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Riccio S, Childs K, Jackson B, Graham SP, Seago J. The Identification of Host Proteins That Interact with Non-Structural Proteins-1α and -1β of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus-1. Viruses 2023; 15:2445. [PMID: 38140685 PMCID: PMC10747794 DOI: 10.3390/v15122445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSV-1 and -2) are the causative agents of one of the most important infectious diseases affecting the global pig industry. Previous studies, largely focused on PRRSV-2, have shown that non-structural protein-1α (NSP1α) and NSP1β modulate host cell responses; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Therefore, we aimed to identify novel PRRSV-1 NSP1-host protein interactions to improve our knowledge of NSP1-mediated immunomodulation. NSP1α and NSP1β from a representative western European PRRSV-1 subtype 1 field strain (215-06) were used to screen a cDNA library generated from porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs), the primary target cell of PRRSV, using the yeast-2-hybrid system. This identified 60 putative binding partners for NSP1α and 115 putative binding partners for NSP1β. Of those taken forward for further investigation, 3 interactions with NSP1α and 27 with NSP1β were confirmed. These proteins are involved in the immune response, ubiquitination, nuclear transport, or protein expression. Increasing the stringency of the system revealed NSP1α interacts more strongly with PIAS1 than PIAS2, whereas NSP1β interacts more weakly with TAB3 and CPSF4. Our study has increased our knowledge of the PRRSV-1 NSP1α and NSP1β interactomes, further investigation of which could provide detailed insight into PRRSV immunomodulation and aid vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Riccio
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (S.R.); (K.C.); (B.J.); (S.P.G.)
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, 146 Brownlow Hill, Liverpool L3 5RF, UK
| | - Kay Childs
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (S.R.); (K.C.); (B.J.); (S.P.G.)
| | - Ben Jackson
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (S.R.); (K.C.); (B.J.); (S.P.G.)
| | - Simon P. Graham
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (S.R.); (K.C.); (B.J.); (S.P.G.)
| | - Julian Seago
- The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK; (S.R.); (K.C.); (B.J.); (S.P.G.)
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Kim JH, Kim SC, Kim HJ, Jeong CG, Park GS, Choi JS, Kim WI. Insight into the Economic Effects of a Severe Korean PRRSV1 Outbreak in a Farrow-to-Nursery Farm. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12213024. [PMID: 36359148 PMCID: PMC9656131 DOI: 10.3390/ani12213024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a disease that has inflicted economic losses in the swine industry. The causative agent, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), is known to have a high genetic diversity which leads to heterogeneous pathogenicity. To date, the impact of PRRS outbreaks on swine production and the economy of the swine industry in South Korea has been rarely reported. In this study, we compare the reproductive performance in the breeding-farrowing phase and growth performance in the nursery phase, in two 27-week periods, one before and one after a PRRSV1 outbreak on a 650-sow farrow-to-nursery farm caused by a Korean PRRSV1 isolate which was genetically distinct from vaccine strains or other global strains. The reproductive performance of sows and the growth performance of nursery pigs were compared using row data consisting of 1907 mating records, 1648 farrowing records, and 17,129 weaning records from 32 breeding batches. The following variables were significantly different between the pre-PRRS outbreak period and the post-PRRS outbreak period: the farrowing rate (−7.1%, p < 0.0001), the abortion rate (+3.9%, p < 0.0001), the return rate (+2.9%, p = 0.0250), weaning to estrus interval days (+1.9 days, p < 0.0001), total piglets born (−1.2 pigs/litter, p < 0.0001), piglets born alive (−2.2 pigs/litter, p < 0.0001), weaned piglets (−2.7 pigs/litter, p < 0.0001), pre-weaning mortality (+7.4%, p < 0.0001), weaning weight (−0.9 kg/pig, p = 0.0015), the mortality rate (+2.8%, p < 0.0001), average daily gain (−69.8 g/d, p < 0.0001), and the feed conversion ratio (+0.26, p = 0.0036). Economic losses for a period of 27 weeks after a PRRS outbreak were calculated at KRW 99,378 (USD 82.8) per mated female for the breeding-farrowing phase, KRW 8,968 (USD 7.5) per pig for the nursery growth phase, and KRW 245,174 (USD 204.3) per sow in the post-outbreak period. In conclusion, the farrow-to-nursery farm in our study suffered extensive production and economic losses as a result of a PRRSV1 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hee Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinic, Dodram Pig Farmers Cooperative, Daejeon 35377, Korea
