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Misaizu R, Endo-Takahashi Y, Nirasawa K, Negishi Y, Asayama S. Diffusive delivery of plasmid DNA using zwitterionic carboxyalkyl poly(1-vinylimidazole) into skeletal muscle in vivo. Biomater Sci 2024; 12:3947-3955. [PMID: 38949480 DOI: 10.1039/d4bm00510d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Zwitterionic carboxyalkyl poly(1-vinylimidazole) (CA-PVIm) polymers with imidazolium cations and carboxylate anions have been synthesized as a carrier for the in vivo delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) to skeletal muscle. From differential scanning calorimetry measurements, resulting CA-PVIm had intermediate water in hydration water as a biocompatible polymer. Notably, when the pDNA and resulting CA-PVIm were mixed, slight retarded bands of the pDNA were observed in agarose gel electrophoresis, suggesting the polyion complex (PIC) formation between the pDNA and CA-PVIm despite zwitterionic polymers. Resulting PICs maintained the higher-order structure of the pDNA. Using resulting pDNA PICs, the highest pDNA expression by intramuscular injection was achieved in the PIC with 7 mol% carboxymethylated PVIm, that is, CA1(7)-PVIm, observed in a widespread area by in vivo imaging system. These results suggest that the CA1(7)-PVIm/pDNA PIC is effective for the diffusive delivery of the pDNA into skeletal muscle for the treatment of serious muscle diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Misaizu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
| | - Yoko Endo-Takahashi
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kei Nirasawa
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Yoichi Negishi
- School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Asayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan.
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Sun Y, Wu J, Zhou L, Wang W, Wang H, Sun S, Xu Y, Zhang L, Jiang X, Zhu G, Xi K, Gu Y, Chen L. Genetically engineered electrospinning contributes to spinal cord injury repair by regulating the immune microenvironment. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1415527. [PMID: 38933542 PMCID: PMC11199540 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1415527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is associated with microenvironment imbalance, thereby resulting in poor regeneration and recovery of the spinal cord. Gene therapy can be used to balance the inflammatory response, however target genes cannot exist in localized injured areas. Methods: A genetically engineered electrospun scaffold (GEES) to achieve long-term immunoregulation and nerve repair was constructed. By combining the microfluidic and electrospinning techniques, interleukin-10 plasmid (pIL10) was loaded into lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) (pIL10-LNP), which was encapsulated to the nerve growth factor (NGF). Immunofluorescence staining, qRT-PCR, ELISA, flow cytometry, and other tests were employed to comprehensively assess the role of GEES in modulating macrophage polarization and facilitating neural repair. Results: The results showed that the scaffold released >70% of the pIL10-LNP within 10 d and continued slow release within 30 d. In vitro cell experiments have demonstrated that GEES effectively stimulates macrophages to secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines and facilitates the differentiation of neural stem cells into neuronal cells. In rat T9 SCI model, the GEES significantly inhibited the inflammatory response in the acute and chronic phases of SCI by transfecting local tissues with slow-release pIL10-LNP to promote the release of the anti-inflammatory factor IL10, thereby creating a favorable microenvironment. With the addition of NGF, the repair and regeneration of nerve tissues was effectively promoted, and the post-SCI motor function of rats improved. Discussion: GEES can regulate post-SCI immune responses through continuous and effective gene delivery, providing a new strategy for the construction of electrospun scaffolds for nerve repair in gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibo Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaosong Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yichang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinzhao Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoqing Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Xi
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yong Gu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Institute Orthopedic, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Lamptey RNL, Sun C, Singh J. Blood pressure reduction through brain delivery of nanoparticles loaded with plasmid DNA encoding angiotensin receptor shRNA. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102210. [PMID: 38827383 PMCID: PMC11141442 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Elevated brain angiotensin II activity plays a key role in the development of neurogenic hypertension. While blood pressure (BP) control in neurogenic hypertension has been successfully demonstrated by regulating central angiotensin II activity, current techniques involving cerebrovascular injections of potential therapeutic agents are not suitable for clinical translation. To address this gap, we present the synthesis of dual-functionalized liposomes functionalized with targeting ligand and cell-penetrating peptide. Functionalized liposomes were synthesized using the thin film hydration technique and loaded with plasmid DNA encoding short hairpin RNA targeted toward angiotensin II receptors (PEAS), via the post-insertion method. The synthesized liposomes had a cationic surface charge, an average size of 150 nm, and effectively entrapped more than 89% of loaded PEAS. These liposomes loaded with PEAS demonstrated biocompatibility and efficient delivery to brain-derived cell lines, resulting in a remarkable reduction of more than 70% in receptor expression within 7 days. To assess the therapeutic potential, spontaneously hypertensive rats were administered intravenous injections of functionalized liposomes loaded with PEAS, and the changes in mean arterial pressure were monitored for 45 days. Remarkably, this treatment led to a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in BP of more than 30 mm Hg compared with saline-treated rats.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chengwen Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102, USA
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Rodríguez-Castejón J, Beraza-Millor M, Solinís MÁ, Rodríguez-Gascón A, Del Pozo-Rodríguez A. Targeting strategies with lipid vectors for nucleic acid supplementation therapy in Fabry disease: a systematic review. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01583-0. [PMID: 38587758 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01583-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) results from a lack of activity of the lysosomal enzyme α-Galactosidase A (α-Gal A), leading to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in several different cell types. Protein supplementation by pDNA or mRNA delivery presents a promising strategy to tackle the underlying genetic defect in FD. Protein-coding nucleic acids in FD can be either delivered to the most affected sites by the disease, including heart, kidney and brain, or to specialized organs that can act as a production factory of the enzyme, such as the liver. Lipid-based systems are currently at the top of the ranking of non-viral nucleic acid delivery systems, and their versatility allows the linking to the surface of a wide range of molecules to control their biodistribution after intravenous administration. This systematic review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement guidelines and provides an overview and discussion of the targeting ligands that have been employed so far to actively vectorize intravenously administered non-viral vectors based on lipid carriers to clinically relevant organs in the treatment of FD, for protein-coding nucleic acid (pDNA and mRNA) supplementation. Among the thirty-two studies included, the majority focus on targeting the liver and brain. The targeting of the heart has been reported to a lesser degree, whereas no articles addressing kidney-targeting have been recorded. Although a great effort has been made to develop organ-specific nucleic acid delivery systems, the design of active-targeted carriers with high quality, good clinical translation, and large-scale manufacturing capacity is still challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julen Rodríguez-Castejón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
| | - Marina Beraza-Millor
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Solinís
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain
| | - Ana Del Pozo-Rodríguez
- Pharmacokinetic, Nanotechnology and Gene Therapy Group (PharmaNanoGene), Faculty of Pharmacy, Centro de Investigación Lascaray Ikergunea, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Paseo de la Universidad 7, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.
- Bioaraba, Microbiology, Infectious Disease, Antimicrobial Agents and Gene Therapy, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.
