with VEGFR2-targeted phospholipid microbubbles showing promising results regarding patient safety and its ability to detect tumors of prostate, breast, and ovary. The chapter closes with an outlook on ultrasound theranostics, where (targeted) ultrasound contrast agents are used to increase the permeability of tumor tissues and to support drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Baier
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging Organization University Clinics, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Rix
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging Organization University Clinics, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging Organization University Clinics, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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Aron M, Vince O, Gray M, Mannaris C, Stride E. Investigating the Role of Lipid Transfer in Microbubble-Mediated Drug Delivery. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2019; 35:13205-13215. [PMID: 31517490 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b02404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Sonoporation, the permeabilization of cell membranes following exposure to microbubbles and ultrasound, has considerable potential for therapeutic delivery. To date, engineering of microbubbles for these applications has focused primarily upon optimizing microbubble size and stability, or attachment of targeting species and/or drug molecules. In this work, it is demonstrated that the microbubble coating can also be tailored to directly influence cell permeabilization. Specifically, lipid exchange mechanisms between phospholipid microbubbles and cells can be exploited to significantly increase sonoporation efficiency in vitro. A theoretical analysis of the energy required for pore formation was carried out. From this, it was hypothesized that sonoporation could be promoted by the transfer of lipid molecules with appropriate carbon chain length and/or shape (cylindrical or conical). Spectral imaging with a hydration-sensitive membrane probe (C-Laurdan) was used to measure changes in the membrane lipid order of A-549 cancer cells following exposure to suspensions of different phospholipids. Two candidate lipids were identified, a short-chain-length phospholipid (1,2-dilauroyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DLPC)) and a medium-chain-length lysolipid (1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (16:0 lyso-PC)). Microbubbles were prepared with matched concentrations, size distributions, and acoustic responses. Confocal microscopy was used to measure cell uptake of a model drug (propidium iodide) with and without ultrasound exposure (1 MHz, 250 kPa peak negative pressure, 1 kHz pulse repetition frequency, 10% duty cycle, 15 s exposure). Despite significantly decreasing the cell membrane lipid order, DLPC did not increase sonoporation. Microbubbles containing 16:0 lyso-PC, however, produced a ∼5-fold increase in sonoporation compared to control microbubbles. Importantly, the lyso-PC molecules were incorporated into the microbubble coating and did not affect cell permeability prior to ultrasound exposure. These findings indicate that microbubbles can be engineered to exploit lipid exchange between microbubble shells and cell membranes to enhance drug delivery, a new optimization route that may lead to enhanced therapeutic efficacy of ultrasound-mediated treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles Aron
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Oliver Vince
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Michael Gray
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Christophoros Mannaris
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering , University of Oxford , Old Road Campus Research Building , Oxford OX3 7DQ , U.K
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Kiaie N, Gorabi AM, Penson PE, Watts G, Johnston TP, Banach M, Sahebkar A. A new approach to the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis: the era of the liposome. Drug Discov Today 2019; 25:58-72. [PMID: 31525463 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The consequences of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) include myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, and angina pectoris, which are major causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite current therapeutic strategies to reduce risk, patients still experience the consequences of ASCVD. Consequently, a current goal is to enhance visualization of early atherosclerotic lesions to improve residual ASCVD risk. The uses of liposomes, in the context of ASCVD, can include as contrast agents for imaging techniques, as well as for the delivery of antiatherosclerotic drugs, genes, and cells to established sites of plaque. Additionally, liposomes have a role as vaccine adjuvants against mediators of atherosclerosis. Here. we review the scientific and clinical evidence relating to the use of liposomes in the diagnosis and management of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Kiaie
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Research Center for Advanced Technologies in Cardiovascular Medicine, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peter E Penson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Gerald Watts
- Lipid Disorders Clinic, Cardiovascular Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MI, USA
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, WAM University Hospital in Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, Zeromskiego 113, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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15
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甘 珍, 武 昊, 吴 昊, 周 美, 严 飞, 刘 红. [Efficacy of internalized RGD-modified echogenic liposomes in diagnosis and treatment in a mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2017; 37:1283-1289. [PMID: 29070455 PMCID: PMC6743967 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4254.2017.10.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prepare internalized RGD (iRGD) modified echogenic liposomes containing methotrexate (MTX) and indocyanine green (ICG) (iRGD MTX ICG ELIP) and evaluate its targeting efficiency and inhibitory effect combined with ultrasound on synovial cells. METHODS iRGD MTX ICG ELIP was prepared by the thin film rehydration and freeze-lyophilization method and its general characteristics and acoustic responsiveness were assessed. The targeting effect of the prepared liposome was observed by assessing its cell uptake in vitro. In a mouse model of rheumatiod arthritis, the targeting effect of the prepared liposome was determined by detecting the fluorescence intensity of the drug in arthrosis. The inhibitory effect of iRGD MTX ICG ELIP combined with ultrasound on synovial MH7A cells in vitro were investigated using CCK8 test. RESULTS The average diameter and zeta potential of iRGD MTX ICG ELIP was 134.4∓17.61 nm and 10.07∓4.28 mV, and the entrapment efficiency of MTX and ICG was (62.56∓0.77)% and (95.13∓0.82)%, respectively. With ultrasound exposure, the release of MTX and ICG from iRGD MTX ICG ELIP increased with the ultrasound intensity and with the exposure time. In HUVECs, the uptake efficiency of iRGD MTX ICG ELIP was 1.89 times higher than that of non targeted MTX ICG ELIP (P<0.05). In vivo imaging of mouse joint with rheumatiod arthritis showed that the fluorescence intensity of iRGD MTX ICG ELIP was significantly stronger than that of the non targeted liposome. CCK8 assay showed that iRGD MTX ICG ELIP combined with ultrasound resulted in a survival rate of MH7A cells of (32.49∓3.04)%, significantly lower than the rate of cells treated with iRGD MTX ICG ELIP but without ultrasound (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS iRGD MTX ICG ELIP has a suitable particle size and can effectively target HUVECs and the joints with rheumatiod arthritis. With a good drug entrapment efficiency and acoustic responsiveness, the drug loaded liposome shows enhanced inhibitory effect on MH7A cells combined with ultrasound in vitro, suggesting its potential in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- 珍 甘
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院超声医学科//广东省骨科研究院, 广东 广州 510630Department of Ultrasonography, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University/Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 昊 武
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院超声医学科//广东省骨科研究院, 广东 广州 510630Department of Ultrasonography, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University/Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 昊晗 吴
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院超声医学科//广东省骨科研究院, 广东 广州 510630Department of Ultrasonography, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University/Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 美君 周
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院超声医学科//广东省骨科研究院, 广东 广州 510630Department of Ultrasonography, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University/Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - 飞 严
- 中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院保罗. C. 劳特伯生物医学成像中心, 广东 深圳 518055Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - 红梅 刘
- 南方医科大学第三附属医院超声医学科//广东省骨科研究院, 广东 广州 510630Department of Ultrasonography, Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University/Academy of Orthopedics of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510630, China
- 南方医科大学附属广东省第二人民医院超声医学科, 广东 广州 510317Department of Ultrasonography, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital Affiliated to Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510317, China
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Heymans SV, Martindale CF, Suler A, Pouliopoulos AN, Dickinson RJ, Choi JJ. Simultaneous Ultrasound Therapy and Monitoring of Microbubble-Seeded Acoustic Cavitation Using a Single-Element Transducer. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2017. [PMID: 28650807 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2017.2718513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound-driven microbubble (MB) activity is used in therapeutic applications such as blood clot dissolution and targeted drug delivery. The safety and performance of these technologies are linked to the type and distribution of MB activities produced within the targeted area, but controlling and monitoring these activities in vivo and in real time has proven to be difficult. As therapeutic pulses are often milliseconds long, MB monitoring currently requires a separate transducer used in a passive reception mode. Here, we present a simple, inexpensive, integrated setup, in which a focused single-element transducer can perform ultrasound therapy and monitoring simultaneously. MBs were made to flow through a vessel-mimicking tube, placed within the transducer's focus, and were sonicated with therapeutic pulses (peak rarefactional pressure: 75-827 kPa, pulse lengths: [Formula: see text] and 20 ms). The MB-seeded acoustic emissions were captured using the same transducer. The received signals were separated from the therapeutic signal with a hybrid coupler and a high-pass filter. We discriminated the MB-generated cavitation signal from the primary acoustic field and characterized MB behavior in real time. The simplicity and versatility of our circuit could make existing single-element therapeutic transducers also act as cavitation detectors, allowing the production of compact therapeutic systems with real time monitoring capabilities.
