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Bae GS, Jeon ES, Son HC, Kang P, Lim KS, Hwang EH, Kim G, Baek SH, An YJ, Shim GY, Woo YM, Kim Y, Oh T, Kim SH, Hong J, Koo BS. Clostridium ventriculi in a cynomolgus monkey with acute gastric dilatation and rupture: A case report. J Med Primatol 2024; 53:e12668. [PMID: 37583034 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute gastric dilatation (AGD) is one of the most prevalent and life-threatening diseases in nonhuman primates worldwide. However, the etiology of this syndrome has not been determined. Recently, sudden death occurred in a 7-year-old female cynomolgus monkey with a history of fecal microbiota transplantation using diarrheic stools. The monkey had undergone surgery previously. On necropsy, gastric dilatation and rupture demonstrated a tetrad arrangement on histopathologic examination. On 16S rRNA sequencing, a high population of Clostridium ventriculi was identified in the duodenum adjacent to stomach but not in the colon. This paper is the first report of Clostridium ventriculi infection in a cynomolgus macaque with acute gastric dilatation and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyu-Seo Bae
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun-Su Jeon
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hee Chang Son
- Futuristic Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Philyong Kang
- Futuristic Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Hwang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Green Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - You Jung An
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Gyu Young Shim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young Min Woo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - YuJin Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Seok-Hwan Kim
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - JungJoo Hong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Bon-Sang Koo
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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Oh T, Hong JJ, Park JH. Histopathological pulmonary lesions in rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) macaques experimentally infected with wild-type severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. J Comp Pathol 2024; 208:5-10. [PMID: 38007889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2023.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes a viral pneumonia characterized by acute interstitial pneumonia and diffuse alveolar damage in humans. Non-human primates (NHPs) are widely used as preclinical animal models for vaccine development against SARS-CoV-2. However, the pathological changes in NHPs have been described only in selected facets and inconsistent nomenclature is used, making it difficult to interpret and compare the outcomes between studies. Here, we present a standardized methodology for histopathological evaluation of experimental infection outcomes in rhesus (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus (Macaca fascicularis) macaques. Evaluation criteria for vascular and epithelial changes in the early (3 days post infection [dpi]) and late (21 dpi) phases of the infection were developed, and a four-grade classification encompassing all the histopathological lung lesions was established. The grades of histopathological lung lesions were higher at 3 dpi compared with 21 dpi in both species of macaques, and there were no statistically significant differences in the grades between the two species at 3 dpi and 21 dpi. This study contextualized the pathological SARS-CoV-2 presentation and standardized the terminology and grading scale for lesion severity to facilitate histopathological examination in the macaque model. By referring to the standardized histopathological criteria and grades proposed here, comparable results with high reproducibility can be obtained in future studies of pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Chengwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 30 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Chengwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea; Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology, 217, Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Park KH, Cho H, Suh J, Oh T, Park Y, Park S, Sohn E, Chae C. Field evaluation of novel plant-derived porcine circovirus type 2 vaccine related to subclinical infection. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2703-2710. [PMID: 37665771 PMCID: PMC10650242 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this field trial was to evaluate the efficacy of a new plant-based porcine circovirus type 2a (PCV2a) vaccine. This vaccine was a recombinant capsid subunit PCV2a vaccine based on the Nicotiana benthamiana expression system. METHODS Three farms were selected for the study based on their history of subclinical PCV2 infection. A total of 40 18-day-old pigs were randomly allocated to either vaccinated or unvaccinated groups (20 pigs per group; 10 = male and 10 = female). Pigs received a 2.0-mL dose of the plant-based PCV2a vaccine intramuscularly at 21 days of age in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations, whereas unvaccinated pigs were administered a single dose of phosphate buffered-saline at the same age. RESULTS Vaccination had a positive effect on pig growth performance compared to that of unvaccinated pigs on all three of the farms. Vaccination of pigs with a plant-based PCV2a vaccine induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies titres against PCV2d and PCV2d-specific interferon-γ secreting cells which resulted in the reduction of PCV2d viral load and reduced lymphoid lesions severity. CONCLUSIONS The results of this field trial demonstrated cross-protection of PCV2d by a plant-based PCV2a vaccine and a positive effect of pig growth performance with vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary PathologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary PathologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Suh
- Department of Veterinary PathologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary PathologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Youngmin Park
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park ComplexPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Soohong Park
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park ComplexPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Eun‐Ju Sohn
- BioApplications Inc., Pohang Techno Park ComplexPohangRepublic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary PathologyCollege of Veterinary MedicineSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Suh J, Ham S, Oh T, Chae C. Cross-protection of a porcine circovirus types 2a/b (PCV-2a/b) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae trivalent vaccine against a dual PCV-2e and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae challenge. Can J Vet Res 2023; 87:297-302. [PMID: 37790269 PMCID: PMC10542952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this experimental study was to determine the cross-protection of a new trivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus types 2a/b (PCV-2a/b) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Pigs were vaccinated intramuscularly at 21 days of age, then challenged at 42 days of age with a dual PCV-2e and M. hyopneumoniae challenge. Growth performance was significantly improved during the experimental period (21 to 63 days of age) in vaccinated-challenged pigs compared to unvaccinated-challenged pigs. Pigs that were vaccinated and challenged elicited a significant amount of PCV-2e- and M. hyopneumoniae-specific interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC) and reduced the levels of PCV-2e viremia and laryngeal shedding. The results of the present study demonstrated that a trivalent vaccine provided cross-protection against a dual PCV-2e and M. hyopneumoniae challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongmin Suh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyeong Ham
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oh T, Kim G, Baek SH, Woo Y, Koo BS, Hwang EH, Shim K, An YJ, Kim Y, Won J, Lee Y, Lim KS, Park JH, Hong JJ. Spatial transcriptome atlas reveals pulmonary microstructure-specific COVID-19 gene signatures in cynomolgus macaques. Commun Biol 2023; 6:879. [PMID: 37640792 PMCID: PMC10462721 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05253-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing the host response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the molecular level is necessary to understand viral pathogenesis and identify clinically relevant biomarkers. However, in humans, the pulmonary host response during disease onset remains poorly understood. Herein, we utilized a spatial transcriptome atlas to identify pulmonary microstructure-specific COVID-19 gene signatures during the acute phase of lung infection in cynomolgus macaques. The innate immune response to virus-induced cell death was primarily active in the alveolar regions involving activated macrophage infiltration. Inflamed vascular regions exhibited prominent upregulation of interferon and complement pathway genes that mediate antiviral activity and tissue damage response. Furthermore, known biomarker genes were significantly expressed in specific microstructures, and some of them were universally expressed across all microstructures. These findings underscore the importance of identifying key drivers of disease progression and clinically applicable biomarkers by focusing on pulmonary microstructures appearing during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Green Kim
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungMin Woo
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Sang Koo
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Hwang
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuyoung Shim
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jung An
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinyoung Won
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Seob Lim
- Futuristic Animal Resource and Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea.
