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Cheng W, Ren W, Ye P, He L, Bao D, Yue T, Lai J, Wu Y, Wei Y, Wu Z, Piao JG. Camouflaging nanoreactor traverse the blood-brain barrier to catalyze redox cascade for synergistic therapy of glioblastoma. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122702. [PMID: 39008916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a complex and highly restrictive barrier that prevents most biomolecules and drugs from entering the brain. However, effective strategies for delivering drugs to the brain are urgently needed for the treatment of glioblastoma. Based on the efficient BBB penetration properties of exosomes derived from brain metastatic breast cancer cells (EB), this work prepared a nanoreactor (denoted as MAG@EB), which was constructed by self-assembly of Mn2+, arsenate and glucose oxidase (GOx) into nanoparticles wrapped with EB. MAG@EB can enhance the efficiency of traversing the BBB, target and accumulate at in situ glioblastoma sites. The GOx-driven glycolysis effectively cuts off the glucose supply while also providing an abundance of H2O2 and lowering pH. Meanwhile, the released Mn2+ mediated Fenton-like reaction converts elevated H2O2 into highly toxic ·OH. Besides, AsV was reduced to AsIII by glutathione, and the tumor suppressor gene P53 was activated by AsIII to kill glioblastoma cells. Glioblastoma succumbed to the redox cascade triggered by MAG@EB, as the results demonstrated in vivo and in vitro, yielding a remarkable therapeutic effect. This work provides a promising therapeutic option mediated by cascaded nanoreactors for the future treatment of glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- WeiYi Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - WeiYe Ren
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Dandan Bao
- Department of Dermatology & Cosmetology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Tianxiang Yue
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Jianjun Lai
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310030, China
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou 310013, China
| | - YingHui Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Zhibing Wu
- Department of Oncology, Zhejiang Hospital, Hangzhou, 310030, China.
| | - Ji-Gang Piao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Qiao L, Du X, Wang H, Wang Z, Gao S, Zhao CQ. Research Progress on the Strategies for Crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:4786-4803. [PMID: 39231367 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
Recently, the incidence of brain diseases, such as central nervous system degenerative diseases, brain tumors, and cerebrovascular diseases, has increased. However, the blood-brain barrier (BBB) limits the effective delivery of drugs to brain disease areas. Therefore, the mainstream direction of new drug development for these diseases is to engineer drugs that can better cross the BBB to exert their effects in the brain. This paper reviews the research progress and application of the main trans-BBB drug delivery strategies (receptor/transporter-mediated BBB crossing, focused ultrasound to open the BBB, adenosine agonist reversible opening of the BBB, aromatic resuscitation, transnasal administration, cell-mediated trans-BBB crossing, and viral vector system-mediated brain drug delivery). Meanwhile, the potential applications, advantages, and disadvantages of these strategies for crossing the BBB are analyzed. Finally, the future development prospects of strategies for crossing the BBB are also discussed. These strategies have potential value for treating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Qiao
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Xiuwei Du
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Intelligence and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Gao
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Qin Zhao
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, P. R. China
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Pourmasoumi P, Abdouss M, Farhadi M, Jameie SB, Khonakdar HA. Co-delivery of temozolomide and quercetin with folic acid-conjugated exosomes in glioblastoma treatment. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39360642 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2024.2395234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: The study aims to improve glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) treatment by combining temozolomide (TMZ) and quercetin (Qct), using folic acid (FA)-conjugated exosomes to overcome TMZ resistance and enhance blood-brain barrier (BBB) penetration.Methods: Exosomes were isolated and after characterizing and modifying their surfaces with FA, drug loading of TMZ and Qct into exosomes was done. In vitro assays, including cell viability tests, RT-PCR, Western-blotting and flow-cytometry, were performed using U87MG and U251MG GBM cell lines. In vivo analysis included administering exosome-drug formulations to glioblastoma-bearing Wistar rats, monitored through optical imaging and PET scans, followed by post-mortem immunohistochemistry and histological examination.Results: The results showed successful exosome isolation and FA conjugation, with drug release studies indicating accelerated release of TMZ and Qct in acidic conditions, enhancing cytotoxicity. Immunofluorescence indicated greater exosome uptake in GBM cells due to FA conjugation. Cell viability assays demonstrated increased toxicity of the combination therapy, correlating with elevated apoptosis. In vivo studies revealed significant tumor size reduction, alongside increased apoptosis and reduced angiogenesis, particularly in the TMZ-Qct-Exo-FA group.Conclusion: FA-conjugated exosomes loaded with TMZ and Qct represent a promising strategy to enhance GBM treatment efficacy by improving drug delivery, apoptosis induction and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Pourmasoumi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Abdouss
- Department of Chemistry, Amirkabir University of Technology, P.O. Box 15875-4413, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Farhadi
- Department of Microbiology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Ali Khonakdar
- Department of Polymer Processing, Iran Polymer & Petrochemical Institute, P.O. Box 14965-115, Tehran, Iran
- Max Bergman Center for Biomaterials, Institute of Materials Science, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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Cunha Silva L, Branco F, Cunha J, Vitorino C, Gomes C, Carrascal MA, Falcão A, Miguel Neves B, Teresa Cruz M. The potential of exosomes as a new therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 203:114460. [PMID: 39218361 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) stands for the most common and aggressive type of brain tumour in adults. It is highly invasive, which explains its short rate of survival. Little is known about its risk factors, and current therapy is still ineffective. Hence, efforts are underway to develop novel and effective treatment approaches against this type of cancer. Exosomes are being explored as a promising strategy for conveying and delivering therapeutic cargo to GBM cells. They can fuse with the GBM cell membrane and, consequently, serve as delivery systems in this context. Due to their nanoscale size, exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which constitutes a significant hurdle to most chemotherapeutic drugs used against GBM. They can subsequently inhibit oncogenes, activate tumour suppressor genes, induce immune responses, and control cell growth. However, despite representing a promising tool for the treatment of GBM, further research and clinical studies regarding exosome biology, engineering, and clinical applications still need to be completed. Here, we sought to review the application of exosomes in the treatment of GBM through an in-depth analysis of the scientific and clinical studies on the entire process, from the isolation and purification of exosomes to their design and transformation into anti-oncogenic drug delivery systems. Surface modification of exosomes to enhance BBB penetration and GBM-cell targeting is also a topic of discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonor Cunha Silva
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Francisco Branco
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Joana Cunha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004 535, Portugal
| | - Célia Gomes
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIBB, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-504, Portugal
| | - Mylène A Carrascal
- Tecnimede Group, Sintra 2710-089, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CNC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, CIBIT, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal
| | - Bruno Miguel Neves
- Department of Medical Sciences and Institute of Biomedicine, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, FFUC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, iCBR, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-548, Portugal; Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CNC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3004-504, Portugal.