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17
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Güvener N, Appold L, de Lorenzi F, Golombek SK, Rizzo LY, Lammers T, Kiessling F. Recent advances in ultrasound-based diagnosis and therapy with micro- and nanometer-sized formulations. Methods 2017; 130:4-13. [PMID: 28552267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) is one of the most frequently used imaging methods in the clinic. The broad spectrum of its applications can be increased by the use of gas-filled microbubbles (MB) as ultrasound contrast agents (UCA). In recent years, also nanoscale UCA like nanobubbles (NB), echogenic liposomes (ELIP) and nanodroplets have been developed, which in contrast to MB, are able to extravasate from the vessels into the tissue. New disease-specific UCA have been designed for the assessment of tissue biomarkers and advanced US to a molecular imaging modality. For this purpose, specific binding moieties were coupled to the UCA surface. The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) and P-/E-selectin are prominent examples of molecular US targets to visualize tumor blood vessels and inflammatory diseases, respectively. Besides their application in contrast-enhanced imaging, MB can also be employed for drug delivery to tumors and across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review summarizes the development of micro- and nanoscaled UCA and highlights recent advances in diagnostic and therapeutic applications, which are ready for translation into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihan Güvener
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Lia Appold
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Federica de Lorenzi
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne K Golombek
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Larissa Y Rizzo
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Twan Lammers
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Kiessling
- Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Clinic and Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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18
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Mulvana H, Browning RJ, Luan Y, de Jong N, Tang MX, Eckersley RJ, Stride E. Characterization of Contrast Agent Microbubbles for Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy Research. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2017; 64:232-251. [PMID: 27810805 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2016.2613991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The high efficiency with which gas microbubbles can scatter ultrasound compared with the surrounding blood pool or tissues has led to their widespread employment as contrast agents in ultrasound imaging. In recent years, their applications have been extended to include super-resolution imaging and the stimulation of localized bio-effects for therapy. The growing exploitation of contrast agents in ultrasound and in particular these recent developments have amplified the need to characterize and fully understand microbubble behavior. The aim in doing so is to more fully exploit their utility for both diagnostic imaging and potential future therapeutic applications. This paper presents the key characteristics of microbubbles that determine their efficacy in diagnostic and therapeutic applications and the corresponding techniques for their measurement. In each case, we have presented information regarding the methods available and their respective strengths and limitations, with the aim of presenting information relevant to the selection of appropriate characterization methods. First, we examine methods for determining the physical properties of microbubble suspensions and then techniques for acoustic characterization of both suspensions and single microbubbles. The next section covers characterization of microbubbles as therapeutic agents, including as drug carriers for which detailed understanding of their surface characteristics and drug loading capacity is required. Finally, we discuss the attempts that have been made to allow comparison across the methods employed by various groups to characterize and describe their microbubble suspensions and promote wider discussion and comparison of microbubble behavior.
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19
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Sutton JT, Haworth KJ, Shanmukhappa SK, Moody MR, Klegerman ME, Griffin JK, Patton DM, McPherson DD, Holland CK. Delivery of bevacizumab to atheromatous porcine carotid tissue using echogenic liposomes. Drug Deliv 2016; 23:3594-3605. [PMID: 27689451 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2016.1212441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultrasound is both a valuable diagnostic tool and a promoter of beneficial tissue bioeffects for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Vascular effects can be mediated by mechanical oscillations of circulating microbubbles that may also encapsulate and shield therapeutic agents in the bloodstream. Here, the effect of color-Doppler ultrasound exposure on bevacizumab-loaded liposome delivery into the vascular bed was assessed in atheromatous porcine carotids. Bevacizumab, an anti-angiogenic antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), was loaded into echogenic liposomes (BEV-ELIP) and confirmed to be immunoreactive. BEV-ELIP flowing within the lumen were exposed to color-Doppler ultrasound at three acoustic pressures for 3.5 min during treatment at physiologic temperature and fluid pressure. To confirm the presence of bubble activity, cavitation was detected within the lumen by a single-element passive cavitation detector. After treatment, the artery was fixed at physiologic pressure and subjected to immunohistochemical analysis to assess the penetration of bevacizumab within the carotid wall. The results suggest that other factors may more strongly influence the deposition of bevacizumab into carotid tissue than color-Doppler ultrasound and cavitation. In both sets of arteries, preferential accumulation of bevacizumab occurred in locations associated with atheroma progression and neointimal thickening: fibrous tissue, necrotic plaque and areas near macrophage infiltration. The delivery of bevacizumab to carotid vascular tissue correlated with the properties of the tissue bed, such as permeability, or affinity for growth-factor binding. Future investigations using this novel therapeutic strategy may focus on characterizing the spatial extent of delivery and bevacizumab colocalization with biochemical markers of atheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Sutton
- a Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,f Philips Research North America , Cambridge , MA , USA
| | - K J Haworth
- a Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b College of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - S K Shanmukhappa
- c Department of Pathology , Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,d College of Medicine, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - M R Moody
- e Department of Internal Medicine , University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston , TX , USA , and
