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Urothelial carcinoma in a Russian tortoise (Testudohorsfieldii). J Comp Pathol 2023; 200:18-22. [PMID: 36610083 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An adult female Russian tortoise (Testudo horsfieldii) was admitted to a veterinary clinic with a 1-week history of anorexia and lethargy. Physical examination revealed significant dehydration and generalized dysecdysis. Blood parameters were all within species-reported limits. Radiography revealed an increased amount of soft tissue opacity within the coelomic cavity and a distinct loss of serosal detail. A large cavitated mass was detected ultrasonographically in the right coelom and a tentative diagnosis of kidney pathology was made. Using computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, a partly mineralized heterogeneous mass was seen in the right coelom. After stabilization, a transplastron coeliotomy was performed. A 7 × 5 cm mass, including associated cysts, was removed. The tortoise died 8 h postoperatively and post-mortem examination revealed a urothelial carcinoma arising from the renal pelvis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report in a tortoise of urothelial carcinoma, which has rarely been reported in reptiles.
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2
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Duke EG, Harrison SH, Moresco A, Trout T, Troan BV, Garner MM, Smith M, Smith S, Harrison TM. A Multi-Institutional Collaboration to Understand Neoplasia, Treatment and Survival of Snakes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030258. [PMID: 35158582 PMCID: PMC8833345 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This multi-institutional collaborative study of neoplasia in snakes reviewed medical records of snakes at each facility to determine species prevalence, survival, and methods of treatment. Complete species numbers of snakes were also collected at each facility. In total, 65 species, 133 snakes, and 149 unique neoplasias were included in this study. Affected species, age, sex, and their tumor prevalence, tumor type and location, metastasis, treatment, and survival data are reported. The highest species-specific tumor prevalence was in Common or Northern Watersnakes (Nerodia sipedon) (30.8%, n = 4 of 13), Eastern Diamond-Backed Rattlesnakes (Crotalus adamanteus) (26.3%, n = 5 of 19), and Timber rattlesnakes (Crotalus horridus) (22.7%, n = 5 of 22). Malignant tumors predominated (86.6%, n = 129 of 149) with soft tissue sarcomas being the most common (30.2%, n = 45 of 149). Snakes with malignant neoplasia, metastases, or indeterminate presence of metastases were statistically more likely to die from their neoplasms than snakes having either benign neoplasia or no diagnosed metastases (p < 0.05). Gender, taxonomic family, and species of those evaluated did not significantly affect the outcome of snakes with neoplasia. Only 27.1% (n = 36 of 133) of snakes received a reported form of treatment and, for those treated, surgical excision was the most common treatment modality. There was not a significant difference in outcome based on treatment; however, surgery and chemotherapy were associated with death from a cause other than their tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth G. Duke
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (E.G.D.); (B.V.T.)
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (A.M.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Scott H. Harrison
- Department of Biology, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, Greensboro, NC 27514, USA;
| | - Anneke Moresco
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (A.M.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Tim Trout
- Department of Animal Care, Denver Zoo, Denver, CO 80205, USA;
| | - Brigid V. Troan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (E.G.D.); (B.V.T.)
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (A.M.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | | | - Madison Smith
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (A.M.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Sidney Smith
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (A.M.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Tara M. Harrison
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (E.G.D.); (B.V.T.)