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Seung-Chai Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Hwan-Ju Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Chang-Gi Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Gyeong-Seo Park
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
| | - Jong-San Choi
- Department of Agri-Food Marketing, Jeonbuk National Univeristy, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Won-Il Kim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-270-3981
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Jakab S, Kaszab E, Marton S, Bányai K, Bálint Á, Nemes I, Szabó I. Genetic diversity of imported PRRSV-2 strains, 2005-2020, Hungary. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:986850. [PMID: 36304410 PMCID: PMC9595726 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.986850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 2 (PRRSV-2) remains sporadic in Europe. In this study, we investigated the molecular epidemiology of PRRSV-2 infections encompassing 15 years in Hungary. Partial (423 bp long) ORF5 sequences (n = 44) from 20 Hungarian pig herds were analyzed. The study strains fell into two genetic lineages, L1 and L5, being L5 strains more prevalent (88.6 vs. 11.4%). Pairwise sequence identities within Hungarian representative PRRSV-2 strains ranged between 84.7 to 100% (nucleotide, nt) and 85 to 100% (amino acid, aa). When compared with reference strains, identity values fell between 87 and 100% (L1, nt 87–91%, aa 87–93%, reference strain IAF-exp91; L5, nt 87–100%, aa 88–100%, reference strain Ingelvac MLV). Epidemiologic examination implied that the majority of L5 strains were imported repeatedly from other European countries where Ingelvac MLV was approved for routine use. The emergence of L1 strains was thought to be associated with a single introduction and subsequent dissemination between pig farms of a large integrator. Results presented here contribute to a better understanding of the epizootiology of PRRSV-2 infections and shed light on the genetic diversity of viral strains in non-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Jakab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.,National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Kaszab
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.,National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Marton
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.,National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Krisztián Bányai
- Veterinary Medical Research Institute, Budapest, Hungary.,National Laboratory for Infectious Animal Diseases, Antimicrobial Resistance, Veterinary Public Health and Food Chain Safety, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medical Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Bálint
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Nemes
- Hungarian Association for Porcine Health Management, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Szabó
- National PRRS Eradication Committee, Budapest, Hungary
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Commercial PRRS Modified-Live Virus Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9020185. [PMID: 33671826 PMCID: PMC7926738 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9020185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV) presents one of the challenging viral pathogens in the global pork industry. PRRS is characterized by two distinct clinical presentations; reproductive failure in breeding animals (gilts, sows, and boars), and respiratory disease in growing pigs. PRRSV is further divided into two species: PRRSV-1 (formerly known as the European genotype 1) and PRRSV-2 (formerly known as the North American genotype 2). A PRRSV-2 modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine was first introduced in North America in 1994, and, six years later, a PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine was also introduced in Europe. Since then, MLV vaccination is the principal strategy used to control PRRSV infection. Despite the fact that MLV vaccines have shown some efficacy, they were problematic as the efficacy of vaccine was often unpredictable and depended highly on the field virus. This paper focused on the efficacy of commercially available MLV vaccines at a global level based on respiratory disease in growing pigs, and maternal and paternal reproductive failure in breeding animals.
