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Conte J, Saatkamp RH, Sanches MP, Argenta DF, da Rosa Monte Machado G, Kretzer IF, Parize AL, Caon T. Development of biopolymer films loaded with fluconazole and thymol for resistant vaginal candidiasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 275:133356. [PMID: 38945715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an opportunistic infection caused by a fungus of the Candida genus, affecting approximately 75 % of women during their lifetime. Fungal resistance cases and adverse effects have been the main challenges of oral therapies. In this study, the topical application of thin films containing fluconazole (FLU) and thymol (THY) was proposed to overcome these problems. Vaginal films based only on chitosan (CH) or combining this biopolymer with pectin (PEC) or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) were developed by the solvent casting method. In addition to a higher swelling index, CH/HPMCAS films showed to be more plastic and flexible than systems prepared with CH/PEC or only chitosan. Biopolymers and FLU were found in an amorphous state, contributing to explaining the rapid gel formation after contact with vaginal fluid. High permeability rates of FLU were also found after its immobilization into thin films. The presence of THY in polymer films increased the distribution of FLU in vaginal tissues and resulted in improved anti-Candida activity. A significant activity against the resistant C. glabrata was achieved, reducing the required FLU dose by 50 %. These results suggest that the developed polymer films represent a promising alternative for the treatment of resistant vulvovaginal candidiasis, encouraging further studies in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Júlia Conte
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy (PGFAR), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Henrique Saatkamp
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Mariele Paludetto Sanches
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Débora Fretes Argenta
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy (PGFAR), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Gabriella da Rosa Monte Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy (PGFAR), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Iara Fabrícia Kretzer
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy (PGFAR), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Luis Parize
- Postgraduate Program in Chemistry, Chemistry Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Thiago Caon
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmacy (PGFAR), Federal University of Santa Catarina, Trindade, 88040-900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
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Davis EHS, Jones C, Coward K. Rethinking the application of nanoparticles in women's reproductive health and assisted reproduction. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:1231-1251. [PMID: 38686941 PMCID: PMC11285225 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles and nanotechnology may present opportunities to revolutionize the prevention, treatment and diagnosis of a range of reproductive health conditions in women. These technologies are also used to improve outcomes of assisted reproductive technology. We highlight a range of these potential clinical uses of nanoparticles for polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, uterine fibroids and sexually transmitted infections, considering in vitro and in vivo studies along with clinical trials. In addition, we discuss applications of nanoparticles in assisted reproductive technology, including sperm loading, gamete and embryo preservation and preventing preterm birth. Finally, we present some of the concerns associated with the medical use of nanoparticles, identifying routes for further exploration before nanoparticles can be applied to women's reproductive health in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily HS Davis
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Celine Jones
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Coward
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Women’s Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
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Saccol CP, Cervi VF, Blume JC, Menezes ÁG, Apel MA, da Rosa LS, Tasca T, Cruz L. Xanthan-carrageenan film containing sesame seed oil: A nanocomposite pharmaceutical platform for trichomoniasis treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128701. [PMID: 38072348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Trichomoniasis is a common sexually transmitted infection that poses significant complications for women. Challenges in treatment include adverse effects and resistance to standard antimicrobial agents. Given this context, a sesame seed oil nanoemulsion (SONE) was developed and showed anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity. To facilitate the local application of SONE, a polysaccharide film was developed using xanthan gum (XG) and κ-carrageenan gum (CG). A blend of XG and CG (at 2 %, ratio 1:3) plasticized with glycerol produced a more promising film (XCF) than using the gums individually. The film containing SONE (SONE-XCF) was successfully obtained by replacing the aqueous solvent with SONE via solvent evaporation technique. The hydrophilic SONE-XCF exhibited homogeneity and suitable mechanical properties for vaginal application. Furthermore, SONE-XCF demonstrated mucoadhesive properties and high absorption capacity for excessive vaginal fluids produced in vaginitis. It also had a disintegration time of over 8 h, indicating long retention at the intended site of action. Hemolysis and chorioallantoic membrane tests confirmed the safety of the film. Therefore, SONE-XCF is a biocompatible film with a natural composition and inherent activity against T. vaginalis, possessing exceptional characteristics that make it appropriate for vaginal application, offering an interesting alternative for trichomoniasis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Parcianello Saccol
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Verônica Ferrari Cervi
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Júlia Carine Blume
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Ágata Giuseppe Menezes
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Tricomonas, GPTrico, Faculdade de Farmácia e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre CEP 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Miriam Anders Apel
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre CEP 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Lucas Saldanha da Rosa
- Núcleo de Desenvolvimento de Materiais Avançados, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Odontológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiana Tasca
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Tricomonas, GPTrico, Faculdade de Farmácia e Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre CEP 90610-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria CEP 97105-900, RS, Brazil.