- Exotic Species Cancer Research Alliance, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA; (A.M.); (M.S.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +1-517-214-3112
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Schwarz S, Mathes K, Wohlsein P. Rhabdomyosarcoma on the Forelimb of a Common Musk Turtle (Sternotherus odoratus). J Comp Pathol 2021; 186:73-76. [PMID: 34340808 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesenchymal tumours are only rarely reported in turtles. In the present case, an 8-year-old female common musk turtle (Sternotherus odoratus) was presented with a solid, reddened, non-mobile mass on the right forelimb. The mass had a thin, membranous lining and a grey-white cut surface. Histological examination revealed a cell-rich, focally infiltrative neoplasm consisting of spindloid tumour cells arranged in bundles and streams. Rarely, indistinct cytoplasmic cross-striations were seen in the neoplastic cells. Transmission electron microscopy revealed cytoplasmic, disorganized muscle fibrils and haphazardly arranged, attenuated Z-lines in the neoplastic cells. The histological, histochemical and ultrastructural findings led to the diagnosis of a rhabdomyosarcoma. This is the first description of rhabdomyosarcoma in a freshwater turtle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schwarz
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Karina Mathes
- Clinic of Small Mammals, Reptiles and Birds, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Peter Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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Shokrpoor S, Pedram M, Torjani N, Khoshvaghti R. Occurrence of myxoma in a bearded dragon ( Pogona vitticeps): Surgical and histopathological studies. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2021; 12:129-131. [PMID: 33953885 PMCID: PMC8094150 DOI: 10.30466/vrf.2020.119465.2824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Myxoma is a benign mesenchymal tumor of skin and soft connective tissues considered to be of fibroblastic origin. A female bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps) with a raised mass on the left side of the body was referred to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. The mass had become evident and grew more extensive within the previous 11-month period. The dragon was anesthetized with 5.00% isoflurane, and the mass was removed surgically. Tissue samples of the mass were fixed in 10.00% neutral buffered formalin, sectioned and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Alcian blue (pH: 2.50), and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining techniques. The patient was administered meloxicam, lincomycin, and marbofloxacin. Histopathologically, the capsulated mass was composed of myxoid structure. Stellate-to-reticular cells distributed in a mucinous stroma containing few tiny blood vessels were seen. Myxoid cells displayed a PAS-positive cytoplasm. The myxomatous matrix was alcianophilic at the pH of 2.50. To our knowledge, this is the first report of surgery, treatment, and histopathological study of myxoma in a bearded dragon (P. vitticeps). The sutures were also removed 12 days after the operation. No new growth of the mass was observed three months following the surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Shokrpoor
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mirsepehr Pedram
- Department of Radiology and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niyousha Torjani
- DVM Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khoshvaghti
- DVM Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Hamm CA, Hampe O, Schwarz D, Witzmann F, Makovicky PJ, Brochu CA, Reiter R, Asbach P. A comprehensive diagnostic approach combining phylogenetic disease bracketing and CT imaging reveals osteomyelitis in a Tyrannosaurus rex. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18897. [PMID: 33144637 PMCID: PMC7642268 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional palaeontological techniques of disease characterisation are limited to the analysis of osseous fossils, requiring several lines of evidence to support diagnoses. This study presents a novel stepwise concept for comprehensive diagnosis of pathologies in fossils by computed tomography imaging for morphological assessment combined with likelihood estimation based on systematic phylogenetic disease bracketing. This approach was applied to characterise pathologies of the left fibula and fused caudal vertebrae of the non-avian dinosaur Tyrannosaurus rex. Initial morphological assessment narrowed the differential diagnosis to neoplasia or infection. Subsequent data review from phylogenetically closely related species at the clade level revealed neoplasia rates as low as 3.1% and 1.8%, while infectious-disease rates were 32.0% and 53.9% in extant dinosaurs (birds) and non-avian reptiles, respectively. Furthermore, the survey of literature revealed that within the phylogenetic disease bracket the oldest case of bone infection (osteomyelitis) was identified in the mandible of a 275-million-year-old captorhinid eureptile Labidosaurus. These findings demonstrate low probability of a neoplastic aetiology of the examined pathologies in the Tyrannosaurus rex and in turn, suggest that they correspond to multiple foci of osteomyelitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, Greifswald University Hospital, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - O Hampe
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - D Schwarz
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Witzmann
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - P J Makovicky
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
- Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Dr, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | - C A Brochu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - R Reiter
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Richard and Loan Hill Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
| | - P Asbach
- Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
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Kitsoulis CV, Baxevanis AD, Abatzopoulos TJ. The occurrence of cancer in vertebrates: a mini review. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 27:9. [PMID: 32528906 PMCID: PMC7282124 DOI: 10.1186/s40709-020-00119-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neoplasia is a multilevel condition caused by irregularities over the genome, which can lead to a fatal result. To fully understand this phenomenon, an evolutionary challenge has risen during the last decades, away from human limits, driving the scientific quest into the wild life. The study of wild vertebrate populations in their natural habitats has shown that cancer is rather prominent. Thus, the diversity of vertebrates reported with some form of neoplasia is quite scattered through a variety of habitats. However, some species constitute exceptions by exhibiting cancer-protective features, driven by certain loci in their DNA. It is obvious that from an evolutionary standpoint, the incidence of cancer in different taxa is nowadays studied by seeking for patterns and their roots. The main purpose of the evolutionary approach is no other than to answer a fundamental question: Could cancer be ultimately regarded as another evolutionary force conducive to the formation or shaping-up of species?