| | - M E Klegerman
- e Department of Internal Medicine , University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston , TX , USA , and
| | - J K Griffin
- a Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - D M Patton
- a Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - D D McPherson
- e Department of Internal Medicine , University of Texas Health Science Center , Houston , TX , USA , and
| | - C K Holland
- a Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA.,b College of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Zhang
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics,
UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Jicheng Yu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics,
UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Hunter N. Bomba
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Yong Zhu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zhen Gu
- Joint
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Center
for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery and Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics,
UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Department
of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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21
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Jain M, Zellweger M, Frobert A, Valentin J, van den Bergh H, Wagnières G, Cook S, Giraud MN. Intra-Arterial Drug and Light Delivery for Photodynamic Therapy Using Visudyne®: Implication for Atherosclerotic Plaque Treatment. Front Physiol 2016; 7:400. [PMID: 27672369 PMCID: PMC5018500 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Photodynamic therapy (PDT), which is based on the activation of photosensitizers with light, can be used to reduce plaque burden. We hypothesized that intra-arterial photosensitizer administration and photo-activation will lead to high and rapid accumulation within the plaque with reduced systemic adverse effects. Thus, this "intra-arterial" PDT would be expected to have less side effects and due to the short time involved would be compatible with percutaneous coronary interventions. AIM We characterized the dose-dependent uptake and efficacy of intra-arterial PDT using Liposomal Verteporfin (Visudyne®), efficient for cancer-PDT but not tested before for PDT of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Visudyne® (100, 200, and 500 ng/ml) was perfused for 5-30 min in atherosclerotic aorta isolated from ApoE(-/-) mice. The fluorescence Intensity (FI) after 15 min of Visudyne® perfusion increased with doses of 100 (FI-5.5 ± 1.8), 200 (FI-31.9 ± 1.9) or 500 ng/ml (FI-42.9 ± 1.2). Visudyne® (500 ng/ml) uptake also increased with the administration time from 5 min (FI-9.8 ± 2.5) to 10 min (FI-23.3 ± 3.0) and 15 min (FI-42.9 ± 3.4) before reaching saturation at 30 min (FI-39.3 ± 2.4) contact. Intra-arterial PDT (Fluence: 100 and 200 J/cm(2), irradiance-334 mW/cm(2)) was applied immediately after Visudyne® perfusion (500 ng/ml for 15 min) using a cylindrical light diffuser coupled to a diode laser (690 nm). PDT led to an increase of ROS (Dihydroethidium; FI-6.9 ± 1.8, 25.3 ± 5.5, 43.4 ± 13.9) and apoptotic cells (TUNEL; 2.5 ± 1.6, 41.3 ± 15.3, 58.9 ± 6%), mainly plaque macrophages (immunostaining; 0.3 ± 0.2, 37.6 ± 6.4, 45.3 ± 5.4%) respectively without laser irradiation, or at 100 and 200 J/cm(2). Limited apoptosis was observed in the medial wall (0.5 ± 0.2, 8.5 ± 4.7, 15.3 ± 12.7%). Finally, Visudyne®-PDT was found to be associated with reduced vessel functionality (Myogram). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that sufficient accumulation of Visudyne® within plaque could be achieved in short-time and therefore validated the feasibility of local intravascular administration of photosensitizer. Intra-arterial Visudyne®-PDT preferentially affected plaque macrophages and may therefore alter the dynamic progression of plaque development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Jain
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital of Fribourg Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Zellweger
- Medical Photonics Group, LCOM-ISIC, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Frobert
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital of Fribourg Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jérémy Valentin
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital of Fribourg Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Hubert van den Bergh
- Medical Photonics Group, LCOM-ISIC, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georges Wagnières
- Medical Photonics Group, LCOM-ISIC, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL) Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Cook
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital of Fribourg Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Noelle Giraud
- Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University and Hospital of Fribourg Fribourg, Switzerland
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22
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“State-of-Art” paper of the Italian Working Group on Atherosclerosis: Preclinical assessment of early coronary atherosclerosis. Int J Cardiol 2016; 214:442-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.03.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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23
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Wang H, Gauthier M, Kelly JR, Miller RJ, Xu M, O'Brien WD, Cheng J. Targeted Ultrasound-Assisted Cancer-Selective Chemical Labeling and Subsequent Cancer Imaging using Click Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:5452-6. [PMID: 27010510 PMCID: PMC4918225 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201509601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic sugar labeling followed by the use of reagent-free click chemistry is an established technique for in vitro cell targeting. However, selective metabolic labeling of the target tissues in vivo remains a challenge to overcome, which has prohibited the use of this technique for targeted in vivo applications. Herein, we report the use of targeted ultrasound pulses to induce the release of tetraacetyl N-azidoacetylmannosamine (Ac4 ManAz) from microbubbles (MBs) and its metabolic expression in the cancer area. Ac4 ManAz-loaded MBs showed great stability under physiological conditions, but rapidly collapsed in the presence of tumor-localized ultrasound pulses. The released Ac4 ManAz from MBs was able to label 4T1 tumor cells with azido groups and significantly improved the tumor accumulation of dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO)-Cy5 by subsequent click chemistry. We demonstrated for the first time that Ac4 ManAz-loaded MBs coupled with the use of targeted ultrasound could be a simple but powerful tool for in vivo cancer-selective labeling and targeted cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - Marianne Gauthier
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jamie R Kelly
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Rita J Miller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA
| | - William D O'Brien
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, USA.