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Ham S, Suh J, Oh T, Kim C, Seo BJ, Chae C. Efficacy of a novel bivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2d and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae against a dual PCV2d and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae challenge. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1176091. [PMID: 37565086 PMCID: PMC10410152 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1176091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Information on efficacy of a novel bivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2d (PCV2d) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Objective To evaluate bivalent vaccine for efficacy under experimental conditions. Animals Clinically healthy 35 weaned piglets at 18 days of age were used. Methods A 2.0 mL dose of bivalent vaccine was administered intramuscularly to pigs at 21 days of age in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. The pigs were challenged at 42 days of age either intranasally with PCV2d, or intratracheally with M. hyopneumoniae, or with both. Results Vaccinated-challenged pigs improved the growth performance compared to pigs that were unvaccinated and then, challenged. Vaccinated-challenged pigs elicited a significant amount of protective immunity for PCV2d-specific neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC) as well as for M. hyopneumoniae-specific IFN-γ-SC compared to unvaccinated/challenged pigs. Induction of systemic cellular and humoral immune responses from bivalent vaccination reduced the viral and mycoplasmal loads in the blood and larynx. Vaccination and challenge simultaneously reduced both lung and lymphoid lesion severity when compared to unvaccinated-challenged pigs. Discussion The results of this study demonstrated that the evaluated bivalent PCV2d and M. hyopneumoniae vaccine was efficacious in protecting pigs from the most predominant PCV2d genotype in the field today, as evaluated with a dual PCV2d and M. hyopneumoniae challenge under experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sehyeong Ham
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Suh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Oh T, Kim G, Baek SH, Woo Y, Koo BS, Hwang EH, Shim K, An YJ, Kim Y, Park JH, Hong JJ. Comparative spatial transcriptomic profiling of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Delta and Omicron variants infections in the lungs of cynomolgus macaques. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28847. [PMID: 37272485 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variants are generally less pathogenic than previous strains. However, elucidating the molecular basis for pulmonary immune response alterations is challenging owing to the virus's heterogeneous distribution within complex tissue structure. Here, we revealed the spatial transcriptomic profiles of pulmonary microstructures at the SARS-CoV-2 infection site in the nine cynomolgus macaques upon inoculation with the Delta and Omicron variants. Delta- and Omicron-infected lungs had upregulation of genes involved in inflammation, cytokine response, complement, cell damage, proliferation, and differentiation pathways. Depending on the tissue microstructures (alveoli, bronchioles, and blood vessels), there were differences in the types of significantly upregulated genes in each pathway. Notably, a limited number of genes involved in cytokine and cell damage response were differentially expressed between bronchioles of the Delta- and Omicron-infection groups. These results indicated that despite a significant antigenic shift in SARS-CoV-2, the host immune response mechanisms induced by the variants were relatively consistent, with limited transcriptional alterations observed only in large airways. This study may aid in understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and developing a clinical strategy for addressing immune dysregulation by identifying potential transcriptional biomarkers within pulmonary microstructures during infection with emerging variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), National Primate Research Centre, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Green Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), National Primate Research Centre, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Ho Baek
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), National Primate Research Centre, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - YoungMin Woo
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), National Primate Research Centre, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon-Sang Koo
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), National Primate Research Centre, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Hwang
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), National Primate Research Centre, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyuyoung Shim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), National Primate Research Centre, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jung An
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), National Primate Research Centre, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), National Primate Research Centre, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), National Primate Research Centre, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sivaperumal VR, Mani R, Polisetti V, Aruchamy K, Oh T. One-Pot Hydrothermal Preparation of Hydroxyapatite/Zinc Oxide Nanorod Nanocomposites and Their Cytotoxicity Evaluation against MG-63 Osteoblast-like Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010345. [PMID: 36615538 PMCID: PMC9823595 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, HAp-ZnO nanorod nanocomposites were successfully prepared using a customized hydrothermal reactor and studied for their compatibility against MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. The crystallinity, morphology, presence of chemical elements, and surface area properties were studied by XRD (X-ray diffraction), FE-SEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), EDS (energy dispersive spectrum) and N2 adsorption/desorption isotherm techniques, respectively. Further, the mechanical strength and thermal analysis were carried out using the nanoindentation method and thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimeter (TG/DSC) methods, respectively. Moreover, in vitro biocompatibility studies for the prepared samples were carried out against human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG-63). The crystalline nature of the samples without any impurity phases was notified from XRD results. The formation of composites with the morphology of nanorods and the presence of desired elements in the intended ratio were verified using FE-SEM and EDS spectra, respectively. The TG/DSC results revealed the improved thermal stability of the HAp matrix, promoted by the reinforcement of the ZnO nanorods. The nanoindentation study ensured a significant enhancement in the mechanical stability of the prepared composite material. Finally, it demonstrated that the HAp matrix's mechanical strength and thermal stability were improved by the reinforcement of ZnO, and the cytotoxicity evaluation affirmed the biocompatible nature of the biomimetic hydroxyapatite in the composite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajkumar Mani
- Department of Physics, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore 641014, India
| | - Veerababu Polisetti
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (K.A.); (T.O.)
| | - Kanakaraj Aruchamy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (K.A.); (T.O.)
| | - Taehwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (K.A.); (T.O.)
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Suh J, Oh T, Chae C. Virulence comparison of 4 porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) genotypes: 2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e with a single infection and co-infection with PCV-2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Can J Vet Res 2023; 87:41-50. [PMID: 36606036 PMCID: PMC9808848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the virulence of 4 porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV-2) genotypes (2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e) in pigs singly infected with 1 of these 4 PCV-2 genotypes and pigs dually infected with a combination of 1 of the 4 PCV-2 genotypes and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Virulence was determined based on levels of PCV-2 loads in the blood and lymph nodes and the severity of lymphoid lesion. Within the singly infected groups, PCV-2a, PCV-2b, and PCV-2d resulted in a similar virulence to each other and all were more virulent than the PCV-2e groups. Within the dually infected groups, the combination of PCV-2d and PRRSV was more virulent than the other 3 PCV-2 genotypes (2a, 2b, and 2e), each in combination with PRRSV. Both PCV-2a+PRRSV and PCV-2b+PRRSV were more virulent than PCV-2e+PRRSV in dually infected pigs. This increased virulence of PCV-2d compared to the other 3 PCV-2 genotypes (2a, 2b, and 2e) may be attributed to an extra amino acid (lysine residue) found within open reading frame 2 (ORF2) of PCV-2d. In contrast, extra amino acids in ORF2 may decrease the virulence of PCV-2e when compared to the other 3 PCV-2 genotypes (2a, 2b, and 2d). The results of this study demonstrated that PCV-2d was the most virulent PCV-2 genotype in pigs co-infected with PRRSV. The results also suggest that genetic differences in the ORF2 of PCV-2 may affect the virulence of PCV-2 genotypes.
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Praveena R, Balasankar A, Aruchamy K, Oh T, Polisetti V, Ramasundaram S, Anbazhakan K. Structural Activity and HAD Inhibition Efficiency of Pelargonidin and Its Glucoside-A Theoretical Approach. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27228016. [PMID: 36432125 PMCID: PMC9696994 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27228016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are an important pharmaceutical ingredient possessing diet regulatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Pelargonidin is an important anthocyanin-based orange-red flavonoid compound used in drugs for treating hypoglycemia, retinopathy, skeletal myopathy, etc. The main sources of pelargonidin are strawberries and food products with red pigmentation. There is a lack of evidence for supporting its use as an independent supplement. In the present study, pelargonidin and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside are studied for their structural properties using quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory. The results confirmed that the parent compound and its glycosylated derivative acted as good electron donors. Electrostatic potential, frontier molecular orbitals, and molecular descriptor analyses also substantiated their electron donating properties. Furthermore, based on the probability, a target prediction was performed for pelargonidin and pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside. Hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A dehydrogenase was chosen as an enzymatic target of interest, since the presence work focuses on glucuronidated compounds and their efficacy over diabetes. Possible interactions between these compounds and a target with nominable binding energies were also evaluated. Further, the structural stability of these two compounds were also analyzed using a molecular dynamics simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rangasamy Praveena
- Department of Chemistry, Bannari Amman Institute of Technology, Sathyamangalam 638401, India
| | | | - Kanakaraj Aruchamy
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Veerababu Polisetti
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (S.R.); (K.A.)
| | - Subramaniyan Ramasundaram
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (S.R.); (K.A.)
| | - Kandasamy Anbazhakan
- Department of Physics, Gobi Arts & Science College, Gobichettipalayam 638453, India
- Correspondence: (V.P.); (S.R.); (K.A.)
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Suh J, Oh T, Chae C. An evaluation of intradermal all-in-one vaccine based on an inactivated recombinant Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strain expressing porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) capsid protein against Korean stains of PCV2d and M. hyopneumoniae challenge. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2022; 90-91:101911. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2022.101911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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12
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Patnaik R, Khan MTA, Oh T, Yamaguchi S, Fritze DM. Technical skills simulation in transplant surgery: a systematic review. Global Surg Educ 2022; 1:42. [PMID: 38013707 PMCID: PMC9483372 DOI: 10.1007/s44186-022-00028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Transplant surgery is a demanding field in which the technical skills of the surgeon correlates with patient outcomes. As such, there is potential for simulation-based training to play an important role in technical skill acquisition. This study provides a systematic assessment of the current literature regarding the use of simulation to improve surgeon technical skills in transplantation. Methods Data were collected by performing an electronic search of the PubMed and Scopus database for articles describing simulation in transplant surgery. The abstracts were screened using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Three reviewers analyzed 172 abstracts and agreed upon articles that met the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Results Simulators can be categorized into virtual reality simulators, cadaveric models, animal models (animate or inanimate) and synthetic physical models. No virtual reality simulators in transplant surgery are described in the literature. Three cadaveric models, seven animal models and eight synthetic physical models specific to transplant surgery are described. A total of 18 publications focusing on technical skills simulation in kidney, liver, lung, pancreas, and cardiac transplantation were found with the majority focusing on kidney transplantation. Conclusions This systematic review identifies currently reported simulation models in transplant surgery. This will serve as a reference for general surgery and transplant surgery professionals interested in using simulation to enhance their technical skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Patnaik
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900 USA
| | - M. T. A. Khan
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900 USA
| | - T. Oh
- Long School of Medicine, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - S. Yamaguchi
- Department of Transplant Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
| | - D. M. Fritze
- Department of Transplant Surgery, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX USA
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13
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Cho H, Oh T, Suh J, Chae C. A Comparative Field Evaluation of the Effect of Growth Performance Between Porcine Circovirus Type 2a (PCV2a)- and PCV2b-Based Bivalent Vaccines Containing PCV2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:859344. [PMID: 35812885 PMCID: PMC9263624 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.859344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare two different bivalent vaccines containing porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. One vaccine contained PCV2a and the other contained PCV2b, and both were administered on a farm suffering from subclinical PCV2d infection and enzootic pneumonia. A total of 180 pigs were randomly divided into 3 groups (60 pigs per group; male pigs = 30 and female pigs = 30). Bivalent vaccination significantly improved growth performance in both vaccinated groups as compared to the unvaccinated (UnVac) group. Growth performance measured by body weight and average daily weight gain (ADWG) was not significantly different between the two bivalent-vaccinated groups (VacA and VacB). Both bivalent vaccines elicited high levels of neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC) against PCV2d, leading to a reduction in the levels of PCV2d blood viral load as compared to unvaccinated animals. Similarly, both bivalent vaccines elicited high levels of IFN-γ-SC against M. hyopneumoniae that reduced the level of M. hyopneumoniae laryngeal viral loads as compared to unvaccinated animals. Significant differences in severity of lung and lymphoid lesions were observed in both vaccinated groups as compared to the UnVac group. These comparative field data demonstrated that both bivalent vaccines are good candidates for controlling subclinical PCV2d infection and enzootic pneumonia in swine farms suffering from an existing infection.