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Vahab SA, V VK, Kumar VS. Exosome-based drug delivery systems for enhanced neurological therapeutics. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01710-x. [PMID: 39325272 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01710-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/27/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles naturally secreted by cells into body fluids, enriched with bioactive molecules such as RNAs, proteins, and lipids. These nanosized vesicles play a crucial role in physiological and pathological processes by facilitating intercellular communication and modulating cellular responses, particularly within the central nervous system (CNS). Their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and reflect the characteristics of their parent cells makes exosomal cargo a promising candidate for biomarkers in the early diagnosis and clinical assessment of neurological conditions. This review offers a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on the characterization of mammalian-derived exosomes, their application as drug delivery systems for neurological disorders, and ongoing clinical trials involving exosome-loaded cargo. Despite their promising attributes, a significant challenge remains the lack of standardized isolation methods, as current techniques are often complex, costly, and require sophisticated equipment, affecting the scalability and affordability of exosome-based therapies. The review highlights the engineering potential of exosomes, emphasizing their ability to be customized for targeted therapeutic delivery through surface modification or conjugation. Future advancements in addressing these challenges and leveraging the unique properties of exosomes could lead to innovative and effective therapeutic strategies in neurology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa A Vahab
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Vyshma K V
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India
| | - Vrinda S Kumar
- Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi-682041, Kerala, India.
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Al-Ani SA, Lee QY, Maheswaran D, Sin YM, Loh JS, Foo JB, Hamzah S, Ng JF, Tan LKS. Potential of Exosomes as Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Targeted Drug Delivery. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-024-01268-6. [PMID: 39269575 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-024-01268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Exosomes are small vesicles that form when multivesicular bodies fuse with the plasma membrane and are released into body fluids. They play a vital role in facilitating communication between cells by transferring different biomolecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids, over both short and long distances. They also function as vital mediators in both states of health and disease, exerting an impact on several physiological processes. Exosomes have been modified to overcome the limitations of natural exosomes to enhance their potential as carriers for drug delivery systems, and these modifications aim to improve the drug delivery efficiency, enhance tissue and organ targeting, and prolong the circulating half-life of exosomes. This review discussed recent advancements in exosome nanotechnology, as well as the progression and use of exosomes for drug delivery. The potential commercialisation and challenges associated with the use of exosome-based drug delivery systems were also discussed, aiming to motivate the development of exosome-based theranostic nanoplatforms and nanotechnology for improved healthcare treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safa Ali Al-Ani
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qiao Ying Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Danesha Maheswaran
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuh Miin Sin
- Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Jalan Bedong, 08100, Semeling, Kedah Darulaman, Malaysia
| | - Jian Sheng Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor campus, 42300 Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sharina Hamzah
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jeck Fei Ng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Kar Stella Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Digital Health and Medical Advancements Impact Lab, Taylor's University, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Gawel AM, Betkowska A, Gajda E, Godlewska M, Gawel D. Current Non-Metal Nanoparticle-Based Therapeutic Approaches for Glioblastoma Treatment. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1822. [PMID: 39200286 PMCID: PMC11351974 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The increase in the variety of nano-based tools offers new possibilities to approach the therapy of poorly treatable tumors, which includes glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; a primary brain tumor). The available nanocomplexes exhibit great potential as vehicles for the targeted delivery of anti-GBM compounds, including chemotherapeutics, nucleic acids, and inhibitors. The main advantages of nanoparticles (NPs) include improved drug stability, increased penetration of the blood-brain barrier, and better precision of tumor targeting. Importantly, alongside their drug-delivery ability, NPs may also present theranostic properties, including applications for targeted imaging or photothermal therapy of malignant brain cells. The available NPs can be classified into two categories according to their core, which can be metal or non-metal based. Among non-metal NPs, the most studied in regard to GBM treatment are exosomes, liposomes, cubosomes, polymeric NPs, micelles, dendrimers, nanogels, carbon nanotubes, and silica- and selenium-based NPs. They are characterized by satisfactory stability and biocompatibility, limited toxicity, and high accumulation in the targeted tumor tissue. Moreover, they can be easily functionalized for the improved delivery of their cargo to GBM cells. Therefore, the non-metal NPs discussed here, offer a promising approach to improving the treatment outcomes of aggressive GBM tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata M. Gawel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chalubinskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Betkowska
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.); (E.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Ewa Gajda
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.); (E.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Marlena Godlewska
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.); (E.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Damian Gawel
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education, Marymoncka 99/103, 01-813 Warsaw, Poland; (A.B.); (E.G.); (M.G.)
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Shahzad KA, Wang Z, Li X, Li J, Xu M, Tan F. Immunomodulatory effect of PLGA-encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells-derived exosomes for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1429442. [PMID: 39040099 PMCID: PMC11260627 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1429442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an upper airway inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa. Conventional treatments such as symptomatic pharmacotherapy and allergen-specific immunotherapy have considerable limitations and drawbacks. As an emerging therapy with regenerative potential and immunomodulatory effect, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) have recently been trialed for the treatment of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Methods In order to achieve sustained and protected release of MSC-Exos for intranasal administration, we fabricated Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) micro and nanoparticles-encapsulated MSC-Exos (PLGA-Exos) using mechanical double emulsion for local treatment of AR. Preclinical in vivo imaging, ELISA, qPCR, flow cytometry, immunohistochemical staining, and multiomics sequencing were used for phenotypic and mechanistic evaluation of the therapeutic effect of PLGA-Exos in vitro and in vivo. Results The results showed that our PLGA platform could efficiently encapsulate and release the exosomes in a sustained manner. At protein level, PLGA-Exos treatment upregulated IL-2, IL-10 and IFN-γ, and downregulated IL-4, IL-17 and antigen-specific IgE in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced AR mice. At cellular level, exosomes treatment reduced Th2 cells, increased Tregs, and reestablished Th1/Th2 balance. At tissue level, PLGA-Exos significantly attenuated the infiltration of immune cells (e.g., eosinophils and goblet cells) in nasal mucosa. Finally, multiomics analysis discovered several signaling cascades, e.g., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) pathway and glycolysis pathway, that might mechanistically support the immunomodulatory effect of PLGA-Exos. Discussion For the first time, we present a biomaterial-facilitated local delivery system for stem cell-derived exosomes as a novel and promising strategy for AR treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khawar Ali Shahzad
- Department of ORL-HNS, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Plasma Medicine and Surgical Implants Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of ORL-HNS, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuran Li
- Department of ORL-HNS, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Plasma Medicine and Surgical Implants Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaojiao Li
- Department of ORL-HNS, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Plasma Medicine and Surgical Implants Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Maoxiang Xu
- Department of ORL-HNS, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Plasma Medicine and Surgical Implants Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Tan
- Department of ORL-HNS, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Plasma Medicine and Surgical Implants Center, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- The Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- The Royal College of Surgeons of England, London, United Kingdom
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Hao X, Wang S, Wang L, Li J, Li Y, Liu J. Exosomes as drug delivery systems in glioma immunotherapy. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:340. [PMID: 38890722 PMCID: PMC11184820 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, the significant benefits of cancer immunotherapy for most cancers have been demonstrated in clinical and preclinical studies. However, the efficacy of these immunotherapies for gliomas is limited, owing to restricted drug delivery and insufficient immune activation. As drug carriers, exosomes offer the advantages of low toxicity, good biocompatibility, and intrinsic cell targeting, which could enhance glioma immunotherapy efficacy. However, a review of exosome-based drug delivery systems for glioma immunotherapy has not been presented. This review introduces the current problems in glioma immunotherapy and the role of exosomes in addressing these issues. Meanwhile, preparation and application strategies of exosome-based drug delivery systems for glioma immunotherapy are discussed, especially for enhancing immunogenicity and reversing the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Finally, we briefly describe the challenges of exosome-based drug delivery systems in clinical translation. We anticipate that this review will guide the use of exosomes as drug carriers for glioma immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqing Hao
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Lianhe Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
- Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, No. 57 Xinda Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116085, China
| | - Shiming Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Lianhe Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Lianhe Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
- Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, No. 57 Xinda Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116085, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Reproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 222 Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116011, China
| | - Ying Li
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Lianhe Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China.
- Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, No. 57 Xinda Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116085, China.
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193 Lianhe Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China.
- Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, No. 57 Xinda Road, Dalian, Liaoning, 116085, China.
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10
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Cela I, Capone E, Trevisi G, Sala G. Extracellular vesicles in glioblastoma: Biomarkers and therapeutic tools. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 101:25-43. [PMID: 38754752 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive tumor among the gliomas and intracranial tumors and to date prognosis for GBM patients remains poor, with a median survival typically measured in months to a few years depending on various factors. Although standardized therapies are routinely employed, it is clear that these strategies are unable to cope with heterogeneity and invasiveness of GBM. Furthermore, diagnosis and monitoring of responses to therapies are directly dependent on tissue biopsies or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. From this point of view, liquid biopsies are arising as key sources of a variety of biomarkers with the advantage of being easily accessible and monitorable. In this context, extracellular vesicles (EVs), physiologically shed into body fluids by virtually all cells, are gaining increasing interest both as natural carriers of biomarkers and as specific signatures even for GBM. What makes these vesicles particularly attractive is they are also emerging as therapeutical vehicles to treat GBM given their native ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Here, we reviewed recent advances on the use of EVs as biomarker for liquid biopsy and nanocarriers for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cela
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emily Capone
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianluca Trevisi
- Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy; Neurosurgical Unit, Santo Spirito Hospital, Pescara 65121, Italy
| | - Gianluca Sala
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine & Dentistry, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Louka E, Koumandou VL. The Emerging Role of Human Gut Bacteria Extracellular Vesicles in Mental Disorders and Developing New Pharmaceuticals. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:4751-4767. [PMID: 38785554 PMCID: PMC11120620 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46050286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, further evidence has emerged regarding the involvement of extracellular vesicles in various human physiopathological conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, irritable bowel syndrome, and mental disorders. The biogenesis and cargo of such vesicles may reveal their impact on human health nd disease and set the underpinnings for the development of novel chemical compounds and pharmaceuticals. In this review, we examine the link between bacteria-derived exosomes in the gastrointestinal tract and mental disorders, such as depression and anxiety disorders. Crucially, we focus on whether changes in the gut environment affect the human mental state or the other way around. Furthermore, the possibility of handling bacteria-derived exosomes as vectors of chemicals to treat such conditions is examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Effrosyni Louka
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Lila Koumandou
- Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece
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12
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Fu H, Wu S, Shen H, Luo K, Huang Z, Lu N, Li Y, Lan Q, Xian Y. Glutamine Metabolism Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma Unveils an Innovative Combination Therapy Strategy. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:52. [PMID: 38724832 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) remains challenging. Unraveling the orchestration of glutamine metabolism may provide a novel viewpoint on GBM therapy. The study presented a full and comprehensive comprehending of the glutamine metabolism atlas and heterogeneity in GBM for facilitating the development of a more effective therapeutic choice. Transcriptome data from large GBM cohorts were integrated in this study. A glutamine metabolism-based classification was established through consensus clustering approach, and a classifier by LASSO analysis was defined for differentiating the classification. Prognosis, signaling pathway activity, tumor microenvironment, and responses to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) and small molecular drugs were characterized in each cluster. A combinational therapy of glutaminase inhibitor CB839 with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) was proposed, and the influence on glutamine metabolism, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and migration was measured in U251 and U373 cells. We discovered that GBM presented heterogeneous glutamine metabolism-based clusters, with unique survival outcomes, activity of signaling pathways, tumor microenvironment, and responses to ICB and small molecular compounds. In addition, the classifier could accurately differentiate the two clusters. Strikingly, the combinational therapy of CB839 with DHA synergistically attenuated glutamine metabolism, triggered apoptosis and ROS accumulation, and impaired migrative capacity in GBM cells, demonstrating the excellent preclinical efficacy. Altogether, our findings unveil the glutamine metabolism heterogeneity in GBM and propose an innovative combination therapy of CB839 with DHA for this malignant disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangde Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530031, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530005, China.
| | - Shengtian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530031, China
| | - Hechun Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530031, China
| | - Kai Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530031, China
| | - Zhongxiang Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530031, China
| | - Nankun Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530031, China
| | - Yaolin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530031, China
| | - Qian Lan
- Department of Laboratory, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530031, China
| | - Yishun Xian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Nanning People's Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, 530031, China
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13
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Chitkara D, Mahato RI. Drug and nucleic acid delivery and targeting to the brain. J Control Release 2024; 369:684-686. [PMID: 37778467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| | - Ram I Mahato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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14
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Li G, Xiong Z, Li Y, Yan C, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Li J, Dai Z, Zhang D, Du W, Men C, Shi C. Hypoxic microenvironment-induced exosomes confer temozolomide resistance in glioma through transfer of pyruvate kinase M2. Discov Oncol 2024; 15:110. [PMID: 38598023 PMCID: PMC11006647 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-024-00963-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glioma, a malignant primary brain tumor, is notorious for its high incidence rate. However, the clinical application of temozolomide (TMZ) as a treatment option for glioma is often limited due to resistance, which has been linked to hypoxic glioma cell-released exosomes. In light of this, the present study aimed to investigate the role of exosomal pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in glioma cells that exhibit resistance to TMZ. METHODS Sensitive and TMZ-resistant glioma cells were subjected to either a normoxic or hypoxic environment, and the growth patterns and enzymatic activity of glycolysis enzymes were subsequently measured. From these cells, exosomal PKM2 was isolated and the subsequent effect on TMZ resistance was examined and characterized, with a particular focus on understanding the relevant mechanisms. Furthermore, the intercellular communication between hypoxic resistant cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) via exosomal PKM2 was also assessed. RESULTS The adverse impact of hypoxic microenvironments on TMZ resistance in glioma cells was identified and characterized. Among the three glycolysis enzymes that were examined, PKM2 was found to be a critical mediator in hypoxia-triggered TMZ resistance. Upregulation of PKM2 was found to exacerbate the hypoxia-mediated TMZ resistance. Exosomal PKM2 were identified and isolated from hypoxic TMZ-resistant glioma cells, and were found to be responsible for transmitting TMZ resistance to sensitive glioma cells. The exosomal PKM2 also contributed towards mitigating TMZ-induced apoptosis in sensitive glioma cells, while also causing intracellular ROS accumulation. Additionally, hypoxic resistant cells also released exosomal PKM2, which facilitated TMZ resistance in tumor-associated macrophages. CONCLUSION In the hypoxic microenvironment, glioma cells become resistant to TMZ due to the delivery of PKM2 by exosomes. Targeted modulation of exosomal PKM2 may be a promising strategy for overcoming TMZ resistance in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ziyu Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Cong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yingying Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yuwen Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingwei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zifeng Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wenzhong Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunyang Men
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Changbin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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15
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Kim HI, Park J, Zhu Y, Wang X, Han Y, Zhang D. Recent advances in extracellular vesicles for therapeutic cargo delivery. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:836-849. [PMID: 38556545 PMCID: PMC11059217 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes, which are nanosized vesicles secreted by cells, are attracting increasing interest in the field of biomedical research due to their unique properties, including biocompatibility, cargo loading capacity, and deep tissue penetration. They serve as natural signaling agents in intercellular communication, and their inherent ability to carry proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids endows them with remarkable therapeutic potential. Thus, exosomes can be exploited for diverse therapeutic applications, including chemotherapy, gene therapy, and photothermal therapy. Moreover, their capacity for homotypic targeting and self-recognition provides opportunities for personalized medicine. Despite their advantages as novel therapeutic agents, there are several challenges in optimizing cargo loading efficiency and structural stability and in defining exosome origins. Future research should include the development of large-scale, quality-controllable production methods, the refinement of drug loading strategies, and extensive in vivo studies and clinical trials. Despite the unresolved difficulties, the use of exosomes as efficient, stable, and safe therapeutic delivery systems is an interesting area in biomedical research. Therefore, this review describes exosomes and summarizes cutting-edge studies published in high-impact journals that have introduced novel or enhanced therapeutic effects using exosomes as a drug delivery system in the past 2 years. We provide an informative overview of the current state of exosome research, highlighting the unique properties and therapeutic applications of exosomes. We also emphasize challenges and future directions, underscoring the importance of addressing key issues in the field. With this review, we encourage researchers to further develop exosome-based drugs for clinical application, as such drugs may be among the most promising next-generation therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo In Kim
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yin Zhu
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Yohan Han
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea.
