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Song D, Zhang S, Zhou M, Wang M, Zhu R, Ning H, Wu M. Advances in the Stability of Catalysts for Electroreduction of CO 2 to Formic Acid. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301719. [PMID: 38411399 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
The electroreduction of CO2 to high-value products is a promising approach for achieving carbon neutrality. Among these products, formic acid stands out as having the most potential for industrialization due to its optimal economic value in terms of consumption and output. In recent years, the Faraday efficiency of formic acid from CO2 electroreduction has reached 90~100 %. However, this high selectivity cannot be maintained for extended periods under high currents to meet industrial requirements. This paper reviews excellent work from the perspective of catalyst stability, summarizing and discussing the performance of typical catalysts. Strategies for preparing stable and highly active catalysts are also briefly described. This review may offer a useful data reference and valuable guidance for the future design of long-stability catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, College of New Energy, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao, 266580
| | - Shipeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, College of New Energy, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao, 266580
| | - Minjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, College of New Energy, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao, 266580
| | - Mingwang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, College of New Energy, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao, 266580
| | - Ruirui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, College of New Energy, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao, 266580
| | - Hui Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, College of New Energy, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao, 266580
| | - Mingbo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, College of Chemical Engineering, College of New Energy, Institute of New Energy, China University of Petroleum, East China, Qingdao, 266580
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2
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Nankya R, Xu Y, Elgazzar A, Zhu P, Wi TU, Qiu C, Feng Y, Che F, Wang H. Cobalt-Doped Bismuth Nanosheet Catalyst for Enhanced Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction to Electrolyte-Free Formic Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202403671. [PMID: 38887161 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction reaction (CO2RR) to valuable liquid fuels, such as formic acid/formate (HCOOH/HCOO-) is a promising strategy for carbon neutrality. Enhancing CO2RR activity while retaining high selectivity is critical for commercialization. To address this, we developed metal-doped bismuth (Bi) nanosheets via a facile hydrolysis method. These doped nanosheets efficiently generated high-purity HCOOH using a porous solid electrolyte (PSE) layer. Among the evaluated metal-doped Bi catalysts, Co-doped Bi demonstrated improved CO2RR performance compared to pristine Bi, achieving ~90 % HCOO- selectivity and boosted activity with a low overpotential of ~1.0 V at a current density of 200 mA cm-2. In a solid electrolyte reactor, Co-doped Bi maintained HCOOH Faradaic efficiency of ~72 % after a 100-hour operation under a current density of 100 mA cm-2, generating 0.1 M HCOOH at 3.2 V. Density functional theory (DFT) results revealed that Co-doped Bi required a lower applied potential for HCOOH generation from CO2, due to stronger binding energy to the key intermediates OCHO* compared to pure Bi. This study shows that metal doping in Bi nanosheets modifies the chemical composition, element distribution, and morphology, improving CO2RR catalytic activity performance by tuning surface adsorption affinity and reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalynn Nankya
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Yuting Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Ahmad Elgazzar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Tae-Ung Wi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Chang Qiu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Yuge Feng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Fanglin Che
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Haotian Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
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3
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Gautam M, Nkurunziza F, Mulvehill MC, Uttarwar SS, Hofsommer DT, Grapperhaus CA, Spurgeon JM. Two-Membrane Dual Non-Aqueous/Aqueous Electrolyte Flow Cell Operation for Electrochemical Conversion of CO 2 to Methyl Formate. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024; 17:e202301337. [PMID: 37931228 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, tandem cathodic reactions have been demonstrated in non-aqueous solvents to couple CO2 reduction to a secondary reaction to create novel species that are not produced in aqueous CO2 electrolysis. One reaction that can be performed with high selectivity and durability is the electrochemical conversion of CO2 to formic acid and in-situ esterification with methanol to produce methyl formate. However, the translation to a high-performance flow electrolyzer is far from trivial, as the non-aqueous catholyte leads to reactor challenges including flooding the gas diffusion electrode. Here, a two-membrane flow electrolyzer with both anion and cation exchange membranes was used with flowing methanol catholyte and aqueous anolyte. This design prevented methanol from flooding the cathode, which was a pervasive limiting issue for electrolyzers with a single membrane. Methyl formate production at 42.9 % faradaic efficiency was achieved with pure methanol in a flow electrolyzer with stable performance beyond 80 min. However, low-water-content catholyte compositions also led to increased cell resistance and lower operating current densities. Thus, with the present ionomer materials there is a tradeoff between methyl formate selectivity and current density depending on water concentration, highlighting a need for new ionomers tailored for desirable non-aqueous solvents such as methanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Gautam