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Lee JY, Park KH, Oh T, Yang S, Suh J, Ham HJ, Chae C. Experimental reproduction of porcine respiratory disease complex in pigs inoculated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and followed by inoculation with porcine circovirus type 2. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:427-430. [PMID: 33473060 PMCID: PMC8025419 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reproduce severe pneumonic lesions, similar to those during naturally-occurring porcine respiratory disease complex, in pigs dually inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at 6 weeks of age, followed by inoculation with porcine circovirus type 2 at two weeks after. Time and sequence of infection with three pathogens mirror Asian field conditions. Microscopically, interstitial pneumonia and peribronchiolar lymphoid hyperplasia are considered the most characteristic lung lesions in infected pigs. The results of the present study demonstrate that inoculation of pigs with these three pathogens can lead to severe interstitial pneumonia with peribronchial or peribronchiolar lymphoid hyperplasia and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Suh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Ham
- College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oh T, Park S, Cho H, Yang S, Ham HJ, Chae C. Comparative evaluation of 4 commercial modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines against heterologous dual Korean PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:846-853. [PMID: 32437071 PMCID: PMC7738743 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) modified-live vaccines (MLV) was compared to protect growing pigs against dual challenge of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. METHODS Two of the vaccines were based on PRRSV-1, and two on PRRSV-2. A total of 72 PRRSV-naïve pigs were divided into six groups (12 pigs/group). RESULTS Two PRRSV-1 MLV-vaccinated and two PRRSV-2 MLV-vaccinated groups reduced significantly (p < .05) genomic copies of PRRSV-1 in their sera compared to the unvaccinated challenged group. Two PRRSV-2 MLV-vaccinated groups reduced significantly (p < .05) fewer genomic copies of PRRSV-2 in their sera whereas two PRRSV-1 MLV-vaccinated groups were unable to reduce genomic copies of PRRSV-2 compared to unvaccinated challenged groups. Two PRRSV-1 MLV-vaccinated groups induced a stronger PRRSV-1 specific IFN-γ-SC response, while two PRRSV-2 MLV-vaccinated groups induced a stronger PRRSV-2 specific IFN-γ-SC response. Two PRRSV-2 MLV-vaccinated groups showed significantly (p < .05) lower mean macroscopic and microscopic lung lesion scores compared to two PRRSV-1 MLV-vaccinated groups. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that two PRRSV-2 vaccines were efficacious and exhibited similar protection while, two PRRSV-1 vaccines were largely ineffective against the dual challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Su‐Jin Park
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Ham
- College of Liberal ArtsAnyang UniversityAnyang‐siRepublic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
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Raev S, Yuzhakov A, Bulgakov A, Kostina L, Gerasianinov A, Verkhovsky O, Zaberezhny A, Aliper T. An Outbreak of a Respiratory Disorder at a Russian Swine Farm Associated with the Co-Circulation of PRRSV1 and PRRSV2. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101169. [PMID: 33076391 PMCID: PMC7602620 DOI: 10.3390/v12101169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study to identify the major respiratory pathogen responsible for an outbreak of respiratory disease at a swine farm in West Siberia in 2019. We discovered that the peak of morbidity and mortality coincided with a high level of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) 1 and 2-related viremia. Based on longer PRRSV2 viremia, the dominant role of PRRSV2 over PRRSV1 in the outbreak was assumed. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the PRRSV1 strain belonged to sub-genotype 2—one of the predominant groups of genotype 1 PRRSVs in Russia. A partial open reading frame 7 sequence of the PRRSV2 isolate demonstrated a high identity with modified live vaccine-related strains from Denmark (93%) and wild-type VR2332 (92%). We identified the first instance of PRRSV1/PRRSV2 mixed infection in Russia. This finding indicates that further field investigations are needed to access PRRSV2 epidemiology in eastern Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Raev
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center VIEV”, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (A.Y.); (A.B.); (L.K.); (A.Z.); (T.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-330-601-4796
| | - Anton Yuzhakov
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center VIEV”, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (A.Y.); (A.B.); (L.K.); (A.Z.); (T.A.)
| | - Alexandr Bulgakov
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center VIEV”, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (A.Y.); (A.B.); (L.K.); (A.Z.); (T.A.)
| | - Ludmila Kostina
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center VIEV”, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (A.Y.); (A.B.); (L.K.); (A.Z.); (T.A.)
| | | | - Oleg Verkhovsky
- Laboratory of Virology, Diagnostics and Prevention Research Institute for Human and Animal Diseases, 123098 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alexei Zaberezhny
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center VIEV”, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (A.Y.); (A.B.); (L.K.); (A.Z.); (T.A.)
| | - Taras Aliper
- Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center VIEV”, 109428 Moscow, Russia; (A.Y.); (A.B.); (L.K.); (A.Z.); (T.A.)