- Sarcopenia Total Solution Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, 54538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Duo Zhang
- Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia and Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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16
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Tian L, Lu J, Ng IOL. Extracellular vesicles and cancer stemness in hepatocellular carcinoma - is there a link? Front Immunol 2024; 15:1368898. [PMID: 38476233 PMCID: PMC10927723 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1368898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy, with high recurrence rates and notorious resistance to conventional chemotherapy. Cancer stemness refers to the stem-cell-like phenotype of cancer cells and has been recognized to play important roles in different aspects of hepatocarcinogenesis. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are small membranous particles secreted by cells that can transfer bioactive molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites, to neighboring or distant cells. Recent studies have highlighted the role of sEVs in modulating different aspects of the cancer stemness properties of HCC. Furthermore, sEVs derived from diverse cellular sources, such as cancer cells, stromal cells, and immune cells, contribute to the maintenance of the cancer stemness phenotype in HCC. Through cargo transfer, specific signaling pathways are activated within the recipient cells, thus promoting the stemness properties. Additionally, sEVs can govern the secretion of growth factors from non-cancer cells to further maintain their stemness features. Clinically, plasma sEVs may hold promise as potential biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and treatment prediction. Understanding the underlying mechanisms by which sEVs promote cancer stemness in HCC is crucial, as targeting sEV-mediated communication may offer novel strategies in treatment and improve patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Tian
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingyi Lu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Irene Oi-Lin Ng
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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17
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Verma P, Joshi H, Singh T, Sharma B, Sharma U, Ramniwas S, Rana R, Gupta M, Kaur G, Tuli HS. Temozolomide and flavonoids against glioma: from absorption and metabolism to exosomal delivery. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:41-57. [PMID: 37566307 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Patients with glioblastoma multiforme and anaplastic astrocytoma are treated with temozolomide. Although it has been demonstrated that temozolomide increases GBM patient survival, it has also been connected to negative immune-related adverse effects. Numerous research investigations have shown that flavonoids have strong antioxidant and chemo-preventive effects. Consequently, it might lessen chemotherapeutic medicines' side effects while also increasing therapeutic effectiveness. The need for creating innovative, secure, and efficient drug carriers for cancer therapy has increased over time. Recent research indicates that exosomes have enormous potential to serve as carriers and cutting-edge drug delivery systems to the target cell. In recent years, researchers have been paying considerable attention to exosomes because of their favorable biodistribution, biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. In the present review, the mechanistic information of the anti-glioblastoma effects of temozolomide and flavonoids coupled with their exosomal delivery to the targeted cell has been discussed. In addition, we discuss the safety aspects of temozolomide and flavonoids against glioma. The in-depth information of temozolomide and flavonoids action via exosomal delivery can unravel novel strategies to target Glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Verma
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Hemant Joshi
- School of Biotechnology, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Tejveer Singh
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Hansraj College, Delhi University, New Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Bunty Sharma
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Ujjawal Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bhatinda, 151001, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Rashmi Rana
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, 122016, India.
| | - Madhu Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Vile Parle-West, Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India.
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18
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Tan S, Yu H, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Lou G. Hypoxic tumour-derived exosomal miR-1225-5p regulates M2 macrophage polarisation via toll-like receptor 2 to promote ovarian cancer progress. Autoimmunity 2023; 56:2281226. [PMID: 38010845 DOI: 10.1080/08916934.2023.2281226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-secreted exosomes are critical for the functional regulation of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This study aimed to explore how exosomes secreted by ovarian carcinoma cells regulate the phenotype and function of macrophages. Hypoxic treatment of A2780 cells was postulated to mimic the tumor microenvironment, and exosomes were co-cultured with TAMs. miR-1225-5p was enriched in hypoxic exosomes and contributed to M2 macrophage polarizationby modulating Toll-like receptor 2 expression (TLR2). Furthermore, hypoxia-treated macrophages promote ovarian cancer cell viability, migration, and invasion via the wnt/β-catenin pathway. This study clarified that exosomal miR-1225-5p promotes macrophage M2-like polarization by targeting TLR2 to promote ovarian cancer, which may via the wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Tan
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Yu
- Nangang District of Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaocong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecology Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
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19
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Chen J, Zhang G, Wan Y, Xia B, Ni Q, Shan S, Hu Z, Liang XJ. Immune cell-derived exosomes as promising tools for cancer therapy. J Control Release 2023; 364:508-528. [PMID: 37939852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles with a size of 30-150 nm secreted by living cells. They are vital players in cellular communication as they can transport proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and etc. Immune cell-derived exosomes (imEXOs) have great potential for tumor therapy because they have many of the same functions as their parent cells. Especially, imEXOs display unique constitutive characteristics that are directly involved in tumor therapy. Herein, we begin by the biogenesis, preparation, characterization and cargo loading strategies of imEXOs. Next, we focus on therapeutic potentials of imEXOs from different kinds of immune cells against cancer from preclinical and clinical studies. Finally, we discuss advantages of engineered imEXOs and potential risks of imEXOs in cancer treatment. The advantages of engineered imEXOs are highlighted, including selective killing effect, effective tumor targeting, effective lymph node targeting, immune activation and regulation, and good biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junge Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Yichen Wan
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Bozhang Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Qiankun Ni
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Shaobo Shan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhongbo Hu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China.
