1
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Na L, Fan F. Advances in nanobubbles for cancer theranostics: Delivery, imaging and therapy. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 226:116341. [PMID: 38848778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Maximizing treatment efficacy and forecasting patient prognosis in cancer necessitates the strategic use of targeted therapy, coupled with the prompt precise detection of malignant tumors. Theutilizationof gaseous systems as an adaptable platform for creating nanobubbles (NBs) has garnered significant attention as theranostics, which involve combining contrast chemicals typically used for imaging with pharmaceuticals to diagnose and treattumorssynergistically in apersonalizedmanner for each patient. This review specifically examines the utilization of oxygen NBsplatforms as a theranostic weapon in the field of oncology. We thoroughly examine the key factors that impact the effectiveness of NBs preparations and the consequences of these treatment methods. This review extensively examines recent advancements in composition schemes, advanced developments in pre-clinical phases, and other groundbreaking inventions in the area of NBs. Moreover, this review offers a thorough examination of the optimistic future possibilities, addressing prospective methods for improvement and incorporation into widely accepted therapeutic practices. As we explore the ever-changing field of cancer theranostics, the incorporation of oxygen NBs appears as a promising development, providing new opportunities for precision medicine and marking a revolutionary age in cancer research and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Na
- Ultrasound Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China.
| | - Fan Fan
- School of Automation, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an 710121, China.
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2
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Berdecka D, De Smedt SC, De Vos WH, Braeckmans K. Non-viral delivery of RNA for therapeutic T cell engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2024; 208:115215. [PMID: 38401848 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2024.115215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell transfer has shown great success in treating blood cancers, resulting in a growing number of FDA-approved therapies using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered T cells. However, the effectiveness of this treatment for solid tumors is still not satisfactory, emphasizing the need for improved T cell engineering strategies and combination approaches. Currently, CAR T cells are mainly manufactured using gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors due to their high transduction efficiency. However, there are concerns about their safety, the high cost of producing them in compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP), regulatory obstacles, and limited cargo capacity, which limit the broader use of engineered T cell therapies. To overcome these limitations, researchers have explored non-viral approaches, such as membrane permeabilization and carrier-mediated methods, as more versatile and sustainable alternatives for next-generation T cell engineering. Non-viral delivery methods can be designed to transport a wide range of molecules, including RNA, which allows for more controlled and safe modulation of T cell phenotype and function. In this review, we provide an overview of non-viral RNA delivery in adoptive T cell therapy. We first define the different types of RNA therapeutics, highlighting recent advancements in manufacturing for their therapeutic use. We then discuss the challenges associated with achieving effective RNA delivery in T cells. Next, we provide an overview of current and emerging technologies for delivering RNA into T cells. Finally, we discuss ongoing preclinical and clinical studies involving RNA-modified T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Berdecka
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Winnok H De Vos
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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3
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Zhou Q, Liu Q, Wang Y, Chen J, Schmid O, Rehberg M, Yang L. Bridging Smart Nanosystems with Clinically Relevant Models and Advanced Imaging for Precision Drug Delivery. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308659. [PMID: 38282076 PMCID: PMC11005737 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery of nano-drug-carriers (NDC) to specific cells, diseased regions, or solid tumors has entered the era of precision medicine that requires systematic knowledge of nano-biological interactions from multidisciplinary perspectives. To this end, this review first provides an overview of membrane-disruption methods such as electroporation, sonoporation, photoporation, microfluidic delivery, and microinjection with the merits of high-throughput and enhanced efficiency for in vitro NDC delivery. The impact of NDC characteristics including particle size, shape, charge, hydrophobicity, and elasticity on cellular uptake are elaborated and several types of NDC systems aiming for hierarchical targeting and delivery in vivo are reviewed. Emerging in vitro or ex vivo human/animal-derived pathophysiological models are further explored and highly recommended for use in NDC studies since they might mimic in vivo delivery features and fill the translational gaps from animals to humans. The exploration of modern microscopy techniques for precise nanoparticle (NP) tracking at the cellular, organ, and organismal levels informs the tailored development of NDCs for in vivo application and clinical translation. Overall, the review integrates the latest insights into smart nanosystem engineering, physiological models, imaging-based validation tools, all directed towards enhancing the precise and efficient intracellular delivery of NDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Zhou
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Forensic PathologyWest China School of Preclinical and Forensic MedicineSichuan UniversityNo. 17 Third Renmin Road NorthChengdu610041China
- Burning Rock BiotechBuilding 6, Phase 2, Standard Industrial Unit, No. 7 LuoXuan 4th Road, International Biotech IslandGuangzhou510300China
| | - Qiongliang Liu
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
- Department of Thoracic SurgeryShanghai General HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai200080China
| | - Yan Wang
- Qingdao Central HospitalUniversity of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Central Medical Group)Qingdao266042China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory MedicineNational Key Clinical SpecialtyBranch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory DiseaseXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Center of Respiratory MedicineXiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan410008China
- Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases in Hunan ProvinceChangshaHunan410008China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Diagnosis and Treatment of Respiratory DiseaseChangshaHunan410008China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric DisordersXiangya HospitalChangshaHunan410008P. R. China
| | - Otmar Schmid
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Markus Rehberg
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity (LHI), Helmholtz MunichComprehensive Pneumology Center (CPC‐M)Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL)85764MunichGermany
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4
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Ruhoff V, Arastoo MR, Moreno-Pescador G, Bendix PM. Biological Applications of Thermoplasmonics. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:777-789. [PMID: 38183300 PMCID: PMC10811673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Thermoplasmonics has emerged as an extraordinarily versatile tool with profound applications across various biological domains ranging from medical science to cell biology and biophysics. The key feature of nanoscale plasmonic heating involves remote activation of heating by applying laser irradiation to plasmonic nanostructures that are designed to optimally convert light into heat. This unique capability paves the way for a diverse array of applications, facilitating the exploration of critical biological processes such as cell differentiation, repair, signaling, and protein functionality, and the advancement of biosensing techniques. Of particular significance is the rapid heat cycling that can be achieved through thermoplasmonics, which has ushered in remarkable technical innovations such as accelerated amplification of DNA through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Finally, medical applications of photothermal therapy have recently completed clinical trials with remarkable results in prostate cancer, which will inevitably lead to the implementation of photothermal therapy for a number of diseases in the future. Within this review, we offer a survey of the latest advancements in the burgeoning field of thermoplasmonics, with a keen emphasis on its transformative applications within the realm of biosciences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Reza Arastoo
- Niels
Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Guillermo Moreno-Pescador
- Niels
Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
- Copenhagen
Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Poul Martin Bendix
- Niels
Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
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5
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Van de Vyver T, Muntean C, Efimova I, Krysko DV, De Backer L, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. The alpha-adrenergic antagonist prazosin promotes cytosolic siRNA delivery from lysosomal compartments. J Control Release 2023; 364:142-158. [PMID: 37816483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