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Narala S, Ali Youssef AA, Munnangi SR, Narala N, Lakkala P, Vemula SK, Repka M. 3D printing in vaginal drug delivery: a revolution in pharmaceutical manufacturing. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38236621 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2306139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Food and Drug Administration's approval of the first three-dimensional (3D) printed tablet, Spritam®, led to a burgeoning interest in using 3D printing to fabricate numerous drug delivery systems for different routes of administration. The high degree of manufacturing flexibility achieved through 3D printing facilitates the preparation of dosage forms with many actives with complex and tailored release profiles that can address individual patient needs. AREAS COVERED This comprehensive review provides an in-depth look into the several 3D printing technologies currently utilized in pharmaceutical research. Additionally, the review delves into vaginal anatomy and physiology, 3D-printed drug delivery systems for vaginal applications, the latest research studies, and the challenges of 3D printing technology and future possibilities. EXPERT OPINION 3D printing technology can produce drug-delivery devices or implants optimized for vaginal applications, including vaginal rings, intra-vaginal inserts, or biodegradable microdevices loaded with drugs, all custom-tailored to deliver specific medications with controlled release profiles. However, though the potential of 3D printing in vaginal drug delivery is promising, there are still challenges and regulatory hurdles to overcome before these technologies can be widely adopted and approved for clinical use. Extensive research and testing are necessary to ensure safety, effectiveness, and biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ahmed Adel Ali Youssef
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Nagarjuna Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Preethi Lakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Michael Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Mahajan K, Bhattacharya S. The Advancement and Obstacles in Improving the Stability of Nanocarriers for Precision Drug Delivery in the Field of Nanomedicine. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:686-721. [PMID: 38409730 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266287101240214071718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Nanocarriers have emerged as a promising class of nanoscale materials in the fields of drug delivery and biomedical applications. Their unique properties, such as high surface area- tovolume ratios and enhanced permeability and retention effects, enable targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to specific tissues or cells. However, the inherent instability of nanocarriers poses significant challenges to their successful application. This review highlights the importance of nanocarrier stability in biomedical applications and its impact on biocompatibility, targeted drug delivery, long shelf life, drug delivery performance, therapeutic efficacy, reduced side effects, prolonged circulation time, and targeted delivery. Enhancing nanocarrier stability requires careful design, engineering, and optimization of physical and chemical parameters. Various strategies and cutting-edge techniques employed to improve nanocarrier stability are explored, with a focus on their applications in drug delivery. By understanding the advances and challenges in nanocarrier stability, this review aims to contribute to the development and implementation of nanocarrier- based therapies in clinical settings, advancing the field of nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalpesh Mahajan
- Department of Quality Assurence, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, India
| | - Sankha Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKMS NMIMS Maharashtra, Shirpur, 425405, India
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de Carvalho ACW, Paiva NF, Demonari IK, Duarte MPF, do Couto RO, de Freitas O, Vicentini FTMDC. The Potential of Films as Transmucosal Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2583. [PMID: 38004562 PMCID: PMC10675688 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical films are polymeric formulations used as a delivery platform for administration of small and macromolecular drugs for local or systemic action. They can be produced by using synthetic, semi-synthetic, or natural polymers through solvent casting, electrospinning, hot-melt extrusion, and 3D printing methods, and depending on the components and the manufacturing methods used, the films allow the modulation of drug release. Moreover, they have advantages that have drawn interest in the development and evaluation of film application on the buccal, nasal, vaginal, and ocular mucosa. This review aims to provide an overview of and critically discuss the use of films as transmucosal drug delivery systems. For this, aspects such as the composition of these formulations, the theories of mucoadhesion, and the methods of production were deeply considered, and an analysis of the main transmucosal pathways for which there are examples of developed films was conducted. All of this allowed us to point out the most relevant characteristics and opportunities that deserve to be taken into account in the use of films as transmucosal drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Clara Wada de Carvalho
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Café, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil; (A.C.W.d.C.)
| | - Natália Floriano Paiva
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Café, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil; (A.C.W.d.C.)
| | - Isabella Kriunas Demonari
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Café, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil; (A.C.W.d.C.)
| | - Maíra Peres Ferreira Duarte
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Café, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil; (A.C.W.d.C.)
| | - Renê Oliveira do Couto
- Campus Centro-Oeste Dona Lindu (CCO), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Divinópolis 35501-296, MG, Brazil
| | - Osvaldo de Freitas
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil. Av. Café, Ribeirão Preto 14048-900, SP, Brazil; (A.C.W.d.C.)
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7
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Reolon JB, Saccol CP, Osmari BF, de Oliveira DB, Prado VC, Cabral FL, da Rosa LS, Rechia GC, Leal DBR, Cruz L. Karaya/Gellan-Gum-Based Bilayer Films Containing 3,3'-Diindolylmethane-Loaded Nanocapsules: A Promising Alternative to Melanoma Topical Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2234. [PMID: 37765203 PMCID: PMC10538082 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to incorporate nanocapsules containing 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) with antitumor activity into a bilayer film of karaya and gellan gums for use in topical melanoma therapy. Nanocarriers and films were prepared by interfacial deposition of the preformed polymer and solvent casting methods, respectively. Incorporating DIM into nanocapsules increased its antitumor potential against human melanoma cells (A-375) (IC50 > 24.00 µg/mL free DIM × 2.89 µg/mL nanocapsules). The films were transparent, hydrophilic (θ < 90°), had homogeneous thickness and weight, and had a DIM content of 106 µg/cm2. Radical ABTS+ scavenger assay showed that the DIM films presented promising antioxidant action. Remarkably, the films showed selective bioadhesive potential on the karaya gum side. Considering the mechanical analyses, the nanotechnology-based films presented appropriate behavior for cutaneous application and controlled DIM release profile, which could increase the residence time on the application site. Furthermore, the nanofilms were found to increase the permeation of DIM into the epidermis, where melanoma develops. Lastly, the films were non-hemolytic (hemolysis test) and non-irritant (HET-CAM assay). In summary, the combination of karaya and gellan gum in bilayer films that contain nanoencapsulated DIM has demonstrated potential in the topical treatment of melanoma and could serve as a viable option for administering DIM for cutaneous melanoma therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Brandão Reolon
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Camila Parcianello Saccol
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Bárbara Felin Osmari
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Daiane Britto de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Vinicius Costa Prado
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
| | - Fernanda Licker Cabral
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-9000, RS, Brazil; (F.L.C.); (D.B.R.L.)