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20
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Osaid Z, Haider M, Hamoudi R, Harati R. Exosomes Interactions with the Blood-Brain Barrier: Implications for Cerebral Disorders and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15635. [PMID: 37958619 PMCID: PMC10648512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) is a selective structural and functional barrier between the circulatory system and the cerebral environment, playing an essential role in maintaining cerebral homeostasis by limiting the passage of harmful molecules. Exosomes, nanovesicles secreted by virtually all cell types into body fluids, have emerged as a major mediator of intercellular communication. Notably, these vesicles can cross the BBB and regulate its physiological functions. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which exosomes regulate the BBB remain unclear. Recent research studies focused on the effect of exosomes on the BBB, particularly in the context of their involvement in the onset and progression of various cerebral disorders, including solid and metastatic brain tumors, stroke, neurodegenerative, and neuroinflammatory diseases. This review focuses on discussing and summarizing the current knowledge about the role of exosomes in the physiological and pathological modulation of the BBB. A better understanding of this regulation will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of cerebral diseases and will enable the design of effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaynab Osaid
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Mohamed Haider
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London W1W 7EJ, UK
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah P.O. Box 27272, United Arab Emirates;
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21
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Jiang L, Qi Y, Yang L, Miao Y, Ren W, Liu H, Huang Y, Huang S, Chen S, Shi Y, Cai L. Remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment via siRNA therapy for precision cancer treatment. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100852. [PMID: 37920650 PMCID: PMC10618707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
How to effectively transform the pro-oncogenic tumor microenvironments (TME) surrounding a tumor into an anti-tumoral never fails to attract people to study. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is considered one of the most noteworthy research directions that can regulate gene expression following a process known as RNA interference (RNAi). The research about siRNA delivery targeting tumor cells and TME has been on the rise in recent years. Using siRNA drugs to silence critical proteins in TME was one of the most efficient solutions. However, the manufacture of a siRNA delivery system faces three major obstacles, i.e., appropriate cargo protection, accurately targeted delivery, and site-specific cargo release. In the following review, we summarized the pharmacological actions of siRNA drugs in remolding TME. In addition, the delivery strategies of siRNA drugs and combination therapy with siRNA drugs to remodel TME are thoroughly discussed. In the meanwhile, the most recent advancements in the development of all clinically investigated and commercialized siRNA delivery technologies are also presented. Ultimately, we propose that nanoparticle drug delivery siRNA may be the future research focus of oncogene therapy. This summary offers a thorough analysis and roadmap for general readers working in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Jiang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yao Qi
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Jianyang People's Hospital of Sichuan Province, Jianyang 641400, China
| | - Yangbao Miao
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Weiming Ren
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Shan Huang
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Shiyin Chen
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yi Shi
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study and Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Health Management Center, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Lulu Cai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
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22
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Kumar SK, Sasidhar MV. Recent Trends in the Use of Small Extracellular Vesicles as Optimal Drug Delivery Vehicles in Oncology. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:3829-3842. [PMID: 37410017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are produced by most cells and play an important role in cell-to-cell communication and maintaining cellular homeostasis. Their ability to transfer biological cargo to target cells makes them a promising tool for cancer drug delivery. Advances in sEV engineering, EV mimetics, and ligand-directed targeting have improved the efficacy of anticancer drug delivery and functionality. EV-based RNA interference and hybrid miRNA transfer have also been extensively used in various preclinical cancer models. Despite these developments, gaps still exist in our understanding of using sEVs to treat solid tumor malignancies effectively. This article provides an overview of the last five years of sEV research and its current status for the efficient and targeted elimination of cancer cells, which could advance cancer research and bring sEV formulations into clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarwareddy Kartik Kumar
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad 500033, India
| | - Manda Venkata Sasidhar
- Apollo Hospitals Educational and Research Foundation (AHERF), Apollo Hospitals, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad 500033, India
- Urvogelbio Private Limited, AHERF, Jubilee Hills, Hyderabad 500033, India
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23
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Tian Y, Zhang T, Li J, Tao Y. Advances in development of exosomes for ophthalmic therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114899. [PMID: 37236425 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes contain multiple bioactive molecules and maintain the connection between cells. Recent advances in exosome-based therapeutics have witnessed unprecedented opportunities in treating ophthalmic diseases, including traumatic diseases, autoimmune diseases, chorioretinal diseases and others. Utilization of exosomes as delivery vectors to encapsulate both drugs and therapeutic genes could yield higher efficacy and avoid the unnecessary immune responses. However, exosome-based therapies also come with some potential ocular risks. In this review, we first present a general introduction to exosomes. Then we provide an overview of available applications and discuss their potential risks. Moreover, we review recently reported exosomes as delivery vectors for ophthalmic diseases. Finally, we put forward future perspectives to grapple with its translation and underlying issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of DNA Damage Response, College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, PR China
| | - Yong Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, PR China.
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24
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Du S, Guan Y, Xie A, Yan Z, Gao S, Li W, Rao L, Chen X, Chen T. Extracellular vesicles: a rising star for therapeutics and drug delivery. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:231. [PMID: 37475025 PMCID: PMC10360328 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-01973-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, natural, cell-derived vesicles that contain the same nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids as their source cells. Thus, they can serve as natural carriers for therapeutic agents and drugs, and have many advantages over conventional nanocarriers, including their low immunogenicity, good biocompatibility, natural blood-brain barrier penetration, and capacity for gene delivery. This review first introduces the classification of EVs and then discusses several currently popular methods for isolating and purifying EVs, EVs-mediated drug delivery, and the functionalization of EVs as carriers. Thereby, it provides new avenues for the development of EVs-based therapeutic strategies in different fields of medicine. Finally, it highlights some challenges and future perspectives with regard to the clinical application of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Du
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Yucheng Guan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Aihua Xie
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Zhao Yan
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Sijia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6007, N22, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China
| | - Weirong Li
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Lang Rao
- Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
| | - Xiaojia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 6007, N22, Taipa, 999078, Macau SAR, China.
