1
|
Zhou Y, Li L, Tong J, Chen X, Deng W, Chen Z, Xiao X, Yin Y, Zhou Q, Gao Y, Hu X, Wang Y. Advanced nanomaterials for electrochemical sensors: application in wearable tear glucose sensing technology. J Mater Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38920094 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00790e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
In the last few decades, tear-based biosensors for continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) have provided new avenues for the diagnosis of diabetes. The tear CGMs constructed from nanomaterials have been extensively demonstrated by various research activities in this field and are gradually witnessing their most prosperous period. A timely and comprehensive review of the development of tear CGMs in a compartmentalized manner from a nanomaterials perspective would greatly broaden this area of research. However, to our knowledge, there is a lack of specialized reviews and comprehensive cohesive reports in this area. First, this paper describes the principles and development of electrochemical glucose sensors. Then, a comprehensive summary of various advanced nanomaterials recently reported for potential applications and construction strategies in tear CGMs is presented in a compartmentalized manner, focusing on sensing properties. Finally, the challenges, strategies, and perspectives used to design tear CGM materials are emphasized, providing valuable insights and guidance for the construction of tear CGMs from nanomaterials in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University & Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Lei Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Jiale Tong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University & Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University & Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Wei Deng
- Department of Orthopedics Pidu District People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Chengdu, Sichuan, 611730, China
| | - Zhiyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Xuanyu Xiao
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Orthopedics Pidu District People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Chengdu, Sichuan, 611730, China
| | - Qingsong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics Pidu District People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College Chengdu, Sichuan, 611730, China
| | - Yongli Gao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Disaster Medical Center, Sichuan University & Nursing Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, No. 37 Guoxue Alley, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Xuefeng Hu
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, 3-16 Renmin South Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China.
| | - Yunbing Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials & College of Biomedical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Li G, Kong L, Lin L. High-precision non-invasive RBC and HGB detection system based on spectral analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6733-6742. [PMID: 37740753 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive blood composition analysis based on dynamic spectrum (DS) theory has gained significant attention due to its non-invasive, simple, and fast performance. However, most of the multi-wavelength photoplethysmography (PPG) detection devices used to obtain DS are composed of halogen light sources and spectrometers and cannot detect effective PPG signals in the visible light short band (400-620 nm), which limits the detection accuracy of blood components with significant absorption spectral differences in that band. Therefore, this paper designs a multi-wavelength spectral acquisition system that can measure high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR > 65 dB) PGG signals at wavelengths of 405, 430, 450, 505, 520, and 570 nm and combines this system with a halogen lamp spectrometer acquisition system for non-invasive blood component detection. Furthermore, this paper collects the DS of 272 subjects with the combined system and establishes a predictive model for DS with the content of red blood cell (RBC) and hemoglobin (HGB) components. The results show that, compared with the halogen lamp spectrometer acquisition system, the correlation coefficient (Rp) of RBC and HGB prediction model established by the combined system has increased by 0.0619 and 0.0489, respectively, and the root mean square error (RMSE) has decreased by 0.08 1e12/L and 0.85 g/L, which confirm the feasibility of the designed multi-wavelength spectrum acquisition system to enhance the accuracy of blood component detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Z, Huang Q, Song Y, Feng X, Zeng L, Liu Z, Hu X, Tao C, Wang L, Qi Y, Song H. Cubosomes-assisted transdermal delivery of doxorubicin and indocyanine green for chemo-photothermal combination therapy of melanoma. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115316. [PMID: 37572638 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a highly aggressive form of skin cancer with limited therapeutic options. Chemo-photothermal combination therapy has demonstrated potential for effectively treating melanoma, and transdermal administration is considered the optimal route for treating skin diseases due to its ability to bypass first-pass metabolism and enhance drug concentration. However, the stratum corneum presents a formidable challenge as a significant barrier to drug penetration in transdermal drug delivery. Lipid-nanocarriers, particularly cubosomes, have been demonstrated to possess significant potential in augmenting drug permeation across the stratum corneum. Herein, cubosomes co-loaded with doxorubicin (DOX, a chemotherapeutic drug) and indocyanine green (ICG, a photothermal agent) (DOX-ICG-cubo) transdermal drug delivery system was developed to enhance the therapeutic efficiency of melanoma by improving drug permeation. The DOX-ICG-cubo showed high encapsulation efficiency of both DOX and ICG, and exhibited good stability under physiological conditions. In addition, the unique cubic structure of the DOX-ICG-cubo was confirmed through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images, polarizing microscopy, and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The DOX-ICG-cubo presented high photothermal conversion efficiency, as well as pH and thermo-responsive DOX release. Notably, the DOX-ICG-cubo exhibited enhanced drug permeation efficiency, good biocompatibility, and improved in vivo anti-melanoma efficacy through the synergistic effects of chemo-photothermal therapy. In conclusion, DOX-ICG-cubo presented a promising strategy for melanoma treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350025, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army (PLA), Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Qinbiao Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army (PLA), Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Yutong Song
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, PR China
| | - Xianquan Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army (PLA), Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Lingjun Zeng
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army (PLA), Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Zhihong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army (PLA), Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Xiaomu Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army (PLA), Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Chun Tao
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army (PLA), Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Lie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army (PLA), Fuzhou 350025, PR China
| | - Yafeng Qi
- Department of General Surgery, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army (PLA), Fuzhou 350025, PR China.