| | - Lucas Saldanha da Rosa
- Laboratório de Biomateriais, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97015-372, RS, Brazil;
| | | | - Daniela Bitencourt Rosa Leal
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia Experimental e Aplicada, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-9000, RS, Brazil; (F.L.C.); (D.B.R.L.)
| | - Letícia Cruz
- Laboratório de Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria 97105-900, RS, Brazil; (J.B.R.); (C.P.S.); (B.F.O.); (D.B.d.O.); (V.C.P.)
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Silvestre ALP, Dos Santos AM, de Oliveira AB, Ferrisse TM, Brighenti FL, Meneguin AB, Chorilli M. Evaluation of photodynamic therapy on nanoparticles and films loaded-nanoparticles based on chitosan/alginate for curcumin delivery in oral biofilms. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 240:124489. [PMID: 37076077 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticles and nanoparticle-loaded films based on chitosan/sodium alginate with curcumin (CUR) are promising strategies to improve the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for the treatment of oral biofilms. This work aimed to develop and evaluate the nanoparticles based on chitosan and sodium alginate encapsulated with CUR dispersed in polymeric films associated with aPDT in oral biofilms. The NPs were obtained by polyelectrolytic complexation, and the films were prepared by solvent evaporation. The photodynamic effect was evaluated by counting Colony Forming Units (CFU/mL). Both systems showed adequate characterization parameters for CUR release. Nanoparticles controlled the release of CUR for a longer period than the nanoparticle-loaded films in simulated saliva media. Control and CUR-loaded nanoparticles showed a significant reduction of 3 log10 CFU/mL against S. mutans biofilms, compared to treatment without light. However, biofilms of S. mutans showed no photoinactivation effect using films loaded with nanoparticles even in the presence of light. These results demonstrate the potential of chitosan/sodium alginate nanoparticles associated with aPDT as carriers for the oral delivery of CUR, offering new possibilities to improve the treatment of dental caries and infections. This work will contribute to advances in the search for innovative delivery systems in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Letícia Polli Silvestre
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Aline Martins Dos Santos
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Analú Barros de Oliveira
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, 14801-385 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Túlio Morandin Ferrisse
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, 14801-385 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lourenção Brighenti
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, School of Dentistry, Department of Restorative Dentistry, 14801-385 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Andréia Bagliotti Meneguin
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- UNESP, São Paulo State University, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Araraquara, SP 14800-903, Brazil.
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9
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Tomás M, Sousa LGV, Oliveira AS, Gomes CP, Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L, Cerca N, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R. Vaginal Sheets with Thymbra capitata Essential Oil for the Treatment of Bacterial Vaginosis: Design, Characterization and In Vitro Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040293. [PMID: 37102907 PMCID: PMC10137747 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to incorporate Thymbra capitata essential oil (TCEO), a potent antimicrobial natural product against bacterial vaginosis (BV)-related bacteria, in a suitable drug delivery system. We used vaginal sheets as dosage form to promote immediate relief of the typical abundant vaginal discharge with unpleasant odour. Excipients were selected to promote the healthy vaginal environment reestablishment and bioadhesion of formulations, while the TCEO acts directly on BV pathogens. We characterized vaginal sheets with TCEO in regard to technological characterization, predictable in vivo performance, in vitro efficacy and safety. Vaginal sheet D.O (acid lactic buffer, gelatine, glycerine, chitosan coated with TCEO 1% w/w) presented a higher buffer capacity and ability to absorb vaginal fluid simulant (VFS) among all vaginal sheets with EO, showing one of the most promising bioadhesive profiles, an excellent flexibility and structure that allow it to be easily rolled for application. Vaginal sheet D.O with 0.32 µL/mL TCEO was able to significantly reduce the bacterial load of all in vitro tested Gardnerella species. Although vaginal sheet D.O presented toxicity at some concentrations, this product was developed for a short time period of treatment, so this toxicity can probably be limited or even reversed when the treatment ends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Tomás
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Lúcia G. V. Sousa
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carolina P. Gomes
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit-HPRD Health Products Research and Development, Lda Edifício UBIMedical, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-281 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Cerca
- Laboratory of Research in Biofilms Rosário Oliveira (LIBRO), Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - José Martinez-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Rita Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
- Labfit-HPRD Health Products Research and Development, Lda Edifício UBIMedical, Estrada Municipal 506, 6200-281 Covilhã, Portugal
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10
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Charron PN, Tahir I, McConnell S, Sedler D, Floreani RA. Physico-mechanical and ex vivo analysis of aloe-alginate hydrogels for cervical cancer treatment. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/08839115221149723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
A leading cancer diagnosis in women worldwide is cervical cancer, with current treatments all posing a risk of serious side effects. Less toxic, but effective treatments are sought after. Aloe vera ( barbadensis miller), known for its beneficial properties, has been studied for cancer treatment. While aloe gel has been shown to exhibit anti-cancer activity, it cannot form a hydrogel alone. Therefore, an interpenetrating network comprising alginate blended with aloe was examined as a cervical cancer treatment. We hypothesized the antioxidant properties of aloe gel would decrease cancer cell viability while the alginate hydrogel would improve mucoadhesion. We further hypothesized the antioxidant activity of aloe gel would induce cancer cell death at levels similar to common chemotherapeutics, and aimed to determine if these chemotherapeutic behaviors are constructive or destructive. Material and adhesive properties, drug encapsulation, and cancer cell viability were investigated and validated. The effect of aloe-alginate hydrogels on cervical cancer cell viability was not significantly different compared to aloe-blends containing doxorubicin (DOX), indicating that the aloe alone decreased cancer cell viability rendering the additional cytotoxic therapeutic not impactful as an adjuvant therapy. This study provides insight into the potential of natural biopolymers for treating cervical cancer without systemic toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick N Charron
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Irfan Tahir
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Sierra McConnell
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Danielle Sedler
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Rachael A Floreani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Electrical and Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Materials Science Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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11