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Park KH, Cho H, Oh T, Yang S, Chae C. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the detection and differentiation of 4 porcine circovirus 2 genotypes (PCV-2a, -2b, -2d, and -2e) in clinical samples. Can J Vet Res 2022; 86:153-156. [PMID: 35388234 PMCID: PMC8978285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus 2 (PCV-2) and differentiation among 4 PCV-2 genotypes (2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e) in collected clinical lymph node samples. The multiplex PCR detected each of 4 PCV-2 genotypes (2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e) to a dilution of 2 × 101 copies/μL. PCV-2a, PCV-2b, PCV-2d, and PCV-2e were propagated in tissues prior to DNA extraction for use in multiplex PCR for the simultaneous detection and differentiation of 4 PCV-2 genotypes. The designed multiplex PCR effectively detected and differentiated various combinations of multiple infection, such as PCV-2a+2b, PCV-2a+2d, PCV-2b+2d, PCV-2a+2e, and PCV-2a+2b+2d, in clinical lymph node samples. The results of this study demonstrated that multiplex PCR testing of clinical samples developed herein was able to simultaneously detect and differentiate among the 4 PCV-2 genotypes (PCV-2a, 2b, 2d, and 2e).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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15
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Yang S, Lee JY, Oh T, Park KH, Cho H, Suh J, Min KD, Ham HJ, Chae C. Comparative growth performance of 3 types of combination vaccines containing porcine circovirus 2 and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae under field conditions. Can J Vet Res 2022; 86:93-101. [PMID: 35388232 PMCID: PMC8978288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this field trial was to compare the effect of 3 different types of combination vaccines on growth performance in pigs under field conditions. The vaccines compared were: a trivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2a and 2b (PCV-2a/b); and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae; a mixable bivalent vaccine containing PCV-2a and M. hyopneumoniae; and a ready-to-use bivalent vaccine containing PCV-2a and M. hyopneumoniae. Two farms were selected on the basis of their history of subclinical PCV-2d infection and enzootic pneumonia. A total of 120 pigs on each farm was randomly divided into 4 groups of 30 pigs each. The trivalent-vaccinated group from both farms outperformed each bivalent-vaccinated group in terms of growth performance. Growth performance was significantly improved during the fattening period (70 to 175 d of age) in the mixable bivalent-vaccinated group compared with the ready-to-use bivalent-vaccinated group on 1 farm. The trivalent-vaccinated group elicited higher levels of neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC) against PCV-2d, while simultaneously decreasing the levels of PCV-2d load in blood when compared with the mixable and ready-to-use bivalent-vaccinated groups. The trivalent-vaccinated group also elicited higher levels of IFN-γ-SC against M. hyopneumoniae and lower levels of M. hyopneumoniae load in the larynx when compared with the mixable and ready-to-use bivalent-vaccinated groups. The results of the present study demonstrated that a trivalent vaccine containing PCV-2a/b and M. hyopneumoniae resulted in a more productive parameter, higher immune responses, and less blood-viral and mycoplasmal larynx-loads when compared with the mixable and ready-to-use bivalent vaccines despite the presence of ongoing subclinical PCV-2d infection and enzootic pneumonia on the farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Yang, Lee, Oh, Park, Cho, Suh, Chae), College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Joo Young Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Yang, Lee, Oh, Park, Cho, Suh, Chae), College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Yang, Lee, Oh, Park, Cho, Suh, Chae), College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Yang, Lee, Oh, Park, Cho, Suh, Chae), College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Yang, Lee, Oh, Park, Cho, Suh, Chae), College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Jeongmin Suh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Yang, Lee, Oh, Park, Cho, Suh, Chae), College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Kyung-Duk Min
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Yang, Lee, Oh, Park, Cho, Suh, Chae), College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Hee Jin Ham
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Yang, Lee, Oh, Park, Cho, Suh, Chae), College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology (Yang, Lee, Oh, Park, Cho, Suh, Chae), College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
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Oh T, Do DT, Lai DC, Nguyen LT, Lee JY, Van Le P, Chae C. Chronological expression and distribution of African swine fever virus p30 and p72 proteins in experimentally infected pigs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4151. [PMID: 35264737 PMCID: PMC8907298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08142-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV), the causative agent of contagious hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs and wild boars, has temporally regulated gene expression kinetics. The p30 and p72 major structural proteins are involved in viral entry each with different expression kinetics, but neither of their chronological expressions and distribution have been identified in virus-infected animals. Here, we found that both transcription and translation levels of p30 were significantly higher than those of p72 in target organs during the earlier infection-phase. Lymphocyte apoptosis/necrosis and angiectasia were observed as signs of early infection with acute African swine fever. These results show that the chronologically differential expression of ASFV structural proteins tends to be prominent in infected animals, and the p30 protein could play a role in the indication of acute lesions during early infection compared to the late-expressed p72 protein. In conclusion, we propose to consider the chronological expression dynamics of ASFV structural proteins in infected animals to understand virus pathogenesis and antigen targeting for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Tien Do
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Danh Cong Lai
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc district, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lan Thi Nguyen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Joo Young Lee
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories, Daejeon, 34055, Republic of Korea
| | - Phan Van Le
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Vietnam National University of Agriculture (VNUA), Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Um H, Yang S, Oh T, Cho H, Park KH, Suh J, Chae C. A field efficacy trial of a trivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2a and 2b, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in three herds. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:578-590. [PMID: 34687172 PMCID: PMC8959324 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This field trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy of a new trivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2a and 2b (PCV2a/b), and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at three independent locations. METHODS Three farms were selected based on their history of PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae co-infection. Each farm housed a total of 60, 3-day-old pigs that were randomly allocated to one of three treatment groups. Pigs were administered the trivalent vaccine intramuscularly with either a 1.0 ml dose at 3 and 24 days of age or a 2.0 ml dose at 21 days of age in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. RESULTS Clinically, the average daily weight gain of the one-dose and two-dose vaccinated groups within all three farms was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those of unvaccinated animals during the growing (70-112 days of age), finishing (112-175 days of age) and overall (3-175 days of age) stages of production. One-dose and two-dose vaccinated animals elicited neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ-secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC), which reduced the amount of PCV2 in terms of blood load and reduced the severity of lymphoid lesions when compared with unvaccinated animals. Similarly, one-dose and two-dose vaccinated animals elicited IFN-γ-SC, which reduced the amount of M. hyopneumoniae in terms of laryngeal load and reduced the severity of lung lesions. CONCLUSIONS The intramuscular administration of either one or two doses of trivalent vaccine was not significantly different in any of the evaluated parameters. The results of field trial demonstrated that the trivalent vaccine was efficacious in the protection of swine herds where PCV2d and M. hyopneumoniae were in active circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyungmin Um
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guRepublic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guRepublic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guRepublic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guRepublic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Suh
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guRepublic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guRepublic of Korea
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Oh T, Do DT, Lai DC, Nguyen TC, Vo HV, Chae C. Age-related viral load and severity of systemic pathological lesions in acute naturally occurring African swine fever virus genotype II infections. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 79:101709. [PMID: 34543808 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2021.101709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) causes a contagious hemorrhagic disease in all ages of pigs without sex predilections. The objective of this study was to determine the age-related viral loads and severity of systemic pathological lesions among three different swine group ages (weaned pigs, fattening pigs, and sows) during a recent outbreak of acute ASF in Vietnam. Age-related viral loads were determined in 5 major organs (lung, liver, spleen, kidney, and lymph node) by immunohistochemistry as well as in the blood by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Age-related systemic pathological lesions were analyzed in the listed organs among three age groups. Weaned pigs had significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of viral loads in their lung, liver, lymph nodes and blood than in those of fattening pigs and sows. Fattening pigs had significantly (p < 0.05) higher scores of macroscopic lung and lymphoid lesions, and microscopic liver lesions compared with those of weaned pigs and sows. The results of this study demonstrated that viral loads were age-related in acute naturally occurring ASF but the severity of pathological lesions was not correlated with the level of viral loads in the five major organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy Tien Do
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Danh Cong Lai
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh Che Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hung Van Vo