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Fang L, Li J, Cheng H, Liu H, Zhang C. Dual fluorescence images, transport pathway, and blood-brain barrier penetration of B-Met-W/O/W SE. Int J Pharm 2024; 652:123854. [PMID: 38280499 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Borneol is an aromatic traditional Chinese medicine that can improve the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), enter the brain, and promote the brain tissue distribution of many other drugs. In our previous study, borneol-metformin hydrochloride water/oil/water composite submicron emulsion (B-Met-W/O/W SE) was prepared using borneol and SE to promote BBB penetration, which significantly increased the brain distribution of Met. However, the dynamic images, transport pathway (uptake and efflux), promotion of BBB permeability, and mechanisms of B-Met-W/O/W SE before and after entering cells have not been clarified. In this study, rhodamine B and coumarin-6 were selected as water-soluble and oil-soluble fluorescent probes to prepare B-Met-W/O/W dual-fluorescent SE (B-Met-W/O/W DFSE) with concentric circle imaging. B-Met-W/O/W SE can be well taken up by brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs). The addition of three inhibitors (chlorpromazine hydrochloride, methyl-β-cyclodextrin, and amiloride hydrochloride) indicated that its main pathway may be clathrin-mediated and fossa protein-mediated endocytosis. Meanwhile, B-Met-W/O/W SE was obviously shown to inhibit the efflux of BMECs. Next, BMECs were cultured in the Transwell chamber to establish a BBB model, and Western blot was employed to detect the protein expressions of Occludin, Zona Occludens 1 (ZO-1), and p-glycoprotein (P-gp) after B-Met-W/O/W SE treatment. The results showed that B-Met-W/O/W SE significantly down-regulated the expression of Occludin, ZO-1, and P-gp, which increased the permeability of BBB, promoted drug entry into the brain through BBB, and inhibited BBB efflux. Furthermore, 11 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 7 related signaling pathways in BMECs treated with B-W/O/W SE were detected by transcriptome sequencing and verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). These results provide a scientific experimental basis for the dynamic monitoring, transmembrane transport mode, and permeation-promoting mechanism of B-Met-W/O/W SE as a new brain-targeting drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Fang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Junying Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Engineering Technology Research Center of Modernized Pharmaceutics, Anhui Education Department (AUCM), Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; School of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacokinetics, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Collaborative Innovation Center, Hefei 230012, Anhui, China; Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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Pratumyot K, Yuntasiri P, Khunsuk PO, Phuangkaew T, Sittplangkoon C, Pattarakankul T, Palaga T, Kiatkamjornwong S, Hoven VP. Pyrene-Labeled and Quaternized Chitosan: Synthesis, Characterization, and Its Potential Application for Fluorescently Trackable Nucleic Acid Delivery into Cells. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:4005-4018. [PMID: 37549394 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
A chitosan derivative (Pyr-CS-HTAP) having pyrene (Pyr) and N-[(2-hydroxyl-3-trimethylammonium)] propyl (HTAP) units conjugated at C6 and C2 positions, respectively, was synthesized and characterized. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy revealed that Pyr-CS-HTAP self-assembled into spherical nanoparticles with a hydrodynamic diameter of 211 ± 5 nm and a ζ-potential of +49 mV. The successful binding of Pyr-CS-HTAP with nucleic acid was ascertained by fluorescence resonance energy-transfer analysis and gel electrophoresis. Pyr-CS-HTAP facilitated the cellular uptake of nucleic acid up to 99%. Co-localization analysis using fluorescence microscopy revealed the endosomal escape of the Pyr-CS-HTAP/nucleic acid complexes and the successful release of the nucleic acid cargoes from the polyplexes into the nucleus. It is strongly believed that Pyr-CS-HTAP can potentially be developed into a fluorescently trackable gene delivery system in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornkanya Pratumyot
- Organic Synthesis, Electrochemistry and Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Supramolecular Chemistry Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
| | - Pongsakorn Yuntasiri
- Organic Synthesis, Electrochemistry and Natural Product Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi (KMUTT), Pracha Uthit Road, Bang Mod, Thung Khru, Bangkok 10140, Thailand
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Phim-On Khunsuk
- Program in Petrochemistry and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tinnakorn Phuangkaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chutamath Sittplangkoon
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thitiporn Pattarakankul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Tanapat Palaga
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Suda Kiatkamjornwong
- FRST, Academy of Science, Office of the Royal Society, Sanam Suea Pa, Khet Dusit, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
- Office of Research Affairs, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Voravee P Hoven
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Materials and Bio-interfaces, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Gothwal A, Lamptey RNL, Trivedi R, Chaulagain B, Singh J. Non-Invasive Intranasal Delivery of pApoE2: Effect of Multiple Dosing on the ApoE2 Expression in Mice Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13019. [PMID: 37629200 PMCID: PMC10456017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241613019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan-based polymeric micelles are promising non-viral nanocarriers for safe and targeted gene delivery. Multi-functionalized chitosan polymeric micelles were prepared by grafting fatty acid, cell-penetrating peptide, and mannose on the chitosan backbone. The polymeric micelles were subjected to surface morphology and surface topography using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy, respectively. The hemotoxic profile of the prepared polymeric micelles was established against erythrocytes and was found to be <5% hemotoxic up to the concentration of 600 µg/mL. In vitro ApoE2 expression in primary astrocytes and neurons was analyzed. Multi-functionalized polymeric micelles produced greater (p < 0.05) transfection in astrocytes and neurons in comparison to mono-functionalized micelles. Intranasal administration of polymeric micelles/pApoE2 polyplex led to significantly higher (p < 0.05) in vivo pApoE2 expression than chitosan and unfunctionalized polymeric micelles-treated mice groups. The outcomes of this study predict that the developed multi-functionalized polymeric micelles could be an effective and safe gene delivery platform to the brain through the intranasal route.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA; (A.G.); (R.N.L.L.); (R.T.); (B.C.)
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8
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Xie R, Wang Y, Burger JC, Li D, Zhu M, Gong S. Non-viral approaches for gene therapy and therapeutic genome editing across the blood-brain barrier. MED-X 2023; 1:6. [PMID: 37485250 PMCID: PMC10357415 DOI: 10.1007/s44258-023-00004-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The success of brain-targeted gene therapy and therapeutic genome editing hinges on the efficient delivery of biologics bypassing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which presents a significant challenge in the development of treatments for central nervous system disorders. This is particularly the case for nucleic acids and genome editors that are naturally excluded by the BBB and have poor chemical stability in the bloodstream and poor cellular uptake capability, thereby requiring judiciously designed nanovectors administered systemically for intracellular delivery to brain cells such as neurons. To overcome this obstacle, various strategies for bypassing the BBB have been developed in recent years to deliver biologics to the brain via intravenous administration using non-viral vectors. This review summarizes various brain targeting strategies and recent representative reports on brain-targeted non-viral delivery systems that allow gene therapy and therapeutic genome editing via intravenous administration, and highlights ongoing challenges and future perspectives for systemic delivery of biologics to the brain via non-viral vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruosen Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715 USA
| | - Yuyuan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715 USA
| | - Jacobus C. Burger
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715 USA
| | - Dongdong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715 USA
| | - Min Zhu
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
| | - Shaoqin Gong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705 USA
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706 USA
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Wei Y, Xia X, Li H, Gao H. Influence factors on and potential strategies to amplify receptor-mediated nanodrug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1713-1730. [PMID: 37542516 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2245332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A major challenge in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders is to achieve adequate drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Receptor-mediated nanodrug delivery as a Trojan horse strategy has become an exciting approach. However, these nanodrugs do not accumulate significantly in the brain parenchyma, which greatly limits the therapeutic effect of drugs. Amplifying the efficiency of receptor-mediated nanodrug delivery across the BBB becomes the holy grail in the treatment of CNS disorders. AREAS COVERED In this review, we tend to establish links between dynamic BBB and receptor-mediated nanodrug delivery, starting with the delivery processes across the BBB, describing factors affecting nanodrug delivery efficiency, and summarizing potential strategies that may amplify delivery efficiency. EXPERT OPINION Receptor-mediated nanodrug delivery is a common approach to significantly enhance the efficiency of brain-targeting delivery. As BBB is constantly undergoing changes, it is essential to investigate the impact of diseases on the effectiveness of brain-targeting nanodrug delivery. More critically, there are several barriers to achieving brain-targeting nanodrug delivery in the five stages of receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), and the impacts can be conflicting, requiring intricate balance. Further studies are also needed to investigate the material toxicity of nanodrugs to address the issue of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Hanmei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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10
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Wu D, Chen Q, Chen X, Han F, Chen Z, Wang Y. The blood-brain barrier: structure, regulation, and drug delivery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:217. [PMID: 37231000 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB complicates the pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as the most chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals have been impeded to enter the brain. Insufficient drug delivery into the brain leads to low therapeutic efficacy as well as aggravated side effects due to the accumulation in other organs and tissues. Recent breakthrough in materials science and nanotechnology provides a library of advanced materials with customized structure and property serving as a powerful toolkit for targeted drug delivery. In-depth research in the field of anatomical and pathological study on brain and BBB further facilitates the development of brain-targeted strategies for enhanced BBB crossing. In this review, the physiological structure and different cells contributing to this barrier are summarized. Various emerging strategies for permeability regulation and BBB crossing including passive transcytosis, intranasal administration, ligands conjugation, membrane coating, stimuli-triggered BBB disruption, and other strategies to overcome BBB obstacle are highlighted. Versatile drug delivery systems ranging from organic, inorganic, and biologics-derived materials with their synthesis procedures and unique physio-chemical properties are summarized and analyzed. This review aims to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive guideline for researchers in diverse fields, offering perspectives on further development of brain-targeted drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Gothwal A, Lamptey RNL, Singh J. Multifunctionalized Cationic Chitosan Polymeric Micelles Polyplexed with pVGF for Noninvasive Delivery to the Mouse Brain through the Intranasal Route for Developing Therapeutics for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Pharm 2023. [PMID: 37093958 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctionalized Chitosan-based polymeric micelles were used to deliver pVGF to the brain. VGF (non-acronymic) plays significant roles in neurogenesis and learning as well as synaptic and cognitive functions. Therefore, VGF gene therapy could be a better approach in developing effective therapeutics against Alzheimer's disease. Multifunctionalized chitosan polymeric micelles were developed by grafting oleic acid (OA) on the chitosan (CS) skeleton followed by penetratin (PEN) and mannose (MAN) conjugation. The OA-g-CS-PEN-MAN graft polymer formed cationic nanomicelles in an aqueous medium and polyplexed with pVGF. The polymeric micelles were nontoxic and cationic in charge and had an average hydrodynamic diameter of 199.8 ± 15.73 nm. Qualitative in vitro transfection efficiency of OA-g-CS-PEN-MAN/pGFP polyplex was investigated in bEnd.3, primary neurons, and astrocyte cells. In vivo transfection efficiency of OA-g-CS-PEN-MAN/pVGF polyplexes was analyzed in C57BL6/J mice after intranasal administration for 7 days. The VGF expression levels in primary astrocytes and neurons after OA-g-CS-PEN-MAN/pVGF treatment were 2.4 ± 0.24 and 1.49 ± 0.02 pg/μg of protein, respectively. The VGF expression in the OA-g-CS-PEN-MAN/pVGF polyplex-treated animal group was 64.9 ± 12.7 pg/mg of protein, significantly higher (p < 0.01) than that of the unmodified polymeric micelles. The in vivo transfection outcomes revealed that the developed multifunctionalized OA-g-CS-PEN-MAN polymeric micelles could effectively deliver pVGF to the brain, transfect brain cells, and express VGF in the brain after noninvasive intranasal administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash Gothwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Richard Nii Lante Lamptey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