| | - Tongkai Chen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 12 Jichang Road, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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25
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Yang Y, Cheng N, Luo Q, Shao N, Ma X, Chen J, Luo L, Xiao Z. How Nanotherapeutic Platforms Play a Key Role in Glioma? A Comprehensive Review of Literature. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:3663-3694. [PMID: 37427368 PMCID: PMC10327925 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s414736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), a highly aggressive form of brain cancer, is considered one of the deadliest cancers, and even with the most advanced medical treatments, most affected patients have a poor prognosis. However, recent advances in nanotechnology offer promising avenues for the development of versatile therapeutic and diagnostic nanoplatforms that can deliver drugs to brain tumor sites through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Despite these breakthroughs, the use of nanoplatforms in GBM therapy has been a subject of great controversy due to concerns over the biosafety of these nanoplatforms. In recent years, biomimetic nanoplatforms have gained unprecedented attention in the biomedical field. With advantages such as extended circulation times, and improved immune evasion and active targeting compared to conventional nanosystems, bionanoparticles have shown great potential for use in biomedical applications. In this prospective article, we endeavor to comprehensively review the application of bionanomaterials in the treatment of glioma, focusing on the rational design of multifunctional nanoplatforms to facilitate BBB infiltration, promote efficient accumulation in the tumor, enable precise tumor imaging, and achieve remarkable tumor suppression. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and future trends in this field. Through careful design and optimization of nanoplatforms, researchers are paving the way toward safer and more effective therapies for GBM patients. The development of biomimetic nanoplatform applications for glioma therapy is a promising avenue for precision medicine, which could ultimately improve patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqing Yang
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nianlan Cheng
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiao Luo
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ni Shao
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaocong Ma
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jifeng Chen
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangping Luo
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyu Xiao
- The Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging for Clinical Translation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China
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26
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Qazi REM, Sajid Z, Zhao C, Hussain I, Iftikhar F, Jameel M, Rehman FU, Mian AA. Lyophilization Based Isolation of Exosomes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10477. [PMID: 37445655 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles which regulate intercellular communication. They have great potential for application in nanomedicine. However, techniques for their isolation are limited by requirements for advanced instruments and costly reagents. In this study, we developed a lyophilization-based method for isolating exosomes from cultured cells. The isolated exosomes were characterized for protein content using Bradford assay, and for size distribution and shape using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nanoparticles tracking analysis (NTA). In addition, CD63, CD9, CD81, HSP70 and TSG101 were evaluated as essential exosomal surface markers using Western blot. Drug loading and release studies were performed to confirm their drug delivery properties using an in vitro model. Exosomes were also loaded with commercial dyes (Cy5, Eosin) for the evaluation of their drug delivery properties. All these characterizations confirmed successful exosome isolation with measurements of less than 150 nm, having a typical shape, and by expressing the known exosome surface protein markers. Finally, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (dasatinib and ponatinib) were loaded on the exosomes to evaluate their anticancer effects on leukemia cells (K562 and engineered Ba/F3-BCR-ABL) using MTT and Annexin-PI assays. The expression of MUC1 protein on the exosomes isolated from MCF-7 cells also indicated that their potential diagnostic properties were intact. In conclusion, we developed a new method for exosome isolation from cultured cells. These exosomes met all the essential requirements in terms of characterization, drug loading and release ability, and inhibition of proliferation and apoptosis induction in Ph+ leukemia cells. Based on these results, we are confident in presenting the lyophilization-based exosome isolation method as an alternative to traditional techniques for exosome isolation from cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida E Maria Qazi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, The Aga Khan University, 1st Flour, Juma Building, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Sajid
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, The Aga Khan University, 1st Flour, Juma Building, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Chunqiu Zhao
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Irfan Hussain
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, The Aga Khan University, 1st Flour, Juma Building, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Fizza Iftikhar
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, The Aga Khan University, 1st Flour, Juma Building, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jameel
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, The Aga Khan University, 1st Flour, Juma Building, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ur Rehman
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, The Aga Khan University, 1st Flour, Juma Building, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Afsar Ali Mian
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, The Aga Khan University, 1st Flour, Juma Building, Stadium Road, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
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27
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Wang J, Liu Y, Liu F, Gan S, Roy S, Hasan I, Zhang B, Guo B. Emerging extracellular vesicle-based carriers for glioblastoma diagnosis and therapy. NANOSCALE 2023. [PMID: 37337814 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr01667f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) treatment is still a big clinical challenge because of its highly malignant, invasive, and lethal characteristics. After treatment with the conventional therapeutic paradigm of surgery combined with radio- and chemotherapy, patients bearing GBMs generally exhibit a poor prognosis, with high mortality and a high disability rate. The main reason is the existence of the formidable blood-brain barrier (BBB), aggressive growth, and the infiltration nature of GBMs. Especially, the BBB suppresses the delivery of imaging and therapeutic agents to lesion sites, and thus this leads to difficulties in achieving a timely diagnosis and treatment. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) exhibit favorable merits including good biocompatibility, a strong drug loading capacity, long circulation time, good BBB crossing efficiency, specific targeting to lesion sites, and high efficiency in the delivery of a variety of cargos for GBM therapy. Importantly, EVs inherit physiological and pathological molecules from the source cells, which are ideal biomarkers for molecularly tracking the malignant progression of GBMs. Herein, we start by introducing the pathophysiology and physiology of GBMs, followed by presenting the biological functions of EVs in GBMs with a special focus on their role as biomarkers for GBM diagnosis and as messengers in the modulation of the GBM microenvironment. Furthermore, we provide an update on the recent progress of using EVs in biology, functionality, and isolation applications. More importantly, we systematically summarize the most recent advances of EV-based carriers for GBM therapy by delivering different drugs including gene/RNA-based drugs, chemotherapy drugs, imaging agents, and combinatory drugs. Lastly, we point out the challenges and prospects of future research on EVs for diagnosing and treating GBMs. We hope this review will stimulate interest from researchers with different backgrounds and expedite the progress of GBM treatment paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fengbo Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shaoyan Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Shubham Roy
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ikram Hasan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Baozhu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Bing Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Carbon Materials Research and Comprehensive Application, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, and School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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28
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Zeng H, Guo S, Ren X, Wu Z, Liu S, Yao X. Current Strategies for Exosome Cargo Loading and Targeting Delivery. Cells 2023; 12:1416. [PMID: 37408250 DOI: 10.3390/cells12101416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as ectosomes and exosomes have gained attention as promising natural carriers for drug delivery. Exosomes, which range from 30 to 100 nm in diameter, possess a lipid bilayer and are secreted by various cells. Due to their high biocompatibility, stability, and low immunogenicity, exosomes are favored as cargo carriers. The lipid bilayer membrane of exosomes also offers protection against cargo degradation, making them a desirable candidate for drug delivery. However, loading cargo into exosomes remains to be a challenge. Despite various strategies such as incubation, electroporation, sonication, extrusion, freeze-thaw cycling, and transfection that have been developed to facilitate cargo loading, inadequate efficiency still persists. This review offers an overview of current cargo delivery strategies using exosomes and summarizes recent approaches for loading small-molecule, nucleic acid, and protein drugs into exosomes. With insights from these studies, we provide ideas for more efficient and effective delivery of drug molecules by using exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Zeng
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shaoshen Guo
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xuancheng Ren
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenkun Wu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shuwen Liu
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xingang Yao
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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29
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Avgoulas DI, Tasioulis KS, Papi RM, Pantazaki AA. Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potential of Exosomes as Drug Delivery Systems in Brain Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051439. [PMID: 37242681 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is designated as one of the principal causes of mortality universally. Among different types of cancer, brain cancer remains the most challenging one due to its aggressiveness, the ineffective permeation ability of drugs through the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and drug resistance. To overcome the aforementioned issues in fighting brain cancer, there is an imperative need for designing novel therapeutic approaches. Exosomes have been proposed as prospective "Trojan horse" nanocarriers of anticancer theranostics owing to their biocompatibility, increased stability, permeability, negligible immunogenicity, prolonged circulation time, and high loading capacity. This review provides a comprehensive discussion on the biological properties, physicochemical characteristics, isolation methods, biogenesis and internalization of exosomes, while it emphasizes their therapeutic and diagnostic potential as drug vehicle systems in brain cancer, highlighting recent advances in the research field. A comparison of the biological activity and therapeutic effectiveness of several exosome-encapsulated cargo including drugs and biomacromolecules underlines their great supremacy over the non-exosomal encapsulated cargo in the delivery, accumulation, and biological potency. Various studies on cell lines and animals give prominence to exosome-based nanoparticles (NPs) as a promising and alternative approach in the management of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios I Avgoulas
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos S Tasioulis
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Rigini M Papi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anastasia A Pantazaki
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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30
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Feng Q, Zhang Y, Fang Y, Kong X, He Z, Ji J, Yang X, Zhai G. Research progress of exosomes as drug carriers in cancer and inflammation. J Drug Target 2023; 31:335-353. [PMID: 36543743 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2022.2162059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) could be produced by most cells and play an important role in disease development. As a subtype of EVs, exosomes exhibit suitable size, rich surface markers and diverse contents, making them more appealing as potential drug carriers. Compared with traditional synthetic nanoparticles, exosomes possess superior biocompatibility and much lower immunogenicity. This work reviewed the most up-to-date research progress of exosomes as carriers for nucleic acids, proteins and small molecule drugs for cancer and inflammation management. The drug loading strategies and potential cellular uptake behaviour of exosomes are highlighted, trying to provide reference for future exosome design and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixiang Feng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yuelin Fang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xinru Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Zhijing He
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoye Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
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31
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Rehman FU, Liu Y, Zheng M, Shi B. Exosomes based strategies for brain drug delivery. Biomaterials 2023; 293:121949. [PMID: 36525706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosome application has emerged as a promising nanotechnology discipline for various diseases therapeutics and diagnoses. Owing to the natural properties of efficient drug delivery, higher biocompatibility, facile traversing of physiological barriers, and subtle side effects, exosomes shorten their way to clinical translation. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane-bound vesicles primarily involved in intercellular communication and exhibit natural blood-brain barrier (BBB) traversing ability, which enables their application as drug delivery vehicles for brain diseases treatment. Herein, we highlight recent exosome-based drug delivery endeavors for neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer therapy, summarize the obstacles and future directions in clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawad Ur Rehman
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cells Research, The Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Yang Liu
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China.