- Department of Animal Health, Center for Veterinary Diagnostics, Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Oh T, Park KH, Yang S, Cho H, Suh J, Chae C. Pathogenicity of Porcine Circovirus Type 2d (PCV2d) in Pigs Infected with PCV2d or Co-infected with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and PCV2d or with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus and PCV2d. J Comp Pathol 2021; 187:75-82. [PMID: 34503658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the pathogenicity of porcine circovirus type 2d (PCV2d) in pigs inoculated intranasally with PCV2d alone, PCV2d in combination with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae or PCV2d in combination with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Pigs infected with PCV2d alone were asymptomatic. All pigs inoculated with either M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2d or with PCV2d and PRRSV developed porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), as characterized by a sudden onset of clinical signs and disseminated granulomatous inflammation. Inflammation was mainly present in lymph nodes and spleen, and occasionally in liver and kidney. Pigs in both of these dually infected groups also had significantly higher (P <0.05) microscopic lymphoid lesion scores and a significantly higher (P <0.05) number of PCV2-positive cells in lymph node tissue than did pigs inoculated with PCV2d alone. The M. hyopneumoniae and PRRSV combination potentiated the PCV2d load in the blood. Co-infection with PRRSV and PCV2d resulted in a significantly higher blood load of PCV2d compared with the M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2d combination. Successful reproduction of PCVAD in pigs appears to require PCV2d with at least one additional infectious agent, such as M. hyopneumoniae or PRRSV, for the full manifestation of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Suh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Oh T, Nguyen TM, Ngo TTN, Thinh D, Nguyen TTP, Do LD, Do DT. Long-term follow-up of convalescent pigs and their offspring after an outbreak of acute African swine fever in Vietnam. Transbound Emerg Dis 2021; 68:3194-3199. [PMID: 34346170 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious haemorrhagic disease in pigs and has become endemic in several Vietnam provinces since the first outbreak in 2019. The presence of carriers and the recurrence of disease in the surviving swine herd after an ASF outbreak has not previously been properly evaluated. In this study, pigs naturally infected with an acute form of ASF were allowed to recover from the disease. A serological follow-up was conducted for more than 14 months with 14 convalescent gilts and their offspring. All convalescent animals had long lasting high serum antibody levels without persistent viremia. They also did not excrete virus via nasal discharge post-recovery. These convalescent pigs could partially perform as replacement gilts despite the fact that ASF affected reproductive performance. Here, we confirmed that there were neither the carriers of nor recurrence of disease in the convalescent pigs and their offspring following the outbreak of acute ASF. These findings may facilitate efforts to design a new farming model in ASF endemic provinces in Vietnam where there is a lack of a repopulation strategy due to the limited funding received from the local regulatory authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tien Manh Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tram Thi Ngoc Ngo
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Danh Thinh
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trang Thi Phuong Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Luc Duc Do
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Vietnam National University of Agriculture, Gia Lam, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duy Tien Do
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Oh T, Suh J, Park KH, Yang S, Cho H, Chae C. A Comparison of Pathogenicity and Virulence of Three Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Genotypes (a, b, and d) in Pigs Singularly Inoculated with PCV2 and Dually Inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and PCV2. Pathogens 2021; 10:979. [PMID: 34451444 PMCID: PMC8400386 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10080979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the virulence of three different porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotypes (PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d) in pigs infected with either one of these three PCV2 genotypes versus pigs dually inoculated with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and PCV2. Pigs were inoculated intratracheally with M. hyopneumoniae at 4 weeks of age followed by another intranasal inoculation at 6 weeks of age with one of three PCV2 genotypes. Dual infection with two pathogens produced moderate and severe dyspnea, lethargy, and reduced weight gain in pigs regardless of the PCV2 genotype evaluated compared with pigs only inoculated with PCV2. The overall levels of PCV2d viremia and severity of lymphoid lesions, and PCV2-antigen within lymphoid lesions were significantly higher in pigs dually inoculated with M. hyopneumoniae/PCV2d when compared with all other dually inoculated groups. The level of PCV2 viremia and the production of PCV2-associated lymphoid lesions did not differ significantly among PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d single-inoculated pig groups. The results of this study demonstrated that M. hyopneumoniae potentiated the replication of PCV2d more than it did with the other PCV2 genotypes as measured by lymphoid lesion severity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (T.O.); (J.S.); (K.H.P.); (S.Y.); (H.C.)
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22
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Suh J, Oh T, Park K, Yang S, Cho H, Chae C. A Comparison of Virulence of Three Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) Genotypes (a, b, and d) in Pigs Singularly Inoculated with PCV2 and Dually Inoculated with PCV2 and Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Pathogens 2021; 10:891. [PMID: 34358041 PMCID: PMC8308741 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the virulence of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotypes in dually inoculated pigs with both three genotypes (a, b, and d) of PCV2 and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus-2 (PRRSV-2) versus pigs singularly inoculated with the same three PCV2 genotypes (a, b, and d). Differences in this comparison were found in PCV2 viremia levels, lung and lymphoid lesion severity, and the amount of PCV2 antigen within the lymphoid lesions. Regardless of PCV2 genotypes, pigs that were dually inoculated with PCV2/PRRSV had significantly higher clinical scores, less average daily weight gain, higher levels of PCV2 viremia, and more severe lug and lymphoid lesions compared to pigs singularly inoculated with PCV2. Among the dually infected pig groups, pigs infected with PCV2d/PRRSV-2 had significantly higher levels of PCV2 viremia, more severe lung and lymphoid lesions, and more PCV2-positive cells within lymphoid lesions compared to pigs dually inoculated with PCV2a/PRRSV-2 and PCV2b/PRRSV-2. The results of this study demonstrated significant differences in the virulence among dual inoculation of PCV2a/PRRSV-2, PCV2b/PRRSV-2, and PCV2d/PRRSV-2. A significant difference in the virulence among PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d single-inoculated pig groups was not found with respect to the levels of PCV2 viremia and production of PCV2-associated lymphoid lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (J.S.); (T.O.); (K.P.); (S.Y.); (H.C.)
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23
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Yang S, Oh T, Park KH, Cho H, Suh J, Chae C. Experimental efficacy of a trivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus types 2a/b (PCV2a/b) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae against PCV2d and M. hyopneumoniae challenges. Vet Microbiol 2021; 258:109100. [PMID: 33984792 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new trivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus types 2a/b (PCV2a/b) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Pigs were administered the vaccine intramuscularly as either at 3 and 24 days of age with 1.0 mL or at 21 days of age with 2.0 mL according to the manufacturer's recommendations. The pigs were challenged at 42 days of age with either PCV2d (intranasal route) or M. hyopneumoniae (intratracheal route), or both. No statistical differences were observed between the one-dose and two-dose experiments based on clinical (growth performance), immunological (protective immunity), microbiological (viremia and laryngeal swab), and pathological (pulmonary and lymphoid lesion) outcomes. Pigs in vaccinated/challenged and unvaccinated/unchallenged groups showed significant difference in growth performance compared to pigs in the unvaccinated/challenged group in both dosage experiments. Vaccinated pigs elicited a significant amount of protective immunity for PCV2d-specific neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC) as well as M. hyopneumoniae-specific IFN-γ-SC significantly post-challenge compared to unvaccinated/challenged pigs. Vaccination and challenge reduced the viral load amount of PCV2d in the blood and reduced the M. hyopneumoniae load in laryngeal swab, while simultaneously reducing both pulmonary and lymphoid lesion severity when compared to unvaccinated/challenged pigs. Trivalent vaccination provided good protection against a single PCV2d challenge, single M. hyopneumoniae challenge, and a PCV2d/M. hyopneumoniae dual challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Suh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Ahn Y, Yang S, Oh T, Park KH, Cho H, Suh J, Chae C. Efficacy Evaluation of a Bivalent Vaccine Containing Porcine Circovirus Type 2b and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Against an Experimental Dual Challenge. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:652313. [PMID: 33996979 PMCID: PMC8119751 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.652313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new, single-dose bivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2b (PCV2b) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae against a dual PCV2b and M. hyopneumoniae challenge. At −25 days post challenge (dpc, 10 days of age), one pig group (designated as the vaccinated/challenged group) received a single, 1.0 ml dose of bivalent vaccine. Pigs in both the vaccinated/challenged and unvaccinated/challenged groups were then inoculated intranasally with PCV2b and M. hyopneumoniae at 0 dpc (35 days of age). Pigs in vaccinated/challenged group induced significantly higher levels of neutralizing antibodies against PCV2b and cell-mediated immunity against PCV2b and M. hyopneumonia when compared with pigs in unvaccinated/challenged group. The vaccination of pigs with a bivalent vaccine also reduced PCV2b viremia, reduced mycoplasmal nasal shedding, and decreased the severity of both lung and lymphoid lesions for PCV2b and M. hyopneumoniae infection, respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that the evaluated bivalent vaccine was effective in protecting pigs against PCV2b and M. hyopneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Ahn