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12
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Richard L, Chengwen S, Jagdish S. Brain-targeted delivery of losartan through functionalized liposomal nanoparticles for management of neurogenic hypertension. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122841. [PMID: 36925022 PMCID: PMC10127229 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
There is mounting experimental evidence that blocking angiotensin receptor type 1 activity can prevent the occurrence of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Studies have proved this strategy via evasive means, such as intracerebrovascular injections, making clinical translation difficult. This study aimed to develop penetratin and transferrin functionalized liposomes as a delivery tool to safely deliver losartan potassium (an angiotensin receptor blocker) to the brain. Penetratin and transferrin functionalized losartan-loaded liposomes were prepared via the post-insertion technique. Losartan-loaded liposomes were cationic, approximately 150 nm in size, entrapping 66.8 ± 1.5% of losartan. All formulations were well tolerated and internalized by primary and cultured cells in 4 hours. Further, the ability to deliver losartan potassium across the blood-brain barrier was evaluated in vivo in Wistar Kyoto rats either in solution or when encapsulated within liposomal nanoparticles. Upon intravenous administration, we did not find a detectable amount of losartan in the brain tissue of rats that received free losartan solution. Contrary, liposome formulations could deliver losartan to the brain, with a brain AUC and mean resident time of 163.304 ± 13.09 and 8.623 h ± 0.66, respectively. In addition, no toxicity was observed in the animals that received the losartan-loaded liposomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamptey Richard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Sun Chengwen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
| | - Singh Jagdish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58102
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13
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Zhang M, Ma H, Wang X, Yu B, Cong H, Shen Y. Polysaccharide-based nanocarriers for efficient transvascular drug delivery. J Control Release 2023; 354:167-187. [PMID: 36581260 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Polysaccharide-based nanocarriers (PBNs) are the focus of extensive investigation because of their biocompatibility, low cost, wide availability, and chemical versatility, which allow a wide range of anticancer agents to be loaded within the nanocarriers. Similar to other nanocarriers, most PBNs are designed to extravasate out of tumor vessels, depending on the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. However, the EPR effect is compromised in some tumors due to the heterogeneity of tumor structures. Transvascular transport efficacy is decreased by complex blood vessels and condensed tumor stroma. The limited extravasation impedes efficient drug delivery into tumor parenchyma, and thus affects the subsequent tumor accumulation, which hinders the therapeutic effect of PBNs. Therefore, overcoming the biological barriers that restrict extravasation from tumor vessels is of great importance in PBN design. Many strategies have been developed to enhance the EPR effect that involve nanocarrier property regulation and tumor structure remodeling. Moreover, some researchers have proposed active transcytosis pathways that are complementary to the paracellular EPR effect to increase the transvascular extravasation efficiency of PBNs. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the design of PBNs with enhanced transvascular transport to enable optimization of PBNs in the extravasation of the drug delivery process. We also discuss the obstacles and challenges that need to be addressed to clarify the transendothemial mechanism of PBNs and the potential interactions between extravasation and other drug delivery steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - He Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xijie Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bing Yu
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Hailin Cong
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Youqing Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Center for Bionanoengineering and Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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14
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Lamptey RNL, Sun C, Layek B, Singh J. Neurogenic Hypertension, the Blood-Brain Barrier, and the Potential Role of Targeted Nanotherapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032213. [PMID: 36768536 PMCID: PMC9916775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major health concern globally. Elevated blood pressure, initiated and maintained by the brain, is defined as neurogenic hypertension (NH), which accounts for nearly half of all hypertension cases. A significant increase in angiotensin II-mediated sympathetic nervous system activity within the brain is known to be the key driving force behind NH. Blood pressure control in NH has been demonstrated through intracerebrovascular injection of agents that reduce the sympathetic influence on cardiac functions. However, traditional antihypertensive agents lack effective brain permeation, making NH management extremely challenging. Therefore, developing strategies that allow brain-targeted delivery of antihypertensives at the therapeutic level is crucial. Targeting nanotherapeutics have become popular in delivering therapeutics to hard-to-reach regions of the body, including the brain. Despite the frequent use of nanotherapeutics in other pathological conditions such as cancer, their use in hypertension has received very little attention. This review discusses the underlying pathophysiology and current management strategies for NH, as well as the potential role of targeted therapeutics in improving current treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Buddhadev Layek
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (J.S.); Tel.: +1-701-231-7906 (B.L.); +1-701-231-7943 (J.S.); Fax: +1-701-231-8333 (B.L. & J.S.)
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Correspondence: (B.L.); (J.S.); Tel.: +1-701-231-7906 (B.L.); +1-701-231-7943 (J.S.); Fax: +1-701-231-8333 (B.L. & J.S.)
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15
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Shrestha B, Tang L, Hood RL. Nanotechnology for Personalized Medicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-16-8984-0_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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16
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Afrouz M, Amani A, Eftekhari A, Coudret C, Elias SG, Ahmadian Z, Alebrahim MT. Design and synthesis of multi-targeted nanoparticles for gene delivery to breast cancer tissues. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:121-137. [PMID: 36255459 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatibility of nanoparticles is the most essential factor in their use in clinical applications. In this study, hyperbranched spermine (HS), hyperbranched spermine-polyethylene glycol-folic acid (HSPF), and hyperbranched spermine-polyethylene glycol-glucose (HSPG) were synthesized for DNA protection and gene delivery to breast cancer cells. The synthesis of HSPG and HSPF was confirmed using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (H-NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) spectroscopy. The HS/DNA, HSPF/DNA, HSPG/DNA, and hyperbranched spermine-polyethylene glycol-folic acid/glucose/DNA (HSPFG/DNA) nanoparticles were prepared by combining different concentrations of HS, HSPF, and HSPG with the same amount of DNA. The ability of HS, HSPF, and HSPG to interact with DNA and protect it against plasm digestion was evaluated using agarose gel. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro biocompatibility of HSPF/DNA, HSPG/DNA, and HSPFG/DNA was investigated using MTT assay and calculating weight change and survival ratio of BALB/c mice, respectively. The results of agarose gel electrophoresis showed that HS, HSPF, and HSPG have the high ability to neutralize the negative charge of DNA and protect it against plasma degradation. The results of in vivo cytotoxicity assay revealed that the HSPF/DNA, HSPG/DNA, and HSPFG/DNA nanoparticles have good biocompatibility on female BALB/c mice. In vitro and in vivo transfection assays revealed that functionalization of the surface of HS using polyethylene glycol-folic acid (HSPF) and polyethylene glycol-glucose (HSPG) significantly increases gene delivery efficiency in vitro and in vivo. These results also showed that gene transfer using both HSPF and HSPG copolymers increases gene transfer efficiency compared to when only one of them is used. The HSPFG/DNA nanoparticles have a high potential for use in therapeutic applications because of their excellent biocompatibility and high gene transfer efficiency to breast cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Afrouz
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Amin Amani
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, 5166414766, Iran
| | - Ali Eftekhari
- UMR 8516, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Pour Les Interactions, la Reactivite et l'Environment (LASIRE), CNRS, Université Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christophe Coudret
- IMRCP, CNRS UMR5623, UPS, Université de Toulouse, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Sabry G Elias
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Seed Science and Technology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Zainab Ahmadian
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
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17
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Tan Q, Zhao S, Xu T, Wang Q, Lan M, Yan L, Chen X. Getting drugs to the brain: advances and prospects of organic nanoparticle delivery systems for assisting drugs to cross the blood-brain barrier. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:9314-9333. [PMID: 36349976 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01440h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an irreplaceable role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS) from bloodborne pathogens. However, the BBB complicates the treatment of CNS diseases because it prevents almost all therapeutic drugs from getting into the CNS. With the growing understanding of the physiological characteristics of the BBB and the development of nanotechnology, nanomaterial-based drug delivery systems have become promising tools for delivering drugs across the BBB to the CNS. Herein, we systematically summarize the recent progress in organic-nanoparticle delivery systems for treating CNS diseases and evaluate their mechanisms in overcoming the BBB with the aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the advantages, disadvantages, and challenges of organic nanoparticles in delivering drugs across the BBB. This review may inspire new research ideas and directions for applying nanotechnology to treat CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuxia Tan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Shaojing Zhao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Ting Xu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Qin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Minhuan Lan
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro & Nano Materials Interface Science, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Li Yan
- College of Health Science and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, 518118, China.
| | - Xianfeng Chen
- School of Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, UK.