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Francois Nkurunziza
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Matthew C Mulvehill
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Sandesh S Uttarwar
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
| | - Dillon T Hofsommer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, 40292, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Craig A Grapperhaus
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, 2320 South Brook Street, 40292, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Joshua M Spurgeon
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, 40292, USA
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4
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Nguyen TN, Khiarak BN, Xu Z, Farzi A, Sadaf SM, Seifitokaldani A, Dinh CT. Multi-metallic Layered Catalysts for Stable Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction to Formate and Formic Acid. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202301894. [PMID: 38490951 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) to value-added products such as formate/formic acid is a promising approach for CO2 mitigation. Practical ECR requires long-term stability at industrially relevant reduction rates, which is challenging due to the rapid degradation of most catalysts at high current densities. Herein, we report the development of a bismuth (Bi) gas diffusion electrode on a polytetrafluoroethylene-based electrically conductive silver (Ag) substrate (Ag@Bi), which exhibits high Faradaic efficiency (FE) for formate of over 90 % in 1 M KOH and 1 M KHCO3 electrolytes. The catalyst also shows high selectivity of formic acid above 85 % in 1 M NaCl catholyte, which has a bulk pH of 2-3 during ECR, at current densities up to 300 mA cm-2. In 1 M KHCO3 condition, Ag@Bi maintains formate FE above 90 % for at least 500 hours at the current density of 100 mA cm-2. We found that the Ag@Bi catalyst degrades over time due to the leaching of Bi in the NaCl catholyte. To overcome this challenge, we deposited a layer of Ag nanoparticles on the surface of Ag@Bi to form a multi-layer Ag@Bi/Ag catalyst. This designed catalyst exhibits 300 hours of stability with FE for formic acid ≥70 % at 100 mA cm-2. Our work establishes a new strategy for achieving the operational longevity of ECR under wide pH conditions, which is critical for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tu N Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
- Helen Scientific Research and Technological Development Co., Ltd, Ho Chi Minh, City, 700000, Vietnam
| | | | - Zijun Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Amirhossein Farzi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Sharif Md Sadaf
- Centre Energie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS)-Université du Québec, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Quebec, J3X 1S2, Canada
| | - Ali Seifitokaldani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C5, Canada
| | - Cao-Thang Dinh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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5
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Fang W, Guo W, Lu R, Yan Y, Liu X, Wu D, Li FM, Zhou Y, He C, Xia C, Niu H, Wang S, Liu Y, Mao Y, Zhang C, You B, Pang Y, Duan L, Yang X, Song F, Zhai T, Wang G, Guo X, Tan B, Yao T, Wang Z, Xia BY. Durable CO 2 conversion in the proton-exchange membrane system. Nature 2024; 626:86-91. [PMID: 38297172 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06917-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Electrolysis that reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) to useful chemicals can, in principle, contribute to a more sustainable and carbon-neutral future1-6. However, it remains challenging to develop this into a robust process because efficient conversion typically requires alkaline conditions in which CO2 precipitates as carbonate, and this limits carbon utilization and the stability of the system7-12. Strategies such as physical washing, pulsed operation and the use of dipolar membranes can partially alleviate these problems but do not fully resolve them11,13-15. CO2 electrolysis in acid electrolyte, where carbonate does not form, has therefore been explored as an ultimately more workable solution16-18. Herein we develop a proton-exchange membrane system that reduces CO2 to formic acid at a catalyst that is derived from waste lead-acid batteries and in which a lattice carbon activation mechanism contributes. When coupling CO2 reduction with hydrogen oxidation, formic acid is produced with over 93% Faradaic efficiency. The system is compatible with start-up/shut-down processes, achieves nearly 91% single-pass conversion efficiency for CO2 at a current density of 600 mA cm-2 and cell voltage of 2.2 V and is shown to operate continuously for more than 5,200 h. We expect that this exceptional performance, enabled by the use of a robust and efficient catalyst, stable three-phase interface and durable membrane, will help advance the development of carbon-neutral technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensheng Fang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruihu Lu
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ya Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaokang Liu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Dan Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fu Min Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yansong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaohui He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenfeng Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiting Niu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sicong Wang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Youwen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Mao
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Chengyi Zhang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bo You
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanjie Pang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lele Duan
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Song