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jeongmin Suh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Oh T, Do DT, Vo HV, Kwon HI, Lee SC, Kim MH, Nguyen DTT, Le QTV, Tran TM, Nguyen TT, Lee JY, Chae C. The Isolation and Replication of African Swine Fever Virus in Primary Renal-Derived Swine Macrophages. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:645456. [PMID: 33816588 PMCID: PMC8017199 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.645456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes hemorrhagic disease in domestic pigs by replicating mainly in monocyte/macrophage lineages. Various primary cells including pulmonary alveolar macrophages have been used for the propagation of ASFV on this account. However, ethical constraints and consistency problems exist as it is necessary to harvest same phenotype of primary cells in order to continue a study. We suggested renal-derived swine macrophages as a novel primary cell candidate to address these issues. These primary cells proved to be permissive to both cell adapted ASFV and a wild-type ASFV. Compared to the commercial cell line MA-104, the renal-derived macrophages were more suitable to isolate the field virus. The consistent molecular characteristics of the renal-derived macrophages were demonstrated by immunocytochemistry with antibodies against macrophage cell surface markers including CD163, CD172a, and Iba-1. Viral protein p30 and p72 expression in ASFV infected macrophages was confirmed by immunocytochemistry by use of specific monoclonal antibodies. We observed increase of cell-free viral DNA and infectious virus titer in infected cell supernatant in successive days-post-infection. These results demonstrated that primary renal-derived swine macrophages are useful for ASFV isolation and propagation in terms of cell phenotypes, susceptibility to the virus, and virus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duy Tien Do
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hung Van Vo
- Department of Animal Health, Center for Veterinary Diagnostics, Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hyeok-Il Kwon
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories, Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Min Ho Kim
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dung Thi Thu Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang Tin Vinh Le
- Department of Animal Health, Center for Veterinary Diagnostics, Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tan Minh Tran
- Department of Animal Health, Center for Veterinary Diagnostics, Regional Animal Health Office No. 6, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Toan Tat Nguyen
- Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Nong Lam University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Joo Young Lee
- ChoongAng Vaccine Laboratories, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Bae S, Lim D, Kim D, Jeon J, Oh T. In vitro antibacterial effects of non-thermal atmospheric plasma irradiation on Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pol J Vet Sci 2021; 23:13-19. [PMID: 32233288 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2019.131414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last decade, atmospheric plasma has been used to treating bacterial infections in humans due to its bactericidal effects; however, its efficacy in dogs is unclear. This study evaluated the in vitro bactericidal efficacy of atmospheric plasma on Staphylococcus pseudinter- medius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two of the most important bacterial agents isolated from canine pyodermas. Three isolates each of S. pseudintermedius and P. aeruginosa obtained from dogs with pyoderma were subjected to atmospheric plasma. The isolates from the control group were not exposed to plasma, while those from the treatment groups were exposed to plasma for 15 (7.5 J/cm2), 30 (15 J/cm2), 60 (30 J/cm2), or 90 (45 J/cm2) seconds. After each treatment, a reduction in colony formation was observed. Bacterial viability was evaluated using the LIVE/ DEAD® BacLight™ Bacterial Viability Kit. The antibacterial effects were evaluated with Image J software and significance was assessed statistically in comparison to the control group. The bactericidal effect of atmospheric plasma against both bacteria increased significantly in a time-dependent manner. These results demonstrate the bactericidal capacity of atmospheric plasma, and suggest that it could serve as an alternative treatment method for canine pyoderma. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of atmospheric plasma in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bae
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - D Lim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - D Kim
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - J Jeon
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - T Oh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Lee JY, Park KH, Oh T, Yang S, Suh J, Ham HJ, Chae C. Experimental reproduction of porcine respiratory disease complex in pigs inoculated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and followed by inoculation with porcine circovirus type 2. J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:427-430. [PMID: 33473060 PMCID: PMC8025419 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to reproduce severe pneumonic lesions, similar to those during naturally-occurring porcine respiratory disease complex, in pigs dually inoculated with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae at 6 weeks of age, followed by inoculation with porcine circovirus type 2 at two weeks after. Time and sequence of infection with three pathogens mirror Asian field conditions. Microscopically, interstitial pneumonia and peribronchiolar lymphoid hyperplasia are considered the most characteristic lung lesions in infected pigs. The results of the present study demonstrate that inoculation of pigs with these three pathogens can lead to severe interstitial pneumonia with peribronchial or peribronchiolar lymphoid hyperplasia and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Lee
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongmin Suh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Ham
- College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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28
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Yang S, Ahn Y, Oh T, Cho H, Park KH, Chae C. Field evaluation of a sing-dose bivalent vaccine of porcine circovirus type 2b and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Vet Med Sci 2021; 7:755-765. [PMID: 33386664 PMCID: PMC8136929 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field efficacy of a bivalent vaccine containing porcine circovirus type 2b (PCV2b) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae was evaluated on three pig farms. METHODS Three pig farms were used, two of which had a history of subclinical PCV2 and clinical M. hyopneumoniae infections between 84 and 126 days of age while concurrent porcine circovirus-associated disease and clinical M. hyopneumoniae infection between 70 and 105 days of age. Each farm vaccinated pigs with a single dose of a bivalent vaccine at 10 days of age while unvaccinated pigs were administered a single dose of phosphate buffered-saline at the same age. RESULTS Vaccination improved growth performance and reduced clinical scores significantly (p < .05) when compared with unvaccinated animals. The amount of PCV2d loads in blood and M. hyopneumoniae loads in nasal swabs of vaccinated animals were also significantly lower (p < .05) when compared with unvaccinated animals. Immunologically, vaccinated groups elicited a significantly higher (p < .05) level of protective immunity against PCV2d such as neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC), as well as protective immunity against M. hyopneumoniae such as IFN-γ-SC when compared with unvaccinated animals. Pathologically, vaccination significantly lowered (p < .05) the scores of M. hyopneumoniae-induced pneumonia and PCV2-associated lymphoid lesions when compared with unvaccinated animals. CONCLUSIONS The evaluated bivalent vaccine provided good protection against PCV2d and M. hyopneumoniae infection under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Ahn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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29
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Kim S, Oh T, Yang S, Cho H, Chae C. Experimental evaluation of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterin against a Korean M. hyopneumoniae challenge. Can J Vet Res 2021; 85:77-81. [PMID: 33390658 PMCID: PMC7747666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae bacterin against a Korean M. hyopneumoniae challenge under experimental conditions. Fifteen pigs were allocated randomly into 3 groups (5 pigs per group) that were designated in 1 of 3 ways: vaccinated-challenged, unvaccinated-challenged, or unvaccinated-unchallenged. The pigs in the vaccinated-challenged group were immunized with an M. hyopneumoniae whole-cell bacterin at a 1.0 mL dose-level at 21 d old. At 42 d old (0 d post-challenge), the pigs in the vaccinated-challenged and unvaccinated-challenged groups were inoculated intranasally with a strain of Korean M. hyopneumoniae. Vaccinated-challenged pigs elicited a strong cell-mediated immunity as measured by M. hyopneumoniae-specific interferon-γ secreting cells when compared with unvaccinated-challenged pigs. Vaccination of pigs with this new M. hyopneumoniae bacterin reduced nasal shedding and lung lesions. The evaluated vaccine was therefore considered effective in controlling M. hyopneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- SooHwan Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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30
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Oh T, Park S, Cho H, Yang S, Ham HJ, Chae C. Comparative evaluation of 4 commercial modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines against heterologous dual Korean PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:846-853. [PMID: 32437071 PMCID: PMC7738743 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Four commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) modified-live vaccines (MLV) was compared to protect growing pigs against dual challenge of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. METHODS Two of the vaccines were based on PRRSV-1, and two on PRRSV-2. A total of 72 PRRSV-naïve pigs were divided into six groups (12 pigs/group). RESULTS Two PRRSV-1 MLV-vaccinated and two PRRSV-2 MLV-vaccinated groups reduced significantly (p < .05) genomic copies of PRRSV-1 in their sera compared to the unvaccinated challenged group. Two PRRSV-2 MLV-vaccinated groups reduced significantly (p < .05) fewer genomic copies of PRRSV-2 in their sera whereas two PRRSV-1 MLV-vaccinated groups were unable to reduce genomic copies of PRRSV-2 compared to unvaccinated challenged groups. Two PRRSV-1 MLV-vaccinated groups induced a stronger PRRSV-1 specific IFN-γ-SC response, while two PRRSV-2 MLV-vaccinated groups induced a stronger PRRSV-2 specific IFN-γ-SC response. Two PRRSV-2 MLV-vaccinated groups showed significantly (p < .05) lower mean macroscopic and microscopic lung lesion scores compared to two PRRSV-1 MLV-vaccinated groups. CONCLUSIONS These data demonstrated that two PRRSV-2 vaccines were efficacious and exhibited similar protection while, two PRRSV-1 vaccines were largely ineffective against the dual challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Su‐Jin Park
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Ham