| | - Hongtao Song
- Department of Pharmacy, 900TH Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force, People's Liberation Army (PLA), Fuzhou 350025, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tianyi S, Yulong Z, Yanzhen J, Chen CJ, Liu JT. Micro interstitial fluid extraction and detection device integrated with the optimal extraction conditions for noninvasive glucose monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 237:115515. [PMID: 37481866 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial fluid glucose sensors have promising prospects in noninvasive glucose monitoring. However, the commonly used method of extracting interstitial fluid, reverse iontophoresis (RI), still remains to be optimized to solve problems such as insufficient extraction flux and skin irritation. To find the optimal RI conditions, in this study we explored the effects of multiple factors such as current frequency, duration, duty cycle and their interactions on extraction with the design of experiments (DOE) method. A multifunctional extraction and detection device was designed to control extraction conditions and measure the surface water content of the extraction electrode in situ and real time. A micro glucose monitoring device (MicroTED) combined with a cheap and flexible paper-based electrode was developed under the determined optimal extraction conditions. In on-body continuous glucose monitoring tests carried out to verify the performance of the device, the optimized conditions can facilitate stable extraction of up to 1.0 mg without any skin discomfort. The mean Pearson correlation coefficient between the measurement results of MicroTED and commercial glucometer is above 0.9. In the Clarke error grid analysis, all data points fell within Clarke error grid areas A and B, demonstrating the feasibility of further clinical application of the device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Tianyi
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Yulong
- School of Electronic, Electrical and Communication Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Yanzhen
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ching-Jung Chen
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, School of Optoelectronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jen-Tsai Liu
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, College of Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lansdorp BM. Flux-Type versus Concentration-Type Sensors in Transdermal Measurements. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:845. [PMID: 37754079 PMCID: PMC10526996 DOI: 10.3390/bios13090845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
New transdermal biosensors measure analytes that diffuse from the bloodstream through the skin, making it important to reduce the system response time and understand measurement output. While highly customized models have been created for specific sensors, a generalized model for transdermal sensor systems is lacking. Here, a simple one-dimensional diffusion model was used to characterize the measurement system and classify biosensors as either flux types or concentration types. Results showed that flux-type sensors have significantly faster response times than concentration sensors. Furthermore, flux sensors do not measure concentration, but rather have an output measurement that is proportional to skin permeability. These findings should lead to an improved understanding of transdermal measurements and their relation to blood analyte concentration. In the realm of alcohol research, where the majority of commercially available sensors are flux types, our work advocates toward moving away from transdermal alcohol concentration as a metric, and instead suggests embracing transdermal alcohol flux as a more suitable alternative.
Collapse
|
6
|
Yuan X, Ouaskioud O, Yin X, Li C, Ma P, Yang Y, Yang PF, Xie L, Ren L. Epidermal Wearable Biosensors for the Continuous Monitoring of Biomarkers of Chronic Disease in Interstitial Fluid. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1452. [PMID: 37512763 PMCID: PMC10385734 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare technology has allowed individuals to monitor and track various physiological and biological parameters. With the growing trend of the use of the internet of things and big data, wearable biosensors have shown great potential in gaining access to the human body, and providing additional functionality to analyze physiological and biochemical information, which has led to a better personalized and more efficient healthcare. In this review, we summarize the biomarkers in interstitial fluid, introduce and explain the extraction methods for interstitial fluid, and discuss the application of epidermal wearable biosensors for the continuous monitoring of markers in clinical biology. In addition, the current needs, development prospects and challenges are briefly discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xichen Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Oumaima Ouaskioud
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xu Yin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Pengyi Ma
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Li Xie
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Li Ren
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
- Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhu W, Yu H, Pu Z, Guo Z, Zheng H, Li C, Zhang X, Li J, Li D. Effect of interstitial fluid pH on transdermal glucose extraction by reverse iontophoresis. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 235:115406. [PMID: 37210841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Reverse iontophoresis (RI) is a promising technology in the field of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM), offering significant advantages such as finger-stick-free operation, wearability, and non-invasiveness. In the glucose extraction process based on RI, the pH of the interstitial fluid (ISF) is a critical factor that needs further investigation, as it directly influences the accuracy of transdermal glucose monitoring. In this study, a theoretical analysis was conducted to investigate the mechanism by which pH affects the glucose extraction flux. Modeling and numerical simulations performed at different pH conditions indicated that the zeta potential was significantly impacted by the pH, thereby altering the direction and flux of the glucose iontophoretic extraction. A screen-printed glucose biosensor integrated with RI extraction electrodes was developed for ISF