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyou Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Guoxiong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Xingpeng Guo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bien Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Yao
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Ziyun Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Bao Yu Xia
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry for Energy Conversion and Storage (Ministry of Education), Hubei Key Laboratory of Material Chemistry and Service Failure, Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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6
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Hu L, Wrubel JA, Baez-Cotto CM, Intia F, Park JH, Kropf AJ, Kariuki N, Huang Z, Farghaly A, Amichi L, Saha P, Tao L, Cullen DA, Myers DJ, Ferrandon MS, Neyerlin KC. A scalable membrane electrode assembly architecture for efficient electrochemical conversion of CO 2 to formic acid. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7605. [PMID: 37989737 PMCID: PMC10663610 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43409-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formic acid is a promising pathway to improve CO2 utilization and has potential applications as a hydrogen storage medium. In this work, a zero-gap membrane electrode assembly architecture is developed for the direct electrochemical synthesis of formic acid from carbon dioxide. The key technological advancement is a perforated cation exchange membrane, which, when utilized in a forward bias bipolar membrane configuration, allows formic acid generated at the membrane interface to exit through the anode flow field at concentrations up to 0.25 M. Having no additional interlayer components between the anode and cathode this concept is positioned to leverage currently available materials and stack designs ubiquitous in fuel cell and H2 electrolysis, enabling a more rapid transition to scale and commercialization. The perforated cation exchange membrane configuration can achieve >75% Faradaic efficiency to formic acid at <2 V and 300 mA/cm2 in a 25 cm2 cell. More critically, a 55-hour stability test at 200 mA/cm2 shows stable Faradaic efficiency and cell voltage. Technoeconomic analysis is utilized to illustrate a path towards achieving cost parity with current formic acid production methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiming Hu
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Jacob A Wrubel
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Carlos M Baez-Cotto
- Materials Science Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Fry Intia
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Jae Hyung Park
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Arthur Jeremy Kropf
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Nancy Kariuki
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Zhe Huang
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation & Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Ahmed Farghaly
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Lynda Amichi
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Prantik Saha
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - Ling Tao
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation & Scale-Up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA
| | - David A Cullen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Deborah J Myers
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Magali S Ferrandon
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - K C Neyerlin
- Chemistry and Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, USA.
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7
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Saleh-Abadi M, Rostami M, Farajollahi A. 4-E analysis of a hybrid integrated mechanical/chemical/electrochemical energy storage process based on the CAES, amine-based CO2 capture, SOEC, and CO2 electroreduction cell. JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE 2023; 72:108278. [DOI: 10.1016/j.est.2023.108278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
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8
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Yan T, Chen X, Kumari L, Lin J, Li M, Fan Q, Chi H, Meyer TJ, Zhang S, Ma X. Multiscale CO 2 Electrocatalysis to C 2+ Products: Reaction Mechanisms, Catalyst Design, and Device Fabrication. Chem Rev 2023; 123:10530-10583. [PMID: 37589482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Electrosynthesis of value-added chemicals, directly from CO2, could foster achievement of carbon neutral through an alternative electrical approach to the energy-intensive thermochemical industry for carbon utilization. Progress in this area, based on electrogeneration of multicarbon products through CO2 electroreduction, however, lags far behind that for C1 products. Reaction routes are complicated and kinetics are slow with scale up to the high levels required for commercialization, posing significant problems. In this review, we identify and summarize state-of-art progress in multicarbon synthesis with a multiscale perspective and discuss current hurdles to be resolved for multicarbon generation from CO2 reduction including atomistic mechanisms, nanoscale electrocatalysts, microscale electrodes, and macroscale electrolyzers with guidelines for future research. The review ends with a cross-scale perspective that links discrepancies between different approaches with extensions to performance and stability issues that arise from extensions to an industrial environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Yan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lata Kumari
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianlong Lin
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Minglu Li
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qun Fan
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Haoyuan Chi
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Thomas J Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
| | - Xinbin Ma
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Centre of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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9