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Advanced Solid Formulations For Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. Pharm Res 2023; 40:593-610. [PMID: 36451068 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03441-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is an opportunistic and endogenous infection caused by a fungus of the Candida genus, which can cause pruritus, dysuria, vulvar edema, fissures and maceration of the vulva. The treatment of vaginal candidiasis is carried out mainly by antifungal agents of azole and polyene classes; however, fungal resistance cases have been often observed. For this reason, new therapeutic agents such as essential oils, probiotics and antimicrobial peptides are being investigated, which can be combined with conventional drugs. Local administration of antimicrobials has also been considered to allow greater control of drug delivery and reduce or avoid undesirable systemic adverse effects. Conventional dosage forms such as creams and ointments result in reduced residence time in the mucosa and non-sustained and variable drug delivery. Therefore, advanced solid formulations such as intravaginal rings, vaginal films, sponges and nanofibers have been purposed. In these systems, polymers in different ratios are combined aiming to achieve a specific drug release profile and high mucoadhesion. Overall, a more porous matrix structure leads to a higher rate of drug release and mucoadhesion. The advantages, limitations and technological aspects of each dosage form are discussed in detail in this review.
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12
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Controlled delivery via hot-melt extrusion: A focus on non-biodegradable carriers for non-oral applications. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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13
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Saraiva MM, Campelo MDS, Câmara Neto JF, Lima ABN, Silva GDA, Dias ATDFF, Ricardo NMPS, Kaplan DL, Ribeiro MENP. Alginate/polyvinyl alcohol films for wound healing: Advantages and challenges. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:220-233. [PMID: 35959858 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ in the human body and its physical integrity must be maintained for body homeostasis and to prevent the entry of pathogenic microorganisms. Sodium alginate (SA) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are two polymers widely used in films for wound dressing applications. Furthermore, blends between SA and PVA improve physical, mechanical and biological properties of the final wound healing material when compared to the individual polymers. Different drugs have been incorporated into SA/PVA-based films to improve wound healing activity. It is noteworthy that SA/PVA films can be crosslinked with Ca2+ or other agents, which improves physicochemical and biological properties. Thus, SA/PVA associations are promising for the biomedical field, as a potential alternative for wound treatment. This review focuses on the main techniques for obtaining SA/PVA films, their physical-chemical characterization, drug incorporation, and the advantages and challenges of these films for wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Morais Saraiva
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Center, Laboratory of Polymers and Materials Innovation, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Matheus da Silva Campelo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Center, Laboratory of Polymers and Materials Innovation, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - João Francisco Câmara Neto
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Center, Laboratory of Polymers and Materials Innovation, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Nogueira Lima
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Center, Laboratory of Polymers and Materials Innovation, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - George de Almeida Silva
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Center, Laboratory of Polymers and Materials Innovation, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Andre Tavares de Freitas Figueredo Dias
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Center, Laboratory of Polymers and Materials Innovation, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Nágila Maria Pontes Silva Ricardo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Center, Laboratory of Polymers and Materials Innovation, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Maria Elenir Nobre Pinho Ribeiro
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Sciences Center, Laboratory of Polymers and Materials Innovation, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
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14
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Shapiro RL, DeLong K, Zulfiqar F, Carter D, Better M, Ensign LM. In vitro and ex vivo models for evaluating vaginal drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 191:114543. [PMID: 36208729 PMCID: PMC9940824 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Vaginal drug delivery systems are often preferred for treating a variety of diseases and conditions of the female reproductive tract (FRT), as delivery can be more targeted with less systemic side effects. However, there are many anatomical and biological barriers to effective treatment via the vaginal route. Further, biocompatibility with the local tissue and microbial microenvironment is desired. A variety of in vitro and ex vivo models are described herein for evaluating the physicochemical properties and toxicity profile of vaginal drug delivery systems. Deciding whether to utilize organoids in vitro or fresh human cervicovaginal mucus ex vivo requires careful consideration of the intended use and the formulation characteristics. Optimally, in vitro and ex vivo experimentation will inform or predict in vivo performance, and examples are given that describe utilization of a range of methods from in vitro to in vivo. Lastly, we highlight more advanced model systems for other mucosa as inspiration for the future in model development for the FRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Shapiro
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
| | - Kevin DeLong
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Fareeha Zulfiqar
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Davell Carter
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Marina Better
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Laura M Ensign
- Center for Nanomedicine at the Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 400 N Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA; Departments of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Infectious Diseases, and Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St., Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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15
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Riccio BVF, Silvestre ALP, Meneguin AB, Ribeiro TDC, Klosowski AB, Ferrari PC, Chorilli M. Exploiting Polymeric Films as a Multipurpose Drug Delivery System: a Review. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:269. [PMID: 36171494 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric films are drug delivery systems that maintain contact with the delivery tissue and sustain a controlled release of therapeutic molecules. These systems allow a longer time of drug contact with the target site in the case of topical treatments and allow the controlled administration of drugs. They can be manufactured by various methods such as solvent casting, hot melt extrusion, electrospinning, and 3D bioprinting. Furthermore, they can employ various polymers, for example PVP, PVA, cellulose derivatives, chitosan, gelling gum, pectin, and alginate. Its versatility is also applicable to different routes of administration, as it can be administered to the skin, oral mucosa, vaginal canal, and eyeballs. All these factors allow numerous combinations to obtain a better treatment. This review focuses on exploring some possible ways to develop them and some particularities and advantages/disadvantages in each case. It also aims to show the versatility of these systems and the advantages and disadvantages in each case, as they bring the opportunity to develop different medicines to facilitate therapies for the most diverse purposes .