extraction and glucose monitoring. The accuracy and stability of the ISF extraction and glucose detection device were demonstrated with extraction experiments using different subdermal glucose concentrations ranging from 0 to 20 mM. The extraction results for different ISF pH values exhibited that at 5 mM and 10 mM subcutaneous glucose, the extracted glucose concentration was increased by 0.08212 mM and 0.14639 mM for every 1 pH unit increase, respectively. Furthermore, the normalized results for 5 mM and 10 mM glucose demonstrated a linear correlation, indicating considerable potential for incorporating a pH correction factor in the blood glucose prediction model used to calibrate glucose monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wangwang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Haixia Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biomedical Detecting Techniques and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhihua Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Zijing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jun Li
- Langzhong People's Hospital, Sichuan, 637499, China
| | - Dachao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Detamornrat U, Parrilla M, Domínguez-Robles J, Anjani QK, Larrañeta E, De Wael K, Donnelly RF. Transdermal on-demand drug delivery based on an iontophoretic hollow microneedle array system. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:2304-2315. [PMID: 37073607 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00160a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery has emerged as an alternative administration route for therapeutic drugs, overcoming current issues in oral and parenteral administration. However, this technology is hindered by the low permeability of the stratum corneum of the skin. In this work, we develop a synergic combination of two enhancing technologies to contribute to an improved and on-demand drug delivery through an iontophoretic system coupled with hollow microneedles (HMNs). For the first time, a polymeric HMN array coupled with integrated iontophoresis for the delivery of charged molecules and macromolecules (e.g. proteins) is devised. To prove the concept, methylene blue, fluorescein sodium, lidocaine hydrochloride, and bovine serum albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate (BSA-FITC) were first tested in an in vitro setup using 1.5% agarose gel model. Subsequently, the ex vivo drug permeation study using a Franz diffusion cell was conducted, exhibiting a 61-fold, 43-fold, 54-fold, and 17-fold increment of the permeation of methylene blue, fluorescein sodium, lidocaine hydrochloride, and BSA-FITC, respectively, during the application of 1 mA cm-2 current for 6 h. Moreover, the total amount of drug delivered (i.e. in the skin and receptor compartment) was analysed to untangle the different delivery profiles according to the types of molecule. Finally, the integration of the anode and cathode into an iontophoretic hollow microneedle array system (IHMAS) offers the full miniaturisation of the concept. Overall, the IHMAS device provides a versatile wearable technology for transdermal on-demand drug delivery that can improve the administration of personalised doses, and potentially enhance precision medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Usanee Detamornrat
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Marc Parrilla
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Juan Domínguez-Robles
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Qonita Kurnia Anjani
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Eneko Larrañeta
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Karolien De Wael
- A-Sense Lab, Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zheng H, Pu Z, Wu H, Li C, Zhang X, Li D. Reverse iontophoresis with the development of flexible electronics: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 223:115036. [PMID: 36580817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.115036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Skin-centric diagnosis techniques, such as epidermal physiological parameter monitoring, have developed rapidly in recent years. The analysis of interstitial fluid (ISF), a body liquid with abundant physiological information, is a promising method to obtain health status because ISF is easily assessed by implanted or percutaneous measurements. Reverse iontophoresis extracts ISF by applying an electric field onto the skin, and it is a promising method to noninvasively obtain ISF, which, in turn, enables noninvasive epidermal physiological parameter monitoring. However, the development of reverse iontophoresis was relatively slow around the 2010s due to the rigidity and low biocompatibility of the applied devices. With the rapid development of flexible electronic technology in recent years, new progress has been made in the field of reverse iontophoresis, especially in the field of blood glucose monitoring and drug monitoring. This review summarizes the recent advances and discusses the challenges and opportunities of reverse iontophoresis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhihua Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chengcheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xingguo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dachao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu F, Cheng Z, Yi H. NIR light-activatable dissolving microneedle system for melanoma ablation enabled by a combination of ROS-responsive chemotherapy and phototherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:61. [PMID: 36814244 PMCID: PMC9948357 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01815-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a consequence of the aggressive and recurrent nature of melanoma, repeated, multimodal treatments are often necessary to cure the disease. While microneedle (MN)-based transdermal drug delivery methods can allow drugs to avoid first-pass metabolism and overcome the stratum corneum barrier, the main challenges of these delivery methods entail the lack of controlled drug release/activation and effective imaging methods to guide the entire treatment process. METHODS To enable a transdermal delivery method with controllable drug release/activation and effective imaging guidance, we designed a near-infrared (NIR) photoactivatable, dissolving MN system comprising dissolvable polyvinylpyrrolidone MNs arrays (MN-pB/I) containing liposomes that were co-loaded with the photosensitizer indocyanine green (ICG) and