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Madapong A, Saeng-Chuto K, Chaikhumwang P, Tantituvanont A, Saardrak K, Pedrazuela Sanz R, Miranda Alvarez J, Nilubol D. Immune response and protective efficacy of intramuscular and intradermal vaccination with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV-1) modified live vaccine against highly pathogenic PRRSV-2 (HP-PRRSV-2) challenge, either alone or in combination with of PRRSV-1. Vet Microbiol 2020; 244:108655. [PMID: 32402335 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the immune response of pigs vaccinated intramuscularly (IM) or intradermally (ID) with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus 1 (PRRSV-1) modified live vaccine (MLV). The protective efficacy was evaluated upon challenge with highly pathogenic (HP)-PRRSV-2, either alone or in combination with PRRSV-1. Forty-two, castrated male, PRRSV-free pigs were randomly allocated into 7 groups of 6 pig each. IM/HPPRRSV2, IM/CoChallenge, ID/HPPRRSV2 and ID/CoChallenge groups were vaccinated IM or ID with PRRSV-1 MLV (UNISTRAIN® PRRS, Laboratorios Hipra S.A., Amer, Spain) in accordance to the manufacturer's directions. NV/HPPRRSV2 and NoVac/CoChallenge groups were nonvaccinated/challenged controls. NoVac/NoChallenge group was left as the control. Antibody response, IFN-γ-secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC) and IL-10 production were evaluated following vaccination. At 35 days post vaccination (DPV), all challenged groups were intranasally inoculated with HP-PRRSV-2, either alone or in combination with PRRSV-1. PRRSV viremia and lung lesion scores were evaluated following challenge. The results demonstrated that ID vaccinated pigs had significantly lower IL-10 levels and higher IFN-γ-SC than that of IM vaccinated pigs. Following challenge with HP-PRRSV-2 either alone or with PRRSV-1, PRRSV viremia and lung lesions, both macroscopically and microscopically, were significantly reduced in vaccinated pigs than that of nonvaccinated pigs, regardless to the route of vaccine administration. ID vaccinated pigs had significantly lower levels of PRRSV viremia and lung lesion scores than that of IM vaccinated pigs. The results of the study suggested that the administration of PRRSV-1 MLV, either IM or ID, provided partial protection against HP-PRRSV-2, either alone or when cochallenged with PRRSV-1, as demonstrated by the reduction in lung lesions and viremia. The ID route might represent an alternative to improve vaccine efficacy, as it resulted in lower IL-10 levels and higher IFN-γ-SC levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adthakorn Madapong
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kepalee Saeng-Chuto
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Puwich Chaikhumwang
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Angkana Tantituvanont
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kriangsak Saardrak
- Department of Animal Science at Kamphaeng Sean, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Sean, Kasetsart University Kamphaeng Sean Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | | | | | - Dachrit Nilubol
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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Yang S, Oh T, Cho H, Chae C. A comparison of commercial modified-live PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 vaccines against a dual heterologous PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge in late term pregnancy gilts. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 69:101423. [PMID: 31972500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the efficacy, in terms of reproductive performance, of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 or PRRSV-2 modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine against a dual heterologous PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge. Gilts were administered either the PRRSV-1 or PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine at 21 days prior to breeding and were challenged intranasally with both PRRSV species at day 93 of gestation. Vaccination of gilts with PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine resulted in improved reproductive performance in sows (e.g. duration of pregnancy) and piglet health and overall viability (e.g. increase of the number of live-born and weaned pigs, and decrease of stillborn). Vaccination of gilts with PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine was able to reduce only PRRSV-1 viremia in contrast, PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine was able to reduce both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 viremia. Vaccination of gilts with PRRSV-2 MLV induced higher numbers of PRRSV-2 specific interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC) compared to the PRRSV-1 MLV while there was no difference in the number of PRRSV-1 specific IFN-γ-SC between the two vaccines. Taken together, the results presented here suggest that vaccination of gilts with the PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine is more efficacious against dual heterologous PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge compared to the PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Efficacy of concurrent