The widespread use of small interfering RNA (siRNA) is limited by the multiple extra- and intracellular barriers upon in vivo administration. Hence, suitable delivery systems, based on siRNA encapsulation in nanoparticles or its conjugation to targeting ligands, have been developed. Nevertheless, at the intracellular level, these state-of-the-art delivery systems still suffer from a low endosomal escape efficiency. Consequently, the bulk of the endocytosed siRNA drug rapidly accumulates in the lysosomal compartment. We recently reported that a wide variety of cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) can promote small nucleic acid delivery from the endolysosomal compartment into the cytosol via transient induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Here, we describe the identification of alternate siRNA delivery enhancers from the NIH Clinical Compound Collection that do not have the typical physicochemical properties of CADs. Additionally, we demonstrate improved endolysosomal escape of siRNA via a cholesterol conjugate and polymeric carriers with the α1-adrenergic antagonist prazosin, which was identified as the best performing delivery enhancer from the compound screen. A more detailed assessment of the mode-of-action of prazosin suggests that a different cellular phenotype compared to typical CAD adjuvants drives cytosolic siRNA delivery. As it has been described in the literature that prazosin also induces cancer cell apoptosis and promotes antigen cross-presentation in dendritic cells, the proof-of-concept data in this work provides opportunities for the repurposing of prazosin in an anti-cancer combination strategy with siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Van de Vyver
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Cristina Muntean
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Iuliia Efimova
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Cell Death Investigation and Therapy Laboratory, Department of Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Pathophysiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Lynn De Backer
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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6
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Byun J, Wu Y, Park J, Kim JS, Li Q, Choi J, Shin N, Lan M, Cai Y, Lee J, Oh YK. RNA Nanomedicine: Delivery Strategies and Applications. AAPS J 2023; 25:95. [PMID: 37784005 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-023-00860-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Delivery of RNA using nanomaterials has emerged as a new modality to expand therapeutic applications in biomedical research. However, the delivery of RNA presents unique challenges due to its susceptibility to degradation and the requirement for efficient intracellular delivery. The integration of nanotechnologies with RNA delivery has addressed many of these challenges. In this review, we discuss different strategies employed in the design and development of nanomaterials for RNA delivery. We also highlight recent advances in the pharmaceutical applications of RNA delivered via nanomaterials. Various nanomaterials, such as lipids, polymers, peptides, nucleic acids, and inorganic nanomaterials, have been utilized for delivering functional RNAs, including messenger RNA (mRNA), small interfering RNA, single guide RNA, and microRNA. Furthermore, the utilization of nanomaterials has expanded the applications of functional RNA as active pharmaceutical ingredients. For instance, the delivery of antigen-encoding mRNA using nanomaterials enables the transient expression of vaccine antigens, leading to immunogenicity and prevention against infectious diseases. Additionally, nanomaterial-mediated RNA delivery has been investigated for engineering cells to express exogenous functional proteins. Nanomaterials have also been employed for co-delivering single guide RNA and mRNA to facilitate gene editing of genetic diseases. Apart from the progress made in RNA medicine, we discuss the current challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Byun
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Yina Wu
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinwon Park
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Suk Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Qiaoyun Li
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyun Choi
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Namjo Shin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Meng Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yu Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jaiwoo Lee
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yu-Kyoung Oh
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Fraire JC, Guix M, Hortelao AC, Ruiz-González N, Bakenecker AC, Ramezani P, Hinnekens C, Sauvage F, De Smedt SC, Braeckmans K, Sánchez S. Light-Triggered Mechanical Disruption of Extracellular Barriers by Swarms of Enzyme-Powered Nanomotors for Enhanced Delivery. ACS NANO 2023; 17:7180-7193. [PMID: 37058432 PMCID: PMC10134497 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Targeted drug delivery depends on the ability of nanocarriers to reach the target site, which requires the penetration of different biological barriers. Penetration is usually low and slow because of passive diffusion and steric hindrance. Nanomotors (NMs) have been suggested as the next generation of nanocarriers in drug delivery due to their autonomous motion and associated mixing hydrodynamics, especially when acting collectively as a swarm. Here, we explore the concept of enzyme-powered NMs designed as such that they can exert disruptive mechanical forces upon laser irradiation. The urease-powered motion and swarm behavior improve translational movement compared to passive diffusion of state-of-the-art nanocarriers, while optically triggered vapor nanobubbles can destroy biological barriers and reduce steric hindrance. We show that these motors, named Swarm 1, collectively displace through a microchannel blocked with type 1 collagen protein fibers (barrier model), accumulate onto the fibers, and disrupt them completely upon laser irradiation. We evaluate the disruption of the microenvironment induced by these NMs (Swarm 1) by quantifying the efficiency by which a second type of fluorescent NMs (Swarm 2) can move through the cleared microchannel and be taken up by HeLa cells at the other side of the channel. Experiments showed that the delivery efficiency of Swarm 2 NMs in a clean path was increased 12-fold in the presence of urea as fuel compared to when no fuel was added. When the path was blocked with the collagen fibers, delivery efficiency dropped considerably and only depicted a 10-fold enhancement after pretreatment of the collagen-filled channel with Swarm 1 NMs and laser irradiation. The synergistic effect of active motion (chemically propelled) and mechanical disruption (light-triggered nanobubbles) of a biological barrier represents a clear advantage for the improvement of therapies which currently fail due to inadequate passage of drug delivery carriers through biological barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Fraire
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maria Guix
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Departament
de Ciéncia dels Materials i Química Física,
Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana C. Hortelao
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Noelia Ruiz-González
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Anna C. Bakenecker
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Pouria Ramezani
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Hinnekens
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Félix Sauvage
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C. De Smedt
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory
for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Samuel Sánchez
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Baldiri i Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona Spain
- Catalan
Institute for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
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8
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Hansen HHWB, Cha H, Ouyang L, Zhang J, Jin B, Stratton H, Nguyen NT, An H. Nanobubble technologies: Applications in therapy from molecular to cellular level. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 63:108091. [PMID: 36592661 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nanobubbles are gaseous entities suspended in bulk liquids that have widespread beneficial usage in many industries. Nanobubbles are already proving to be versatile in furthering the effectiveness of disease treatment on cellular and molecular levels. They are functionalized with biocompatible and stealth surfaces to aid in the delivery of drugs. At the same time, nanobubbles serve as imaging agents due to the echogenic properties of the gas core, which can also be utilized for controlled and targeted delivery. This review provides an overview of the biomedical applications of nanobubbles, covering their preparation and characterization methods, discussing where the research is currently focused, and how they will help shape the future of biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena H W B Hansen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Haotian Cha
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Lingxi Ouyang
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Jun Zhang
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Bo Jin
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Helen Stratton
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
| | - Hongjie An
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia.