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Wang H, Gauthier M, Kelly JR, Miller RJ, Xu M, O'Brien WD, Cheng J. Targeted Ultrasound‐Assisted Cancer‐Selective Chemical Labeling and Subsequent Cancer Imaging using Click Chemistry. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201509601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA
| | - Marianne Gauthier
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jamie R. Kelly
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Rita J. Miller
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA
| | - William D. O'Brien
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 USA
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign USA
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Haworth KJ, Raymond JL, Radhakrishnan K, Moody MR, Huang SL, Peng T, Shekhar H, Klegerman ME, Kim H, McPherson DD, Holland CK. Trans-Stent B-Mode Ultrasound and Passive Cavitation Imaging. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2016; 42:518-27. [PMID: 26547633 PMCID: PMC4698006 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Angioplasty and stenting of a stenosed artery enable acute restoration of blood flow. However, restenosis or a lack of re-endothelization can subsequently occur depending on the stent type. Cavitation-mediated drug delivery is a potential therapy for these conditions, but requires that particular types of cavitation be induced by ultrasound insonation. Because of the heterogeneity of tissue and stochastic nature of cavitation, feedback mechanisms are needed to determine whether the sustained bubble activity is induced. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of passive cavitation imaging through a metal stent in a flow phantom and an animal model. In this study, an endovascular stent was deployed in a flow phantom and in porcine femoral arteries. Fluorophore-labeled echogenic liposomes, a theragnostic ultrasound contrast agent, were injected proximal to the stent. Cavitation images were obtained by passively recording and beamforming the acoustic emissions from echogenic liposomes insonified with a low-frequency (500 kHz) transducer. In vitro experiments revealed that the signal-to-noise ratio for detecting stable cavitation activity through the stent was greater than 8 dB. The stent did not significantly reduce the signal-to-noise ratio. Trans-stent cavitation activity was also detected in vivo via passive cavitation imaging when echogenic liposomes were insonified by the 500-kHz transducer. When stable cavitation was detected, delivery of the fluorophore into the arterial wall was observed. Increased echogenicity within the stent was also observed when echogenic liposomes were administered. Thus, both B-mode ultrasound imaging and cavitation imaging are feasible in the presence of an endovascular stent in vivo. Demonstration of this capability supports future studies to monitor restenosis with contrast-enhanced ultrasound and pursue image-guided ultrasound-mediated drug delivery to inhibit restenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Haworth
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Jason L Raymond
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kirthi Radhakrishnan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Melanie R Moody
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shao-Ling Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Tao Peng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Himanshu Shekhar
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Melvin E Klegerman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hyunggun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David D McPherson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christy K Holland
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Abstract
Thrombo-occlusive disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In this chapter, the use of ultrasound to accelerate clot breakdown alone or in combination with thrombolytic drugs will be reported. Primary thrombus formation during cardiovascular disease and standard treatment methods will be discussed. Mechanisms for ultrasound enhancement of thrombolysis, including thermal heating, radiation force, and cavitation, will be reviewed. Finally, in-vitro, in-vivo and clinical evidence of enhanced thrombolytic efficacy with ultrasound will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B Bader
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Guillaume Bouchoux
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christy K Holland
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Owen J, Stride E. Technique for the Characterization of Phospholipid Microbubbles Coatings by Transmission Electron Microscopy. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:3253-8. [PMID: 26361999 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Gas microbubbles stabilized by a surfactant or polymer coating are of considerable clinical interest because of their imaging and drug delivery potential under ultrasound exposure. The utility of microbubbles for a given application is intrinsically linked to their structure and stability. These in turn are highly sensitive to coating composition and fabrication techniques. Various methods including fluorescence and atomic force microscopy have been applied to characterize microbubble properties, but direct observation of coating structure at the nanoscale still poses a considerable challenge. Here we describe a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique to observe the surface of microbubbles. Images from a series of phospholipid-coated microbubble systems, including those decorated with nanoparticles, are presented. They indicate that the technique enables visualization of the coating structure, in particular lipid discontinuities and nanoparticle distribution. This information can be used to better understand how microbubble surface structure relates to formulation and/or processing technique and ultimately to functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Owen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eleanor Stride
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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Klegerman ME, Naji AK, Haworth KJ, Zou Y, Golunski E, Peng T, Britton GL, Huang SL, Holland CK, McPherson DD. Ultrasound-enhanced bevacizumab release from echogenic liposomes for inhibition of atheroma progression. J Liposome Res 2015; 26:47-56. [PMID: 25865025 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2015.1029494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Bevacizumab (BEV) is a monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) that ameliorates atheroma progression by inhibiting neovascularization. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether BEV release from echogenic liposomes (BEV-ELIP) could be enhanced by color Doppler ultrasound (US) and whether the released BEV inhibits VEGF expression by endothelial cells in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS BEV-ELIP samples were subjected to 6 MHz color Doppler ultrasound (MI = 0.4) for 5 min. We assessed release of BEV with a direct ELISA and with fluoresceinated BEV (FITC-BEV) loaded into ELIP by the same method. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures were stimulated to express VEGF by 10 nM phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Cell-associated VEGF levels were determined using a cell-based ELISA. RESULTS Overall, US caused an additional 100 µg of BEV to be released or exposed per BEV-ELIP aliquot within 60 min BEV-ELIP treated with US inhibited VEGF expression by 90% relative to non-treated controls and by 70% relative to BEV-ELIP without US. Also, US-treated BEV-ELIP inhibited HUVEC proliferation by 64% relative to untreated controls and by 45% relative to BEV-ELIP without US. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION We have demonstrated that BEV-ELIP retains its VEGF-binding activity in a liposomal formulation and that clinical Doppler US can significantly increase that activity, both by releasing free BEV and by enhancing the surface exposure of the immunoreactive antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin E Klegerman
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Ali K Naji
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Kevin J Haworth
- b Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA , and.,c Biomedical Engineering Program , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - Yuejiao Zou
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Eva Golunski
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Tao Peng
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - George L Britton
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Shao-Ling Huang
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Christy K Holland
- b Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA , and.,c Biomedical Engineering Program , University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati , OH , USA
| | - David D McPherson
- a Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine , University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston , Houston , TX , USA
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Radhakrishnan K, Haworth KJ, Peng T, McPherson DD, Holland CK. Loss of echogenicity and onset of cavitation from echogenic liposomes: pulse repetition frequency independence. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2015; 41:208-21. [PMID: 25438849 PMCID: PMC4258473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Echogenic liposomes (ELIP) are being developed for the early detection and treatment of atherosclerotic lesions. An 80% loss of echogenicity of ELIP has been found to be concomitant with the onset of stable and inertial cavitation. The ultrasound pressure amplitude at which this occurs is weakly dependent on pulse duration. It has been reported that the rapid fragmentation threshold of ELIP (based on changes in echogenicity) is dependent on the insonation pulse repetition frequency (PRF). The study described here evaluates the relationship between loss of echogenicity and cavitation emissions from ELIP insonified by duplex Doppler pulses at four PRFs (1.25, 2.5, 5 and 8.33 kHz). Loss of echogenicity was evaluated on B-mode images of ELIP. Cavitation emissions from ELIP were recorded passively on a focused single-element transducer and a linear array. Emissions recorded by the linear array were beamformed, and the spatial widths of stable and inertial cavitation emissions were compared with the calibrated azimuthal beamwidth of the Doppler pulse exceeding the stable and inertial cavitation thresholds. The inertial cavitation thresholds had a very weak dependence on PRF, and stable cavitation thresholds were independent of PRF. The spatial widths of the cavitation emissions recorded by the passive cavitation imaging system agreed with the calibrated Doppler beamwidths. The results also indicate that 64%-79% loss of echogenicity can be used to classify the presence or absence of cavitation emissions with greater than 80% accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirthi Radhakrishnan
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Kevin J Haworth
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David D McPherson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christy K Holland