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18
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Siafaka PI, Okur ME, Erim PD, Çağlar EŞ, Özgenç E, Gündoğdu E, Köprülü REP, Karantas ID, Üstündağ Okur N. Protein and Gene Delivery Systems for Neurodegenerative Disorders: Where Do We Stand Today? Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:2425. [PMID: 36365243 PMCID: PMC9698227 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been estimated that every year, millions of people are affected by neurodegenerative disorders, which complicate their lives and their caregivers' lives. To date, there has not been an approved pharmacological approach to provide the complete treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. The only available drugs may only relieve the symptoms or slow down the progression of the disease. The absence of any treatment is quite rational given that neurodegeneration occurs by the progressive loss of the function or structure of the nerve cells of the brain or the peripheral nervous system, which eventually leads to their death either by apoptosis or necrotic cell death. According to a recent study, even though adult brain cells are injured, they can revert to an embryonic state, which may help to restore their function. These interesting findings might open a new path for the development of more efficient therapeutic strategies to combat devastating neurodegenerative disorders. Gene and protein therapies have emerged as a rapidly growing field for various disorders, especially neurodegenerative diseases. Despite these promising therapies, the complete treatment of neurodegenerative disorders has not yet been achieved. Therefore, the aim of this review is to address the most up-to-date data for neurodegenerative diseases, but most importantly, to summarize the available delivery systems incorporating proteins, peptides, and genes that can potentially target such diseases and pass into the blood-brain barrier. The authors highlight the advancements, at present, on delivery based on the carrier, i.e., lipid, polymeric, and inorganic, as well as the recent studies on radiopharmaceutical theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehmet Evren Okur
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Pelin Dilsiz Erim
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Regenerative and Restorative Medical Research Center (REMER), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Altınbaş University, Istanbul 34217, Turkey
| | - Emre Şefik Çağlar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
| | - Emre Özgenç
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Evren Gündoğdu
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Rabia Edibe Parlar Köprülü
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Institute of Health Sciences, İstanbul Medipol University, Istanbul 34810, Turkey
| | | | - Neslihan Üstündağ Okur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul 34668, Turkey
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19
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Parrasia S, Szabò I, Zoratti M, Biasutto L. Peptides as Pharmacological Carriers to the Brain: Promises, Shortcomings and Challenges. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3700-3729. [PMID: 36174227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are among the most difficult to treat, mainly because the vast majority of the drugs fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or to reach the brain at concentrations adequate to exert a pharmacological activity. The obstacle posed by the BBB has led to the in-depth study of strategies allowing the brain delivery of CNS-active drugs. Among the most promising strategies is the use of peptides addressed to the BBB. Peptides are versatile molecules that can be used to decorate nanoparticles or can be conjugated to drugs, with either a stable link or as pro-drugs. They have been used to deliver to the brain both small molecules and proteins, with applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as brain cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and imaging. Peptides can be generally classified as receptor-targeted, recognizing membrane proteins expressed by the BBB microvessels (e.g., Angiopep2, CDX, and iRGD), "cell-penetrating peptides" (CPPs; e.g. TAT47-57, SynB1/3, and Penetratin), undergoing transcytosis through unspecific mechanisms, or those exploiting a mixed approach. The advantages of peptides have been extensively pointed out, but so far few studies have focused on the potential negative aspects. Indeed, despite having a generally good safety profile, some peptide conjugates may display toxicological characteristics distinct from those of the peptide itself, causing for instance antigenicity, cardiovascular alterations or hemolysis. Other shortcomings are the often brief lifetime in vivo, caused by the presence of peptidases, the vulnerability to endosomal/lysosomal degradation, and the frequently still insufficient attainable increase of brain drug levels, which remain below the therapeutically useful concentrations. The aim of this review is to analyze not only the successful and promising aspects of the use of peptides in brain targeting but also the problems posed by this strategy for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Parrasia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
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20
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Luo M, Lee LKC, Peng B, Choi CHJ, Tong WY, Voelcker NH. Delivering the Promise of Gene Therapy with Nanomedicines in Treating Central Nervous System Diseases. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2201740. [PMID: 35851766 PMCID: PMC9475540 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202201740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases, such as Alzheimer's diseases (AD), Parkinson's Diseases (PD), brain tumors, Huntington's disease (HD), and stroke, still remain difficult to treat by the conventional molecular drugs. In recent years, various gene therapies have come into the spotlight as versatile therapeutics providing the potential to prevent and treat these diseases. Despite the significant progress that has undoubtedly been achieved in terms of the design and modification of genetic modulators with desired potency and minimized unwanted immune responses, the efficient and safe in vivo delivery of gene therapies still poses major translational challenges. Various non-viral nanomedicines have been recently explored to circumvent this limitation. In this review, an overview of gene therapies for CNS diseases is provided and describes recent advances in the development of nanomedicines, including their unique characteristics, chemical modifications, bioconjugations, and the specific applications that those nanomedicines are harnessed to deliver gene therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihua Luo
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnologythe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLD4072Australia
| | - Leo Kit Cheung Lee
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong
| | - Bo Peng
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible ElectronicsXi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical materials & EngineeringNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710072China
| | - Chung Hang Jonathan Choi
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringThe Chinese University of Hong KongShatinNew TerritoriesHong Kong
| | - Wing Yin Tong
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutics ScienceMonash UniversityParkville Campus, 381 Royal ParadeParkvilleVIC3052Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO)ClaytonVIC3168Australia
- Melbourne Centre for NanofabricationVictorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility151 Wellington RoadClaytonVIC3168Australia
- Materials Science and EngineeringMonash University14 Alliance LaneClaytonVIC3800Australia
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21
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The role of glutathione conjugation on the transcellular transport process of PEGylated liposomes across the blood brain barrier. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122152. [PMID: 36055442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Notwithstanding the growing evidence of improved drug delivery efficiency to the brain by ligand modification of PEGylated liposomes, the comprehensive knowledge of their transport processes and payload across the BBB is yet to be revealed. Herein, this study sought to understand the glutathione (GSH) ligand effect on transcellular transport mechanisms of liposomes through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by comparing PEGylated liposomes (PEG-L) and GSH PEGylated liposomes (GSH-PEG-L). Endocytosis and exocytosis of liposomes including the role of secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) of brain endothelial cells (BECs) were assessed. Further pharmacokinetics and brain distribution analysis of gemcitabine loaded liposomes were carried in healthy rats to ascertain the in vivo applicability. Our findings suggested that the presence of GSH increased the cellular uptake of liposomes by up to 3-fold in human brain microvascular endothelial cells depending on the dose but not in astrocytes. The cell exposure to liposomes particularly GSH-PEG-L dramatically increased the cell secretion of small and microvesicles with liposomal components, though different liposomes preferred different vesicles for exocytosis. This correlated with GSH-PEG-L transport efficiency of 4% across the in vitro BBB model in 24 h, 1.7-fold higher than that of PEG-L (p < 0.05). In rats, while PEG-L and GSH-PEG-L showed similar pharmacokinetic profiles and prolonged circulation properties, 3.8% of the total injected dose (ID) of gemcitabine was found in the brain of the GSH-PEG-L group at 8 h post-injection, compared with 2.8% ID in the PEG-L group. A brain: blood concentration ratio of 1.27 ± 0.12 indicated that an active transport mechanism to cross the BBB for GSH-PEG-L. Overall, this study revealed that GSH augmented the transcellular transport efficiency of liposomes through BBB to improve targeted brain delivery by enhancing cellular uptake and vesicular exocytosis route of BECs.