the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-activatable prodrug of doxorubicin (pB-DOX). RESULTS After applying the MN patch to the tumor site, the liposomes concentrated in the needle tips were released into the tumor tissue and distributed evenly upon dissolution of the matrix to enable targeted delivery. Then, the ROS produced by ICG after exposure to NIR light performed photodynamic therapy and activated the pB-DOX for chemotherapy by cleaving the prodrug moiety and converting it to DOX. As a dye, ICG was also used to guide the treatment regimens and monitor the efficacy by fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging. The growth of the tumors in the MN-pB/I group were inhibited by 93.5%, while those were only partially inhibited in the control groups. Negligible treatment-induced side effects and cardiotoxicity were observed. CONCLUSION The MN-pB/I represents a multimodal, biocompatible theragnostic system with spatiotemporal control that was capable of ablating melanoma tumors after a single dose, providing a promising candidate for clinical melanoma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zeneng Cheng
- grid.216417.70000 0001 0379 7164Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hanxi Yi
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Tongzipo Road 172, Changsha, 410000, China. .,Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Ultrapathology (Biomedical Electron Microscopy) Center, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhang Y, Yang C, Shi H, Xu C. Current Technological Trends in Transdermal Biosensing. ADVANCED NANOBIOMED RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/anbr.202200040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yuyue Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Institute of Materials Research Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua University Shenzhen City 518055 Guangdong Province China
| | - Haibin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) and Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering City University of Hong Kong Kowloon Tong Hong Kong SAR China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ates HC, Nguyen PQ, Gonzalez-Macia L, Morales-Narváez E, Güder F, Collins JJ, Dincer C. End-to-end design of wearable sensors. NATURE REVIEWS. MATERIALS 2022; 7:887-907. [PMID: 35910814 PMCID: PMC9306444 DOI: 10.1038/s41578-022-00460-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Wearable devices provide an alternative pathway to clinical diagnostics by exploiting various physical, chemical and biological sensors to mine physiological (biophysical and/or biochemical) information in real time (preferably, continuously) and in a non-invasive or minimally invasive manner. These sensors can be worn in the form of glasses, jewellery, face masks, wristwatches, fitness bands, tattoo-like devices, bandages or other patches, and textiles. Wearables such as smartwatches have already proved their capability for the early detection and monitoring of the progression and treatment of various diseases, such as COVID-19 and Parkinson disease, through biophysical signals. Next-generation wearable sensors that enable the multimodal and/or multiplexed measurement of physical parameters and biochemical markers in real time and continuously could be a transformative technology for diagnostics, allowing for high-resolution and time-resolved historical recording of the health status of an individual. In this Review, we examine the building blocks of such wearable sensors, including the substrate materials, sensing mechanisms, power modules and decision-making units, by reflecting on the recent developments in the materials, engineering and data science of these components. Finally, we synthesize current trends in the field to provide predictions for the future trajectory of wearable sensors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ceren Ates
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter Q. Nguyen
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Eden Morales-Narváez
- Biophotonic Nanosensors Laboratory, Centro de Investigaciones en Óptica, León, Mexico
| | - Firat Güder
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - James J. Collins
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
- Institute of Medical Engineering & Science, Department of Biological Engineering, MIT, Cambridge, MA USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA USA
| | - Can Dincer
- FIT Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- IMTEK – Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Yang Q, Rosati G, Abarintos V, Aroca MA, Osma JF, Merkoçi A. Wearable and fully printed microfluidic nanosensor for sweat rate, conductivity, and copper detection with healthcare applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 202:114005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
15
|
A touch-actuated glucose sensor fully integrated with microneedle array and reverse iontophoresis for diabetes monitoring. Biosens Bioelectron 2022; 203:114026. [PMID: 35114468 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2022.114026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The development of non-invasive biosensor for monitoring glucose in interstitial fluid (ISF) is still challenging, because ISF extraction through classical reverse iontophoresis (RI) is limited by low extraction flux and consistency. Here, we developed a touch-actuated biosensor for monitoring glucose in ISF. The biosensor is composed of three main components: 1) the solid microneedle array (MA) for painless skin penetration; 2) the RI unit for ISF extraction through the MA-created microchannels; and 3) the sensing unit for glucose monitoring. The sensing strategy of this biosensor is "skin penetration-RI extraction-electrochemical detection". Compared with RI extraction only, the reported skin penetration-RI extraction sampling strategy obviously increased the glucose extraction flux by ∼1.6 times not only in vitro but also in vivo. Moreover, we developed a wearable glucose monitoring system by incorporating this touch-actuated biosensor, a wireless electrochemical detector, and a smartphone application. In vivo experiments using healthy and diabetic rats revealed a high correlation between the results measured by the reported wearable system and commercially blood glucometer. This sampling strategy which combined skin penetration and RI extraction paves the way to develop wearable platforms for not only glucose monitoring but also various ISF biomarkers without the need of painful finger-stick blood sampling.