- College of Liberal ArtsAnyang UniversityAnyang‐siRepublic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- College of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary PathologySeoul National UniversityGwanak‐guSeoulRepublic of Korea
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31
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Park KH, Oh T, Cho H, Yang S, Chae C. The first isolation of porcine circovirus type 2e from a Korean pig. Arch Virol 2020; 165:2927-2930. [PMID: 33005985 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04827-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
This study describes the first isolation and genetic characterization of the newly emerging porcine circovirus type 2e (PCV2e) from Korean pigs. The PCV2e isolate did not produce a cytopathic effect in PCV-free PK-15 cells; therefore, PCV2e infection was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry with polyclonal PCV2a antibodies and polymerase chain reaction with primers specific for PCV2e. As the infected PCV-free PK-15 cells were passaged, the amount of infectious virus correlated with an increase in the amount of viral DNA (i.e., a decrease in the cycle threshold values. A full genomic analysis of the PCV2e strain SNUVR199711 was performed and showed that the genome is 1,777 nucleotides in length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Yang S, Park SJ, Oh T, Cho H, Chae C. Efficacy comparison of commercial porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae monovalent and bivalent vaccines against a dual challenge. Can J Vet Res 2020; 84:272-282. [PMID: 33012976 PMCID: PMC7491006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of commercially available porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccines. A total of 80 pigs was randomly divided into 6 treatment groups; 4 of the groups each received a different vaccine as well as a dual challenge. The remaining 2 groups were used as controls, 1 of which also received a dual challenge. Two of the 4 groups of pigs were administered 2 monovalent vaccines (designated as either monovalent vaccine A or B) of PCV2 at 7 days old and of M. hyopneumoniae at 21 days old. The remaining 2 vaccinated groups of pigs received a bivalent vaccine (designated as either bivalent vaccine A or B) of PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae at 21 days old. All 4 vaccinated groups were challenged with M. hyopneumoniae at 42 days old [-14 d post-challenge (dpc)], followed by a PCV2d challenge at 56 days old (0 dpc). All 4 vaccinated/challenged groups displayed a reduction in clinical signs, PCV2d viremia, nasal shedding of M. hyopneumoniae, and lung lesions compared with pigs in the unvaccinated and challenged groups. Vaccination and challenge improved growth performance and increased the immunologic responses (M. hyopneumoniae- and PCV2-specific antibodies and interferon-γ-secreting cells) when compared to pigs in the unvaccinated/challenged groups. Pigs in groups vaccinated with either a monovalent or bivalent vaccine A treatment and challenge produced a larger amount of M. hyopneumoniae- and PCV2d-specific interferon-γ-secreting cells within the pigs and simultaneously reduced the nasal shedding of M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2d viremia compared with groups vaccinated with either a monovalent or bivalent vaccine B treatment and challenge. Both the bivalent vaccines and the respective monovalent vaccines were efficacious against a dual challenge of M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yang S, Oh T, Park KH, Cho H, Chae C. A Dual Swine Challenge With Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Used to Compare a Combination of Mixable Monovalent PCV2 and Monovalent M. hyopneumoniae Vaccines With a Ready-to Use PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae Bivalent Vaccine. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:579. [PMID: 32984414 PMCID: PMC7492382 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study evaluated the efficacy of swine vacciation using a combination of mixable monovalents for porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae against a ready-to-use bivalent vaccine under experimental conditions. Pigs at 21 days of age were administered either a combination of two mixable monovalent vaccines or a bivalent vaccine containing PCV2 and M. hyopneumoniae. Vaccination was followed with an M. hyopneumoniae challenge at 42 days of age (−14 days post challenge, dpc) and a PCV2d challenge at 56 days of age (0 dpc). Each vaccinated and challenged group was compared with the unvaccinated and challenged group for clinical, microbiological, immunologic, and pathologic differences. Clinically, two vaccinated and challenged groups showed minimal respiratory diseases that was characterized by occasionally coughing and sneezing. A significant difference was not calculated in the average daily weight gain, nasal shedding of M. hyopneumoniae, and pathological lesions between two vaccinated and challenged groups. A combination of two monovalent vaccines mixed into a combo prior to vaccination followed by challenge resulted in increased numbers of PCV2d-specific interferon-γ secreting cells at 21 dpc and a significant reduction in PCV2d viremia at 14 dpc when compared with the ready-to-use bivalent-vaccinated and challenged groups. These results offer supporting evidence that vaccination during the weaning to finishing period against M. hyopneumoniae and PCV2 is efficacious for controlling diseases caused by these two pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Cho H, Kang I, Oh T, Yang S, Park KH, Min KD, Ham HJ, Chae C. Comparative study of the virulence of 3 major Korean porcine circovirus type 2 genotypes (a, b, and d). Can J Vet Res 2020; 84:235-240. [PMID: 32801460 PMCID: PMC7301680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the virulence of 3 major Korean porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genotypes in terms of clinical signs, PCV2 viremia and antibody titers, lymphoid lesions, and PCV2-antigen within lymphoid lesions in experimentally infected pigs. Pigs were infected at 7 weeks with PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d strains and necropsied at 28 days post-infection. No statistical differences were observed in clinical signs, PCV2 viremia and antibody titers, lymphoid lesions scores, and numbers of PCV2 antigens among the 3 major Korean PCV2 genotypes. The results of this study indicate that the 3 major Korean PCV2 genotypes, PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d, have similar virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Kyung-Duk Min
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Hee Jin Ham
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Cho, Kang, Oh, Yang, Park, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Liberal Arts, Anyang University, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do, 14028, Republic of Korea (Ham)
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Yang S, Kang I, Cho H, Oh T, Park KH, Min KD, Chae C. A modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine protects late-term pregnancy gilts against a heterologous PRRSV-2 challenge. Can J Vet Res 2020; 84:172-180. [PMID: 32801451 PMCID: PMC7301676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a modified-live virus (MLV) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccine against a heterologous PRRSV-2 challenge in late-term pregnancy gilts under experimental conditions. Eighteen gilts were randomly assigned to vaccinated-challenged, unvaccinated-challenged, and unvaccinated-unchallenged groups (n = 6 gilts per group). Pregnant gilts in the vaccinated-challenged and unvaccinated-unchallenged groups were able to carry their pregnancies to full term and farrowed after 114 to 115 days of gestation. In contrast, pregnant gilts in the unvaccinated-challenged group did not reach full term and farrowed early, after 104 to 108 days of gestation. Pregnant gilts vaccinated with the PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine exhibited a reduction in PRRSV-2 viremia. At the time of challenge with PRRSV-2, vaccinated gilts had relatively low levels of neutralizing antibody titers (≤ 1:16 titer), whereas the number of interferon-γ-secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC) was consistently at protective levels (IFN-γ-SC, ≥ 150 per million). Induction of cell-mediated immunity, as measured by PRRSV-2-specific IFN-γ-SC, correlated with a reduction in PRRSV-2 viremia. Duration of immunity was a minimum of 19 wk. Taken together, the results presented here suggest that vaccination of gilts with a PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine can protect against a heterologous PRRSV-2 challenge and improve the reproductive performance of late-term pregnancy gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Yang, Cho, Oh, Park, Kang, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Yang, Cho, Oh, Park, Kang, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Yang, Cho, Oh, Park, Kang, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Yang, Cho, Oh, Park, Kang, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Yang, Cho, Oh, Park, Kang, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Duk Min
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Yang, Cho, Oh, Park, Kang, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, (Yang, Cho, Oh, Park, Kang, Chae) and Institute of Health and Environment (Min), Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kim J, Choi JH, Oh T, Ahn B, Unno T. Codium fragile Ameliorates High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolism by Modulating the Gut Microbiota in Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061848. [PMID: 32575855 PMCID: PMC7353201 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Codium fragile (CF) is a functional seaweed food that has been used for its health effects, including immunostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and anti-cancer activities, but the effect of CF extracts on obesity via regulation of intestinal microflora is still unknown. This study investigated anti-obesity effects of CF extracts on gut microbiota of diet-induced obese mice. C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet were given CF extracts intragastrically for 12 weeks. CF extracts significantly decreased animal body weight and the size of adipocytes, while reducing serum levels of cholesterol and glucose. In addition, CF extracts significantly shifted the gut microbiota of mice by increasing the abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreasing the abundance of Verrucomicrobia species, in which the portion of beneficial bacteria (i.e., Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae and Acetatifactor) were increased. This resulted in shifting predicted intestinal metabolic pathways involved in regulating adipocytes (i.e., mevalonate metabolism), energy harvest (i.e., pyruvate fermentation and glycolysis), appetite (i.e., chorismate biosynthesis) and metabolic disorders (i.e., isoprene biosynthesis, urea metabolism, and peptidoglycan biosynthesis). In conclusion, our study showed that CF extracts ameliorate intestinal metabolism in HF-induced obese mice by modulating the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungman Kim
- Faculty of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Jae Ho Choi
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Wando 59108, Korea; (T.O.); (B.A.)
| | - Byungjae Ahn
- Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Wando 59108, Korea; (T.O.); (B.A.)