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquire International Joint Center for Biomedical Innovations, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, JinMing Avenue, Kaifeng, 475004 PR China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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32
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Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Nano Delivery Platform to the Brain? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:285-308. [PMID: 36173500 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A very important cause of the frustration with drug therapy for central nervous system (CNS) diseases is the failure of drug delivery. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most therapeutic molecules from entering the brain while maintaining CNS homeostasis. Scientists are keen to develop new brain drug delivery systems to solve this dilemma. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a class of naturally derived nanoscale vesicles, have been extensively studied in drug delivery due to their superior properties. This review will briefly present current brain drug delivery strategies, including invasive and non-invasive techniques that target the brain, and the application of nanocarriers developed for brain drug delivery in recent years, especially EVs. The cellular origin of EVs affects the surface protein, size, yield, luminal composition, and other properties of EVs, which are also crucial in determining whether EVs are useful as drug carriers. Stem cell-derived EVs, which inherit the properties of parental cells and avoid the drawbacks of cell therapy, have always been favored by researchers. Thus, in this review, we will focus on the application of stem cell-derived EVs for drug delivery in the CNS. Various nucleic acids, proteins, and small-molecule drugs are loaded into EVs with or without modification and undergo targeted delivery to the brain to achieve their therapeutic effects. In addition, the challenges facing the clinical application of EVs as drug carriers will also be discussed. The directions of future efforts may be to improve drug loading efficiency and precise targeting.
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Lu ZG, Shen J, Yang J, Wang JW, Zhao RC, Zhang TL, Guo J, Zhang X. Nucleic acid drug vectors for diagnosis and treatment of brain diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:39. [PMID: 36650130 PMCID: PMC9844208 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01298-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Nucleic acid drugs have the advantages of rich target selection, simple in design, good and enduring effect. They have been demonstrated to have irreplaceable superiority in brain disease treatment, while vectors are a decisive factor in therapeutic efficacy. Strict physiological barriers, such as degradation and clearance in circulation, blood-brain barrier, cellular uptake, endosome/lysosome barriers, release, obstruct the delivery of nucleic acid drugs to the brain by the vectors. Nucleic acid drugs against a single target are inefficient in treating brain diseases of complex pathogenesis. Differences between individual patients lead to severe uncertainties in brain disease treatment with nucleic acid drugs. In this Review, we briefly summarize the classification of nucleic acid drugs. Next, we discuss physiological barriers during drug delivery and universal coping strategies and introduce the application methods of these universal strategies to nucleic acid drug vectors. Subsequently, we explore nucleic acid drug-based multidrug regimens for the combination treatment of brain diseases and the construction of the corresponding vectors. In the following, we address the feasibility of patient stratification and personalized therapy through diagnostic information from medical imaging and the manner of introducing contrast agents into vectors. Finally, we take a perspective on the future feasibility and remaining challenges of vector-based integrated diagnosis and gene therapy for brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Guo Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
| | - Jie Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Wen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Rui-Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Lu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P.R. China.
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Wang W, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Mohammadniaei M, Shen J, Sun Y. Brain-targeted antigen-generating nanoparticles improve glioblastoma prognosis. J Control Release 2022; 352:399-410. [PMID: 36309097 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The exploration of multifunctional nanomedicine has prompted interest in improving glioblastoma (GBM) prognosis. In this study, we constructed tumor microenvironment (TME)-responsive magnetic therapeutic nanoparticles (BK@MTNPs) as a multifunctional drug delivery platform. It contains the following components. [Des-arg(Sheets et al., 2020 [9])]bradykinin (BK), which contributes to the transient opening of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and targeting of GBM cells; nanoparticles (NPs) encapsulated in MTNPs, which act as an in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging agent; crizotinib, which is an inhibitor of protein kinase c-Met; and the immune drug anti-PDL1 antibody. These components were loaded into BK@MTNPs for complete tumoricidal effects. Abundant glutathione in the TME can promote BK@MTNP degradation by interrupting the disulfide bonds between cysteine residues. Such BK@MTNPs support a synergistic tumoricidal effect by inducing DNA damage, activating the transcription of the tumor suppressor gene PTEN, inhibiting glioblastoma stem cell function, activating cytotoxic T lymphocytes, and reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages. BK@MTNPs showed a significant increase in antitumor activity compared with free drugs in vitro. Furthermore, in mice bearing orthotopic GBM, treatment with BK@MTNPs resulted in marked tumor inhibition and greatly extended survival time with minimal side effects. This study demonstrates the advantages of chemo-immunotherapeutic NPs accumulated in the GBM area and their effective inhibition of GBM growth, thus establishing a delivery platform to promote antitumor immunity against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Wang
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark; School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China.
| | - Qicheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Mohsen Mohammadniaei
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark
| | - Jian Shen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby 2800, Denmark.