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vincenzo Fiod Riccio
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Amanda Letícia Polli Silvestre
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreia Bagliotti Meneguin
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tais de Cassia Ribeiro
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Klosowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ponta Grossa State University, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Marlus Chorilli
- Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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16
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Albayrak D, Turkoglu Sasmazel H. Surface patterning of poly(ℇ-caprolactone) scaffolds by electrospinning for monitoring cell biomass behavior. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Engineering drug delivery systems to overcome the vaginal mucosal barrier: Current understanding and research agenda of mucoadhesive formulations of vaginal delivery. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Martín-Illana A, Chinarro E, Cazorla-Luna R, Notario-Perez F, Veiga-Ochoa MD, Rubio J, Tamayo A. Optimized hydration dynamics in mucoadhesive xanthan-based trilayer vaginal films for the controlled release of tenofovir. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 278:118958. [PMID: 34973774 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Karaya gum, pectin and xanthan gum have been tested as candidates for manufacturing mucoadhesive trilayer films containing ethylcellulose and chitosan for the vaginal administration of the antiviral Tenofovir (TFV). The swelling profile correlated with the amount of mobile dipoles determined by impedance spectroscopy allows the determination of the hydration dynamics of these films. The fast water penetration has been demonstrated to favor the formation of polyelectrolyte complexes (PEC) via hydrogen or ionic bonds which would favor a controlled release. The incorporation of an inorganic drug release regulator induces the weakness of the polymeric chains thus enhancing the ionic mobility via the formation of low molecular weight PECs in films manufactured with karaya gum. Due to the different mechanical properties of the individual components, pectin-based films failed for a potential pharmaceutical formulation. However, mucoadhesive trilayer films produced with xanthan gum have demonstrated a moderate swelling, improved wettability and a controlled release of TFV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Martín-Illana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s.n, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Chinarro
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass, CSIC, Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Cazorla-Luna
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s.n, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Notario-Perez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s.n, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - M D Veiga-Ochoa
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s.n, 28007 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Rubio
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass, CSIC, Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aitana Tamayo
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass, CSIC, Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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19
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Dahl DK, Whitesell AN, Sharma-Huynh P, Maturavongsadit P, Janusziewicz R, Fox RJ, Loznev HT, Button BM, Schorzman AN, Zamboni W, Ban J, Montgomery SA, Carey ET, Benhabbour SR. A mucoadhesive biodissolvable thin film for localized and rapid delivery of lidocaine for the treatment of vestibulodynia. Int J Pharm 2022; 612:121288. [PMID: 34800616 PMCID: PMC8753993 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Vestibulodynia (VBD), an idiopathic pain disorder characterized by erythema and pain of the vulvar vestibule (the inner aspect of the labia minora and vaginal opening), is the most common cause of sexual pain for women of reproductive age. Women also feel discomfort with contact with clothing and tampon use. As most women with this disorder only have pain with provocation of the tissue, topical anesthetics applied to the vestibule are the current first line treatment for temporary pain relief. Treatment options are limited due to anatomical constraints of the vestibular region, poor drug retention time, imprecise dosing, leakage, and overall product messiness. In this study we report a novel approach to treatment of VBD using thin film designed to fit the vulvar vestibule and deliver lidocaine locally. Two use cases for VBD treatment were identified 1) rapid drug release (<5 min), for use prior to intercourse and 2) long-acting release (≥120 min) for prolonged use and relief throughout the day. Cellulose-based mucoadhesive thin films were fabricated using a solvent casting method. Three polymers including hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), and hydroxypropylmethycellulose (HMPC), were selected owing to their biocompatibility and ideal properties for film casting. Films casted with HEC, HPC, and HPMC exhibited mucoadhesive properties relative to a control, with the highest mucoadhesive force recorded for films casted with HPC. Effect of media volume, pH, presence of mucin and presence of drug on film dissolution rates were investigated. Dissolution rates were independent of media volume, media pH or drug presence, whereas faster dissolution rates were obtained for all films in presence of mucin. In vitro lidocaine release kinetics were influenced by polymer type, percent drug loading and film casting thickness. Lidocaine release was based on a diffusion mechanism rather than through film dissolution and faster release (∼5 min) was observed for HEC films compared HPC films (∼120 min). Higher drug loading and film thickness resulted in slower and more prolonged release kinetics of lidocaine. All films were biocompatible and exhibited good mechanical properties. Two film formulations (9% w/w HPC with 12% w/w LHC, 5% w/w HEC with 6% w/w LHC) were optimized to meet the two use case scenarios for VBD treatment and moved into in vivo testing. In vivo testing demonstrated the safety of the films in BALB/c mice, and the pharmacokinetic analysis demonstrated the delivery of lidocaine primarily to the vaginal tissue. We demonstrate the ability to develop a mucoadhesive, biodissolvable thin film and fine-tune drug release kinetics to optimize local delivery of lidocaine to the vulva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denali K. Dahl
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ashlyn N. Whitesell
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Preetika Sharma-Huynh
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Panita Maturavongsadit
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rima Janusziewicz
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ryan J. Fox
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Henry T. Loznev
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian M. Button