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9
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Layachi M, Treizebré A, Hay L, Gilbert D, Pesez J, D’Acremont Q, Braeckmans K, Thommen Q, Courtade E. Novel opto-fluidic drug delivery system for efficient cellular transfection. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:43. [PMID: 36747263 PMCID: PMC9901003 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01797-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular drug delivery is at the heart of many diagnosis procedures and a key step in gene therapy. Research has been conducted to bypass cell barriers for controlled intracellular drug release and made consistent progress. However, state-of-the-art techniques based on non-viral carriers or physical methods suffer several drawbacks, including limited delivery yield, low throughput or low viability, which are key parameters in therapeutics, diagnostics and drug delivery. Nevertheless, gold nanoparticle (AuNP) mediated photoporation has stood out as a promising approach to permeabilize cell membranes through laser induced Vapour NanoBubble (VNB) generation, allowing the influx of external cargo molecules into cells. However, its use as a transfection technology for the genetic manipulation of therapeutic cells is hindered by the presence of non-degradable gold nanoparticles. Here, we report a new optofluidic method bringing gold nanoparticles in close proximity to cells for photoporation, while avoiding direct contact with cells by taking advantage of hydrodynamic focusing in a multi-flow device. Cells were successfully photoporated with [Formula: see text] efficiency with no significant reduction in cell viability at a throughput ranging from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. This optofluidic approach provides prospects of translating photoporation from an R &D setting to clinical use for producing genetically engineered therapeutic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Layachi
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France ,grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Institut d’Électronique, de
Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR CNRS 8520, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France ,grid.121334.60000 0001 2097 0141Present Address: Laboratoire Charles Coulomb - UMR 5221, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anthony Treizebré
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France ,grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Institut d’Électronique, de
Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR CNRS 8520, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Laurent Hay
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - David Gilbert
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Jean Pesez
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Quentin D’Acremont
- grid.464109.e0000 0004 0638 7509Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- grid.5342.00000 0001 2069 7798Laboratory for General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Quentin Thommen
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780CANTHER - Cancer
Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies - UMR9020-UMR1277, Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Emmanuel Courtade
- Laboratoire Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules - UMR 8523, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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10
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Nanomaterial-mediated photoporation for intracellular delivery. Acta Biomater 2023; 157:24-48. [PMID: 36584801 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Translocation of extrinsic molecules into living cells is becoming increasingly crucial in biological studies ranging from cell engineering to biomedical applications. The concerns regarding biosafety and immunogenicity for conventional vectors and physical methods yet challenge effective intracellular delivery. Here, we begin with an overview of approaches for trans-membrane delivery up to now. These methods are featured with a relatively mature application but usually encounter low cell survival. Our review then proposes an advanced application for nanomaterial-sensitized photoporation triggered with a laser. We cover the mechanisms, procedures, and outcomes of photoporation-induced intracellular delivery with a highlight on its versatility to different living cells. We hope the review discussed here encourages researchers to further improvement and applications for photoporation-induced intracellular delivery. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE.
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11
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Dehariya D, Eswar K, Tarafdar A, Balusamy S, Rengan AK. Recent Advances of Nanobubble-based systems in Cancer Therapeutics: A Review. BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bea.2023.100080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
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12
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Ponzio RA, Ibarra LE, Achilli EE, Odella E, Chesta CA, Martínez SR, Palacios RE. Sweet light o' mine: Photothermal and photodynamic inactivation of tenacious pathogens using conjugated polymers. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112510. [PMID: 36049287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Each year a rising number of infections can not be successfully treated owing to the increasing pandemic of antibiotic resistant pathogens. The global shortage of innovative antibiotics fuels the emergence and spread of drug resistant microbes. Basic research, development, and applications of alternative therapies are urgently needed. Since the 90´s, light-mediated therapies have promised to be the next frontier combating multidrug-resistance microbes. These platforms have demonstrated to be a reliable, rapid, and efficient alternative to eliminate tenacious pathogens while avoiding the emergence of resistance mechanisms. Among the materials showing antimicrobial activity triggered by light, conjugated polymers (CPs) have risen as the most promising option to tackle this complex situation. These materials present outstanding characteristics such as high absorption coefficients, great photostability, easy processability, low cytotoxicity, among others, turning them into a powerful class of photosensitizer (PS)/photothermal agent (PTA) materials. Herein, we summarize and discuss the advances in the field of CPs with applications in photodynamic inactivation and photothermal therapy towards bacteria elimination. Additionally, a section of current challenges and needs in terms of well-defined benchmark experiments and conditions to evaluate the efficiency of phototherapies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Ponzio
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Luis E Ibarra
- Instituto de Biotecnología Ambiental y Salud (INBIAS), UNRC y CONICET, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Estefanía E Achilli
- Laboratorio de Materiales Biotecnológicos (LaMaBio), Universidad Nacional de Quilmes-IMBICE (CONICET), Bernal B1876BXD, Argentina
| | - Emmanuel Odella
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Carlos A Chesta
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Sol R Martínez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
| | - Rodrigo E Palacios
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnologías Energéticas y Materiales Avanzados (IITEMA), Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto (UNRC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina; Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicoquímicas y Naturales, UNRC, Río Cuarto X5804BYA, Córdoba, Argentina.