| | - Tatsuya Unno
- Faculty of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, SARI, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Subtropical/Tropical Organism Gene Bank, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-64-754-3354
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Yang S, Oh T, Mago J, Iwakuma A, Chae C. Optimal vaccination strategy against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and porcine circovirus type 2 in case of early M. hyopneumoniae infection. Vet Med Sci 2020; 6:860-874. [PMID: 32462794 PMCID: PMC7738734 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the optimal vaccination strategies for the control of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) in case of early mycoplasmal infection. METHODS A total of 120 pigs were randomly divided into 6 groups (20 pigs per group). Four separate vaccine regimen groups were selected. Pigs from the four vaccinated groups were challenged with M. hyopneumoniae at 28 days old followed by a challenge of PRRSV or PCV2 at 49 days old. RESULTS Regardless of PRRSV or PCV2 vaccination, pigs vaccinated with one of the M. hyopneumoniae vaccines at 7 days old had a significantly better growth performance over the whole length of the study compared to pigs vaccinated with a second M. hyopneumoniae vaccine at 21 days old. Vaccination of pigs with M. hyopneumoniae at 7 days and PRRSV at either 7, 14 or 21 days old resulted in significantly reduced PRRSV viremia and lung lesions compared to vaccination of pigs with M. hyopneumoniae and PRRSV at 21 days old. CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of the PRRSV MLV vaccine is influenced by the different timing of M. hyopneumoniae vaccination whereas the efficacy of the PCV2 vaccine is not. This experiment study demonstrated that early vaccination with a M. hyopneumoniae vaccine should be the highest priority in order to control M. hyopneumoniae and PRRSV infection in cases of early M. hyopneumoniae infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yang S, Oh T, Cho H, Chae C. A comparison of commercial modified-live PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 vaccines against a dual heterologous PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge in late term pregnancy gilts. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 69:101423. [PMID: 31972500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the efficacy, in terms of reproductive performance, of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 or PRRSV-2 modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine against a dual heterologous PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge. Gilts were administered either the PRRSV-1 or PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine at 21 days prior to breeding and were challenged intranasally with both PRRSV species at day 93 of gestation. Vaccination of gilts with PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine resulted in improved reproductive performance in sows (e.g. duration of pregnancy) and piglet health and overall viability (e.g. increase of the number of live-born and weaned pigs, and decrease of stillborn). Vaccination of gilts with PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine was able to reduce only PRRSV-1 viremia in contrast, PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine was able to reduce both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 viremia. Vaccination of gilts with PRRSV-2 MLV induced higher numbers of PRRSV-2 specific interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC) compared to the PRRSV-1 MLV while there was no difference in the number of PRRSV-1 specific IFN-γ-SC between the two vaccines. Taken together, the results presented here suggest that vaccination of gilts with the PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine is more efficacious against dual heterologous PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge compared to the PRRSV-1 MLV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Yang S, Kang I, Jeong J, Oh T, Park KH, Park SJ, Ham HJ, Jin GR, Lee BH, Chae C. A comparison of two commercially available porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) modified-live virus vaccines analyzing the growth performance in 1-day-old vaccinated swine located on endemic farms co-circulating PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 82:224-228. [PMID: 31866631 PMCID: PMC7041984 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a porcine reproductive and
respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 and PRRSV-2 modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines when
administered at 1 day of age under field conditions. The piglets elicited anti-PRRSV
antibodies at 1 day of age even in the presence of maternally derived antibodies. The
number of PRRSV-2 genomic copies in the sera of pigs from the PRRSV-2 MLV-vaccinated pigs
was significantly (P<0.05) lower when compared to PRRSV-1
MLV-vaccinated pigs. The average daily gain in PRRSV-2 MLV-vaccinated pigs was
significantly (P<0.05) higher when compared to both PRRSV-1
MLV-vaccinated and unvaccinated pigs. This study demonstrated that vaccination as early as
1 day of age was effective against PRRSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyeon Yang
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Jeong
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Ham
- Anyang University, College of Liberal Arts, Samdeok-ro 37, Beob-gil 22, Manan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-Do 14028, Republic of Korea
| | - Guang-Ri Jin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Bog-Hieu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, School of Food Science and Technology, College of Biotechnology and Natural Resources, Chung-Ang University, 4726 Seodong-daero, Daedeok-myeon, Anseong-si, Gyeonggi-Do 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and anti-obesity effects of the Korean red ginseng extract in dogs. To this end, we fed healthy beagles a Korean red ginseng diet and/or snack for 8 weeks. The dogs were submitted to a thorough physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemistry analysis, analysis of adipose tissue activity, and body fat-content analysis by computed tomography (CT). At the end of the study period, the dogs that were fed the ginseng extract-diet/snack showed a significant decrease in body weight, body condition score and leptin levels relative to the baseline value. The CT findings revealed a decrease in body fat content in dogs fed the ginseng extract diet but not in those fed the ginseng-extract snack. The results of blood analysis did not show any meaningful changes in any of the dogs. All dogs tolerated the diet/snack well, and there were no adverse events. Our results suggest that the Korean red ginseng extract diet can potentially serve as an anti-obesity diet for reducing fat mass in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bae
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - T Oh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehakro, Bukgu, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Oh T, Park KH, Yang S, Jeong J, Kang I, Park C, Chae C. Evaluation of the efficacy of a trivalent vaccine mixture against a triple challenge with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, PCV2, and PRRSV and the efficacy comparison of the respective monovalent vaccines against a single challenge. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:342. [PMID: 31619295 PMCID: PMC6794872 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2091-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of a trivalent vaccine mixture and compare it to the respective monovalent vaccines against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). RESULTS Pigs that were triple challenged with M. hyopneumoniae, PCV2, and PRRSV following vaccination with the trivalent vaccine mixture exhibited a significantly better growth performance when compared to unvaccinated and challenged pigs. A statistical difference was not found when comparing pig populations which were vaccinated with the trivalent vaccine followed by a triple challenge and pigs vaccinated with monovalent M hyopneumoniae vaccine followed by mycoplasmal single challenge in the following areas: M. hyopneumoniae nasal shedding, the number of M. hyopneumoniae-specific interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC), and mycoplasmal lung lesion scores. Pigs vaccinated with the trivalent vaccine mixture followed by a triple challenge resulted in a similar reduction of PCV2 viremia, an increase in the number of PCV2-specific IFN-γ-SC and reduction in interstitial lung lesion scores when compared to pigs vaccinated with a PCV-2 vaccine and challenged with PCV2 only. Lastly, there was a significant difference in the reduction of PRRSV viremia, an increase in PRRSV-specific IFN-γ-SC and a reduction of interstitial lung lesion scores between pigs vaccinated with the trivalent vaccine mixture followed by a triple challenge and pigs vaccinated with a monovalent PRRSV vaccine followed by PRRSV challenge only. CONCLUSION The trivalent vaccine mixture was efficacious against a triple challenge of M. hyopneumoniae, PCV2, and PRRSV. The trivalent vaccine mixture, however, did not result in equal protection when compared against each respective monovalent vaccine, with the largest vaccine occurring within PRRSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Jeong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjae Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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Oh T, Kim H, Park KH, Jeong J, Kang I, Yang S, Chae C. Effectiveness of a commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) subunit vaccine against heterologous PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge in late-term pregnant gilts. Can J Vet Res 2019; 83:248-254. [PMID: 31571723 PMCID: PMC6753889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) subunit vaccine against heterologous PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge in late-term pregnant gilts. Gilts were vaccinated intramuscularly 56 and 35 days antepartum (on days 58 and 79 of gestation) and challenged intranasally 21 days antepartum (on day 93 of gestation) with PRRSV-1 or PRRSV-2. Regardless of the challenge strain's genotype, the vaccinated gilts carried their pregnancies to term and farrowed between days 114 and 115 of gestation. All the unvaccinated gilts aborted, between days 105 and 110 of gestation. The vaccinated gilts had a significantly lower level (P < 0.05) of PRRSV viremia and significantly higher levels (P < 0.05) of virus-neutralizing antibodies and interferon-γ-secreting cells compared with the unvaccinated gilts. The mean number of PRRSV-positive cells per area of fetal tissue examined did not differ significantly between the litters from the vaccinated and unvaccinated gilts. The data presented here indicate that vaccination in late-term pregnancy with PRRSV subunit vaccine is efficacious against reproductive failure due to heterologous PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjin Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Oh T, Kim H, Park KH, Jeong J, Yang S, Kang I, Park SJ, Chae C. A comparative study of the efficacy of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome subunit and a modified-live virus vaccine against respiratory diseases in endemic farms. Can J Vet Res 2019; 83:110-121. [PMID: 31097873 PMCID: PMC6450167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) subunit vaccine was evaluated and compared with a modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine under field conditions. Three farms were selected based on their history of respiratory diseases caused by co-infection with both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. In each farm, 60 pigs were randomly allocated to 2 vaccinated and 1 unvaccinated groups (20 pigs per group). One group of pigs were administered the PRRS subunit vaccine at 21 and 42 days of age and another group administered the PRRS MLV vaccine at 21 days of age. The subunit vaccine had similar efficacy and, in some instances, performed even better than the MLV vaccine. Vaccination of pigs with either of the PRRS vaccines resulted in significantly improved growth performance in Farm B but not in Farm C. In Farm A, pigs vaccinated with the PRRS subunit vaccine had a better growth performance statistically compared to those vaccinated with the PRRS MLV vaccine. At the peak of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 viremia, neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses against PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 were at low levels suggesting that either vaccine is only able to provide a partial protection against co-circulating PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjin Kim
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Jeong
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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Park KH, Oh T, Yang S, Cho H, Kang I, Chae C. Evaluation of a porcine circovirus type 2a (PCV2a) vaccine efficacy against experimental PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d challenge. Vet Microbiol 2019; 231:87-92. [PMID: 30955830 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of a commercial porcine circovirus type 2a (PCV2a) subunit vaccine against experimental PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d challenge. A total of 105 pigs were randomly divided into 7 groups (15 pigs per group). At 21 days old the pigs were intramuscularly administered the PCV2a vaccine as a 1.0 mL dose. Four weeks following vaccination, pigs were challenged with either Korean PCV2a, PCV2b, or PCV2d. All vaccinated pigs showed a significant (P < 0.05) reduction of clinical signs, PCV2 viremia, lymphoid lesions, and lymphoid PCV2 antigen levels compared to unvaccinated control pigs. Vaccination resulted also in significantly higher (P < 0.05) titers of neutralizing antibody against PCV2, and an increase in the frequency of PCV2-specific interferon-γ secreting cells (IFN-γ-SC). The vaccine showed similar protection among the vaccinated groups regardless of the genotype of the challenge. Interestingly, vaccinated pigs had higher levels of neutralizing antibody titers against PCV2a compared to PCV2b or PCV2d while the number of PCV2a-, PCV2b-, and PCV2d-specific IFN-γ-SC were similar. Taken together, the results presented here demonstrate that a PCV2a vaccine can be effective against experimental PCV2a, PCV2b, and PCV2d challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejean Cho