Collapse
|
16
|
Ma R, An X, Shao R, Zhang Q, Sun S. Recent advancement in noninvasive glucose monitoring and closed-loop management system for diabetes. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:5537-5555. [DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00749e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes can cause many complications, which has become one of the most common diseases that may lead to death. Currently, the number of diabetics continues increasing year by year. Thus,...
Collapse
|
17
|
Abe Y, Nishizawa M. Electrical aspects of skin as a pathway to engineering skin devices. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:041509. [PMID: 34849444 PMCID: PMC8604566 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is one of the indispensable organs for life. The epidermis at the outermost surface provides a permeability barrier to infectious agents, chemicals, and excessive loss of water, while the dermis and subcutaneous tissue mechanically support the structure of the skin and appendages, including hairs and secretory glands. The integrity of the integumentary system is a key for general health, and many techniques have been developed to measure and control this protective function. In contrast, the effective skin barrier is the major obstacle for transdermal delivery and detection. Changes in the electrical properties of skin, such as impedance and ionic activity, is a practical indicator that reflects the structures and functions of the skin. For example, the impedance that reflects the hydration of the skin is measured for quantitative assessment in skincare, and the current generated across a wound is used for the evaluation and control of wound healing. Furthermore, the electrically charged structure of the skin enables transdermal drug delivery and chemical extraction. This paper provides an overview of the electrical aspects of the skin and summarizes current advances in the development of devices based on these features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuina Abe
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Nishizawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Effective factors on iontophoretic transdermal delivery of memantine and donepezil as model drugs. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
19
|
Wertz PW. Roles of Lipids in the Permeability Barriers of Skin and Oral Mucosa. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105229. [PMID: 34063352 PMCID: PMC8155912 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PubMed searches reveal much literature regarding lipids in barrier function of skin and less literature on lipids in barrier function of the oral mucosa. In terrestrial mammals, birds, and reptiles, the skin’s permeability barrier is provided by ceramides, fatty acids, and cholesterol in the outermost layers of the epidermis, the stratum corneum. This layer consists of about 10–20 layers of cornified cells embedded in a lipid matrix. It effectively prevents loss of water and electrolytes from the underlying tissue, and it limits the penetration of potentially harmful substances from the environment. In the oral cavity, the regions of the gingiva and hard palate are covered by keratinized epithelia that much resemble the epidermis. The oral stratum corneum contains a lipid mixture similar to that in the epidermal stratum corneum but in lower amounts and is accordingly more permeable. The superficial regions of the nonkeratinized oral epithelia also provide a permeability barrier. These epithelial regions do contain ceramides, cholesterol, and free fatty acids, which may underlie barrier function. The oral epithelial permeability barriers primarily protect the underlying tissue by preventing the penetration of potentially toxic substances, including microbial products. Transdermal drug delivery, buccal absorption, and lipid-related disease are discussed.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7609. [PMID: 33828144 PMCID: PMC8027418 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Out of 463 million people currently with diabetes, 232 million remain undiagnosed. Diabetes is a threat to human health, which could be mitigated via continuous self-monitoring of glucose. In addition to blood, interstitial fluid is considered to be a representative sample for glucose monitoring, which makes it highly attractive for wearable on-body sensing. However, new technologies are needed for efficient and noninvasive sampling of interstitial fluid through the skin. In this report, we introduce the use of Lorentz force and magnetohydrodynamics to noninvasively extract dermal interstitial fluid. Using porcine skin as an ex-vivo model, we demonstrate that the extraction rate of magnetohydrodynamics is superior to that of reverse iontophoresis. This work seeks to provide a safe, effective, and noninvasive sampling method to unlock the potential of wearable sensors in needle-free continuous glucose monitoring devices that can benefit people living with diabetes.