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Peynshaert K, Vanluchene H, De Clerck K, Minnaert AK, Verhoeven M, Gouspillou N, Bostan N, Hisatomi T, Accou G, Sauvage F, Braeckmans K, De Smedt S, Remaut K. ICG-mediated photodisruption of the inner limiting membrane enhances retinal drug delivery. J Control Release 2022; 349:315-326. [PMID: 35803327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Many groundbreaking therapies for the treatment of blindness require delivery of biologics or cells to the inner retina by intravitreal injection. Unfortunately, the advancement of these therapies is greatly hampered by delivery difficulties where obstruction of the therapeutics at the inner limiting membrane (ILM) represents the dominant bottleneck. In this proof-of-principle study, we explore an innovative light-based approach to locally ablate the ILM in a minimally invasive and highly controlled manner, thus making the ILM more permeable for therapeutics. More specifically, we demonstrate that pulsed laser irradiation of ILM-bound indocyanine green (ICG), a clinically applied ILM dye, results in the formation of vapor nanobubbles which can disrupt the bovine ILM as well as the extraordinary thick human ILM. We have observed that this photodisruption allows for highly successful retinal delivery of model nanoparticles which are otherwise blocked by the intact ILM. Strikingly, this treatment is furthermore able of enhancing the efficacy of mRNA-loaded lipid nanoparticles within the bovine retina by a factor of 5. In conclusion, this study provides evidence for a light-based approach to overcome the ILM which has the potential to improve the efficacy of all retinal therapies hampered by this delivery barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Peynshaert
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Helena Vanluchene
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kaat De Clerck
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - An-Katrien Minnaert
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Morgane Verhoeven
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Noémie Gouspillou
- University of Lille, Departement of Physics, Building P5, Avenue Jean Perrin, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Nezahat Bostan
- Biobank Antwerp University Hospital, Drie Eikenstraat 655, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Toshio Hisatomi
- Fukuoka University Chikushi Hospital, Chikushino, Fukuoka 818-8502, Japan
| | - Geraldine Accou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Félix Sauvage
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Katrien Remaut
- Lab of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Yan Y, Zhang G, Wu C, Ren Q, Liu X, Huang F, Cao Y, Ye W. Structural Exploration of Polycationic Nanoparticles for siRNA Delivery. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:1964-1974. [PMID: 35380797 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising approach to the treatment of genetic diseases by the specific knockdown of target genes. Functional polymers are potential vehicles for the effective delivery of vulnerable small interfering RNA (siRNA), which is required for the broad application of RNAi-based therapeutics. The development of methods for the facile modulation of chemical structures of polymeric carriers and an elucidation of detailed delivery mechanisms remain important areas of research. In this paper, we synthesized a series of methacrylate-based polymers with controllable structures and narrow distributions by atom transfer radical polymerization using various combinations of cationic monomers (2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, 2-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate, and 2-dibutylaminoethyl methacrylate) and hydrophobic monomers (2-butyl methacrylate (BMA), cyclohexyl methacrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate). These polymers exhibited varying hydrophobicities, charge densities, and pKa values, enabling the discovery of effective carriers for siRNA by in vitro delivery assays. For the polymers with BMA segments, 50% of cationic segments were beneficial to the formation of siRNA nanoparticles (NPs) and the in vitro delivery of siRNA. The optimal ratio varied for different combinations of cationic and hydrophobic segments. In particular, 20k PMB 0.5, PME 0.5, and PEB 1.0 showed >75% luciferase knockdown. Efficacious delivery was dependent on high siRNA binding, the small size of NPs, and balanced hydrophobicity and charge density. Cellular uptake and endosomal escape experiments indicated that carboxybetaine modification of 20k PMB 0.5 did not remarkably affect the internalization of corresponding NPs after incubation for 6 h but significantly reduced the endosomal escape of NPs, which leads to the notable decrease in delivery efficacy of polymers. These results provide insights into the mechanism of polymer-based siRNA delivery and may inspire the development of novel polymeric carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yan
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Chengfan Wu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Qidi Ren
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiaomin Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Fangqian Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Yi Cao
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Wenbo Ye
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
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Chen N, He Y, Zang M, Zhang Y, Lu H, Zhao Q, Wang S, Gao Y. Approaches and materials for endocytosis-independent intracellular delivery of proteins. Biomaterials 2022; 286:121567. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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16
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Light triggered nanoscale biolistics for efficient intracellular delivery of functional macromolecules in mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1996. [PMID: 35422038 PMCID: PMC9010410 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biolistic intracellular delivery of functional macromolecules makes use of dense microparticles which are ballistically fired onto cells with a pressurized gun. While it has been used to transfect plant cells, its application to mammalian cells has met with limited success mainly due to high toxicity. Here we present a more refined nanotechnological approach to biolistic delivery with light-triggered self-assembled nanobombs (NBs) that consist of a photothermal core particle surrounded by smaller nanoprojectiles. Upon irradiation with pulsed laser light, fast heating of the core particle results in vapor bubble formation, which propels the nanoprojectiles through the cell membrane of nearby cells. We show successful transfection of both adherent and non-adherent cells with mRNA and pDNA, outperforming electroporation as the most used physical transfection technology by a factor of 5.5–7.6 in transfection yield. With a throughput of 104-105 cells per second, biolistic delivery with NBs offers scalable and highly efficient transfections of mammalian cells. Ballistic delivery with micro/nano-particles has been successfully used to transfect plant cells, however, has failed in mammalian cells due to toxic effects. Here, the authors report on a self-assembled nano-ballistic delivery system for the delivery of functional macromolecules and demonstrate efficient transfection of mammalian cells.
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Qu Y, Lu K, Zheng Y, Huang C, Wang G, Zhang Y, Yu Q. Photothermal scaffolds/surfaces for regulation of cell behaviors. Bioact Mater 2022; 8:449-477. [PMID: 34541413 PMCID: PMC8429475 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulation of cell behaviors and even cell fates is of great significance in diverse biomedical applications such as cancer treatment, cell-based therapy, and tissue engineering. During the past decades, diverse methods have been developed to regulate cell behaviors such as applying external stimuli, delivering exogenous molecules into cell interior and changing the physicochemical properties of the substrates where cells adhere. Photothermal scaffolds/surfaces refer to a kind of materials embedded or coated with photothermal agents that can absorb light with proper wavelength (usually in near infrared region) and convert light energy to heat; the generated heat shows great potential for regulation of cell behaviors in different ways. In the current review, we summarize the recent research progress, especially over the past decade, of using photothermal scaffolds/surfaces to regulate cell behaviors, which could be further categorized into three types: (i) killing the tumor cells via hyperthermia or thermal ablation, (ii) engineering cells by intracellular delivery of exogenous molecules via photothermal poration of cell membranes, and (iii) releasing a single cell or an intact cell sheet via modulation of surface physicochemical properties in response to heat. In the end, challenges and perspectives in these areas are commented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangcui Qu
- College of Biomedical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, PR China
| | - Kunyan Lu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Yanjun Zheng
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
| | - Chaobo Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, PR China
| | - Guannan Wang
- College of Biomedical Engineering & the Key Laboratory for Medical Functional Nanomaterials, Jining Medical University, Jining, 272067, PR China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital & Institute for Cardiovascular Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, PR China
| | - Qian Yu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, PR China
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Transient nuclear lamin A/C accretion aids in recovery from vapor nanobubble-induced permeabilisation of the plasma membrane. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:23. [PMID: 34984553 PMCID: PMC8727414 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04099-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Vapor nanobubble (VNB) photoporation is a physical method for intracellular delivery that has gained significant interest in the past decade. It has successfully been used to introduce molecular cargo of diverse nature into different cell types with high throughput and minimal cytotoxicity. For translational purposes, it is important to understand whether and how photoporation affects cell homeostasis. To obtain a comprehensive view on the transcriptional rewiring that takes place after VNB photoporation, we performed a longitudinal shotgun RNA-sequencing experiment. Six hours after photoporation, we found a marked upregulation of LMNA transcripts as well as their protein products, the A-type lamins. At the same time point, we observed a significant increase in several heterochromatin marks, suggesting a global stiffening of the nucleus. These molecular features vanished 24 h after photoporation. Since VNB-induced chromatin condensation was prolonged in LMNA knockout cells, A-type lamins may be required for restoring the nucleus to its original state. Selective depletion of A-type lamins reduced cell viability after VNB photoporation, while pharmacological stimulation of LMNA transcription increased the percentage of successfully transfected cells that survived after photoporation. Therefore, our results suggest that cells respond to VNB photoporation by temporary upregulation of A-type lamins to facilitate their recovery.