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Allison N. Schorzman
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Institute for Nanomedicine, UNC Advanced Translational Pharmacology and Analytical Chemistry Lab
| | - William Zamboni
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Institute for Nanomedicine, UNC Advanced Translational Pharmacology and Analytical Chemistry Lab
| | - Jisun Ban
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Carolina Institute for Nanomedicine, UNC Advanced Translational Pharmacology and Analytical Chemistry Lab
| | | | - Erin T. Carey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S. Rahima Benhabbour
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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20
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Cellulosic Polymers for Enhancing Drug Bioavailability in Ocular Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111201. [PMID: 34832983 PMCID: PMC8621906 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the major impediments to drug development is low aqueous solubility and thus poor bioavailability, which leads to insufficient clinical utility. Around 70–80% of drugs in the discovery pipeline are suffering from poor aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability, which is a major challenge when one has to develop an ocular drug delivery system. The outer lipid layer, pre-corneal, dynamic, and static ocular barriers limit drug availability to the targeted ocular tissues. Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II drugs with adequate permeability and limited or no aqueous solubility have been extensively studied for various polymer-based solubility enhancement approaches. The hydrophilic nature of cellulosic polymers and their tunable properties make them the polymers of choice in various solubility-enhancement techniques. This review focuses on various cellulose derivatives, specifically, their role, current status and novel modified cellulosic polymers for enhancing the bioavailability of BCS class II drugs in ocular drug delivery systems.
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21
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Cazorla-Luna R, Ruiz-Caro R, Veiga MD, Malcolm RK, Lamprou DA. Recent advances in electrospun nanofiber vaginal formulations for women's sexual and reproductive health. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:121040. [PMID: 34450222 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Electrospinning is an innovative technique that allows production of nanofibers and microfibers by applying a high voltage to polymer solutions of melts. The properties of these fibers - which include high surface area, high drug loading capacity, and ability to be manufactured from mucoadhesive polymers - may be particularly useful in a myriad of drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. The last decade has witnessed a surge of interest in the application of electrospinning technology for the fabrication of vaginal drug delivery systems for the treatment and prevention of diseases associated with women's sexual and reproductive health, including sexually transmitted infections (e.g. infection with human immunodeficiency virus and herpes simplex virus) vaginitis, preterm birth, contraception, multipurpose prevention technology strategies, cervicovaginal cancer, and general maintenance of vaginal health. Due to their excellent mechanical properties, electrospun scaffolds are also being investigated as next-generation materials in the surgical treatment of pelvic organ prolapse. In this article, we review the latest advances in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raúl Cazorla-Luna
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK; Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Ruiz-Caro
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María-Dolores Veiga
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - R Karl Malcolm
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Dimitrios A Lamprou
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
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22
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Opportunities and challenges of three-dimensional printing technology in pharmaceutical formulation development. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:2488-2504. [PMID: 34567958 PMCID: PMC8447232 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional printing is a technology that prints the products layer-by-layer, in which materials are deposited according to the digital model designed by computer aided design (CAD) software. This technology has competitive advantages regarding product design complexity, product personalization, and on-demand manufacturing. The emergence of 3D technology provides innovative strategies and new ways to develop novel drug delivery systems. This review summarizes the application of 3D printing technologies in the pharmaceutical field, with an emphasis on the advantages of 3D printing technologies for achieving rapid drug delivery, personalized drug delivery, compound drug delivery and customized drug delivery. In addition, this article illustrates the limitations and challenges of 3D printing technologies in the field of pharmaceutical formulation development.
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23
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Cazorla-Luna R, Martín-Illana A, Notario-Pérez F, Ruiz-Caro R, Veiga MD. Naturally Occurring Polyelectrolytes and Their Use for the Development of Complex-Based Mucoadhesive Drug Delivery Systems: An Overview. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2241. [PMID: 34301004 PMCID: PMC8309414 DOI: 10.3390/polym13142241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biopolymers have several advantages for the development of drug delivery systems, since they are biocompatible, biodegradable and easy to obtain from renewable resources. However, their most notable advantage may be their ability to adhere to biological tissues. Many of these biopolymers have ionized forms, known as polyelectrolytes. When combined, polyelectrolytes with opposite charges spontaneously form polyelectrolyte complexes or multilayers, which have great functional versatility. Although only one natural polycation-chitosan has been widely explored until now, it has been combined with many natural polyanions such as pectin, alginate and xanthan gum, among others. These polyelectrolyte complexes have been used to develop multiple mucoadhesive dosage forms such as hydrogels, tablets, microparticles, and films, which have demonstrated extraordinary potential to administer drugs by the ocular, nasal, buccal, oral, and vaginal routes, improving both local and systemic treatments. The advantages observed for these formulations include the increased bioavailability or residence time of the formulation in the administration zone, and the avoidance of invasive administration routes, leading to greater therapeutic compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - María-Dolores Veiga
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (R.C.-L.); (A.M.-I.); (F.N.-P.); (R.R.-C.)