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Collas F, Dronsella BB, Kubis A, Schann K, Binder S, Arto N, Claassens NJ, Kensy F, Orsi E. Engineering the biological conversion of formate into crotonate in Cupriavidus necator. Metab Eng 2023; 79:49-65. [PMID: 37414134 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2023.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
To advance the sustainability of the biobased economy, our society needs to develop novel bioprocesses based on truly renewable resources. The C1-molecule formate is increasingly proposed as carbon and energy source for microbial fermentations, as it can be efficiently generated electrochemically from CO2 and renewable energy. Yet, its biotechnological conversion into value-added compounds has been limited to a handful of examples. In this work, we engineered the natural formatotrophic bacterium C. necator as cell factory to enable biological conversion of formate into crotonate, a platform short-chain unsaturated carboxylic acid of biotechnological relevance. First, we developed a small-scale (150-mL working volume) cultivation setup for growing C. necator in minimal medium using formate as only carbon and energy source. By using a fed-batch strategy with automatic feeding of formic acid, we could increase final biomass concentrations 15-fold compared to batch cultivations in flasks. Then, we engineered a heterologous crotonate pathway in the bacterium via a modular approach, where each pathway section was assessed using multiple candidates. The best performing modules included a malonyl-CoA bypass for increasing the thermodynamic drive towards the intermediate acetoacetyl-CoA and subsequent conversion to crotonyl-CoA through partial reverse β-oxidation. This pathway architecture was then tested for formate-based biosynthesis in our fed-batch setup, resulting in a two-fold higher titer, three-fold higher productivity, and five-fold higher yield compared to the strain not harboring the bypass. Eventually, we reached a maximum product titer of 148.0 ± 6.8 mg/L. Altogether, this work consists in a proof-of-principle integrating bioprocess and metabolic engineering approaches for the biological upgrading of formate into a value-added platform chemical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beau B Dronsella
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | - Karin Schann
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | | | | | - Nico J Claassens
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Enrico Orsi
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
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10
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Deacon-Price C, da Silva AHM, Santana CS, Koper MTM, Garcia AC. Solvent Effect on Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction Reaction on Nanostructured Copper Electrodes. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2023; 127:14518-14527. [PMID: 37529666 PMCID: PMC10388345 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c03257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) is a sustainable alternative for producing fuels and chemicals, although the production of highly desired hydrocarbons is still a challenge due to the higher overpotential requirement in combination with the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Tailoring the electrolyte composition is a possible strategy to favor the CO2RR over the HER. In this work we studied the solvent effect on the CO2RR on a nanostructured Cu electrode in acetonitrile solvent with different amounts of water. Similar to what has been observed for aqueous media, our online gas chromatography results showed that CO2RR in acetonitrile solvent is also structure-dependent, since nanocube-covered copper (CuNC) was the only surface (in comparison to polycrystalline Cu) capable of producing a detectable amount of ethylene (10% FE), provided there is enough water present in the electrolyte (>500 mM). In situ Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that in acetonitrile solvent the presence of CO2 strongly inhibits HER by driving away water from the interface. CO is by far the main product of CO2RR in acetonitrile (>85% Faradaic efficiency), but adsorbed CO is not detected. This suggests that in acetonitrile media CO adsorption is inhibited compared to aqueous media. Remarkably, the addition of water to acetonitrile has little quantitative and almost no qualitative effect on the activity and selectivity of the CO2RR. This indicates that water is not strongly involved in the rate-determining step of the CO2RR in acetonitrile. Only at the highest water concentrations and at the CuNC surface, the CO coverage becomes high enough that a small amount of C2+ product is formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Deacon-Price
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alisson H. M. da Silva
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Cássia S. Santana
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc T. M. Koper
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Gorlaeus Laboratories, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda C. Garcia
- Van’t
Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University
of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Kormányos A, Endrődi B, Zhang Z, Samu A, Mérai L, Samu GF, Janovák L, Janáky C. Local hydrophobicity allows high-performance electrochemical carbon monoxide reduction to C 2+ products. EES CATALYSIS 2023; 1:263-273. [PMID: 37213934 PMCID: PMC10193833 DOI: 10.1039/d3ey00006k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
While CO can already be produced at industrially relevant current densities via CO2 electrolysis, the selective formation of C2+ products seems challenging. CO electrolysis, in principle, can overcome this barrier, hence forming valuable chemicals from CO2 in two steps. Here we demonstrate that a mass-produced, commercially available polymeric pore sealer can be used as a catalyst binder, ensuring high rate and selective CO reduction. We achieved above 70% faradaic efficiency for C2+ products formation at j = 500 mA cm-2 current density. As no specific interaction between the polymer and the CO reactant was found, we attribute the stable and selective operation of the electrolyzer cell to the controlled wetting of the catalyst layer due to the homogeneous polymer coating on the catalyst particles' surface. These results indicate that sophistically designed surface modifiers are not necessarily required for CO electrolysis, but a simpler alternative can in some cases lead to the same reaction rate, selectivity and energy efficiency; hence the capital costs can be significantly decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Kormányos