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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El-Sherbiny IM, Elkholi IE, Yacoub MH. Tissue plasminogen activator-based clot busting: Controlled delivery approaches. Glob Cardiol Sci Pract 2014; 2014:336-49. [PMID: 25780787 PMCID: PMC4352685 DOI: 10.5339/gcsp.2014.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Thrombosis, the formation of blood clot (thrombus) in the circulatory system obstructing the blood flow, is one of the main causes behind various ischemic arterial syndromes such as ischemic stroke and myocardial infarction, as well as vein syndromes such as deep vein thrombosis, and consequently, pulmonary emboli. Several thrombolytic agents have been developed for treating thrombosis, the most common being tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), administrated systemically or locally via IV infusion directly proximal to the thrombus, with the aim of restoring and improving the blood flow. TPA triggers the dissolution of thrombi by inducing the conversion of plasminogen to protease plasmin followed by fibrin digestion that eventually leads to clot lysis. Although tPA provides powerful thrombolytic activity, it has many shortcomings, including poor pharmacokinetic profiles, impairment of the reestablishment of normal coronary flow, and impairment of hemostasis, leading to life-threatening bleeding consequences. The bleeding consequence is ascribed to the ability of tPA to circulate throughout the body and therefore can lysis all blood clots in the circulation system, even the good ones that prevent the bleeding and promote injury repair. This review provides an overview of the different delivery approaches for tPA including: liposomes, ultrasound-triggered thrombolysis, anti-fibrin antibody-targeted tPA, camouflaged-tPA, tpA-loaded microcarriers, and nano-modulated delivery approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Zewail City of Science and Technology, Center for Materials Science, University of Science and Technology, 6th October City, 12588 Giza, Egypt
| | - Islam E Elkholi
- Medical Experimental Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Magdi H Yacoub
- Harefield Heart Science Centre, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
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Hoerig CL, Serrone JC, Burgess MT, Zuccarello M, Mast TD. Prediction and suppression of HIFU-induced vessel rupture using passive cavitation detection in an ex vivo model. J Ther Ultrasound 2014; 2:14. [PMID: 25232483 PMCID: PMC4159109 DOI: 10.1186/2050-5736-2-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Occlusion of blood vessels using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a potential treatment for arteriovenous malformations and other neurovascular disorders. However, attempting HIFU-induced vessel occlusion can also cause vessel rupture, resulting in hemorrhage. Possible rupture mechanisms include mechanical effects of acoustic cavitation and heating of the vessel wall. Methods HIFU exposures were performed on 18 ex vivo porcine femoral arteries with simultaneous passive cavitation detection. Vessels were insonified by a 3.3-MHz focused source with spatial-peak, temporal-peak focal intensity of 15,690–24,430 W/cm2 (peak negative-pressure range 10.92–12.52 MPa) and a 50% duty cycle for durations up to 5 min. Time-dependent acoustic emissions were recorded by an unfocused passive cavitation detector and quantified within low-frequency (10–30 kHz), broadband (0.3–1.1 MHz), and subharmonic (1.65 MHz) bands. Vessel rupture was detected by inline metering of saline flow, recorded throughout each treatment. Recorded emissions were grouped into ‘pre-rupture’ (0–10 s prior to measured point of vessel rupture) and ‘intact-vessel’ (>10 s prior to measured point of vessel rupture) emissions. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the ability of emissions within each frequency band to predict vessel rupture. Based on these measurements associating acoustic emissions with vessel rupture, a real-time feedback control module was implemented to monitor acoustic emissions during HIFU treatment and adjust the ultrasound intensity, with the goal of maximizing acoustic power delivered to the vessel while avoiding rupture. This feedback control approach was tested on 10 paired HIFU exposures of porcine femoral and subclavian arteries, in which the focal intensity was stepwise increased from 9,117 W/cm2 spatial-peak temporal-peak (SPTP) to a maximum of 21,980 W/cm2, with power modulated based on the measured subharmonic emission amplitude. Time to rupture was compared between these feedback-controlled trials and paired controller-inactive trials using a paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results Subharmonic emissions were found to be the most predictive of vessel rupture (areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) = 0.757, p < 10-16) compared to low-frequency (AUROC = 0.657, p < 10-11) and broadband (AUROC = 0.729, p < 10-16) emissions. An independent-sample t test comparing pre-rupture to intact-vessel emissions revealed a statistically significant difference between the two groups for broadband and subharmonic emissions (p < 10-3), but not for low-frequency emissions (p = 0.058). In a one-sided paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test, activation of the control module was shown to increase the time to vessel rupture (T- = 8, p = 0.0244, N = 10). In one-sided paired t tests, activation of the control module was shown to cause no significant difference in time-averaged focal intensity (t = 0.362, p = 0.363, N = 10), but was shown to cause delivery of significantly greater total acoustic energy (t = 2.037, p = 0.0361, N = 10). Conclusions These results suggest that acoustic cavitation plays an important role in HIFU-induced vessel rupture. In HIFU treatments for vessel occlusion, passive monitoring of acoustic emissions may be useful in avoiding hemorrhage due to vessel rupture, as shown in the rupture suppression experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mark T Burgess
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0586, USA
| | | | - T Douglas Mast
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0586, USA
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Hood RR, Vreeland WN, DeVoe DL. Microfluidic remote loading for rapid single-step liposomal drug preparation. LAB ON A CHIP 2014; 14:3359-67. [PMID: 25003823 PMCID: PMC4131864 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00390j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic-directed formation of liposomes is combined with in-line sample purification and remote drug loading for single step, continuous-flow synthesis of nanoscale vesicles containing high concentrations of stably loaded drug compounds. Using an on-chip microdialysis element, the system enables rapid formation of large transmembrane pH and ion gradients, followed by immediate introduction of amphipathic drug for real-time remote loading into the liposomes. The microfluidic process enables in-line formation of drug-laden liposomes with drug : lipid molar ratios of up to 1.3, and a total on-chip residence time of approximately 3 min, representing a significant improvement over conventional bulk-scale methods which require hours to days for combined liposome synthesis and remote drug loading. The microfluidic platform may be further optimized to support real-time generation of purified liposomal drug formulations with high concentrations of drugs and minimal reagent waste for effective liposomal drug preparation at or near the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Hood
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Kee PH, Kim H, Huang S, Laing ST, Moody MR, Vela D, Klegerman ME, McPherson DD. Nitric oxide pretreatment enhances atheroma component highlighting in vivo with intercellular adhesion molecule-1-targeted echogenic liposomes. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:1167-76. [PMID: 24613216 PMCID: PMC4011946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an ultrasound technique for the detection of inflammatory changes in developing atheromas. We used contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging with (i) microbubbles targeted to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), a molecule of adhesion involved in inflammatory processes in lesions of atheromas in New Zealand White rabbits, and (ii) pretreatment with nitric oxide-loaded microbubbles and ultrasound activation at the site of the endothelium to enhance the permeability of the arterial wall and the penetration of ICAM-1-targeted microbubbles. This procedure increases acoustic enhancement 1.2-fold. Pretreatment with nitric oxide-loaded echogenic liposomes and ultrasound activation can potentially facilitate the subsequent penetration of targeted echogenic liposomes into the arterial wall, thus allowing improved detection of inflammatory changes in developing atheromas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick H Kee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Hyunggun Kim
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shaoling Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Susan T Laing
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melanie R Moody
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Deborah Vela
- Cardiovascular Pathology, The Texas Heart Institute, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Melvin E Klegerman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David D McPherson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Zhang C, Huang P, Zhang Y, Chen J, Shentu W, Sun Y, Yang Z, Chen S. Anti-tumor efficacy of ultrasonic cavitation is potentiated by concurrent delivery of anti-angiogenic drug in colon cancer. Cancer Lett 2014; 347:105-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Prasad RM, Jin X, Aboualaiwi WA, Nauli SM. Real-time vascular mechanosensation through ex vivo artery perfusion. Biol Proced Online 2014; 16:6. [PMID: 24685068 PMCID: PMC4392510 DOI: 10.1186/1480-9222-16-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-based perfusion studies have provided great insight into fluid-sensing mechanisms, such as primary cilia in the renal and vascular systems. However, the intrinsic limitations of in vitro cell culture, such as the inability to reflect cellular organization within tissues, has distanced observed paradigms from possible clinical developments. Here we describe a protocol that applies ex vivo artery perfusion and calcium imaging to observe real-time cellular responses to fluid-shear stress. Results Through our ex vivo artery perfusion method, we were able to simulate physiological flow and initiate distinct fluid shear stress mechanosensory responses, as well as induced acetylcholine responses in mouse aortic tissue. The observed calcium profiles confirm results found through previous in vitro cell culture experiments. The overall procedure, including dissection, sample preparation and perfusion, takes around 3 hours to complete. Conclusion Through our unique method, we are able to induce laminar flow within intact mouse aortic tissue and illicit subsequent cellular responses. This method of ex vivo artery perfusion provides the opportunity to bridge the novel findings of in vitro studies with subsequent physiological models of fluid-shear stress mechanosensation in vascular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Surya M Nauli
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA.