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Gettemans J. Site-Specific Fluorescent Labeling, Single-Step Immunocytochemistry, and Delivery of Nanobodies into Living Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2446:373-393. [PMID: 35157284 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2075-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The smallest natural antibody fragments currently available are single-domain antibodies obtained from camelid species and sharks (variable new antigen receptors). These molecules consist of a single amino acid chain of ~120 amino acids that adopts a typical immunoglobulin fold. Single-domain antibodies (nanobodies) are monovalent and can be isolated from immunized animals, from naïve libraries, or from synthetic libraries. Importantly, their complete DNA sequences are readily obtained by default, which greatly facilitates their rapid manipulation for various applications. Here, a PCR-based protocol for inserting a sortase A recognition sequence at the carboxy-terminus of a nanobody is described. Subsequently, a sortase A-catalyzed biochemical reaction results in tagging of the nanobody with a short carboxy-terminal amino acid sequence that carries a non-canonical residue (propargyl glycine). This allows click chemistry to be performed with an azido-derivatized fluorophore, with the ensuing fluorescent nanobody being covalently and site-specifically labeled. The labeled nanobody can be used directly for immunocytochemistry, omitting the classical secondary antibody step. Also described are methods for delivery of fluorescent nanobodies into the cytoplasm of mammalian cells by photoporation, a very low-toxicity approach involving laser light and graphene quantum dots. The combined protocol embodies a novel route for studying protein function in living cells at high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Plasma membrane perforation by GSDME during apoptosis-driven secondary necrosis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:19. [PMID: 34971436 PMCID: PMC8720079 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Secondary necrosis has long been perceived as an uncontrolled process resulting in total lysis of the apoptotic cell. Recently, it was shown that progression of apoptosis to secondary necrosis is regulated by Gasdermin E (GSDME), which requires activation by caspase-3. Although the contribution of GSDME in this context has been attributed to its pore-forming capacity, little is known about the kinetics and size characteristics of this. Here we report on the membrane permeabilizing features of GSDME by monitoring the influx and efflux of dextrans of different sizes into/from anti-Fas-treated L929sAhFas cells undergoing apoptosis-driven secondary necrosis. We found that GSDME accelerates cell lysis measured by SYTOX Blue staining but does not affect the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the plasma membrane. Furthermore, loss of GSDME expression clearly hampered the influx of fluorescently labeled dextrans while the efflux happened independently of the presence or absence of GSDME expression. Importantly, both in- and efflux of dextrans were dependent on their molecular weight. Altogether, our results demonstrate that GSDME regulates the passage of compounds together with other plasma membrane destabilizing subroutines.
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Geeraerts X, Fernández-Garcia J, Hartmann FJ, de Goede KE, Martens L, Elkrim Y, Debraekeleer A, Stijlemans B, Vandekeere A, Rinaldi G, De Rycke R, Planque M, Broekaert D, Meinster E, Clappaert E, Bardet P, Murgaski A, Gysemans C, Nana FA, Saeys Y, Bendall SC, Laoui D, Van den Bossche J, Fendt SM, Van Ginderachter JA. Macrophages are metabolically heterogeneous within the tumor microenvironment. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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22
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Zahiri M, Taghavi S, Abnous K, Taghdisi SM, Ramezani M, Alibolandi M. Theranostic nanobubbles towards smart nanomedicines. J Control Release 2021; 339:164-194. [PMID: 34592384 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy and early accurate detection of malignant lesions are essential for the effectiveness of treatment and prognosis in cancer patients. The development of gaseous system as a versatile platform for the fabricated nanobubbles, has attracted much interest in improving the efficacy of ultrasound therapeutic, diagnostic, and theranostic platforms. Nano-sized bubble, as an ultrasound contrast agent, with spherical gas-filled structures exhibited contrast enhancement capability due to their inherent EPR effect. Additionally, nanobubbles exhibited good stability with extended retention time in the blood stream. The current review summarized various nanobubbles and discussed about the crucial parameters affecting the stability of ultrafine bubbles. Furthermore, therapeutic and theranostic gaseous systems for fighting against cancer were described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Zahiri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Student Research Committee, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sahar Taghavi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Khalil Abnous
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Taghdisi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ramezani
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Mona Alibolandi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Raes L, Pille M, Harizaj A, Goetgeluk G, Van Hoeck J, Stremersch S, Fraire JC, Brans T, de Jong OG, Maas-Bakker R, Mastrobattista E, Vader P, De Smedt SC, Vandekerckhove B, Raemdonck K, Braeckmans K. Cas9 RNP transfection by vapor nanobubble photoporation for ex vivo cell engineering. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2021; 25:696-707. [PMID: 34589287 PMCID: PMC8463438 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas9 technology represents a powerful tool for genome engineering in eukaryotic cells, advancing both fundamental research and therapeutic strategies. Despite the enormous potential of the technology, efficient and direct intracellular delivery of Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complexes in target cells poses a significant hurdle, especially in refractive primary cells. In the present work, vapor nanobubble (VNB) photoporation was explored for Cas9 RNP transfection in a variety of cell types. Proof of concept was first demonstrated in H1299-EGFP cells, before proceeding to hard-to-transfect stem cells and T cells. Gene knock-out levels over 80% and up to 60% were obtained for H1299 cells and mesenchymal stem cells, respectively. In these cell types, the unique possibility of VNB photoporation to knock out genes according to user-defined spatial patterns was demonstrated as well. Next, effective targeting of the programmed cell death 1 receptor and Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome gene in primary human T cells was demonstrated, reaching gene knock-out levels of 25% and 34%, respectively. With a throughput of >200,000 T cells per second, VNB photoporation is a scalable and versatile intracellular delivery method that holds great promise for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated ex vivo engineering of cell therapy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Raes
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melissa Pille
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aranit Harizaj
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Glenn Goetgeluk
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jelter Van Hoeck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephan Stremersch
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juan C. Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Toon Brans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Gerrit de Jong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Maas-Bakker
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Enrico Mastrobattista
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter Vader
- CDL Research, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefaan C. De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, University Hospital Ghent, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Corresponding author: Kevin Braeckmans, Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.E-mail:
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Ramon J, Xiong R, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K, Braeckmans K. Vapor nanobubble-mediated photoporation constitutes a versatile intracellular delivery technology. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Xiong R, Xu RX, Huang C, De Smedt S, Braeckmans K. Stimuli-responsive nanobubbles for biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:5746-5776. [PMID: 33972972 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00839j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive nanobubbles have received increased attention for their application in spatial and temporal resolution of diagnostic techniques and therapies, particularly in multiple imaging methods, and they thus have significant potential for applications in the field of biomedicine. This review presents an overview of the recent advances in the development of stimuli-responsive nanobubbles and their novel applications. Properties of both internal- and external-stimuli responsive nanobubbles are highlighted and discussed considering the potential features required for biomedical applications. Furthermore, the methods used for synthesis and characterization of nanobubbles are outlined. Finally, novel biomedical applications are proposed alongside the advantages and shortcomings inherent to stimuli-responsive nanobubbles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranhua Xiong
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China. and Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Ronald X Xu
- Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230022, P. R. China and Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Chaobo Huang
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China.