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi sq. 1 Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Balázs Endrődi
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi sq. 1 Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi sq. 1 Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Angelika Samu
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi sq. 1 Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - László Mérai
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi sq. 1 Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Gergely F Samu
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi sq. 1 Szeged 6720 Hungary
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner 3 Szeged H-6728 Hungary
| | - László Janovák
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi sq. 1 Szeged 6720 Hungary
| | - Csaba Janáky
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Aradi sq. 1 Szeged 6720 Hungary
- ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner 3 Szeged H-6728 Hungary
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12
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Fernández-Caso K, Peña-Rodríguez A, Solla-Gullón J, Montiel V, Díaz-Sainz G, Alvarez-Guerra M, Irabien A. Continuous carbon dioxide electroreduction to formate coupled with the single-pass glycerol oxidation to high value-added products. J CO2 UTIL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2023.102431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
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13
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Sassenburg M, Kelly M, Subramanian S, Smith WA, Burdyny T. Zero-Gap Electrochemical CO 2 Reduction Cells: Challenges and Operational Strategies for Prevention of Salt Precipitation. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2023; 8:321-331. [PMID: 36660368 PMCID: PMC9841607 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.2c01885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salt precipitation is a problem in electrochemical CO2 reduction electrolyzers that limits their long-term durability and industrial applicability by reducing the active area, causing flooding and hindering gas transport. Salt crystals form when hydroxide generation from electrochemical reactions interacts homogeneously with CO2 to generate substantial quantities of carbonate. In the presence of sufficient electrolyte cations, the solubility limits of these species are reached, resulting in "salting out" conditions in cathode compartments. Detrimental salt precipitation is regularly observed in zero-gap membrane electrode assemblies, especially when operated at high current densities. This Perspective briefly discusses the mechanisms for salt formation, and recently reported strategies for preventing or reversing salt formation in zero-gap CO2 reduction membrane electrode assemblies. We link these approaches to the solubility limit of potassium carbonate within the electrolyzer and describe how each strategy separately manipulates water, potassium, and carbonate concentrations to prevent (or mitigate) salt formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sassenburg
- Materials
for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 ZHDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Kelly
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Institute (RASEI), University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado80303, United States
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Siddhartha Subramanian
- Materials
for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 ZHDelft, The Netherlands
| | - Wilson A. Smith
- Materials
for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 ZHDelft, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Renewable and Sustainable
Energy Institute (RASEI), University of
Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado80303, United States
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Thomas Burdyny
- Materials
for Energy Conversion and Storage (MECS), Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2629 ZHDelft, The Netherlands
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14
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Calvey CH, Sànchez I Nogué V, White AM, Kneucker CM, Woodworth SP, Alt HM, Eckert CA, Johnson CW. Improving growth of Cupriavidus necator H16 on formate using adaptive laboratory evolution-informed engineering. Metab Eng 2023; 75:78-90. [PMID: 36368470 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2022.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Conversion of CO2 to value-added products presents an opportunity to reduce GHG emissions while generating revenue. Formate, which can be generated by the electrochemical reduction of CO2, has been proposed as a promising intermediate compound for microbial upgrading. Here we present progress towards improving the soil bacterium Cupriavidus necator H16, which is capable of growing on formate as its sole source of carbon and energy using the Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle, as a host for formate utilization. Using adaptive laboratory evolution, we generated several isolates that exhibited faster growth rates on formate. The genomes of these isolates were sequenced, and resulting mutations were systematically reintroduced by metabolic engineering, to identify those that improved growth. The metabolic impact of several mutations was investigated further using RNA-seq transcriptomics. We found that deletion of a transcriptional regulator implicated in quorum sensing, PhcA, reduced expression of several operons and led to improved growth on formate. Growth was also improved by deleting large genomic regions present on the extrachromosomal megaplasmid pHG1, particularly two hydrogenase operons and the megaplasmid CBB operon, one of two copies present in the genome. Based on these findings, we generated a rationally engineered ΔphcA and megaplasmid-deficient strain that exhibited a 24% faster maximum growth rate on formate. Moreover, this strain achieved a 7% growth rate improvement on succinate and a 19% increase on fructose, demonstrating the broad utility of microbial genome reduction. This strain has the potential to serve as an improved microbial chassis for biological conversion of formate to value-added products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher H Calvey