vaccination with modified-live PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 vaccines against heterologous dual PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge in late term pregnancy gilts. Vet Microbiol 2019; 239:108497. [PMID: 31767085 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of concurrent vaccination with a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine and a PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine against a dual heterologous PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge in late term pregnancy gilts. Gilts were concurrently administered PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 MLV vaccines at 21 days prior to breeding at separate anatomical sites and were inoculated intranasally with both PRRSV types at 93 days of gestation. Vaccinated gilts had a higher number of live-born and weaned pigs, and a decrease in stillbirths compared to the unvaccinated control group following a dual challenge. Concurrent vaccination resulted also in the reduction of both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 viremia which correlated with an increase in the number of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 specific interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC). We believe the T cell responses contributed to the reduction of both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 viremia. The results presented here demonstrate that concurrent vaccination with PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 MLV vaccines improves reproductive performance, reduces viremia of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2, and induces protective T cell reactions against dual PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge in late term pregnancy gilts without local and systemic adverse reactions related to concurrent vaccination.
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Jeong J, Kang I, Park C, Kim S, Park SJ, Park KH, Oh T, Yang S, Yoon JS, Lee O, Chae C. A comparison of the severity of reproductive failure between single and dual infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 and PRRSV-2 in late-term pregnancy gilts. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1641-1647. [PMID: 29877065 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the severity of reproductive failure caused by either a single or a dual infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 and PRRSV-2 in late-term pregnancy gilts. Pregnant gilts were intranasally administered PRRSV-1, PRRSV-2 or both at 3 weeks before the expected farrowing date (93 days of gestation). Regardless of single and dual infection, PRRSV-infected pregnant gilts experienced premature farrowing (103-109 days of gestation) compared with negative control gilts which carried their pregnancy to full term (114-115 days of gestation). Pregnant gilts infected with only PRRSV-1 had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher number of genomic copies of PRRSV-1 in their blood compared with dually infected gilts. Additionally, stillborn foetuses and live-born piglets from pregnant gilts infected with only PRRSV-1 had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher number of PRRSV-1-positive cells per unit area of tissue sections examined, compared to pregnant gilts dually infected with PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. In contrast, pregnant gilts infected with only PRRSV-2 showed no difference in the number of genomic copies of PRRSV-2 compared with dually infected pregnant gilts and there were no significant differences in PRRSV-2-positive cells per unit area in tissues of stillborn foetuses and live-born piglets from pregnant gilts infected with PRRSV-2 only compared with dually infected gilts. Interestingly, even though PRRSV-2 was shown to replicate more efficiently compared with PRRSV-1 in dually infected pregnant gilts, neither PRRSV type was able to exacerbate reproductive failure in pregnant gilts already dually infected with PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. Our results suggest that the severity of reproductive failure is similar between dual (PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2) and single infection (PRRSV-1 or PRRSV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changhoon Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seeun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Ohhyung Lee
- CJ Cheiljedang Center, CJ CHEILJEDANG, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Jeong J, Kim S, Park C, Park KH, Kang I, Park SJ, Chae C. Commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-2 modified live virus vaccine against heterologous single and dual Korean PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge. Vet Rec 2018; 182:485. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.104397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seeun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology; Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
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13