Collapse
|
21
|
Transdermal electroosmotic flow generated by a porous microneedle array patch. Nat Commun 2021; 12:658. [PMID: 33510169 PMCID: PMC7843990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A microneedle array is an attractive option for a minimally invasive means to break through the skin barrier for efficient transdermal drug delivery. Here, we report the applications of solid polymer-based ion-conductive porous microneedles (PMN) containing interconnected micropores for improving iontophoresis, which is a technique of enhancing transdermal molecular transport by a direct current through the skin. The PMN modified with a charged hydrogel brings three innovative advantages in iontophoresis at once: (1) lowering the transdermal resistance by low-invasive puncture of the highly resistive stratum corneum, (2) transporting of larger molecules through the interconnected micropores, and (3) generating electroosmotic flow (EOF). In particular, the PMN-generated EOF greatly enhances the transdermal molecular penetration or extraction, similarly to the flow induced by external pressure. The enhanced efficiencies of the EOF-assisted delivery of a model drug (dextran) and of the extraction of glucose are demonstrated using a pig skin sample. Furthermore, the powering of the PMN-based transdermal EOF system by a built-in enzymatic biobattery (fructose / O2 battery) is also demonstrated as a possible totally organic iontophoresis patch.
Collapse
|
22
|
Tang L, Chang SJ, Chen CJ, Liu JT. Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Monitoring Technology: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E6925. [PMID: 33291519 PMCID: PMC7731259 DOI: 10.3390/s20236925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, with the rise of global diabetes, a growing number of subjects are suffering from pain and infections caused by the invasive nature of mainstream commercial glucose meters. Non-invasive blood glucose monitoring technology has become an international research topic and a new method which could bring relief to a vast number of patients. This paper reviews the research progress and major challenges of non-invasive blood glucose detection technology in recent years, and divides it into three categories: optics, microwave and electrochemistry, based on the detection principle. The technology covers medical, materials, optics, electromagnetic wave, chemistry, biology, computational science and other related fields. The advantages and limitations of non-invasive and invasive technologies as well as electrochemistry and optics in non-invasives are compared horizontally in this paper. In addition, the current research achievements and limitations of non-invasive electrochemical glucose sensing systems in continuous monitoring, point-of-care and clinical settings are highlighted, so as to discuss the development tendency in future research. With the rapid development of wearable technology and transdermal biosensors, non-invasive blood glucose monitoring will become more efficient, affordable, robust, and more competitive on the market.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tang
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, College of Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| | - Shwu Jen Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 82445, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Jung Chen
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, School of Opto-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jen-Tsai Liu
- Research Center for Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, College of Materials Science and Opti-Electronic Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Xin Y, Wen X, Hamblin MR, Jiang X. Transdermal delivery of topical lidocaine in a mouse model is enhanced by treatment with cold atmospheric plasma. J Cosmet Dermatol 2020; 20:626-635. [PMID: 32593230 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical anesthetics are widely used in dermatology and cosmetology to alleviate the pain from nonsurgical cosmetic procedures, while the transdermal drug delivery is limited by the skin barrier. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a potential approach used for skin pretreatment to enhance transdermal delivery of topical medications. AIMS To assess the efficacy of CAP as a pretreatment to improve the transdermal delivery of topical anesthetic. METHODS First, we conducted ex vivo permeation studies on 30 mice with a Franz cell diffusion experiment. CAP irradiations of different intensity and duration were pretreated on the epidermal layer of mice before topical lidocaine applied, with the control group received no pretreatment. The amount of drug penetrated through the skin and drug flux were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Then, we treated 3 living mice with CAP followed by application of methylene blue cream (MB) and used skin biopsies to measure penetration depth by microscope. Last, we measured the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) of mouse skin in vivo before and after CAP treatment to observe its effect on the skin barrier function. RESULTS In the permeation study, the transdermal flux of lidocaine was enhanced to 1.97 times of the control samples by CAP pretreatment. We also observed that the accumulative amount of lidocaine varied with the duration of the CAP treatment in a biphasic manner. In the MB penetration study, significant amount of MB deposition was observed under the epidermis and deeper parts of the skin after CAP pretreatment compared with the control sample. A sharp increase in TEWL value was observed directly after the CAP treatment, but 30 minutes later, it began to decrease and recovered to baseline in the next 3 hours, indicating that the skin barrier property had been changed reversibly. CONCLUSIONS Our studies suggested that the transdermal absorption of topical lidocaine can be efficiently and safely enhanced by pretreatment of the skin with CAP. We believe that CAP could be used as an assistance to improve analgesia in dermatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Xin
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, South Africa
| | - Xian Jiang