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Violeta Sànchez I Nogué
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Aleena M White
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Colin M Kneucker
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Sean P Woodworth
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Hannah M Alt
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Carrie A Eckert
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Christopher W Johnson
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
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15
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Thijs B, Hanssens L, Heremans G, Wangermez W, Rongé J, Martens JA. Demonstration of a three compartment solar electrolyser with gas phase cathode producing formic acid from CO2 and water using Earth abundant metals. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2022.1028811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A three compartment solar formic acid generator was built using a Sn on Cu foam cathode and NiFe anode. A bipolar combination of a Fumasep FAD-PET-75 and Nafion 117 membrane was mounted between anode and middle compartment, which was filled with Amberlyst 15H ion exchanger beads. A Fumasep FAD-PET-75 membrane separated the middle compartment from the cathode. The generator was powered with a photovoltaic panel and fed with gaseous CO2 and water. Diluted formic acid solution was produced by flowing water through the middle compartment. Common PV-EC devices are operated using aqueous electrolyte and produce aqueous formate. In our PV-EC device, formic acid is produced straight away, avoiding the need for downstream operations to convert formate to formic acid. The electrolyser was matched with solar photovoltaic cells achieving a coupling efficiency as high as 95%. Our device produces formic acid at a faradaic efficiency of ca. 31% and solar-to-formic acid efficiency of ca. 2%. By producing formic acid from CO2 and water without any need of additional chemicals this electrolyser concept is attractive for use at remote locations with abundant solar energy. Formic acid serves as a liquid renewable fuel or chemical building block.
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16
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Influence of the target product on the electrochemical reduction of diluted CO2 in a continuous flow cell. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2022.102210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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17
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Wu D, Jiao F, Lu Q. Progress and Understanding of CO 2/CO Electroreduction in Flow Electrolyzers. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c03348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Donghuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Feng Jiao
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Qi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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18
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Nguyen-Phan TD, Hu L, Howard BH, Xu W, Stavitski E, Leshchev D, Rothenberger A, Neyerlin KC, Kauffman DR. High current density electroreduction of CO 2 into formate with tin oxide nanospheres. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8420. [PMID: 35589777 PMCID: PMC9120473 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11890-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate three-dimensional (3D) hollow nanosphere electrocatalysts for CO2 conversion into formate with excellent H-Cell performance and industrially-relevant current density in a 25 cm2 membrane electrode assembly electrolyzer device. Varying calcination temperature maximized formate production via optimizing the crystallinity and particle size of the constituent SnO2 nanoparticles. The best performing SnO2 nanosphere catalysts contained ~ 7.5 nm nanocrystals and produced 71–81% formate Faradaic efficiency (FE) between −0.9 V and −1.3 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) at a maximum formate partial current density of 73 ± 2 mA cmgeo−2 at −1.3 V vs. RHE. The higher performance of nanosphere catalysts over SnO2 nanoparticles and commercially-available catalyst could be ascribed to their initial structure providing higher electrochemical surface area and preventing extensive nanocrystal growth during CO2 reduction. Our results are among the highest performance reported for SnO2 electrocatalysts in aqueous H-cells. We observed an average 68 ± 8% FE over 35 h of operation with multiple on/off cycles. In situ Raman and time-dependent X-ray diffraction measurements identified metallic Sn as electrocatalytic active sites during long-term operation. Further evaluation in a 25 cm2 electrolyzer cell demonstrated impressive performance with a sustained current density of 500 mA cmgeo−2 and an average 75 ± 6% formate FE over 24 h of operation. Our results provide additional design concepts for boosting the performance of formate-producing catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Duong Nguyen-Phan
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA, 15236-0940, USA. .,NETL Support Contractor, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA, 15236-0940, USA.
| | - Leiming Hu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Bret H Howard
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA, 15236-0940, USA
| | - Wenqian Xu
- X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Eli Stavitski
- Photon Sciences Division, National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Denis Leshchev
- Photon Sciences Division, National Synchrotron Light Source II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - August Rothenberger
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA, 15236-0940, USA
| | | | - Douglas R Kauffman
- National Energy Technology Laboratory, 626 Cochrans Mill Road, P.O. Box 10940, Pittsburgh, PA, 15236-0940, USA.