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Jeong J, Kim S, Park KH, Kang I, Park SJ, Yang S, Oh T, Chae C. Vaccination with a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine at 1-day-old improved growth performance of piglets under field conditions. Vet Microbiol 2018; 214:113-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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14
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Novakovic P, Harding JCS, Al-Dissi AN, Detmer SE. Type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection increases apoptosis at the maternal-fetal interface in late gestation pregnant gilts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173360. [PMID: 28253336 PMCID: PMC5333878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of fetal death associated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is hypothesized to be a consequence of PRRS virus-induced apoptosis at the maternal-fetal interface (MFI). The objectives of this study were to evaluate distribution and degree of apoptosis in the uterine and fetal placental tissues during the experimental type 2 PRRS virus (PRRSV) infection and determine associations between apoptosis at the MFI, PRRSV RNA concentration and antigen staining intensity, PRRSV-induced microscopic lesions, and fetal preservation status. A total of 114 naïve, high-health pregnant gilts were inoculated with type 2 PRRSV on gestation day 85±1 with euthanasia 21 days later; 19 sham-inoculated gilts served as controls. Two hundred and fifty samples of uterine tissue with fetal placenta were selected based on negative, low PRRSV RNA, and high PRRSV RNA concentration (0, < or > 2.7 log10 copies/mg, respectively). TUNEL assay was used to detect apoptosis in the endometrium and at the MFI. PRRSV RNA concentration and numbers of PRRSV immunopositive cells in uterine and placental tissue were positively associated with the severity of apoptosis in the endometrium and the MFI (P<0.001, P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). The number of TUNEL positive cells at the MFI was also positively associated with the severity (P<0.001) of vasculitis, but not total numbers of inflammatory cells in the endometrium. Increased numbers of TUNEL positive cells at the MFI were associated with PRRSV load in the fetal thymus, and greater odds of meconium staining of the fetus at 21 days post infection (P<0.001 for both). These findings suggest an important role of apoptosis in the pathogenesis of uterine epithelial and trophoblastic cell death at the MFI. Moreover, apoptosis at the MFI is significantly associated with fetal demise during in utero type 2 PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Novakovic
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - John C. S. Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ahmad N Al-Dissi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Susan E. Detmer
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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15
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Novakovic P, Harding JCS, Ladinig A, Al-Dissi AN, MacPhee DJ, Detmer SE. Relationships of CD163 and CD169 positive cell numbers in the endometrium and fetal placenta with type 2 PRRSV RNA concentration in fetal thymus. Vet Res 2016; 47:76. [PMID: 27494990 PMCID: PMC4974782 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-016-0364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Several routes of porcine reproductive and respiratory virus PRRSV transmission across the porcine diffuse epitheliochorial placentation have been proposed, but none have been proven. The objectives of this study were to investigate associations between numbers of CD163 and CD169 positive macrophages, cathepsin positive areolae, and type 2 PRRSV load at the maternal-fetal interface in order to examine important factors related to transplacental infection. On gestation day 85 ± 1, naïve pregnant gilts were inoculated with PRRSV (n = 114) or were sham inoculated (n = 19). At 21 days post-inoculation (dpi), dams and their litters were humanely euthanized and necropsied. Samples of the maternal-fetal interface (uterus with fully attached placenta) and fetal thymus were collected for analysis by RT-qPCR to quantify PRRSV RNA concentration. The corresponding paraffin-embedded uterine tissue sections were subjected to immunohistochemistry for PRRSV nucleocapsid N protein, CD163, CD169, and cathepsin. Our findings confirm significant increases in the numbers of PRRSV, CD163 and CD169 positive cells at the maternal-fetal interface during type 2 PRRSV infection in pregnant gilts. PRRSV load in fetal thymus was positively related to CD163(+) cell count in endometrium and negatively related to CD163(+) cell count in placenta, but unrelated to CD169 counts or cathepsin positive areolae. The endometrium:placenta ratio of CD163 cells, and to a lesser extent CD169 cells, was significantly associated with an increase fetal viral load in thymus. These findings suggest a more important role for CD163(+) cells following trans-placental PRRSV infection, but dichotomous responses in endometrium and placenta for both CD163 and CD169 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Predrag Novakovic
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - John C S Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.,University Clinic for Swine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ahmad N Al-Dissi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Daniel J MacPhee