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Klegerman ME, Zou Y, Golunski E, Peng T, Huang SL, McPherson DD. Use of thermodynamic coupling between antibody-antigen binding and phospholipid acyl chain phase transition energetics to predict immunoliposome targeting affinity. J Liposome Res 2014; 24:216-22. [PMID: 24597467 DOI: 10.3109/08982104.2014.891230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Thermodynamic analysis of ligand-target binding has been a useful tool for dissecting the nature of the binding mechanism and, therefore, potentially can provide valuable information regarding the utility of targeted formulations. Based on a consistent coupling of antibody-antigen binding and gel-liquid crystal transition energetics observed for antibody-phosphatidylethanolamine (Ab-PE) conjugates, we hypothesized that the thermodynamic parameters and the affinity for antigen of the Ab-PE conjugates could be effectively predicted once the corresponding information for the unconjugated antibody is determined. This hypothesis has now been tested in nine different antibody-targeted echogenic liposome (ELIP) preparations, where antibody is conjugated to dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DPPE) head groups through a thioether linkage. Predictions were satisfactory (affinity not significantly different from the population of values found) in five cases (55.6%), but the affinity of the unconjugated antibody was not significantly different from the population of values found in six cases (66.7%), indicating that the affinities of the conjugated antibody tended not to deviate appreciably from those of the free antibody. While knowledge of the affinities of free antibodies may be sufficient to judge their suitability as targeting agents, thermodynamic analysis may still provide valuable information regarding their usefulness for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin E Klegerman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center - Houston , Houston, TX , USA
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Absar S, Kwon YM, Ahsan F. Bio-responsive delivery of tissue plasminogen activator for localized thrombolysis. J Control Release 2014; 177:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Raymond JL, Haworth KJ, Bader KB, Radhakrishnan K, Griffin JK, Huang SL, McPherson DD, Holland CK. Broadband attenuation measurements of phospholipid-shelled ultrasound contrast agents. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2014; 40:410-21. [PMID: 24262056 PMCID: PMC4026002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the frequency-dependent acoustic attenuation of three phospholipid-shelled ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs): Definity, MicroMarker and echogenic liposomes. A broadband through-transmission technique allowed for measurement over 2 to 25 MHz with a single pair of transducers. Viscoelastic shell parameters of the UCAs were estimated using a linearized model developed by N. de Jong, L. Hoff, T. Skotland and N. Bom (Ultrasonics 1992; 30:95-103). The effect of diluent on the attenuation of these UCA suspensions was evaluated by performing attenuation measurements in 0.5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin and whole blood. Changes in attenuation and shell parameters of the UCAs were investigated at room temperature (25°C) and physiologic temperature (37°C). The attenuation of the UCAs diluted in 0.5% (w/v) bovine serum albumin was found to be identical to the attenuation of UCAs in whole blood. For each UCA, attenuation was higher at 37°C than at 25°C, underscoring the importance of conducting characterization studies at physiologic temperature. Echogenic liposomes exhibited a larger increase in attenuation at 37°C versus 25°C than either Definity or MicroMarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Raymond
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
| | - Kevin J Haworth
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth B Bader
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Joseph K Griffin
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Shao-Ling Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - David D McPherson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christy K Holland
- Biomedical Engineering Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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de Saint Victor M, Crake C, Coussios CC, Stride E. Properties, characteristics and applications of microbubbles for sonothrombolysis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2014; 11:187-209. [DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2014.868434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Oh JS, Kwon YS, Lee KH, Jeong W, Chung SK, Rhee K. Drug perfusion enhancement in tissue model by steady streaming induced by oscillating microbubbles. Comput Biol Med 2014; 44:37-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2013.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Nitric oxide improves molecular imaging of inflammatory atheroma using targeted echogenic immunoliposomes. Atherosclerosis 2013; 231:252-60. [PMID: 24267236 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to demonstrate whether pretreatment with nitric oxide (NO) loaded into echogenic immunoliposomes (ELIP) plus ultrasound, applied before injection of molecularly targeted ELIP can promote penetration of the targeted contrast agent and improve visualization of atheroma components. METHODS ELIP were prepared using the pressurization-freeze method. Atherosclerosis was induced in Yucatan miniswine by balloon denudation and a hyperlipidemic diet. The animals were randomized to receive anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) ELIP or immunoglobulin (IgG)-ELIP, and were subdivided to receive pretreatment with standard ELIP plus ultrasound, NO-loaded ELIP, or NO-loaded ELIP plus ultrasound. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) data were collected before and after treatment. RESULTS Pretreatment with standard ELIP plus ultrasound or NO-loaded ELIP without ultrasound resulted in 9.2 ± 0.7% and 9.2 ± 0.8% increase in mean gray scale values, respectively, compared to baseline (p < 0.001 vs. control). Pretreatment with NO-loaded ELIP plus ultrasound activation resulted in a further increase in highlighting with a change in mean gray scale value to 14.7 ± 1.0% compared to baseline (p < 0.001 vs. control). These differences were best appreciated when acoustic backscatter data values (RF signal) were used [22.7 ± 2.0% and 22.4 ± 2.2% increase in RF signals for pretreatment with standard ELIP plus ultrasound and NO-loaded ELIP without ultrasound respectively (p < 0.001 vs. control), and 40.0 ± 2.9% increase in RF signal for pretreatment with NO-loaded ELIP plus ultrasound (p < 0.001 vs. control)]. CONCLUSION NO-loaded ELIP plus ultrasound activation can facilitate anti-ICAM-1 conjugated ELIP delivery to inflammatory components in the arterial wall. This NO pretreatment strategy has potential to improve targeted molecular imaging of atheroma for eventual true tailored and personalized management of cardiovascular diseases.