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Oh T, Kim H, Park KH, Jeong J, Yang S, Kang I, Chae C. Comparison of four commercial PRRSV MLV vaccines in herds with co-circulation of PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 63:66-73. [PMID: 30961820 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of four commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) modified-live virus (MLV) vaccines against respiratory disease was evaluated and compared in pig farms suffering from co-infection with PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. All vaccinated groups on average exhibited improved growth rate compared to the unvaccinated pigs. Interestingly, the two groups vaccinated with either of the PRRSV-2 MLV vaccines had a better overall growth rate compared to the pigs vaccinated with either of the PRRSV-1 MLV vaccines. Vaccination of pigs with either of the PRRSV-1 MLV vaccines did not result in reduction of PRRSV-1 or PRRSV-2 viremia whereas vaccination of pigs with either of the PRRSV-2 MLV vaccines resulted in the reduction of PRRSV-2 viremia only. Taken together, the results of this field study demonstrate that a PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine can be efficacious against respiratory disease caused by co-infection with PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjin Kim
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Jeong
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Bae S, Yu J, Jeong H, Oh T. Anti-pruritic effect of topical capsaicin against histamine-induced pruritus on canine skin. Pol J Vet Sci 2019; 21:789-796. [PMID: 30605274 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2018.125599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Several human studies have reported that capsaicin has anti-pruritic effects. Moreover, sever- al concentrations of topical capsaicin have been used to alleviate itch. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-pruritic effect of capsaicin against histamine-induced pruritus compared with that of topical steroid or vehicle in 15 healthy beagles. Fifteen dogs were divided into three groups (n = 5 each), and treated topically with one of the following on the left side of the neck: capsaicin, positive control (steroid), or negative control (vehicle). Each treatment was performed twice daily for 8 days. All dogs were injected with histamine intradermally before treatment and on the 2nd, 4th, 6th, and 8th days of the treatment to evoke itch. Pruritus, wheal, and erythema intensity were assessed at each evaluation; cutaneous temperature was also recorded. On the final day, skin biopsy was conducted for histopathological evaluation for all dogs. The severity of pruritus was lesser in the capsaicin-treated group compared with the negative control group on day 8 (p⟨0.05). In the capsaicin and steroid groups, wheal size, erythema index, and cutaneous temperature also decreased compared with pretreatment. Histopathological evaluation showed that the capsaicin-treated group had a higher number of inflammatory cells in the dermis com- pared to the vehicle control group; however, the steroid-treated group showed less severe inflam- matory reactions than the vehicle control group. These results suggest that capsaicin cannot reduce inflammation but may play a helpful role in reducing pruritus in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bae
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyunpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - J Yu
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyunpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - H Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyunpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - T Oh
- Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyunpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Oh T, Kim H, Park KH, Yang S, Jeong J, Kim S, Kang I, Park SJ, Chae C. Comparison of 4 commercial modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) vaccines against heterologous Korean PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenge. Can J Vet Res 2019; 83:57-67. [PMID: 30670903 PMCID: PMC6318830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of 4 commercial porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) modified-live vaccines (MLV), against PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 was evaluated and compared in growing pigs. Two of the vaccines were based on PRRSV-1 and two on PRRSV-2. There were no significant differences between each of the two PRRSV-1 MLV vaccines and the two PRRSV-2 MLV vaccines respectively based on virology, immunological, and pathological evaluations. Vaccination with either of the PRRSV-1 MLV vaccines resulted in reduced PRRSV-1 but not PRRSV-2 viremia. Additionally, vaccination with either of the PRRSV-1 MLV vaccines resulted in reduction of lung lesions and PRRSV-1 positive cells in PRRSV-1 challenged pigs but had no significant effect in PRRSV-2 challenged pigs. In contrast, vaccination with either of the two PRRSV-2 MLV vaccines resulted in the reduction of both PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 viremia. The PRRSV-2 MLV vaccines were also able to effectively reduce lung lesions and PRRSV positive cells after challenge with either PRRSV-1 or PRRSV-2. Our data suggest that while vaccination with PRRSV-1 MLV vaccines can be effective against PRRSV-1, only PRRSV-2 MLV vaccines can protect against both Korean PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2 challenges in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehwan Oh
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanjin Kim
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoon Jeong
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seeun Kim
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Seoul National University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Pathology, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Harris R, Sato Y, Berkley AJ, Reis M, Altomare F, Amin MH, Boothby K, Bunyk P, Deng C, Enderud C, Huang S, Hoskinson E, Johnson MW, Ladizinsky E, Ladizinsky N, Lanting T, Li R, Medina T, Molavi R, Neufeld R, Oh T, Pavlov I, Perminov I, Poulin-Lamarre G, Rich C, Smirnov A, Swenson L, Tsai N, Volkmann M, Whittaker J, Yao J. Phase transitions in a programmable quantum spin glass simulator. Science 2018; 361:162-165. [PMID: 30002250 DOI: 10.1126/science.aat2025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Understanding magnetic phases in quantum mechanical systems is one of the essential goals in condensed matter physics, and the advent of prototype quantum simulation hardware has provided new tools for experimentally probing such systems. We report on the experimental realization of a quantum simulation of interacting Ising spins on three-dimensional cubic lattices up to dimensions 8 × 8 × 8 on a D-Wave processor (D-Wave Systems, Burnaby, Canada). The ability to control and read out the state of individual spins provides direct access to several order parameters, which we used to determine the lattice's magnetic phases as well as critical disorder and one of its universal exponents. By tuning the degree of disorder and effective transverse magnetic field, we observed phase transitions between a paramagnetic, an antiferromagnetic, and a spin-glass phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Harris
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada.
| | - Y Sato
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - A J Berkley
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - M Reis
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - F Altomare
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - M H Amin
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada.,Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - K Boothby
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - P Bunyk
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - C Deng
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - C Enderud
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - S Huang
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - E Hoskinson
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - M W Johnson
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - E Ladizinsky
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - N Ladizinsky
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - T Lanting
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - R Li
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - T Medina
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - R Molavi
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - R Neufeld
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - T Oh
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - I Pavlov
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - I Perminov
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | | | - C Rich
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - A Smirnov
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - L Swenson
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - N Tsai
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - M Volkmann
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - J Whittaker
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
| | - J Yao
- D-Wave Systems, 3033 Beta Avenue, Burnaby, BC V5G 4M9, Canada
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Jeong J, Park C, Oh T, Park KH, Yang S, Kang I, Park SJ, Chae C. Cross-protection of a modified-live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-2 vaccine against a heterologous PRRSV-1 challenge in late-term pregnancy gilts. Vet Microbiol 2018; 223:119-125. [PMID: 30173737 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have evaluated the cross-protection of a modified-live virus (MLV) vaccine based on porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-2, against a heterologous PRRSV-1 challenge in late term pregnancy gilts. Gilts were vaccinated 42 days prior to breeding and then challenged intranasally with PRRSV-1 at 93 days of gestation. No local or systemic adverse effects related to vaccination were observed in the vaccinated gilts throughout the study. Vaccination resulted in a longer gestation period, a higher number of live-born and weaned piglets, and a significant decrease in the number of stillborn piglets compared to the unvaccinated group. The PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine was also able to significantly reduce PRRSV-1 viremia. At the time of PRRSV-1 challenge, vaccinated gilts had significantly higher PRRSV-1 specific interferon-γ secreting cells but low neutralizing antibody titers against PRRSV-1 compared to unvaccinated gilts. This correlated with a reduction of PRRSV-1 viremia, indicating that cell-mediated rather than humoral immunity played a role in PRRSV-1 clearance from the blood. Fetal thymic tissues from vaccinated pregnant gilts had fewer PRRSV-1 positive cells compared to unvaccinated gilts. Taken together these results indicate that vaccination of gilts with PRRSV-2 MLV vaccine can provide cross-protection against PRRSV-1 challenge and improve reproductive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Jeong J, Kang I, Park C, Kim S, Park SJ, Park KH, Oh T, Yang S, Yoon JS, Lee O, Chae C. A comparison of the severity of reproductive failure between single and dual infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 and PRRSV-2 in late-term pregnancy gilts. Transbound Emerg Dis 2018; 65:1641-1647. [PMID: 29877065 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the severity of reproductive failure caused by either a single or a dual infection with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-1 and PRRSV-2 in late-term pregnancy gilts. Pregnant gilts were intranasally administered PRRSV-1, PRRSV-2 or both at 3 weeks before the expected farrowing date (93 days of gestation). Regardless of single and dual infection, PRRSV-infected pregnant gilts experienced premature farrowing (103-109 days of gestation) compared with negative control gilts which carried their pregnancy to full term (114-115 days of gestation). Pregnant gilts infected with only PRRSV-1 had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher number of genomic copies of PRRSV-1 in their blood compared with dually infected gilts. Additionally, stillborn foetuses and live-born piglets from pregnant gilts infected with only PRRSV-1 had a significantly (p < 0.05) higher number of PRRSV-1-positive cells per unit area of tissue sections examined, compared to pregnant gilts dually infected with PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. In contrast, pregnant gilts infected with only PRRSV-2 showed no difference in the number of genomic copies of PRRSV-2 compared with dually infected pregnant gilts and there were no significant differences in PRRSV-2-positive cells per unit area in tissues of stillborn foetuses and live-born piglets from pregnant gilts infected with PRRSV-2 only compared with dually infected gilts. Interestingly, even though PRRSV-2 was shown to replicate more efficiently compared with PRRSV-1 in dually infected pregnant gilts, neither PRRSV type was able to exacerbate reproductive failure in pregnant gilts already dually infected with PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2. Our results suggest that the severity of reproductive failure is similar between dual (PRRSV-1 and PRRSV-2) and single infection (PRRSV-1 or PRRSV-2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwoon Jeong
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ikjae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Changhoon Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seeun Kim
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kee Hwan Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Taehwan Oh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Siyeon Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Ohhyung Lee
- CJ Cheiljedang Center, CJ CHEILJEDANG, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chanhee Chae
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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