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19
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Klemm E, Lobo CMS, Löwe A, Schallhart V, Renninger S, Waltersmann L, Costa R, Schulz A, Dietrich R, Möltner L, Meynen V, Sauer A, Friedrich KA. CHEMampere
: Technologies for sustainable chemical production with renewable electricity and
CO
2
,
N
2
,
O
2
, and
H
2
O
. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elias Klemm
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Technical Chemistry Stuttgart Germany
| | - Carlos M. S. Lobo
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Technical Chemistry Stuttgart Germany
| | - Armin Löwe
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Technical Chemistry Stuttgart Germany
| | | | - Stephan Renninger
- University of Stuttgart, Institute for Photovoltaics Stuttgart Germany
| | - Lara Waltersmann
- Fraunhofer‐Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Rémi Costa
- German Aerospace Center Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics Stuttgart Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ralph‐Uwe Dietrich
- German Aerospace Center Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics Stuttgart Germany
| | | | - Vera Meynen
- University of Antwerp, Laboratory of Adsorption and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry Wilrijk Belgium
| | - Alexander Sauer
- Fraunhofer‐Institute for Manufacturing Engineering and Automation 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- University of Stuttgart, Institute for Energy Efficiency in Production Stuttgart Germany
| | - K. Andreas Friedrich
- German Aerospace Center Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics Stuttgart Germany
- University of Stuttgart, Institute of Building Energetics, Thermal Engineering and Energy Storage Stuttgart Germany
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20
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Overa S, Ko BH, Zhao Y, Jiao F. Electrochemical Approaches for CO 2 Conversion to Chemicals: A Journey toward Practical Applications. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:638-648. [PMID: 35041403 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Carbon capture, utilization, and sequestration play an essential role to address CO2 emissions. Among all carbon utilization technologies, CO2 electroreduction has gained immense interest due to its potential for directly converting CO2 to a variety of valuable commodity chemicals using clean, renewable electricity as the sole energy source. The research community has witnessed rapid advances in CO2 electrolysis technology in recent years, including highly selective catalysts, larger-scale reactors, specific process modeling, as well as a mechanistic understanding of the CO2 reduction reaction. The rapid advances in the field brings promise to the commercial application of the technology and the rapid rollout of the CO2 electroreduction for chemical manufacturing.This Account focuses on our contributions in both fundamental and applied research in the field of electrocatalytic CO2 and CO reduction reactions. We first discuss (1) the development of novel electrocatalysts for CO2/CO electroreduction to enhance the product selectivity and lower the energy consumption. Specifically, we synthesized nanoporous Ag and homogeneously mixed Cu-based bimetallic catalysts for the enhanced production of CO from CO2 and multicarbon products from CO, respectively. Then, we review our efforts in (2) the field of reactor engineering, including a dissolved CO2 H-type cell, vapor-fed CO2 three-compartment flow cell, and vapor-fed CO2 membrane electrode assembly, for enhancing reaction rates and scalability. Next, we describe (3) the investigation of reaction mechanisms using in situ and operando techniques, such as surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopies and electrochemical mass spectroscopy. We revealed the participation of bicarbonate in CO2 electroreduction on Au using attenuated total-reflectance surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, the presence of an "oxygenated" surface of Cu under CO electroreduction conditions using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and the origin of oxygen in acetaldehyde and other CO electroreduction products on Cu using flow electrolyzer mass spectrometry. Lastly, we examine (4) the commercial potential of the CO2 electrolysis technology, such as understanding pollutant effects in CO2 electroreduction and developing techno-economic analysis. Specifically, we discuss the effects of SO2 and NOx in CO2 electroreduction using Cu, Ag, and Sn catalysts. We also identify technical barriers that need to be overcome and offer our perspective on accelerating the commercial deployment of the CO2 electrolysis technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Overa
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Byung Hee Ko
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Yaran Zhao
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Feng Jiao
- Center for Catalytic Science and Technology, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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21
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Díaz-Sainz G, Alvarez-Guerra M, Irabien A. Continuous electroreduction of CO2 towards formate in gas-phase operation at high current densities with an anion exchange membrane. J CO2 UTIL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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22
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Jing X, Li F, Wang Y. Assessing the economic potential of large-scale carbonate-formation-free CO 2 electrolysis. Catal Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cy00045h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A techno-economic assessment unraveling the quantitative correlation between carbonate formation and the cost of CO2 electroreduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuechen Jing
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Fengwang Li
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, 2006 Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Yuhang Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, 199 Ren'ai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
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23
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Stöckl M, Claassens NJ, Lindner SN, Klemm E, Holtmann D. Coupling electrochemical CO 2 reduction to microbial product generation - identification of the gaps and opportunities. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 74:154-163. [PMID: 34920211 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the carbon intensity of the chemical industry has become a priority topic. The conversion of CO2 through combined electrochemical and microbial processes is an attractive perspective for scalable production with a reduced carbon footprint. CO2 can be electrochemically reduced to several one-carbon compounds such as carbon monoxide, formic acid, and methanol. These intermediates can serve as feedstocks in microbial conversion to produce bulk and fine chemicals. The aim of this article is to show the performance and technology readiness of electrochemical reduction of CO2 to the various components and the respective biotechnological conversions. Next, these performances are considered in relation to each other and existing gaps for the realization of hybrid microbial electrosynthesis processes are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stöckl
- Chemical Technology, DECHEMA Research Institute, Theodor-Heuss-Allee 25, 60486 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - N J Claassens
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - S N Lindner
- Systems and Synthetic Metabolism Group, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Virchowweg 6, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Klemm
- Institute of Technical Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - D Holtmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology and Competence Centre for Sustainable Engineering and Environmental Systems, Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Gießen, Germany.