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Osmałek T, Froelich A, Jadach B, Tatarek A, Gadziński P, Falana A, Gralińska K, Ekert M, Puri V, Wrotyńska-Barczyńska J, Michniak-Kohn B. Recent Advances in Polymer-Based Vaginal Drug Delivery Systems. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:884. [PMID: 34203714 PMCID: PMC8232205 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13060884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vagina has been considered a potential drug administration route for centuries. Most of the currently marketed and investigated vaginal formulations are composed with the use of natural or synthetic polymers having different functions in the product. The vaginal route is usually investigated as an administration site for topically acting active ingredients; however, the anatomical and physiological features of the vagina make it suitable also for drug systemic absorption. In this review, the most important natural and synthetic polymers used in vaginal products are summarized and described, with special attention paid to the properties important in terms of vaginal application. Moreover, the current knowledge on the commonly applied and innovative dosage forms designed for vaginal administration was presented. The aim of this work was to highlight the most recent research directions and indicate challenges related to vaginal drug administrations. As revealed in the literature overview, intravaginal products still gain enormous scientific attention, and novel polymers and formulations are still explored. However, there are research areas that require more extensive studies in order to provide the safety of novel vaginal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Osmałek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Anna Froelich
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Barbara Jadach
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Adam Tatarek
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Piotr Gadziński
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Aleksandra Falana
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Kinga Gralińska
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Michał Ekert
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznań, Poland; (A.F.); (B.J.); (A.T.); (P.G.); (A.F.); (K.G.); (M.E.)
| | - Vinam Puri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, William Levine Hall, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Life Sciences Building, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (V.P.); (B.M.-K.)
| | - Joanna Wrotyńska-Barczyńska
- Division of Infertility and Reproductive Endocrinology, Department of Gynecology, Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 33 Polna St., 60-535 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Bozena Michniak-Kohn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, William Levine Hall, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Life Sciences Building, New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (V.P.); (B.M.-K.)
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25
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Ge Y, Tang J, Ullah A, Ullah S, Sarwar MN, Kim IS. Sabina chinensis leaf extracted and in situ incorporated polycaprolactone/polyvinylpyrrolidone electrospun microfibers for antibacterial application. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18231-18240. [PMID: 35480946 PMCID: PMC9033436 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01061a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sabina chinensis is a valuable reforestation conifer and traditional medicinal plant. In order to retain the physiological and pharmacological activities of the plant and obtain a fibrous material with better antibacterial properties, a mixed solvent of dichloromethane and N,N'-dimethylformamide was used to obtain the leaf extracts, and Sabina chinensis leaf extract (ScLE)-loaded PCL/PVP microfibers were successfully fabricated by electrospinning. The whole preparation process was carried out at room temperature to avoid deterioration of active ingredients. From the antibacterial activity test, it was observed that ScLE-loaded polycaprolactone/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PCL/PVP) microfibers had potential antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria stains. The morphological properties of the prepared microfibers were observed by SEM. As the proportion of ScLE increased, the fiber diameter gradually increased and the surface was smooth. The excess ScLE addition caused the formation of beads during electrospinning. Considering different characterization results, 33% (v/v) addition of ScLE to the spinning solution was the optimum ratio. The winding structure obtained by the interaction of components in ScLE with PCL and PVP was confirmed by FTIR, XRD and WCA tests, which indicated that ScLE-loaded microfibers possessed excellent thermal stability, tear resistance and degradation resistance. It is expected that the prepared composite microfibers have potential applications as robust antibacterial meshes and films in the fields of biomedicine and air purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Ge
- School of Textile and Clothing, Nantong University Nantong 226019 PR China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Technical Fiber Composites for Safety and Protection, Nantong University Nantong 226019 PR China
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering IFES-Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research ICCER, Shinshu University Tokida 3-15-1 Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Jiapeng Tang
- Department of Physiology and Hypoxic Biomedicine, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University Nantong 226019 PR China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University Nantong 226001 PR China
| | - Azeem Ullah
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering IFES-Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research ICCER, Shinshu University Tokida 3-15-1 Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Sana Ullah
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering IFES-Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research ICCER, Shinshu University Tokida 3-15-1 Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Muhammad Nauman Sarwar
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering IFES-Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research ICCER, Shinshu University Tokida 3-15-1 Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
| | - Ick-Soo Kim
- Nano Fusion Technology Research Group, Division of Frontier Fibers, Institute for Fiber Engineering IFES-Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research ICCER, Shinshu University Tokida 3-15-1 Ueda Nagano 386-8567 Japan