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Choudhury H, Pandey M, Mohgan R, Jong JSJ, David RN, Ngan WY, Chin TL, Ting S, Kesharwani P, Gorain B. Dendrimer-based delivery of macromolecules for the treatment of brain tumor. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213118. [PMID: 36182834 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brain tumor represents the most lethal form of cancer with the highest mortality and morbidity rates irrespective of age and sex. Advancements in macromolecule-based therapy (such as nucleic acids and peptides) have shown promising roles in the treatment of brain tumor where the phenomenon of severe toxicities due to the conventional chemotherapeutic agents can be circumvented. Despite its preclinical progress, successful targeting of these macromolecules across the blood-brain barrier without altering their physical and chemical characteristics is of great challenge. With the advent of nanotechnology, nowadays targeted delivery of therapeutics is being explored extensively and these macromolecules, including peptides and nucleic acids, have shown initial success in the treatment, where dendrimer has shown its potential for optimal delivery. Dendrimers are being favored as a mode of drug delivery due to their nano-spherical size and structure, high solubilization potential, multivalent surface, and high loading capacity, where biomolecule resembling characteristics of dendritic 3D structures has shown effective delivery of various therapeutic agents to the brain. Armed with targeting ligands to these dendrimers further expedite the transportation of these multifunctional shuttles specifically to the glioblastoma cells. Thus, a focus has been made in this review on therapeutic applications of dendrimer platforms in brain tumor treatment. The future development of dendrimers as a potential platform for nucleic acid and peptide delivery and its promising clinical application could provide effective and target-specific treatment against brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Manisha Pandey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central University of Haryana, SSH 17, Jant, Haryana 123031, India.
| | - Raxshanaa Mohgan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jim Sii Jack Jong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Roshini Nicole David
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wan Yi Ngan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tze Liang Chin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shereen Ting
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Bapi Gorain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi 835215, Jharkhand, India
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Chen H, Li C, Hu H, Zhang B. Activated TRPA1 plays a therapeutic role in TMZ resistance in glioblastoma by altering mitochondrial dynamics. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:38. [PMID: 35982414 PMCID: PMC9389719 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-022-00438-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents nearly one-half of primary brain tumors, and the median survival of patients with GBM is only 14.6 months. Surgery followed by radiation with concomitant temozolomide (TMZ) therapy is currently the standard of care. However, an increasing body of evidence suggests that GBM acquires resistance to TMZ, compromising the effect of the drug. Thus, further exploration into the mechanism underlying this resistance is urgently needed. Studies have demonstrated that TMZ resistance is associated with DNA damage, followed by altered reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in mitochondria. Studies have also showed that Ca2+-related transient receptor potential (TRP) channels participate in GBM cell proliferation and metastasis, but the detailed mechanism of their involvement remain to be studied. The present study demonstrates the role played by TRPA1 in TMZ resistance in GBM and elucidates the mechanism of resistance.
Methods
U251 and SHG-44 cells were analyzed in vitro. A CCK-8 assay was performed to verify the effect of TMZ toxicity on GBM cells. Intracellular ROS levels were detected by DCFH-DA assay. A MitoSOX Red assay was performed to determine the mitochondrial ROS levels. Intracellular Ca2+ levels in the cells were determined with a Fluo-4 AM calcium assay kit. Intracellular GSH levels were determined with GSH and GSSG Assay Kit. MGMT protein, Mitochondrial fission- and fusion-, apoptosis- and motility-related protein expression was detected by western blot assay. A recombinant lentiviral vector was used to infect human U251 cells to overexpress shRNA and generate TRPA1+/+ and negative control cells. All experiments were repeated.
Results
In the U251 and SHG-44 cells, TMZ induced a small increase in the apoptosis rate and intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels. The expression of antioxidant genes and antioxidants in these cells was also increased by TMZ. However, pretreatment with a TRPA1 agonist significantly decreased the level of antioxidant gene and antioxidants expression and enhanced intracellular and mitochondrial ROS levels. Also TMZ induced the level of MGMT protein increased, and pretreatment with a TRPA1 agonist decreased the MGMT expression. Moreover, Ca2+ influx, mitochondrial damage and cell apoptosis were promoted, and the balance between mitochondrial fission and fusion protein expression was disrupted in these GBM cells. Pretreatment with a TRPA1 inhibitor slightly enhanced the level of antioxidant gene expression and reduced the apoptosis rate. TRPA1 gene overexpression in the U251 cells was similar to that after inhibitor intervention, confirming the aforementioned experimental results.
Conclusion
The present study proved that activating TRPA1 in glioma cells, which leads to mitochondrial damage and dysfunction and ultimately to apoptosis, may decrease the TMZ resistance of GBM cells.
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Yan J, Hanif S, Zhang D, Ismail M, Wang X, Li Q, Shi B, Muhammad P, Wu H. Arsenic Prodrug-Mediated Tumor Microenvironment Modulation Platform for Synergetic Glioblastoma Therapy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36487-36502. [PMID: 35921662 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) has a distinct internal environment characterized by high levels of glutathione (GSH) and low oxygen partial pressure, which significantly restrict most drugs' effectiveness. Arsenic-based drugs are emerging candidates for treating solid tumors; however, relatively high doses in solo systems and inconsistent complementary systems severely damage the normal tissues. We proposed a novel covalently conjugated strategy for arsenic-based therapy via arsenic-boronic acid complex formation. The boronic acid was modified on silver (AgL) to capture AsV under an alkaline condition named arsenate plasmonic complex (APC) with a distinct Raman response. The APC can precisely release the captured AsV in lysosomal acidic pH that specifically targets TME to initiate a multimodal therapeutic effect such as GSH depletion and reactive oxygen species generation. In addition, GSH activation leads to subconverted AsV into AsIII, which further facilitated glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase inhibition, whereas the tumor selective etching of the silver core triggered by endogenous H2O2 that can oxidize to generate highly toxic Ag ions produces and supplies O2 to help the alleviated hypoxia. Both in vitro and in vivo data verify the APC-based chemotherapy paving the way for efficient nanomedicine-enabled boronate affinity-based arsenic chemotherapeutics for on demand site-specific cancer combination treatment of GBM tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Yan
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Sumaira Hanif
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Dongya Zhang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Muhammad Ismail
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Qianjin Li
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Pir Muhammad
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Haigang Wu
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences and School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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Ismail M, Yang W, Li Y, Chai T, Zhang D, Du Q, Muhammad P, Hanif S, Zheng M, Shi B. Targeted liposomes for combined delivery of artesunate and temozolomide to resistant glioblastoma. Biomaterials 2022; 287:121608. [PMID: 35690021 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2022.121608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The effective treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) is a great challenge because of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the growing resistance to single-agent therapeutics. Targeted combined co-delivery of drugs could circumvent these challenges; however, the absence of more effective combination drug delivery strategies presents a potent barrier. Here, a unique combination ApoE-functionalized liposomal nanoplatform based on artesunate-phosphatidylcholine (ARTPC) encapsulated with temozolomide (ApoE-ARTPC@TMZ) was presented that can successfully co-deliver dual therapeutic agents to TMZ-resistant U251-TR GBM in vivo. Examination in vitro showed ART-mediated inhibition of DNA repair through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade, which also improved GBM sensitivity to TMZ, resulting in enhanced synergistic DNA damage and induction of apoptosis. In assessing BBB permeation, the targeted liposomes were able to effectively traverse the BBB through low-density lipoprotein family receptors (LDLRs)-mediated transcytosis and achieved deep intracranial tumor penetration. More importantly, the targeted combination liposomes resulted in a significant decrease of U251-TR glioma burden in vivo that, in concert, substantially improved the survival of mice. Additionally, by lowering the effective dosage of TMZ, the combination liposomes reduced systemic TMZ-induced toxicity, highlighting the preclinical potential of this novel integrative strategy to deliver combination therapies to brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ismail
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Yanfei Li
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Tianran Chai
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Dongya Zhang
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Qiuli Du
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Pir Muhammad
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Sumaira Hanif
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China.
| | - Bingyang Shi
- Henan-Macquarie University Joint Centre for Biomedical Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Brain Targeted Bio-nanomedicine, School of Life Sciences & School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, China; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia.
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