- Department of Dermatovenereology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Li H, Peng Q, Guo Y, Wang X, Zhang L. Preparation and in vitro and in vivo Study of Asiaticoside-Loaded Nanoemulsions and Nanoemulsions-Based Gels for Transdermal Delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:3123-3136. [PMID: 32440114 PMCID: PMC7210032 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s241923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Asiaticoside (ASI), a compound of triterpene pentacyclic saponins, has apparently therapeutic efficacy on human hypertrophic scar. However, the characteristics of large molecular weight, low water solubility and poor lipophilicity do not favor the diffusion through the stratum corneum (SC). Therefore, it is expected that the development of a transdermally delivered formulation may enhance the permeability ratio (Qn) of ASI for its clinical application. In this study, we designed asiaticoside-loaded nanoemulsions (ASI-NEs) and nanoemulsions-based gels (ASI-NBGs) and studied their mechanism for transdermal delivery. Methods The preparation of ASI-NEs was optimized by simplex lattice design (SLD). The ex vivo transdermal penetration and the in vivo pharmacokinetics studies were studied, respectively. The skin irritation of ASI-NEs and ASI-NBGs was measured on normal and damaged skin in rabbits, and the transcutaneous mechanisms of ASI-NEs and ASI-NBGs were determined by HE stained and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results The mean particle size of ASI-NEs was 132±5.84nm. The ex vivo skin permeation study verified that the Qn of the optimized ASI-NEs and ASI-NBGs was about 13.65 times and 5.05 times higher than that of the ordinary ASI-G group. In vivo, the pharmacokinetics studies showed that ASI-NEs and ASI-NBGs reached the peak value in the skin quickly and maintained stable release for a long time with high bioavailability. ASI-NEs and ASI-NBGs were proved to be safe when applied for topical skin usage, and they could play a therapeutic role through the skin mainly by acting on the microstructure of the SC and by means of the skin adnexal pathways. Conclusion ASI-NEs and ASI-NBGs were effectively developed to overcome the barrier properties of the skin and show high drug penetration through the transdermal route. In addition, we found that ASI-NEs and ASI-NBGs are safe when applied through transdermal delivery system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Peng
- Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceutical Co. LTD, Jiangsu 222000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yisha Guo
- Characteristic Medical Center of the Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300309, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300309, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
An YH, Lee J, Son DU, Kang DH, Park MJ, Cho KW, Kim S, Kim SH, Ko J, Jang MH, Lee JY, Kim DH, Hwang NS. Facilitated Transdermal Drug Delivery Using Nanocarriers-Embedded Electroconductive Hydrogel Coupled with Reverse Electrodialysis-Driven Iontophoresis. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4523-4535. [PMID: 32191436 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We herein developed an iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery system for the effective delivery of electrically mobile drug nanocarriers (DNs). Our system consists of a portable and disposable reverse electrodialysis (RED) battery that generates electric power for iontophoresis through the ionic exchange. In addition, in order to provide a drug reservoir to the RED-driven iontophoretic system, an electroconductive hydrogel composed of polypyrrole-incorporated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PYP) was used. The PYP hydrogel facilitated electron transfer from the RED battery and accelerated the mobility of electrically mobile DNs released from the PYP hydrogel. In this study, we showed that fluconazole- or rosiglitazone-loaded DNs could be functionalized with charge-inducing agents, and DNs with charge modification resulted in facilitated transdermal transport via repulsive RED-driven iontophoresis. In addition, topical application and RED-driven iontophoresis of rosiglitazone-loaded DNs resulted in an effective antiobese condition displaying decreased bodyweight, reduced glucose level, and increased conversion of white adipose tissues to brown adipose tissues in vivo. Consequently, we highlight that this transdermal drug delivery platform would be extensively utilized for delivering diverse therapeutic agents in a noninvasive way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Young-Hyeon An
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Lee
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Biosensor Laboratories Inc., Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Uk Son
- Biosensor Laboratories Inc., Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyeon Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihn Jeong Park
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Won Cho
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Semin Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hwan Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghyeon Ko
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hoon Jang
- Biosensor Laboratories Inc., Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Young Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyeong Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Giri TK, Chakrabarty S, Ghosh B. Non-Invasive Extraction of Gabapentin for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Reverse Iontophoresis: Effect of pH, Ionic Strength, and Polyethylene Glycol 400 in the Receiving Medium. CURR PHARM ANAL 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1573412914666180910115059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Monitoring of plasma concentrations is a necessity for narrow therapeutic index
potent drugs. Development of non-invasive methods can save the patients from the trauma of needles
and hence is considered as a research priority.
Introduction:
Gabapentin, an anti-epileptic drug requires therapeutic monitoring because of its narrow
therapeutic index. The objective of the study was to develop a suitable method for the non-invasive
extraction of gabapentin for the same.
Methods:
Transdermal reverse iontophoresis was performed using pig ear skin as a barrier membrane.
Three compartment iontophoretic cells were used for the extraction study. Extractions were carried out
under low intensity electric field (current intensity- 0.5 mA/cm2, electrical field approximately 5 V).