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22
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Simonis B, Vignone D, Gonzalez Paz O, Donati E, Falchetti ML, Bombelli C, Cellucci A, Auciello G, Fini I, Galantini L, Syeda RZ, Mazzonna M, Mongiardi MP, Buonocore F, Ceccacci F, Di Marco A, Mancini G. Transport of cationic liposomes in a human blood brain barrier model: Role of the stereochemistry of the gemini amphiphile on liposome biological features. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 627:283-298. [PMID: 35853406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The positive charge on liposome surface is known to promote the crossing of the Blood brain barrier (BBB). However, when diastereomeric cationic gemini amphiphiles are among lipid membrane components, also the stereochemistry may affect the permeability of the vesicle across the BBB. EXPERIMENTS Liposomes featuring cationic diasteromeric gemini amphiphiles were formulated, characterized, and their interaction with cell culture models of BBB investigated. FINDINGS Liposomes featuring the gemini amphiphiles were internalized in a monolayer of brain microvascular endothelial cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) through an energy dependent transport, internalization involving both clathrin- and caveolae-mediated endocytosis. On the same formulations, the permeability was also evaluated across a human derived in vitro BBB transport model. The permeability of liposomes featuring the gemini amphiphiles was significantly higher compared to that of neutral liposomes (DPPC/Cholesterol), that were not able to cross BBB. Most importantly, the permeability was influenced by the stereochemistry of the gemini and pegylation of these formulations did not result in a drastic reduction of the crossing ability. The in vitro iPSC-derived BBB models used in this work represent an important advancement in the drug discovery research of novel brain delivery strategies and therapeutics for central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Simonis
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Chimica, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy; CNR-ISB, Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Enrica Donati
- CNR-ISB, Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Strada Provinciale 35d 9, 00020 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Falchetti
- CNR-IBBC, Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Via E. Ramarini, 32, 00015 MonterotondoScalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Bombelli
- CNR-ISB, Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Giulio Auciello
- IRBM SpA, via Pontina Km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Ivan Fini
- IRBM SpA, via Pontina Km 30.600, 00071 Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Luciano Galantini
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Chimica, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Rudaba Zaman Syeda
- Sapienza Università di Roma, Dipartimento di Chimica, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mazzonna
- CNR-ISB, Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Strada Provinciale 35d 9, 00020 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Patrizia Mongiardi
- CNR-IBBC, Istituto di Biochimica e Biologia Cellulare, Via E. Ramarini, 32, 00015 MonterotondoScalo, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Buonocore
- Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei sistemi biologici, agroalimentari e forestali, Università della Tuscia (DIBAF), Largo dell'Università snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Francesca Ceccacci
- CNR-ISB, Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Sede Secondaria di Roma-Meccanismi di Reazione c/o Dipartimento di Chimica, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Giovanna Mancini
- CNR-ISB, Istituto per i Sistemi Biologici, Area della Ricerca di Roma 1, Strada Provinciale 35d 9, 00020 Montelibretti, Rome, Italy
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Kasina V, Mownn RJ, Bahal R, Sartor GC. Nanoparticle delivery systems for substance use disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1431-1439. [PMID: 35351961 PMCID: PMC8960682 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01311-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Innovative breakthroughs in nanotechnology are having a substantial impact in healthcare, especially for brain diseases where effective therapeutic delivery systems are desperately needed. Nanoparticle delivery systems offer an unmatched ability of not only conveying a diverse array of diagnostic and therapeutic agents across complex biological barriers, but also possess the ability to transport payloads to targeted cell types over a sustained period. In substance use disorder (SUD), many therapeutic targets have been identified in preclinical studies, yet few of these findings have been translated to effective clinical treatments. The lack of success is, in part, due to the significant challenge of delivering novel therapies to the brain and specific brain cells. In this review, we evaluate the potential approaches and limitations of nanotherapeutic brain delivery systems. We also highlight the examples of promising strategies and future directions of nanocarrier-based treatments for SUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishal Kasina
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Robert J. Mownn
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Raman Bahal
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
| | - Gregory C. Sartor
- grid.63054.340000 0001 0860 4915Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269 USA
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24
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Paul A, Collins MG, Lee HY. Gene Therapy: The Next-Generation Therapeutics and Their Delivery Approaches for Neurological Disorders. Front Genome Ed 2022; 4:899209. [PMID: 35832929 PMCID: PMC9272754 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2022.899209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological conditions like neurodevelopmental disorders and neurodegenerative diseases are quite complex and often exceedingly difficult for patients. Most of these conditions are due to a mutation in a critical gene. There is no cure for the majority of these neurological conditions and the availability of disease-modifying therapeutics is quite rare. The lion's share of the treatments that are available only provide symptomatic relief, as such, we are in desperate need of an effective therapeutic strategy for these conditions. Considering the current drug development landscape, gene therapy is giving us hope as one such effective therapeutic strategy. Consistent efforts have been made to develop gene therapy strategies using viral and non-viral vectors of gene delivery. Here, we have discussed both of these delivery methods and their properties. We have summarized the relative advantages and drawbacks of viral and non-viral vectors from the perspectives of safety, efficiency, and productivity. Recent developments such as clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-mediated gene editing and its use in vivo have been described here as well. Given recent advancements, gene therapy shows great promise to emerge as a next-generation therapeutic for many of the neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions.
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25
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Kimura R, Nirasawa K, Negishi Y, Asayama S. Tunable Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscles by the Molecular Weight of PEG Chain Length of Plasmid DNA Mono-Ion Complexes. CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.220242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Riku Kimura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Kei Nirasawa
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Yoichi Negishi
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Asayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan
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26
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Hindle A, Singh SP, Pradeepkiran JA, Bose C, Vijayan M, Kshirsagar S, Sawant NA, Reddy PH. Rlip76: An Unexplored Player in Neurodegeneration and Alzheimer’s Disease? Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116098. [PMID: 35682775 PMCID: PMC9181721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and is the most common cause of dementia in older people. AD is associated with the loss of synapses, oxidative stress, mitochondrial structural and functional abnormalities, microRNA deregulation, inflammatory responses, neuronal loss, accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau). AD occurs in two forms: early onset, familial AD and late-onset, sporadic AD. Causal factors are still unknown for a vast majority of AD patients. Genetic polymorphisms are proposed to contribute to late-onset AD via age-dependent increases in oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities. Recent research from our lab revealed that reduced levels of Rlip76 induce oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage, leading to molecular and behavioral phenotypes resembling late-onset AD. Rlip76 is a multifunctional 76 kDa protein encoded by the RALBP1 gene, located on chromosome 18. Rlip is a stress-protective ATPase of the mercapturic acid pathway that couples clathrin-dependent endocytosis with the efflux of glutathione–electrophile conjugates. Rlip is evolutionarily highly conserved across species and is ubiquitously expressed in all tissues, including AD-affected brain regions, the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, where highly active neuronal metabolisms render the cells highly susceptible to intracellular oxidative damage. In the current article, we summarize molecular and cellular features of Rlip and how depleted Rlip may exacerbate oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage in AD. We also discuss the possible role of Rlip in aspects of learning and memory via axonal growth, dendritic remodeling, and receptor regulation. We conclude with a discussion of the potential for the contribution of genetic polymorphisms in Rlip to AD progression and the potential for Rlip-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashly Hindle
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Sharda P. Singh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Jangampalli Adi Pradeepkiran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Chhanda Bose
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Murali Vijayan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - Neha A. Sawant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
| | - P. Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; (A.H.); (S.P.S.); (J.A.P.); (C.B.); (M.V.); (S.K.); (N.A.S.)
- Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Neurology, Departments of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
- Correspondence:
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27
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Jiang XC, Zhang T, Gao JQ. The in vivo fate and targeting engineering of crossover vesicle-based gene delivery system. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 187:114324. [PMID: 35640803 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes and biomimetic vesicles are widely used for gene delivery because of their excellent gene loading capacity and stability and their natural targeting delivery potential. These vesicles take advantages of both cell-based bioactive delivery system and synthetical lipid-derived nanovectors to form crossover characteristics. To further optimize the specific targeting properties of crossover vesicles, studies of their in vivo fate and various engineering approaches including nanobiotechnology are required. This review describes the preparation process of exosomes and biomimetic vesicles, and summarizes the mechanism of loading and delivery of nucleic acids or gene editing systems. We provide a comprehensive overview of the techniques employed for preparing the targeting crossover vesicles based on their cellular uptake and targeting mechanism. To delineate the future prospects of crossover vesicle gene delivery systems, various challenges and clinical applications of vesicles have also been discussed.
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28
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Rawal SU, Patel BM, Patel MM. New Drug Delivery Systems Developed for Brain Targeting. Drugs 2022; 82:749-792. [PMID: 35596879 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-022-01717-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSF) are two of the most complex and sophisticated concierges that defend the central nervous system (CNS) by numerous mechanisms. While they maintain the neuro-ecological homeostasis through the regulated entry of essential biomolecules, their conservative nature challenges the entry of most of the drugs intended for CNS delivery. Targeted delivery challenges for a diverse spectrum of therapeutic agents/drugs (non-small molecules, small molecules, gene-based therapeutics, protein and peptides, antibodies) are diverse and demand specialized delivery and disease-targeting strategies. This review aims to capture the trends that have shaped the current brain targeting research scenario. This review discusses the physiological, neuropharmacological, and etiological factors that participate in the transportation of various drug delivery cargoes across the BBB/BCSF and influence their therapeutic intracranial concentrations. Recent research works spanning various invasive, minimally invasive, and non-invasive brain- targeting approaches are discussed. While the pre-clinical outcomes from many of these approaches seem promising, further research is warranted to overcome the translational glitches that prevent their clinical use. Non-invasive approaches like intranasal administration, P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibition, pro-drugs, and carrier/targeted nanocarrier-aided delivery systems (alone or often in combination) hold positive clinical prospects for brain targeting if explored further in the right direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti U Rawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L.J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Sarkhej-Sanand Circle Off. S.G. Road, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382210, India
| | - Bhoomika M Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India
| | - Mayur M Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382481, India.
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29
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Arora S, Kanekiyo T, Singh J. Functionalized nanoparticles for brain targeted BDNF gene therapy to rescue Alzheimer's disease pathology in transgenic mouse model. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 208:901-911. [PMID: 35378156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is actively produced and utilized in cortical circuits throughout life to sustain neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. In animal models of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), highly invasive BDNF gene therapy using viral vectors has successfully shown enhanced synaptic protein expression, proliferation of neurons and attenuation of amyloidogenic processes. However, to eliminate virus-related safety issues and invasive procedures, our present study has explored brain-targeted lipid-based nanoparticles that can deliver plasmid encoding BDNF to brain in a safe and efficient manner. Efficacy of these nanoparticles was tested in early (6-months) and advanced stage (9-months) transgenic APP/PS1 AD mice. Liposomes were surface-functionalized with brain targeting ligand, mannose, and cell-penetrating peptides (rabies virus-derived peptide or penetratin). These bifunctionalized nanoparticles enhanced BDNF expression by ~2 times and resulted in >40% (p < 0.05) reduction in toxic amyloid-beta peptides in 6- and 9-months old APP/PS1 mice brains compared to their age-matched untreated controls. Plaque load was reduced ~7 and ~3 times (p < 0.05), respectively, whereas synaptic proteins, synaptophysin and PSD-95, were found to be increased >90% (p < 0.05) in both age groups of transgenic mice treated with bifunctionalized nanoparticles. No untoward adverse effects were observed throughout treatment, suggesting a safe and effective strategy to rescue AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA.