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Martín-Illana A, Cazorla-Luna R, Notario-Pérez F, Bedoya LM, Rubio J, Tamayo A, Ruiz-Caro R, Veiga MD. Smart vaginal bilayer films of Tenofovir based on Eudragit® L100/natural polymer for the prevention of the sexual transmission of HIV. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120665. [PMID: 33933643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the absence of an effective vaccine, vaginal microbicides are essential for preventing the sexual transmission of HIV to women. Antiretroviral vaginal films have emerged as promising choices, especially those offering mucoadhesivity and controlled drug release. Tenofovir-loaded bilayer films based on Eudragit® L100 (EL100) and a biopolymer - gum arabic, karaya gum, pectin or tragacanth gum - were developed in a single-stage process. Cytotoxicity studies in three human cell lines indicated no toxicity of the excipients at the concentrations tested. Raman spectroscopy and SEM confirmed the formation of the two layers and their anchoring. Texture analysis showed no major differences between the batches. The swelling of the film is conditioned by its biopolymer nature and by the amount of EL100, which acts as structuring agent thus enhancing swelling. Tragacanth gum-based batches showed high mucoadhesion regardless the amount of EL100. The controlled release of Tenofovir in simulated vaginal fluid was faster in the presence of simulated seminal fluid due to the dissolution of EL100. Films containing 400 mg of EL100 and tragacanth gum are promising candidates for future studies, as they could sexually safeguard women from HIV for at least one week and ensure greater protection during intercourse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Araceli Martín-Illana
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Raúl Cazorla-Luna
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Fernando Notario-Pérez
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Luis Miguel Bedoya
- Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan Rubio
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass, Spanish National Research Council, C/ Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aitana Tamayo
- Institute of Ceramics and Glass, Spanish National Research Council, C/ Kelsen 5, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Roberto Ruiz-Caro
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Dolores Veiga
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Food Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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Notario-Pérez F, Cazorla-Luna R, Martín-Illana A, Galante J, Ruiz-Caro R, Sarmento B, das Neves J, Veiga MD. Influence of Plasticizers on the pH-Dependent Drug Release and Cellular Interactions of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose/Zein Vaginal Anti-HIV Films Containing Tenofovir. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:938-948. [PMID: 33405910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vaginal films featuring the pH-dependent release of tenofovir (TFV) were developed for the prevention of sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV). Films based on hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and zein were prepared incorporating different plasticizers [oleic acid, lactic acid, glycerol, and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG)] and evaluated for in vitro drug release in an acidic simulated vaginal fluid (pH 4.2) and a slightly alkaline mixture of simulated seminal and vaginal fluids (pH 7.5). Results revealed that optimal biphasic TFV release was possible with proper combination of plasticizers (PEG and oleic acid, 1:7 w/w) and by adjusting the plasticizer/matrix-forming material ratio. The films had similar or higher levels of TFV associated with genital epithelial cells (Ca Ski or HEC-1-A cells) but lower drug permeability compared to the free drug. These data confirm that films have the potential to achieve suitable mucosal levels of TFV with low systemic exposure. The films developed could protect women from HIV sexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Notario-Pérez
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl Cazorla-Luna
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Araceli Martín-Illana
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joana Galante
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberto Ruiz-Caro
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - José das Neves
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - María-Dolores Veiga
- Departamento de Farmacia Galénica y Tecnología Alimentaria, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Pandey M, Choudhury H, Abdul-Aziz A, Bhattamisra SK, Gorain B, Carine T, Wee Toong T, Yi NJ, Win Yi L. Promising Drug Delivery Approaches to Treat Microbial Infections in the Vagina: A Recent Update. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E26. [PMID: 33374756 PMCID: PMC7795176 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An optimal host-microbiota interaction in the human vagina governs the reproductive health status of a woman. The marked depletion in the beneficial Lactobacillus sp. increases the risk of infection with sexually transmitted pathogens, resulting in gynaecological issues. Vaginal infections that are becoming increasingly prevalent, especially among women of reproductive age, require an effective concentration of antimicrobial drugs at the infectious sites for complete disease eradication. Thus, topical treatment is recommended as it allows direct therapeutic action, reduced drug doses and side effects, and self-insertion. However, the alterations in the physiological conditions of the vagina affect the effectiveness of vaginal drug delivery considerably. Conventional vaginal dosage forms are often linked to low retention time in the vagina and discomfort which significantly reduces patient compliance. The lack of optimal prevention and treatment approaches have contributed to the unacceptably high rate of recurrence for vaginal diseases. To combat these limitations, several novel approaches including nano-systems, mucoadhesive polymeric systems, and stimuli-responsive systems have been developed in recent years. This review discusses and summarises the recent research progress of these novel approaches for vaginal drug delivery against various vaginal diseases. An overview of the concept and challenges of vaginal infections, anatomy and physiology of the vagina, and barriers to vaginal drug delivery are also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Centre for Bioactive Molecules and Drug Delivery, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
- Centre for Bioactive Molecules and Drug Delivery, Institute for Research, Development and Innovation, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Azila Abdul-Aziz
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia; or
| | - Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia;
- Center for Drug Delivery and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Teng Carine
- Undergraduate School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (T.C.); (T.W.T.); (N.J.Y.); (L.W.Y.)
| | - Tan Wee Toong
- Undergraduate School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (T.C.); (T.W.T.); (N.J.Y.); (L.W.Y.)
| | - Ngiam Jing Yi
- Undergraduate School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (T.C.); (T.W.T.); (N.J.Y.); (L.W.Y.)
| | - Lim Win Yi
- Undergraduate School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia; (T.C.); (T.W.T.); (N.J.Y.); (L.W.Y.)
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