The donor compartment was charged with aqueous gabapentin (10 µg/ml in phosphate buffer of pH
7.4). For studying the effect of receiving vehicle (pH, ionic strength, and enhancer) on the extraction
efficiency of gabapentin, the two receiver chambers were charged with media having varying concentration
of these factors. Drug content was determined by HPLC.
Results:
Compared to other pHs, cumulative extraction of gabapentin at pH 5 was significantly higher
at both anode and cathode (p<0.001). At low ionic strength, extraction of gabapentin increased linearly
with the increase in concentration of ions up to a certain value but at very high ionic strength the pattern
reversed. Similar results were obtained with enhancer (polyethylene glycol 400). Extraction increased
with increase in polyethylene glycol 400 up to 3% and then decreased.
Conclusion:
Extraction flux can be optimized by manipulation of the receiver media.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Giri
- NSHM College of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhasis Chakrabarty
- NSHM College of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Bijaya Ghosh
- NSHM College of Pharmaceutical Technology, NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata-700053, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Giri TK, Ghosh B, Bose P, Saha S, Sarkar A. Extraction of levetiracetam for therapeutic drug monitoring by transdermal reverse iontophoresis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 128:54-60. [PMID: 30468869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Recently, transdermal reverse iontophoresis across the skin has been investigated as a novel technology for the purpose of diagnosis as well as therapeutic drug monitoring. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to investigate ex vivo and in vivo transdermal extraction of levetiracetam, an antiepileptic drug, across the pig ear skin by reverse iontophoresis. Reverse iontophoresis experiments were performed using three chambered diffusion cells. Extractions profiles were generated in phosphate buffers at different current intensities, pH and ionic strength as well donor drug concentrations. This was followed by ex vivo extraction in gels and in vivo extractions using New Zealand rabbits. Results indicate that levetiracetam was extracted at both anode and cathode. Flux values were unaffected by increase in current intensities (0.5 mA and 0.6 mA) but affected by pH and ionic strength. Neither in cathodal nor in anodal extraction, flux values did show a proportional relationship with the donor drug concentration. At low and medium concentration levels, flux values did not show any major change but the extraction flux at high donor concentration was much higher. In contrast, in vivo experiment with rabbits resulted in wide variation of fluxes with very high fluxes recorded at the cathodal end. Reasons attributed to this difference may include lower current intensity, and species variation. The most significant finding of this study is that measurable amounts of the levetiracetam were extracted at both the ends indicating its feasibility for non-invasive drug monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Kumar Giri
- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Bijaya Ghosh
- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India.
| | - Preeta Bose
- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Sumana Saha
- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| | - Arijit Sarkar
- NSHM Knowledge Campus, Kolkata-Group of Institutions, 124 BL Saha Road, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
A Flexible Interdigital Electrode Used in Skin Penetration Promotion and Evaluation with Electroporation and Reverse Iontophoresis Synergistically. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18051431. [PMID: 29734708 PMCID: PMC5982095 DOI: 10.3390/s18051431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Skin penetration is related to efficiencies of drug delivery or ISF extraction. Normally, the macro-electrode is employed in skin permeability promotion and evaluation, which has the disadvantages of easily causing skin damage when using electroporation or reverse iontophoresis by alone; furthermore, it has large measurement error, low sensitivity, and difficulty in integration. To resolve these issues, this paper presents a flexible interdigital microelectrode for evaluating skin penetration by sensing impedance and a method of synergistical combination of electroporation and reverse iontophoresis to promote skin penetration. First, a flexible interdigital microelectrode was designed with a minimal configuration circuit of electroporation and reverse iontophoresis for future wearable application. Due to the variation of the skin impedance correlated with many factors, relative changes of it were recorded at the end of supply, different voltage, or constant current, times, and duration. It is found that the better results can be obtained by using electroporation for 5 min then reverse iontophoresis for 12 min. By synergistically using electroporation and reverse iontophoresis, the penetration of skin is promoted. The results tested in vivo suggest that the developed microelectrode can be applied to evaluate and promote the skin penetration and the designed method promises to leave the skin without damage. The electrode and the method may be beneficial for designing noninvasive glucose sensors.
Collapse
|
29
|
Amjadi M, Sheykhansari S, Nelson BJ, Sitti M. Recent Advances in Wearable Transdermal Delivery Systems. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:1704530. [PMID: 29315905 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Wearable transdermal delivery systems have recently received tremendous attention due to their noninvasive, convenient, and prolonged administration of pharmacological agents. Here, the material prospects, fabrication processes, and drug-release mechanisms of these types of therapeutic delivery systems are critically reviewed. The latest progress in the development of multifunctional wearable devices capable of closed-loop sensation and drug delivery is also discussed. This survey reveals that wearable transdermal delivery has already made an impact in diverse healthcare applications, while several grand challenges remain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Amjadi
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sahar Sheykhansari
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
|