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24
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25
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26
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Laitinen AT, Parsana VM, Jauhiainen O, Huotari M, van den Broeke LJP, de Jong W, Vlugt TJH, Ramdin M. Liquid-Liquid Extraction of Formic Acid with 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran: Experiments, Process Modeling, and Economics. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021; 60:5588-5599. [PMID: 34054211 PMCID: PMC8154433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Formic acid (FA)
is an interesting hydrogen (H2) and
carbon monoxide (CO) carrier that can be produced by the electrochemical
reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) using renewable energy.
The separation of FA from water is challenging due to the strong (cross)association
of the components and the presence of a high boiling azeotrope. For
the separation of dilute FA solutions, liquid–liquid extraction
is preferred over conventional distillation because distilling large
amounts of water is very energy-intensive. In this study, we use 2-methyltetrahydrofuran
(2-MTHF) to extract FA from the CO2 electrolysis process,
which typically contains <20 wt % of FA. Vapor–liquid equilibrium
(VLE) data of the binary system 2-MTHF–FA and liquid–liquid
equilibrium (LLE) data of the ternary system 2-MTHF–FA–water
are obtained. Continuous extraction and distillation experiments are
performed to test the extraction power and recovery of 2-MTHF from
the extract. The VLE and LLE data are used to design a hybrid extraction
and distillation process to produce a commercial grade product (85
wt % of FA). A detailed economic analysis of this hybrid extraction–distillation
process is presented and compared with the existing FA separation
methods. It is shown that 2-MTHF is a cost-effective solvent for FA
extraction from dilute streams (<20 wt % FA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero T Laitinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 4 E, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | - Vyomesh M Parsana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, V.V.P. Engineering College, Gujarat Technological University, Rajkot 360005, Gujarat, India
| | - Olli Jauhiainen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 4 E, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | - Marco Huotari
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 4 E, Espoo FI-02044, Finland
| | - Leo J P van den Broeke
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, Delft 2628CB, The Netherlands
| | - Wiebren de Jong
- Large-Scale Energy Storage, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, Delft 2628CB, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs J H Vlugt
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, Delft 2628CB, The Netherlands
| | - Mahinder Ramdin
- Engineering Thermodynamics, Process & Energy Department, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, Delft 2628CB, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The severe increase in the CO2 concentration is a causative factor of global warming, which accelerates the destruction of ecosystems. The massive utilization of CO2 for value-added chemical production is a key to commercialization to guarantee both economic feasibility and negative carbon emission. Although the electrochemical reduction of CO2 is one of the most promising technologies, there are remaining challenges for large-scale production. Herein, an overview of these limitations is provided in terms of devices, processes, and catalysts. Further, the economic feasibility of the technology is described in terms of individual processes such as reactions and separation. Additionally, for the practical implementation of the electrochemical CO2 conversion technology, stable electrocatalytic performances need to be addressed in terms of current density, Faradaic efficiency, and overpotential. Hence, the present review also covers the known degradation behaviors and mechanisms of electrocatalysts and electrodes during electrolysis. Furthermore, strategic approaches for overcoming the stability issues are introduced based on recent reports from various research areas involved in the electrocatalytic conversion.
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