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Susan E Detmer
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Hess AS, Islam Z, Hess MK, Rowland RRR, Lunney JK, Doeschl-Wilson A, Plastow GS, Dekkers JCM. Comparison of host genetic factors influencing pig response to infection with two North American isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. Genet Sel Evol 2016; 48:43. [PMID: 27324857 PMCID: PMC4915112 DOI: 10.1186/s12711-016-0222-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most important swine diseases in the world and genetic selection of pigs for increased resistance to PRRS is an attractive method to improve the health status of the swine herd. This study compared phenotypic and genetic responses to infection with one of two genetically distinct type 2 PRRS virus (PRRSV) isolates: NVSL-97-7895 (NVSL) and KS-2006-72109 (KS06), and evaluated whether the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) WUR10000125 (WUR) on chromosome 4 that was associated with viral load and weight gain under infection with NVSL also has an effect on response to infection across North American PRRSV isolates. Wood’s lactation curve was fitted to repeated viremia measurements to derive five curve characteristics that were evaluated. Results Infection with NVSL was characterized by reaching a 14 ± 2 % higher peak viremia (PV) 2.5 ± 0.6 days earlier (time to peak; TP) than KS06, followed by 36 ± 1 % faster virus clearance, which occurred 3.9 ± 0.7 days sooner. Weight gain from 0 to 42 days post-infection (WG) tended to be higher under infection with KS06 than NVSL (3.7 ± 1.5 kg). Estimates of heritability were moderate for both PRRSV isolates for viral load from 0 to 21 days post-infection (VL) (NVSL: 0.31 ± 0.06; KS06: 0.51 ± 0.09) and WG (NVSL: 0.33 ± 0.06; KS06: 0.31 ± 0.09). Strong negative genetic correlations were observed between VL and WG for both NVSL (−0.74 ± 0.10) and KS06 (−0.52 ± 0.17) infected pigs. Pigs with genotype AB at the WUR SNP had a more desirable phenotype than AA pigs for all traits under infection with NVSL, but only for VL and PV with KS06; effects on other traits were smaller and not significantly different from zero (P > 0.05). Genetic correlations of host response between isolates were strong for VL, WG and PV. Accounting for WUR genotype had little impact on these correlations, suggesting that response to PRRSV infection has a substantial polygenic component that is common between these two isolates. Conclusions These results suggest that the KS06 PRRSV isolate is less virulent than NVSL but that genetic selection for increased resistance to either of these genetically distinct isolates is expected to increase resistance to the other isolate. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12711-016-0222-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Hess
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Zeenath Islam
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - Melanie K Hess
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Andrea Doeschl-Wilson
- The Roslin Institute and R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | | | - Jack C M Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA, e-mail:
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18
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Choi K, Park C, Jeong J, Kang I, Park SJ, Chae C. Comparison of commercial type 1 and type 2 PRRSV vaccines against heterologous dual challenge. Vet Rec 2016; 178:291. [PMID: 26864027 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study was to compare the effect of vaccination of pigs with either type 1 or type 2 porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) against heterologous dual challenge of both genotypes. Pigs were administered type 1 (UNISTRAIN PRRS) or type 2 (Fostera PRRS) PRRSV vaccine at 28 days of age and inoculated intranasally with both genotypes at 63 days of age. Vaccination of pigs with type 1 PRRSV was able to reduce the levels of type 1 but not type 2 PRRSV viraemia, whereas vaccination of pigs with type 2 PRRSV was able to reduce the levels of type 1 and type 2 PRRSV viraemia against a dual challenge. Vaccination of pigs with type 2 PRRSV significantly reduced lung lesions after dual challenge compared with vaccination of pigs with type 1 PRRSV. Vaccination of pigs with type 2 PRRSV induced higher numbers of type 1 and type 2 PRRSV-specific interferon-γ secreting cells compared with vaccination of pigs with type 1 PRRSV after dual challenge. The results of this study demonstrated that vaccination of pigs with type 2 PRRSV is efficacious in protecting growing pigs from respiratory disease after heterologous dual type 1 and type 2 PRRSV challenge compared with vaccination of pigs with type 1 PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Choi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - C Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - J Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - I Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - S-J Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - C Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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