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30
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Farshbaf M, Mojarad-Jabali S, Hemmati S, Khosroushahi AY, Motasadizadeh H, Zarebkohan A, Valizadeh H. Enhanced BBB and BBTB penetration and improved anti-glioma behavior of Bortezomib through dual-targeting nanostructured lipid carriers. J Control Release 2022; 345:371-384. [PMID: 35301054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The effective treatment of glioma through conventional chemotherapy is proved to be a great challenge in clinics. The main reason is due to the existence of two physiological and pathological barriers respectively including the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB) that prevent most of the chemotherapeutics from efficient delivery to the brain tumors. To address this challenge, an ideal drug delivery system would efficiently traverse the BBB and BBTB and deliver the therapeutics into the glioma cells with high selectivity. Herein, a targeted delivery system was developed based on nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) modified with two proteolytically stable D-peptides, D8 and RI-VAP (Dual NLCs). D8 possesses high affinity towards nicotine acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), overexpressed on brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs), and can penetrate through BBB with high efficiency. RI-VAP is a specific ligand of cell surface GRP78 (csGRP78), a specific angiogenesis and cancer cell-surface marker, capable of circumventing the BBTB with superior glioma-homing property. Dual NLCs could internalize into BCECs, tumor neovascular endothelial cells, and glioma cells with high specificity and could penetrate through in vitro BBB and BBTB models with excellent efficiency compared to non-targeted or mono-targeted NLCs. In vivo whole-animal imaging and ex vivo imaging further confirmed the superior targeting capability of Dual NLCs towards intracranial glioma. When loaded with Bortezomib (BTZ), Dual NLCs attained the highest therapeutic efficiency by means of in vitro cytotoxicity and apoptosis and prolonged survival rate and anti-glioma behavior in intracranial glioma bearing mice. Collectively, the designed targeting platform in this study could overcome multiple barriers and effectively deliver BTZ to glioma cells, which represent its potential for advanced brain cancer treatment with promising therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Farshbaf
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Solmaz Mojarad-Jabali
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Salar Hemmati
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Yari Khosroushahi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Motasadizadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Nanotechnology Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hadi Valizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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31
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Reginald-Opara JN, Svirskis D, Paek S, Tang M, O'Carroll SJ, Dean JM, Chamley LW, Wu Z. The involvement of extracellular vesicles in the transcytosis of nanoliposomes through brain endothelial cells, and the impact of liposomal pH-sensitivity. Mater Today Bio 2022; 13:100212. [PMID: 35198960 PMCID: PMC8841812 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
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32
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Poustforoosh A, Nematollahi MH, Hashemipour H, Pardakhty A. Recent advances in Bio-conjugated nanocarriers for crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier in (pre-)clinical studies with an emphasis on vesicles. J Control Release 2022; 343:777-797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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33
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Shrestha B, Tang L, Hood RL. Nanotechnology for Personalized Medicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9374-7_18-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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34
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Liposome delivery to the brain with rapid short-pulses of focused ultrasound and microbubbles. J Control Release 2021; 341:605-615. [PMID: 34896448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are clinically used drug carriers designed to improve the delivery of drugs to specific tissues while minimising systemic distribution. However, liposomes are unable to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and enter the brain, mostly due to their large size (ca. 100 nm). A noninvasive and localised method of delivering liposomes across the BBB is to intravenously inject microbubbles and apply long pulses of ultrasound (pulse length: >1 ms) to a targeted brain region. Recently, we have shown that applying rapid short pulses (RaSP) (pulse length: 5 μs) can deliver drugs with an improved efficacy and safety profile. However, this was tested with a relatively smaller 3-kDa molecule (dextran). In this study, we examine whether RaSP can deliver liposomes to the murine brain in vivo. Fluorescent DiD-PEGylated liposomes were synthesized and injected intravenously alongside microbubbles. The left hippocampus of mice was then sonicated with either a RaSP sequence (5 μs at 1.25 kHz in groups of 10 ms at 0.5 Hz) or a long pulse sequence (10 ms at 0.5 Hz), with each pulse having a 1-MHz centre frequency (0.35 and 0.53 MPa). The delivery and distribution of the fluorescently-labelled liposomes were assessed by fluorescence imaging of the brain sections. The safety profile of the sonicated brains was assessed by histological staining. RaSP was shown to locally deliver liposomes across the BBB at 0.53 MPa with a more diffused and safer profile compared to the long pulse ultrasound sequence. Cellular uptake of liposomes was observed in neurons and microglia, while no uptake within astrocytes was observed in both RaSP and long pulse-treated brains. This study shows that RaSP allows a targeted and safe delivery of liposomal drugs into the murine brain with potential to deliver drugs into neuronal and glial targets.
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Ndemazie NB, Inkoom A, Morfaw EF, Smith T, Aghimien M, Ebesoh D, Agyare E. Multi-disciplinary Approach for Drug and Gene Delivery Systems to the Brain. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 23:11. [PMID: 34862567 PMCID: PMC8817187 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02144-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug delivery into the brain has for long been a huge challenge as the blood–brain barrier (BBB) offers great resistance to entry of foreign substances (with drugs inclusive) into the brain. This barrier in healthy individuals is protective to the brain, disallowing noxious substances present in the blood to get to the brain while allowing for the exchange of small molecules into the brain by diffusion. However, BBB is disrupted under certain disease conditions, such as cerebrovascular diseases including acute ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, and neurodegenerative disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and cancers. This review aims to provide a broad overview of present-day strategies for brain drug delivery, emphasizing novel delivery systems. Hopefully, this review would inspire scientists and researchers in the field of drug delivery across BBB to uncover new techniques and strategies to optimize drug delivery to the brain. Considering the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiological functioning of the BBB in health and disease conditions, this review is focused on the controversies drawn from conclusions of recently published studies on issues such as the penetrability of nanoparticles into the brain, and whether active targeted drug delivery into the brain could be achieved with the use of nanoparticles. We also extended the review to cover novel non-nanoparticle strategies such as using viral and peptide vectors and other non-invasive techniques to enhance brain uptake of drugs.
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Rahiman N, Zamani P, Badiee A, Arabi L, Alavizadeh SH, Jaafari MR. An insight into the role of liposomal therapeutics in the reversion of Multiple Sclerosis. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:1795-1813. [PMID: 34747298 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.2003327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple Sclerosis (MS), as an autoimmune disease, has complicated immunopathology, which makes its management relevant to various factors. Novel pharmaceutical vehicles, especially liposomes, can support efficacious handling of this disease both in early detection and prognosis and also in a therapeutic manner. The most well-known trigger of MS onset is the predominance of cellular to humoral immunity and enhancement of inflammatory cytokines level. The installation of liposomes as nanoparticles to control this disease holds great promise up to now. AREAS COVERED Various types of liposomes with different properties and purposes have been formulated and targeted immune cells with their surface manipulations. They may be encapsulated with anti-inflammatory, MS-related therapeutics, or immunodominant myelin-specific peptides for attaining a higher therapeutic efficacy of the drugs or tolerance induction. Cationic liposomes are also highly applicable for gene delivery of the anti-inflammatory cytokines or silencing the inflammatory cytokines. Liposomes have also been used as biotools for comprehending MS pathomechanisms or as diagnostic agents. EXPERT OPINION The efforts to manage MS through nanomedicine, especially liposomal therapeutics, pave a new avenue to a high-throughput medication of this autoimmune disease and their translation to the clinic in the future for overcoming the challenges that MS patients confront.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parvin Zamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Badiee
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Arabi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Jaafari
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Juhairiyah F, de Lange ECM. Understanding Drug Delivery to the Brain Using Liposome-Based Strategies: Studies that Provide Mechanistic Insights Are Essential. AAPS J 2021; 23:114. [PMID: 34713363 PMCID: PMC8553706 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-021-00648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain drug delivery may be restricted by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and enhancement by liposome-based drug delivery strategies has been investigated. As access to the human brain is limited, many studies have been performed in experimental animals. Whereas providing interesting data, such studies have room for improvement to provide mechanistic insight into the rate and extent of specifically BBB transport and intrabrain distribution processes that all together govern CNS target delivery of the free drug. This review shortly summarizes BBB transport and current liposome-based strategies to overcome BBB transport restrictions, with the emphasis on how to determine the individual mechanisms that all together determine the time course of free drug brain concentrations, following their administration as such, and in liposomes. Animal studies using microdialysis providing time course information on unbound drug in plasma and brain are highlighted, as these provide the mechanistic information needed to understand BBB drug transport of the drug, and the impact of a liposomal formulations of that drug on BBB transport. Overall, these studies show that brain distribution of a drug administered as liposomal formulation depends on both drug properties and liposomal formulation characteristics. In general, evidence suggests that active transporters at the BBB, either being influx or efflux transporters, are circumvented by liposomes. It is concluded that liposomal formulations may provide interesting changes in BBB transport. More mechanistic studies are needed to understand relevant mechanisms in liposomal drug delivery to the brain, providing an improved basis for its prediction in human using animal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firda Juhairiyah
- Research Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elizabeth C M de Lange
- Research Division of Systems Biomedicine and Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Arora S, Sharma D, Layek B, Singh J. A Review of Brain-Targeted Nonviral Gene-Based Therapies for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:4237-4255. [PMID: 34705472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) are difficult to treat owing to the complexity of the brain and the presence of a natural blood-brain-barrier (BBB). Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the major progressive and currently incurable neurodegenerative disorders of the CNS, which accounts for 60-80% of cases of dementia. The pathophysiology of AD involves the accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain. Additionally, synaptic loss and imbalance of neuronal signaling molecules are characterized as important markers of AD. Existing treatments of AD help in the management of its symptoms and aim toward the maintenance of cognitive functions, behavior, and attenuation of gradual memory loss. Over the past decade, nonviral gene therapy has attracted increasing interest due to its various advantages over its viral counterparts. Moreover, advancements in nonviral gene technology have led to their increasing contributions in clinical trials. However, brain-targeted nonviral gene delivery vectors come across various extracellular and intracellular barriers, limiting their ability to transfer the therapeutic gene into the target cells. Chief barriers to nonviral gene therapy have been discussed briefly in this review. We have also highlighted the rapid advancement of several nonviral gene therapies for AD, which are broadly categorized into physical and chemical methods. These methods aim to modulate Aβ, beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), apolipoprotein E, or neurotrophic factors' expression in the CNS. Overall, this review discusses challenges and recent advancements of nonviral gene therapy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota 58105, United States
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Arora S, Singh J. In vitro and in vivo optimization of liposomal nanoparticles based brain targeted vgf gene therapy. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121095. [PMID: 34543617 PMCID: PMC8574129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vgf (non-acronymic), a neurotrophin stimulated protein which plays a crucial role in learning, synaptic activity, and neurogenesis, is markedly downregulated in the brain of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. However, since vgf is a large polar protein, a safe and efficient gene delivery vector is critical for its delivery across the blood brain barrier (BBB). This research work demonstrates brain-targeted liposomal nanoparticles optimized for delivering plasmid encoding vgf across BBB and transfecting brain cells. Brain targeting was achieved by surface functionalization using glucose transporter-1 targeting ligand (mannose) and brain targeted cell-penetrating peptides (chimeric rabies virus glycoprotein fragment, rabies virus derived peptide, penetratin peptide, or CGNHPHLAKYNGT peptide). The ligands were conjugated to lipid via nucleophilic substitution reaction resulting in >75% binding efficiency. The liposomes were formed by film hydration technique demonstrating size <200 nm, positive zeta potential (15-20 mV), and polydispersity index <0.3. The bifunctionalized liposomes demonstrated ∼3 pg/µg protein vgf transfection across in vitro BBB, and ∼80 pg/mg protein in mice brain which was 1.5-2 fold (p < 0.05) higher compared to untreated control. The nanoparticles were also biocompatible in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a safe and efficient gene delivery system to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105, ND, USA.