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Joint Laboratory of Advanced Biomedical Materials (NFU-UGent), College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University (NFU), Nanjing 210037, P. R. China. and Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. and Centre for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Liu Z, Wang S, Tapeinos C, Torrieri G, Känkänen V, El-Sayed N, Python A, Hirvonen JT, Santos HA. Non-viral nanoparticles for RNA interference: Principles of design and practical guidelines. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 174:576-612. [PMID: 34019958 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) is an innovative treatment strategy for a myriad of indications. Non-viral synthetic nanoparticles (NPs) have drawn extensive attention as vectors for RNAi due to their potential advantages, including improved safety, high delivery efficiency and economic feasibility. However, the complex natural process of RNAi and the susceptible nature of oligonucleotides render the NPs subject to particular design principles and requirements for practical fabrication. Here, we summarize the requirements and obstacles for fabricating non-viral nano-vectors for efficient RNAi. To address the delivery challenges, we discuss practical guidelines for materials selection and NP synthesis in order to maximize RNA encapsulation efficiency and protection against degradation, and to facilitate the cytosolic release of oligonucleotides. The current status of clinical translation of RNAi-based therapies and further perspectives for reducing the potential side effects are also reviewed.
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Raes L, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K, Braeckmans K. Non-viral transfection technologies for next-generation therapeutic T cell engineering. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107760. [PMID: 33932532 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Genetically engineered T cells have sparked interest in advanced cancer treatment, reaching a milestone in 2017 with two FDA-approvals for CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapeutics. It is becoming clear that the next generation of CAR T cell therapies will demand more complex engineering strategies and combinations thereof, including the use of revolutionary gene editing approaches. To date, manufacturing of CAR T cells mostly relies on γ-retroviral or lentiviral vectors, but their use is associated with several drawbacks, including safety issues, high manufacturing cost and vector capacity constraints. Non-viral approaches, including membrane permeabilization and carrier-based techniques, have therefore gained a lot of interest to replace viral transductions in the manufacturing of T cell therapeutics. This review provides an in-depth discussion on the avid search for alternatives to viral vectors, discusses key considerations for T cell engineering technologies, and provides an overview of the emerging spectrum of non-viral transfection technologies for T cells. Strengths and weaknesses of each technology will be discussed in relation to T cell engineering. Altogether, this work emphasizes the potential of non-viral transfection approaches to advance the next-generation of genetically engineered T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Raes
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Harizaj A, Descamps B, Mangodt C, Stremersch S, Stoppa A, Balcaen L, Brans T, De Rooster H, Devriendt N, Fraire JC, Bolea-Fernandez E, De Wever O, Willaert W, Vanhaecke F, Stevens CV, De Smedt SC, Roman B, Vanhove C, Lentacker I, Braeckmans K. Cytosolic delivery of gadolinium via photoporation enables improved in vivo magnetic resonance imaging of cancer cells. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:4005-4018. [PMID: 33899850 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00479d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Longitudinal in vivo monitoring of transplanted cells is crucial to perform cancer research or to assess the treatment outcome of cell-based therapies. While several bio-imaging techniques can be used, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) clearly stands out in terms of high spatial resolution and excellent soft-tissue contrast. However, MRI suffers from low sensitivity, requiring cells to be labeled with high concentrations of contrast agents. An interesting option is to label cells with clinically approved gadolinium chelates which generate a hyperintense MR signal. However, spontaneous uptake of the label via pinocytosis results in its endosomal sequestration, leading to quenching of the T1-weighted relaxation. To avoid this quenching effect, delivery of gadolinium chelates directly into the cytosol via electroporation or hypotonic cell swelling have been proposed. However, these methods are also accompanied by several drawbacks such as a high cytotoxicity, and changes in gene expression and phenotype. Here, we demonstrate that nanoparticle-sensitized laser induced photoporation forms an attractive alternative to efficiently deliver the contrast agent gadobutrol into the cytosol of both HeLa and SK-OV-3 IP1 cells. After intracellular delivery by photoporation the quenching effect is clearly avoided, leading to a strong increase in the hyperintense T1-weighted MR signal. Moreover, when compared to nucleofection as a state-of-the-art electroporation platform, photoporation has much less impact on cell viability, which is extremely important for reliable cell tracking studies. Additional experiments confirm that photoporation does not induce any change in the long-term viability or the migratory capacity of the cells. Finally, we show that gadolinium 'labeled' SK-OV-3 IP1 cells can be imaged in vivo by MRI with high soft-tissue contrast and spatial resolution, revealing indications of potential tumor invasion or angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranit Harizaj
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Employing siRNA tool and its delivery platforms in suppressing cisplatin resistance: Approaching to a new era of cancer chemotherapy. Life Sci 2021; 277:119430. [PMID: 33789144 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although chemotherapy is a first option in treatment of cancer patients, drug resistance has led to its failure, requiring strategies to overcome it. Cancer cells are capable of switching among molecular pathways to ensure their proliferation and metastasis, leading to their resistance to chemotherapy. The molecular pathways and mechanisms that are responsible for cancer progression and growth, can be negatively affected for providing chemosensitivity. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a powerful tool extensively applied in cancer therapy in both pre-clinical (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical studies because of its potential in suppressing tumor-promoting factors. As such oncogene pathways account for cisplatin (CP) resistance, their targeting by siRNA plays an important role in reversing chemoresistance. In the present review, application of siRNA for suppressing CP resistance is discussed. The first priority of using siRNA is sensitizing cancer cells to CP-mediated apoptosis via down-regulating survivin, ATG7, Bcl-2, Bcl-xl, and XIAP. The cancer stem cell properties and related molecular pathways including ID1, Oct-4 and nanog are inhibited by siRNA in CP sensitivity. Cell cycle arrest and enhanced accumulation of CP in cancer cells can be obtained using siRNA. In overcoming siRNA challenges such as off-targeting feature and degradation, carriers including nanoparticles and biological carriers have been applied. These carriers are important in enhancing cellular accumulation of siRNA, elevating gene silencing efficacy and reversing CP resistance.
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Shaabani E, Sharifiaghdam M, De Keersmaecker H, De Rycke R, De Smedt S, Faridi-Majidi R, Braeckmans K, Fraire JC. Layer by Layer Assembled Chitosan-Coated Gold Nanoparticles for Enhanced siRNA Delivery and Silencing. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E831. [PMID: 33467656 PMCID: PMC7830320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) provides one of the most powerful strategies for downregulation of therapeutic targets. Despite the widely explored capabilities of this strategy, intracellular delivery is hindered by a lack of carriers that have high stability, low toxicity and high transfection efficiency. Here we propose a layer by layer (LBL) self-assembly method to fabricate chitosan-coated gold nanoparticles (CS-AuNPs) as a more stable and efficient siRNA delivery system. Direct reduction of HAuCl4 in the presence of chitosan led to the formation of positively charged CS-AuNPs, which were subsequently modified with a layer of siRNA cargo molecules and a final chitosan layer to protect the siRNA and to have a net positive charge for good interaction with cells. Cytotoxicity, uptake, and downregulation of enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) in H1299-eGFP lung epithelial cells indicated that LBL-CS-AuNPs provided excellent protection of siRNA against enzymatic degradation, ensured good uptake in cells by endocytosis, facilitated endosomal escape of siRNA, and improved the overall silencing effect in comparison with commercial transfection reagents Lipofectamine and jetPEI®. Therefore, this work shows that LBL assembled CS-AuNPs are promising nanocarriers for enhanced intracellular siRNA delivery and silencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnaz Shaabani
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; (E.S.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.D.K.); (S.D.S.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Maryam Sharifiaghdam
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; (E.S.); (M.S.)