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Thakkar D, Gupta R, Monson K, Rapoport N. Effect of ultrasound on the permeability of vascular wall to nano-emulsion droplets. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:1804-11. [PMID: 23849384 PMCID: PMC3777764 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 03/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ultrasound on the permeability of blood vessels to nano-emulsion droplets was investigated using excised mouse carotid arteries as model blood vessels. Perfluorocarbon nano-droplets were formed by perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether and stabilized by poly(ethylene oxide)-co-poly(DL-lactide) block co-polymer shells. Nano-droplet fluorescence was imparted by interaction with fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (molecular weight = 70,000 Da). The permeability of carotid arteries to nano-droplets was studied in the presence and absence of continuous wave or pulsed therapeutic 1-MHz ultrasound. The data indicated that the application of ultrasound resulted in permeabilization of the vascular wall to nano-droplets. The effect of continuous wave ultrasound was substantially stronger than that of pulsed ultrasound of the same total energy. No effect of blood vessel pre-treatment with ultrasound was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhaval Thakkar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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Radhakrishnan K, Bader KB, Haworth KJ, Kopechek JA, Raymond JL, Huang SL, McPherson DD, Holland CK. Relationship between cavitation and loss of echogenicity from ultrasound contrast agents. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:6541-63. [PMID: 24002637 PMCID: PMC4170692 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/18/6541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) have the potential to nucleate cavitation and promote both beneficial and deleterious bioeffects in vivo. Previous studies have elucidated the pulse-duration-dependent pressure amplitude threshold for rapid loss of echogenicity due to UCA fragmentation. Previous studies have demonstrated that UCA fragmentation was concomitant with inertial cavitation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between stable and inertial cavitation thresholds and loss of echogenicity of UCAs as a function of pulse duration. Determining the relationship between cavitation thresholds and loss of echogenicity of UCAs would enable monitoring of cavitation based upon the onscreen echogenicity in clinical applications. Two lipid-shelled UCAs, echogenic liposomes (ELIP) and Definity®, were insonified by a clinical ultrasound scanner in duplex spectral Doppler mode at four pulse durations ('sample volumes') in both a static system and a flow system. Cavitation emissions from the UCAs insonified by Doppler pulses were recorded using a passive cavitation detection system and stable and inertial cavitation thresholds ascertained. Loss of echogenicity from ELIP and Definity® was assessed within regions of interest on B-mode images. A numerical model based on UCA rupture predicted the functional form of the loss of echogenicity from ELIP and Definity®. Stable and inertial cavitation thresholds were found to have a weak dependence on pulse duration. Stable cavitation thresholds were lower than inertial cavitation thresholds. The power of cavitation emissions was an exponential function of the loss of echogenicity over the investigated range of acoustic pressures. Both ELIP and Definity® lost more than 80% echogenicity before the onset of stable or inertial cavitation. Once this level of echogenicity loss occurred, both stable and inertial cavitation were detected in the physiologic flow phantom. These results imply that stable and inertial cavitation are necessary in order to trigger complete loss of echogenicity acoustically from UCAs and this finding can be used when planning diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Kopechek JA, Haworth KJ, Radhakrishnan K, Huang SL, Klegerman ME, McPherson DD, Holland CK. The impact of bubbles on measurement of drug release from echogenic liposomes. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2013; 20:1121-30. [PMID: 23357288 PMCID: PMC3632413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2012.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Echogenic liposomes (ELIP) encapsulate gas bubbles and drugs within lipid vesicles, but the mechanisms of ultrasound-mediated drug release from ELIP are not well understood. The effect of cavitation activity on drug release from ELIP was investigated in flowing solutions using two fluorescent molecules: a lipophilic drug (rosiglitazone) and a hydrophilic drug substitute (calcein). ELIP samples were exposed to pulsed Doppler ultrasound from a clinical diagnostic ultrasound scanner at pressures above and below the inertial and stable cavitation thresholds. Control samples were exposed to a surfactant, Triton X-100 (positive control), or to flow alone (negative control). Fluorescence techniques were used to detect release. Encapsulated microbubbles reduced the measured fluorescence intensity and this effect should be considered when assessing drug release from ELIP. The origin of this effect is not specific to ELIP. Release of rosiglitazone or calcein compared to the negative control was only observed with detergent treatment, but not with ultrasound exposure, despite the presence of stable and inertial cavitation activity. Release of rosiglitazone or calcein from ELIP exposed to diagnostic ultrasound was not observed, even in the presence of cavitation activity. Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery strategies with ELIP will thus rely on passage of the drug-loaded liposomes to target tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan A Kopechek
- Program of Biomedical Engineering, Univ. of Cincinnati, 2901 Woodside Dr, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
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Rapoport N, Payne A, Dillon C, Shea J, Scaife C, Gupta R. Focused ultrasound-mediated drug delivery to pancreatic cancer in a mouse model. J Ther Ultrasound 2013; 1:11. [PMID: 25516800 PMCID: PMC4265944 DOI: 10.1186/2050-5736-1-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Many aspects of the mechanisms involved in ultrasound-mediated therapy remain obscure. In particular, the relative roles of drug and ultrasound, the effect of the time of ultrasound application, and the effect of tissue heating are not yet clear. The current study was undertaken with the goal to clarify these aspects of the ultrasound-mediated drug delivery mechanism. Methods Focused ultrasound-mediated drug delivery was performed under magnetic resonance imaging guidance (MRgFUS) in a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) model grown subcutaneously in nu/nu mice. Paclitaxel (PTX) was used as a chemotherapeutic agent because it manifests high potency in the treatment of gemcitabine-resistant PDA. Poly(ethylene oxide)-co-poly(d,l-lactide) block copolymer stabilized perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether nanoemulsions were used as drug carriers. MRgFUS was applied at sub-ablative pressure levels in both continuous wave and pulsed modes, and only a fraction of the tumor was treated. Results Positive treatment effects and even complete tumor resolution were achieved by treating the tumor with MRgFUS after injection of nanodroplet encapsulated drug. The MRgFUS treatment enhanced the action of the drug presumably through enhanced tumor perfusion and blood vessel and cell membrane permeability that increased the drug supply to tumor cells. The effect of the pulsed MRgFUS treatment with PTX-loaded nanodroplets was clearly smaller than that of continuous wave MRgFUS treatment, supposedly due to significantly lower temperature increase as measured with MR thermometry and decreased extravasation. The time of the MRgFUS application after drug injection also proved to be an important factor with the best results observed when ultrasound was applied at least 6 h after the injection of drug-loaded nanodroplets. Some collateral damage was observed with particular ultrasound protocols supposedly associated with enhanced inflammation. Conclusion This presented data suggest that there exists an optimal range of ultrasound application parameters and drug injection time. Decreased tumor growth, or complete resolution, was achieved with continuous wave ultrasound pressures below or equal to 3.1 MPa and drug injection times of at least 6 h prior to treatment. Increased acoustic pressure or ultrasound application before or shortly after drug injection gave increased tumor growth when compared to other protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Rapoport
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Room 3100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Allison Payne
- Department of Radiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Christopher Dillon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Room 3100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Jill Shea
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Courtney Scaife
- Department of Surgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Roohi Gupta