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Qiao H, Asayama S. Guanidinopropyl end‐modified poly(ethylene glycol) to form highly compact plasmid
DNA
mono‐ion complexes by thermal treatment. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Qiao
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan
| | - Shoichiro Asayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry Tokyo Metropolitan University Tokyo Japan
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Jeong SG, Ryu YC, Hwang BH. Synergistic gene delivery by self-assembled nanocomplexes using fusion peptide and calcium phosphate. J Control Release 2021; 338:284-294. [PMID: 34425165 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy can be a promising therapeutic approach to cure the fundamental causes of incurable genetic diseases. Because virus carriers are costly and can cause inflammation and immunogenicity, efficient non-viral carriers need to be developed for broader gene therapy applications. Therefore, we designed novel synergistic nanocomplexes for efficient transfection incorporated by the fusion of nuclear localization signal and cell-penetrating peptides with calcium phosphate. Fusion peptides were able to package large plasmid DNAs into nanocomplexes spontaneously and efficiently. After optimization, S-R/CaP or S-S/CaP nanocomplexes significantly improved specific luciferase expression up to 2-fold compared to Lipofectamine® 2000. In addition, the large Cas9-encoding plasmids were transfected into HEK293T cells more efficiently than Lipofectamine® 2000. Furthermore, subcutaneously injected cells to mice maintained more stable protein expression until 10 days than Lipofectamine® 2000. Moreover, the biocompatibility was revealed by observing negligible cytotoxicity, histological difference, and inflammatory cytokine release. Consequently, the new chimeric strategy will be an efficient and safe gene carrier into cells and tissues to treat various genetic diseases through gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soon Gil Jeong
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Chae Ryu
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Hee Hwang
- Department of Bioengineering and Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Division of Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea; Institute for New Drug Development, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Republic of Korea.
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Wang Y, Hu LF, Zhou TJ, Qi LY, Xing L, Lee J, Wang FZ, Oh YK, Jiang HL. Gene therapy strategies for rare monogenic disorders with nuclear or mitochondrial gene mutations. Biomaterials 2021; 277:121108. [PMID: 34478929 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Rare monogenic disorders are a group of single-gene-mutated diseases that have a low incidence rate (less than 0.5‰) and eventually lead to patient disability and even death. Due to the relatively low number of people affected, these diseases typically fail to attract a great deal of commercial investment and research interest, and the affected patients thus have unmet medical needs. Advances in genomics biology, gene editing, and gene delivery can now offer potentially effective options for treating rare monogenic diseases. Herein, we review the application of gene therapy strategies (traditional gene therapy and gene editing) against various rare monogenic diseases with nuclear or mitochondrial gene mutations, including eye, central nervous system, pulmonary, systemic, and blood cell diseases. We summarize their pathologic features, address the barriers to gene delivery for these diseases, discuss available therapies in the clinic and in clinical trials, and sum up in-development gene delivery systems for various rare monogenic disorders. Finally, we elaborate the possible directions and outlook of gene therapy for rare monogenic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Li-Fan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lian-Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Lei Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China
| | - Jaiwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Feng-Zhen Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Clinical School of Xuzhou Medical University, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, 221006, China.
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hu-Lin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmaceutics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, China; Key Lab of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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Islam Y, Leach AG, Smith J, Pluchino S, Coxon CR, Sivakumaran M, Downing J, Fatokun AA, Teixidò M, Ehtezazi T. Physiological and Pathological Factors Affecting Drug Delivery to the Brain by Nanoparticles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2002085. [PMID: 34105297 PMCID: PMC8188209 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurological/neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease is known to be increasing due to an aging population and is anticipated to further grow in the decades ahead. The treatment of brain diseases is challenging partly due to the inaccessibility of therapeutic agents to the brain. An increasingly important observation is that the physiology of the brain alters during many brain diseases, and aging adds even more to the complexity of the disease. There is a notion that the permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) increases with aging or disease, however, the body has a defense mechanism that still retains the separation of the brain from harmful chemicals in the blood. This makes drug delivery to the diseased brain, even more challenging and complex task. Here, the physiological changes to the diseased brain and aged brain are covered in the context of drug delivery to the brain using nanoparticles. Also, recent and novel approaches are discussed for the delivery of therapeutic agents to the diseased brain using nanoparticle based or magnetic resonance imaging guided systems. Furthermore, the complement activation, toxicity, and immunogenicity of brain targeting nanoparticles as well as novel in vitro BBB models are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamir Islam
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityByrom StreetLiverpoolL3 3AFUK
| | - Andrew G. Leach
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityByrom StreetLiverpoolL3 3AFUK
- Division of Pharmacy and OptometryThe University of ManchesterStopford Building, Oxford RoadManchesterM13 9PTUK
| | - Jayden Smith
- Cambridge Innovation Technologies Consulting (CITC) LimitedSt. John's Innovation CentreCowley RoadCambridgeCB4 0WSUK
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Department of Clinical NeurosciencesClifford Allbutt Building – Cambridge Biosciences Campus and NIHR Biomedical Research CentreUniversity of CambridgeHills RoadCambridgeCB2 0HAUK
| | - Christopher R. Coxon
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityByrom StreetLiverpoolL3 3AFUK
- School of Engineering and Physical SciencesHeriot‐Watt UniversityWilliam Perkin BuildingEdinburghEH14 4ASUK
| | - Muttuswamy Sivakumaran
- Department of HaematologyPeterborough City HospitalEdith Cavell CampusBretton Gate PeterboroughPeterboroughPE3 9GZUK
| | - James Downing
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityByrom StreetLiverpoolL3 3AFUK
| | - Amos A. Fatokun
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityByrom StreetLiverpoolL3 3AFUK
| | - Meritxell Teixidò
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST)Baldiri Reixac 10Barcelona08028Spain
| | - Touraj Ehtezazi
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesLiverpool John Moores UniversityByrom StreetLiverpoolL3 3AFUK
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A review on α-mangostin as a potential multi-target-directed ligand for Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 897:173950. [PMID: 33607107 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive memory loss, declining language skills and other cognitive disorders. AD has brought great mental and economic burden to patients, families and society. However due to the complexity of AD's pathology, drugs developed for the treatment of AD often fail in clinical or experimental trials. The main problems of current anti-AD drugs are low efficacy due to mono-target method or side effects, especially high hepatotoxicity. To tackle these two main problems, multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) based on "one molecule, multiple targets" has been studied. MTDLs can regulate multiple biological targets at the same time, so it has shown higher efficacy, better safety. As a natural active small molecule, α-mangostin (α-M) has shown potential multi-factor anti-AD activities in a series of studies, furthermore it also has a certain hepatoprotective effect. The good availability of α-M also provides support for its application in clinical research. In this work, multiple activities of α-M related to AD therapy were reviewed, which included anti-cholinesterase, anti-amyloid-cascade, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, low toxicity, hepatoprotective effects and drug formulation. It shows that α-M is a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Arora S, Layek B, Singh J. Design and Validation of Liposomal ApoE2 Gene Delivery System to Evade Blood-Brain Barrier for Effective Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:714-725. [PMID: 32787268 PMCID: PMC10292003 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeting gene-based therapeutics to the brain is a strategy actively sought to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent findings discovered the role of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) isoforms in the clearance of toxic amyloid beta proteins from the brain. ApoE2 isoform is beneficial for preventing AD development, whereas ApoE4 is a major contributing factor to the disease. In this paper, we demonstrated efficient brain-targeted delivery of ApoE2 encoding plasmid DNA (pApoE2) using glucose transporter-1 (glut-1) targeted liposomes. Liposomes were surface-functionalized with a glut-1 targeting ligand mannose (MAN) and a cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) to enhance brain-targeting and cellular internalization, respectively. Among various CPPs, rabies virus glycoprotein peptide (RVG) or penetratin (Pen) was selected as a cell-penetration enhancer. Dual (RVGMAN and PenMAN)-functionalized liposomes were cytocompatible at 100 nM phospholipid concentration and demonstrated significantly higher expression of ApoE2 in bEnd.3 cells, primary neurons, and astrocytes compared to monofunctionalized and unmodified (plain) liposomes. Dual-modified liposomes also showed ∼2 times higher protein expression than other formulation controls in neurons cultured below the in vitro BBB model. These results translated well to in vivo efficacy study with significantly higher transfection of pApoE2 in the C57BL/6 mice brain following single tail vein administration of RVGMAN and PenMAN functionalized liposomes without any noticeable signs of toxicity. These results illustrate the potential of surface-modified liposomes for safe and brain-targeted delivery of the pApoE2 gene for effective AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58105 North Dakota, United States