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.D.K.); (S.D.S.); (J.C.F.)
| | - Herlinde De Keersmaecker
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.D.K.); (S.D.S.); (J.C.F.)
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium and VIB Center for Inflammation Research, 9052 Ghent, Belgium;
- Ghent University Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy and VIB BioImaging Core, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.D.K.); (S.D.S.); (J.C.F.)
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Reza Faridi-Majidi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; (E.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.D.K.); (S.D.S.); (J.C.F.)
- Center for Advanced Light Microscopy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juan C. Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (H.D.K.); (S.D.S.); (J.C.F.)
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Andrian T, Riera R, Pujals S, Albertazzi L. Nanoscopy for endosomal escape quantification. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:10-23. [PMID: 36131870 PMCID: PMC9419860 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00454e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The successful cytosolic delivery of nanoparticles is hampered by their endosomal entrapment and degradation. To push forward the smart development of nanoparticles we must reliably detect and quantify their endosomal escape process. However, the current methods employed are not quantitative enough at the nanoscale to achieve this. Nanoscopy is a rapidly evolving field that has developed a diverse set of powerful techniques in the last two decades, opening the door to explore nanomedicine with an unprecedented resolution and specificity. The understanding of key steps in the drug delivery process - such as endosomal escape - would benefit greatly from the implementation of the most recent advances in microscopy. In this review, we provide the latest insights into endosomal escape of nanoparticles obtained by nanoscopy, and we discuss the features that would allow these techniques to make a great impact in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Andrian
- Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia Barcelona Spain
| | - Roger Riera
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands
| | - Silvia Pujals
- Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia Barcelona Spain
- Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, Universitat de Barcelona Av. Diagonal 647 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Nanoscopy for Nanomedicine, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia Barcelona Spain
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems (ICMS), Eindhoven University of Technology Eindhoven Netherlands
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Raes L, Stremersch S, Fraire JC, Brans T, Goetgeluk G, De Munter S, Van Hoecke L, Verbeke R, Van Hoeck J, Xiong R, Saelens X, Vandekerckhove B, De Smedt S, Raemdonck K, Braeckmans K. Intracellular Delivery of mRNA in Adherent and Suspension Cells by Vapor Nanobubble Photoporation. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2020; 12:185. [PMID: 34138203 PMCID: PMC7770675 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-020-00523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Efficient and safe cell engineering by transfection of nucleic acids remains one of the long-standing hurdles for fundamental biomedical research and many new therapeutic applications, such as CAR T cell-based therapies. mRNA has recently gained increasing attention as a more safe and versatile alternative tool over viral- or DNA transposon-based approaches for the generation of adoptive T cells. However, limitations associated with existing nonviral mRNA delivery approaches hamper progress on genetic engineering of these hard-to-transfect immune cells. In this study, we demonstrate that gold nanoparticle-mediated vapor nanobubble (VNB) photoporation is a promising upcoming physical transfection method capable of delivering mRNA in both adherent and suspension cells. Initial transfection experiments on HeLa cells showed the importance of transfection buffer and cargo concentration, while the technology was furthermore shown to be effective for mRNA delivery in Jurkat T cells with transfection efficiencies up to 45%. Importantly, compared to electroporation, which is the reference technology for nonviral transfection of T cells, a fivefold increase in the number of transfected viable Jurkat T cells was observed. Altogether, our results point toward the use of VNB photoporation as a more gentle and efficient technology for intracellular mRNA delivery in adherent and suspension cells, with promising potential for the future engineering of cells in therapeutic and fundamental research applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Raes
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stephan Stremersch
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Juan C Fraire
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Toon Brans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Glenn Goetgeluk
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn De Munter
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Van Hoecke
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Rein Verbeke
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jelter Van Hoeck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ranhua Xiong
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Xavier Saelens
- VIB-UGent Center for Medical Biotechnology, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bart Vandekerckhove
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan De Smedt
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kevin Braeckmans
- Laboratory of General Biochemistry & Physical Pharmacy, Ghent University, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Rueda-Gensini L, Cifuentes J, Castellanos MC, Puentes PR, Serna JA, Muñoz-Camargo C, Cruz JC. Tailoring Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Cellular Internalization and Endosomal Escape. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 10:E1816. [PMID: 32932957 PMCID: PMC7559083 DOI: 10.3390/nano10091816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs) have been widely explored for biomedical applications due to their high biocompatibility, surface-coating versatility, and superparamagnetic properties. Upon exposure to an external magnetic field, IONs can be precisely directed to a region of interest and serve as exceptional delivery vehicles and cellular markers. However, the design of nanocarriers that achieve an efficient endocytic uptake, escape lysosomal degradation, and perform precise intracellular functions is still a challenge for their application in translational medicine. This review highlights several aspects that mediate the activation of the endosomal pathways, as well as the different properties that govern endosomal escape and nuclear transfection of magnetic IONs. In particular, we review a variety of ION surface modification alternatives that have emerged for facilitating their endocytic uptake and their timely escape from endosomes, with special emphasis on how these can be manipulated for the rational design of cell-penetrating vehicles. Moreover, additional modifications for enhancing nuclear transfection are also included in the design of therapeutic vehicles that must overcome this barrier. Understanding these mechanisms opens new perspectives in the strategic development of vehicles for cell tracking, cell imaging and the targeted intracellular delivery of drugs and gene therapy sequences and vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rueda-Gensini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Javier Cifuentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Maria Claudia Castellanos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Paola Ruiz Puentes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Julian A. Serna
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
| | - Juan C. Cruz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-12, 111711 Bogotá, Colombia; (L.R.-G.); (J.C.); (M.C.C.); (P.R.P.); (J.A.S.)