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Utah, 36 S. Wasatch Dr., Room 3100, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA ; Current address: Department of Radiation Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, P0103, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
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Sutton JT, Ivancevich NM, Perrin SR, Vela DC, Holland CK. Clot retraction affects the extent of ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis in an ex vivo porcine thrombosis model. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2013; 39:813-24. [PMID: 23453629 PMCID: PMC3618502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated ultrasound-enhanced thrombolysis in two whole-blood clot models using a Food and Drug Administration-approved contrast agent (Definity, Lantheus Medical Imaging; Billerica, MA USA) and thrombolytic drug (recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator [rt-PA]) (Genentech; South San Francisco, CA USA). Porcine venous blood was collected from donor hogs and coagulated in vials made of two different materials. This method produced clots with differing compositional properties, as determined by routine scanning electron microscopy and histology. Clots were deployed in an ex vivo porcine thrombosis model, and exposed to an intermittent ultrasound scheme previously developed to maximize stable cavitation while acoustic emissions were detected. Exposure to 3.15 μg/mL rt-PA promoted lysis in both clot models, compared with exposure to plasma alone. However, only unretracted clots experienced significant enhancement of thrombolysis in the presence of rt-PA, Definity, and ultrasound, compared with treatment with rt-PA. In these clots, microscopy revealed loose erythrocyte aggregates, a significantly less extensive fibrin network and a higher porosity, which may facilitate increased penetration of thrombolytics by cavitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Sutton
- University of Cincinnati, Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
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Tokarczyk A, Rivens I, van Bavel E, Symonds-Tayler R, ter Haar G. An experimental system for the study of ultrasound exposure of isolated blood vessels. Phys Med Biol 2013; 58:2281-304. [PMID: 23478592 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/58/7/2281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An experimental system designed for the study of the effects of diagnostic or therapeutic ultrasound exposure on isolated blood vessels in the presence or absence of intraluminal contrast agent is described. The system comprised several components. A microscope was used to monitor vessel size (and thus vessel functionality), and potential leakage of intraluminal 70 kDa FITC-dextran fluorescence marker. A vessel chamber allowed the mounting of an isolated vessel whilst maintaining its viability, with pressure regulation for the control of intraluminal pressure and induction of flow for the infusion of contrast microbubbles. A fibre-optic hydrophone sensor mounted on the vessel chamber using a micromanipulator allowed pre-exposure targeting of the vessel to within 150 µm, and monitoring of acoustic cavitation emissions during exposures. Acoustic cavitation was also detected using changes in the ultrasound drive voltage and by detection of audible emissions using a submerged microphone. The suitability of this system for studying effects in the isolated vessel model has been demonstrated using a pilot study of 6 sham exposed and 18 high intensity focused ultrasound exposed vessels, with or without intraluminal contrast agent (SonoVue) within the vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Tokarczyk
- Therapeutic Ultrasound, Joint Department of Physics, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust: Institute of Cancer Research, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5PT, UK
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Sutton JT, Haworth KJ, Pyne-Geithman G, Holland CK. Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery for cardiovascular disease. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2013; 10:573-92. [PMID: 23448121 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2013.772578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ultrasound (US) has been developed as both a valuable diagnostic tool and a potent promoter of beneficial tissue bioeffects for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. These effects can be mediated by mechanical oscillations of circulating microbubbles, or US contrast agents, which may also encapsulate and shield a therapeutic agent in the bloodstream. Oscillating microbubbles can create stresses directly on nearby tissue or induce fluid effects that effect drug penetration into vascular tissue, lyse thrombi or direct drugs to optimal locations for delivery. AREAS COVERED The present review summarizes investigations that have provided evidence for US-mediated drug delivery as a potent method to deliver therapeutics to diseased tissue for cardiovascular treatment. In particular, the focus will be on investigations of specific aspects relating to US-mediated drug delivery, such as delivery vehicles, drug transport routes, biochemical mechanisms and molecular targeting strategies. EXPERT OPINION These investigations have spurred continued research into alternative therapeutic applications, such as bioactive gas delivery and new US technologies. Successful implementation of US-mediated drug delivery has the potential to change the way many drugs are administered systemically, resulting in more effective and economical therapeutics, and less-invasive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan T Sutton
- University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, and Biomedical Engineering Program, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Nahire R, Haldar MK, Paul S, Mergoum A, Ambre AH, Katti KS, Gange KN, Srivastava DK, Sarkar K, Mallik S. Polymer-coated echogenic lipid nanoparticles with dual release triggers. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:841-53. [PMID: 23394107 DOI: 10.1021/bm301894z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although lipid nanoparticles are promising drug delivery vehicles, passive release of encapsulated contents at the target site is often slow. Herein, we report contents release from targeted, polymer-coated, echogenic lipid nanoparticles in the cell cytoplasm by redox trigger and simultaneously enhanced by diagnostic frequency ultrasound. The lipid nanoparticles were polymerized on the external leaflet using a disulfide cross-linker. In the presence of cytosolic concentrations of glutathione, the lipid nanoparticles released 76% of encapsulated contents. Plasma concentrations of glutathione failed to release the encapsulated contents. Application of 3 MHz ultrasound for 2 min simultaneously with the reducing agent enhanced the release to 96%. Folic acid conjugated, doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles showed enhanced uptake and higher cytotoxicity in cancer cells overexpressing the folate receptor (compared to the control). With further developments, these lipid nanoparticles have the potential to be used as multimodal nanocarriers for simultaneous targeted drug delivery and ultrasound imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Nahire
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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Lafon C, Somaglino L, Bouchoux G, Mari JM, Chesnais S, Ngo J, Mestas JL, Fossheim SL, Nilssen EA, Chapelon JY. Feasibility study of cavitation-induced liposomal doxorubicin release in an AT2 Dunning rat tumor model. J Drug Target 2012; 20:691-702. [PMID: 22845841 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.712129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Targeted and triggered release of liposomal drug using heat or ultrasound represents a promising treatment modality able to increase the therapeutic-totoxicity ratio of encapsulated drugs. PURPOSE To study the ability for high-intensity focused ultrasound to induce liposomal drug release mainly by focused inertial cavitation in vitro and in an animal model. METHODS A 1 MHz ultrasound setup has been developed for in vitro and in vivo drug release from a specific liposomal doxorubicin formulation at a target cavitation dose. RESULTS Controlled cavitation at 1 MHz was applied within the tumors 48 hours after liposome injection according to preliminary pharmacokinetic study. A small non-significant therapeutic effect of US-liposomal treatment was observed compared to liposomes alone suggesting no beneficial effect of ultrasound in the current setup. CONCLUSION The in vitro study provided a suitable ultrasound setup for delivering a cavitation dose appropriate for safe liposomal drug release. However, when converting to an in vivo model, no therapeutic benefit was observed. This may be due to a number of reasons, one of which may be the difficulty in converting in vitro findings to an in vivo model. In light of these findings, we discuss important design features for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Lafon
- INSERM U1032, Université de Lyon, 151 Cours Albert Thomas, Lyon, France.
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