| | - Buddhadev Layek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58105 North Dakota, United States
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58105 North Dakota, United States
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Zhou X, Smith QR, Liu X. Brain penetrating peptides and peptide-drug conjugates to overcome the blood-brain barrier and target CNS diseases. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1695. [PMID: 33470550 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nearly one in six people worldwide suffer from disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). There is an urgent need for effective strategies to improve the success rates in CNS drug discovery and development. The lack of effective technologies for delivering drugs and genes to the brain due to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a structural barrier that effectively blocks most neurotherapeutic agents from reaching the brain, has posed a formidable hurdle for CNS drug development. Brain-homing and brain-penetrating molecular transport vectors, such as brain permeable peptides or BBB shuttle peptides, have shown promise in overcoming the BBB and ferrying the drug molecules to the brain. The BBB shuttle peptides are discovered by phage display technology or derived from natural neurotropic proteins or certain viruses and harness the receptor-mediated transcytosis molecular machinery for crossing the BBB. Brain permeable peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), composed of BBB shuttle peptides, linkers, and drug molecules, have emerged as a promising CNS drug delivery system by taking advantage of the endogenous transcytosis mechanism and tricking the brain into allowing these bioactive molecules to pass the BBB. Here, we examine the latest development of brain-penetrating peptide shuttles and brain-permeable PDCs as molecular vectors to deliver small molecule drug payloads across the BBB to reach brain parenchyma. Emerging knowledge of the contribution of the peptides and their specific receptors expressed on the brain endothelial cells, choice of drug payloads, the design of PDCs, brain entry mechanisms, and delivery efficiency to the brain are highlighted. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhou
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Quentin R Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Xinli Liu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
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Sharma D, Arora S, Banerjee A, Singh J. Improved insulin sensitivity in obese-diabetic mice via chitosan Nanomicelles mediated silencing of pro-inflammatory Adipocytokines. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 33:102357. [PMID: 33460779 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2020.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity induced chronic low-level inflammation is strongly associated with the development of insulin resistance and progression of type-2 diabetes. Systemic treatment with anti-inflammatory therapeutics requires high doses and is associated with serious adverse effects owing to generalized suppression of the immune system. Here we study localized knockdown of pro-inflammatory adipocytokines in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) and adipocytes using RNA interference for the treatment of insulin resistance. Chitosan nanomicelles conjugated to ATM and adipocyte targeting ligands were used to transfect short hairpin RNA (shRNA) against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Subcutaneous administration of nanomicellar/pDNA polyplexes in obese-diabetic mice resulted in decreased concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNFα, MCP-1, IL-6, and IL-1β along with increased concentration of insulin-sensitizing adipokine adiponectin. Downregulation of inflammatory cytokines resulted in improved insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance for up to six-weeks following single dose, compared to untreated obese-diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Sanjay Arora
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Amrita Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA
| | - Jagdish Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Professions, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
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Mori A, Kobayashi Y, Nirasawa K, Negishi Y, Asayama S. Structure-Activity Relationship of Mono-Ion Complexes for Plasmid DNA Delivery by Muscular Injection. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010078. [PMID: 33430003 PMCID: PMC7828051 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure-activity relationship of mono-ion complexes (MICs) for plasmid DNA (pDNA) delivery by muscular injection is demonstrated. MICs were formed between pDNA and monocationic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) macromolecules. As monocationic PEGs, the ω-amide-pentylimidazolium (APe-Im) end-modified PEGs with a stable amide (Am) and hydrolytic ester (Es) bond, that is, APe-Im-Am-PEG and APe-Im-Es-PEG, respectively, are synthesized. The difference between the APe-Im-Am-PEG and APe-Im-Es-PEG was only a spacer structure between a terminal cation and a PEG chain. The resulting pDNA MICs with APe-Im-Am-PEG at a charge ratio (+/-) of 32 or 64 were more stable than those with APe-Im-Es-PEG in the presence of serum proteins. The highest gene expression by muscular injection was achieved using the APe-Im-Am-PEG/pDNA MIC at a charge ratio (+/-) of 32 with a smaller particle diameter of approximately 50 nm, as compared to that charge ratio of 64. Consequently, the pDNA MIC with the monocationic PEG with a stable amide spacer, as compared to a hydrolytic ester spacer, is considered to be suitable for the highest gene expression by muscular injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amika Mori
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Yuki Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Kei Nirasawa
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoichi Negishi
- Department of Drug Delivery and Molecular Biopharmaceutics, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.N.)
| | - Shoichiro Asayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0397, Japan; (A.M.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-677-1111 (ext. 4976)
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Cascione M, De Matteis V, Leporatti S, Rinaldi R. The New Frontiers in Neurodegenerative Diseases Treatment: Liposomal-Based Strategies. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:566767. [PMID: 33195128 PMCID: PMC7649361 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.566767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, the onset of neurodegenerative (ND) diseases is strongly widespread due to the age increase of the world population. Despite the intensive investigations boosted by the scientific community, an efficacious therapy has not been outlined yet. The drugs commonly used are only able to relieve symptom severity; following their oral or intravenous administration routes, their effectiveness is strictly limited due to their low ability to reach the Central Nervous System (CNS) overcoming the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB). Starting from these assumptions, the engineered-nanocarriers, such as lipid-nanocarriers, are suitable agents to enhance the delivery of drugs into the CNS due to their high solubility, bioavailability, and stability. Liposomal delivery systems are considered to be the ideal carriers, not only for conventional drugs but also for neuroprotective small molecules and green-extracted compounds. In the current work, the LP-based drug delivery improvements in in vivo applications against ND disorders were carefully assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariafrancesca Cascione
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi," University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Valeria De Matteis
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi," University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Leporatti
- National Research Council Nanotec Institute of Nanotechnology, Lecce, Italy
| | - Rosaria Rinaldi
- Department of Mathematics and Physics "Ennio De Giorgi," University of Salento, Lecce, Italy
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Xiao S, Chen L. The emerging landscape of nanotheranostic-based diagnosis and therapy for osteoarthritis. J Control Release 2020; 328:817-833. [PMID: 33176171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease involving numerous joint tissues and cells, with a growing rate in prevalence that ultimately results in a negative social impact. Early diagnosis, OA progression monitoring and effective treatment are of significant importance in halting OA process. However, traditional imaging techniques lack sensitivity and specificity, which lead to a delay in timely clinical intervention. Additionally, current treatments only slow the progression of OA but have not meet the largely medical need for disease-modifying therapy. In order to overcome the above-mentioned problems and improve clinical efficacy, nanotheranostics has been proposed on OA remedy, which has confirmed success in animal models. In this review, different imaging targets-based nanoprobe for early and timely OA diagnosis is first discussed. Second, therapeutic strategies delivered by nanosystem are summarized as much as possible. Their advantages and the potential for clinical translation are detailed discussed. Third, nanomedicine simultaneously combined with the imaging for OA treatment is introduced. Nanotheranostics dynamically tracked the OA treatment outcomes to timely and individually adjust therapy. Finally, future prospects and challenges of nanotechnology-based OA diagnosis, imaging and treatment are concluded and predicted. It is believed that nanoprobe and nanomedicine will become prospective in OA therapeutic revolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China; Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, PR China.
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