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
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Daussy CF, Wodrich H. "Repair Me if You Can": Membrane Damage, Response, and Control from the Viral Perspective. Cells 2020; 9:cells9092042. [PMID: 32906744 PMCID: PMC7564661 DOI: 10.3390/cells9092042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly challenged by pathogens (bacteria, virus, and fungi), and protein aggregates or chemicals, which can provoke membrane damage at the plasma membrane or within the endo-lysosomal compartments. Detection of endo-lysosomal rupture depends on a family of sugar-binding lectins, known as galectins, which sense the abnormal exposure of glycans to the cytoplasm upon membrane damage. Galectins in conjunction with other factors orchestrate specific membrane damage responses such as the recruitment of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) machinery to either repair damaged membranes or the activation of autophagy to remove membrane remnants. If not controlled, membrane damage causes the release of harmful components including protons, reactive oxygen species, or cathepsins that will elicit inflammation. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge on membrane damage and cellular responses. In particular, we focus on the endo-lysosomal damage triggered by non-enveloped viruses (such as adenovirus) and discuss viral strategies to control the cellular membrane damage response. Finally, we debate the link between autophagy and inflammation in this context and discuss the possibility that virus induced autophagy upon entry limits inflammation.
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Shah H, Tariq I, Engelhardt K, Bakowsky U, Pinnapireddy SR. Development and Characterization of Ultrasound Activated Lipopolyplexes for Enhanced Transfection by Low Frequency Ultrasound in In Vitro Tumor Model. Macromol Biosci 2020; 20:e2000173. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirva Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics University of Marburg Robert Koch Straße 4 Marburg 35037 Germany
| | - Imran Tariq
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics University of Marburg Robert Koch Straße 4 Marburg 35037 Germany
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy University of the Punjab Lahore 54000 Pakistan
| | - Konrad Engelhardt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics University of Marburg Robert Koch Straße 4 Marburg 35037 Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics University of Marburg Robert Koch Straße 4 Marburg 35037 Germany
| | - Shashank Reddy Pinnapireddy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics University of Marburg Robert Koch Straße 4 Marburg 35037 Germany
- CSL Behring GmbH Emil‐von‐Behring‐Str. 76 Marburg 35041 Germany
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37
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Qu Y, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Chen H. Surface-Mediated Intracellular Delivery by Physical Membrane Disruption. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:31054-31078. [PMID: 32559060 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c06978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Effective and nondestructive intracellular delivery of exogenous molecules and other functional materials into living cells is of importance for diverse biological fundamental research and therapeutic applications, such as gene editing and cell-based therapies. However, for most exogenous molecules, the cell plasma membrane is effectively impermeable and thus remains the greatest barrier to intracellular delivery. In recent years, methods based on surface-mediated physical membrane disruption have attracted considerable attention. These methods exploit the physical properties of the surface to transiently increase the membrane permeability of cells come in contact thereto, thereby facilitating the efficient intracellular delivery of molecules regardless of molecule or target cell type. In this Review, we focus on recent progress, particularly over the past decade, on these surface-mediated membrane disruption-based delivery systems. According to the membrane disruption mechanism, three categories can be recognized: (i) mechanical penetration, (ii) electroporation, and (iii) photothermal poration. Each of these is discussed in turn and a brief perspective on future developments in this promising area is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangcui Qu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Zhang
- Institute for Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215007, P. R. China
| | - Qian Yu
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Hong Chen
- State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Novel Functional Polymeric Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
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Kumar A, Ahmad A, Vyawahare A, Khan R. Membrane Trafficking and Subcellular Drug Targeting Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:629. [PMID: 32536862 PMCID: PMC7267071 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The movement of micro and macro molecules into and within a cell significantly governs several of their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, thus regulating the cellular response to exogenous and endogenous stimuli. Trafficking of various pharmacological agents and other bioactive molecules throughout and within the cell is necessary for the fidelity of the cells but has been poorly investigated. Novel strategies against cancer and microbial infections need a deeper understanding of membrane as well as subcellular trafficking pathways and essentially regulate several aspects of the initiation and spread of anti-microbial and anti-cancer drug resistance. Furthermore, in order to avail the maximum possible bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy and to restrict the unwanted toxicity of pharmacological bioactives, these sometimes need to be functionalized with targeting ligands to regulate the subcellular trafficking and to enhance the localization. In the recent past the scenario drug targeting has primarily focused on targeting tissue components and cell vicinities, however, it is the membranous and subcellular trafficking system that directs the molecules to plausible locations. The effectiveness of the delivery platforms largely depends on their physicochemical nature, intracellular barriers, and biodistribution of the drugs, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic paradigms. Most subcellular organelles possess some peculiar characteristics by which membranous and subcellular targeting can be manipulated, such as negative transmembrane potential in mitochondria, intraluminal delta pH in a lysosome, and many others. Many specialized methods, which positively promote the subcellular targeting and restrict the off-targeting of the bioactive molecules, exist. Recent advancements in designing the carrier molecules enable the handling of membrane trafficking to facilitate the delivery of active compounds to subcellular localizations. This review aims to cover membrane trafficking pathways which promote the delivery of the active molecule in to the subcellular locations, the associated pathways of the subcellular drug delivery system, and the role of the carrier system in drug delivery techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, India
| | - Akshay Vyawahare
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Department of Nano-Therapeutics, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali, India
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Van de Vyver T, Bogaert B, De Backer L, Joris F, Guagliardo R, Van Hoeck J, Merckx P, Van Calenbergh S, Ramishetti S, Peer D, Remaut K, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Cationic Amphiphilic Drugs Boost the Lysosomal Escape of Small Nucleic Acid Therapeutics in a Nanocarrier-Dependent Manner. ACS NANO 2020; 14:4774-4791. [PMID: 32250113 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Small nucleic acid (NA) therapeutics, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA), are generally formulated in nanoparticles (NPs) to overcome the multiple extra- and intracellular barriers upon in vivo administration. Interaction with target cells typically triggers endocytosis and sequesters the NPs in endosomes, thus hampering the pharmacological activity of the encapsulated siRNAs that occurs in the cytosol. Unfortunately, for most state-of-the-art NPs, endosomal escape is largely inefficient. As a result, the bulk of the endocytosed NA drug is rapidly trafficked toward the degradative lysosomes that are considered as a dead end for siRNA nanomedicines. In contrast to this paradigm, we recently reported that cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) could strongly promote functional siRNA delivery from the endolysosomal compartment via transient induction of lysosomal membrane permeabilization. However, many questions still remain regarding the broader applicability of such a CAD adjuvant effect on NA delivery. Here, we report a drug repurposing screen (National Institutes of Health Clinical Collection) that allowed identification of 56 CAD adjuvants. We furthermore demonstrate that the CAD adjuvant effect is dependent on the type of nanocarrier, with NPs that generate an appropriate pool of decomplexed siRNA in the endolysosomal compartment being most susceptible to CAD-promoted gene silencing. Finally, the CAD adjuvant effect was verified on human ovarian cancer cells and for antisense oligonucleotides. In conclusion, this study strongly expands our current knowledge on how CADs increase the cytosolic release of small NAs, providing relevant insights to more rationally combine CAD adjuvants with NA-loaded NPs for future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Van de Vyver
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bram Bogaert
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lynn De Backer
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Freya Joris
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roberta Guagliardo
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jelter Van Hoeck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieterjan Merckx
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Serge Van Calenbergh
- Laboratory for Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Katrien Remaut
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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