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Affiliation(s)
- Christos V Kitsoulis
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athanasios D Baxevanis
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Theodore J Abatzopoulos
- Department of Genetics, Development & Molecular Biology, School of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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Onkels A, Stadler C, Hetzel U, Mueller J, Herden C. Multiple cutaneous mast cell tumours in a
Boa imperator. VETERINARY RECORD CASE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2019-001040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann‐Kathrin Onkels
- Institute of Veterinary PathologyJustus‐Liebig‐University Giessen Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGiessenGermany
| | - Christina Stadler
- Laboklin GmbH & Co. KG Laboratory for Clinical DiagnosticsBad KissingenGermany
| | - Udo Hetzel
- Institute of Veterinary PathologyUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Jana Mueller
- Institute of Veterinary PathologyJustus‐Liebig‐University Giessen Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGiessenGermany
| | - Christiane Herden
- Institute of Veterinary PathologyJustus‐Liebig‐University Giessen Faculty of Veterinary MedicineGiessenGermany
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Fontes Pinto F, Craveiro H, Marrinhas C, Santos J, Lopes C, Marcos R. What is your diagnosis? Multiple masses in a Corn Snake (Pantherophis guttatus). Vet Clin Pathol 2018; 48:134-136. [PMID: 30570772 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joana Santos
- UPVET, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, ICBAS-UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Lopes
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, ICBAS-UP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Marcos
- Cytology Diagnostic Services, Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, ICBAS-UP, Porto, Portugal
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Baron HR, Šlapeta J, Donahoe SL, Doneley RTJ, Phalen DN. Compensatory gastric stretching following subtotal gastric resection due to gastric adenocarcinoma in a diamond python (Morelia spilota spilota). Aust Vet J 2018; 96:481-486. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- HR Baron
- Avian Reptile and Exotic Pet Hospital, School of Veterinary Science; University of Sydney; Camden 2570 New South Wales, Australia
| | - J Šlapeta
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science; The University of Sydney; Camperdown NSW Australia
| | - SL Donahoe
- Veterinary Pathology Diagnostic Services, Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science; The University of Sydney; Camperdown NSW Australia
| | - RTJ Doneley
- UQ Vets, School of Veterinary Science; University of Queensland; Gatton QLD Australia
| | - DN Phalen
- Avian Reptile and Exotic Pet Hospital, School of Veterinary Science; University of Sydney; Camden 2570 New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Animals living in polluted environments are a potential source of anti-tumor molecule(s). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 80:919-924. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3410-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Madsen T, Arnal A, Vittecoq M, Bernex F, Abadie J, Labrut S, Garcia D, Faugère D, Lemberger K, Beckmann C, Roche B, Thomas F, Ujvari B. Cancer Prevalence and Etiology in Wild and Captive Animals. ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION OF CANCER 2017. [PMCID: PMC7149733 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804310-3.00002-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neoplasia has been recorded in the vast majority of metazoans. The frequent occurrence of cancer in multicellular organisms suggests that neoplasia, similar to pathogens/parasites, may have a significant negative impact on host fitness in the wild. This is supported by the fact that wildlife cancers have recently been shown to result in significantly increased levels of mortality and concomitant reduction in fitness. By thorough searches of the available literature we provide a comprehensive and an updated list of cancer prevalence and etiology in the wild. We were, however, unable to find data on nontransmissible cancer prevalence in invertebrates and consequently this chapter focuses on cancer in wild vertebrates. Although single cases of cancer are frequently encountered in the wildlife, we were only able to retrieve robust data on cancer prevalence for 31 vertebrate species (12 fish, 3 amphibians, 2 reptiles, 2 birds, and 12 mammals). Cancer prevalence among these vertebrates ranged from as low as 0.2% observed in Canada geese (Branta canadensis) to more than 50% recorded in both Santa Catalina Island foxes (Urocyon littoralis catalinae) and Cape mountain zebras (Equus zebra zebra). The high prevalence recorded in some vertebrates strongly suggests that cancer in wildlife may indeed carry significant fitness costs. In spite of this, the low number of published comprehensive studies clearly shows that so far cancer in wildlife has received insufficient attention by biologists. We hope that this chapter will act as a catalyst for further studies focusing on the impact of cancer in wild animals. The chapter additionally compares cancer recorded in French zoological parks to those obtained at other zoological parks. Finally, we provide an updated list of cancer recorded as single cases in the wild, as well as in captive animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Madsen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia,Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Audrey Arnal
- MIVEGEC (Infectious Diseases and Vectors: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control), UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France,CREEC (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer), Montpellier, France
| | - Marion Vittecoq
- MIVEGEC (Infectious Diseases and Vectors: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control), UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France,CREEC (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer), Montpellier, France,Research Center of the Tour du Valat, Arles, France
| | - Florence Bernex
- CREEC (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer), Montpellier, France,Montpellier University, Montpellier, France,RHEM, IRCM, Institute of Cancer Research Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France,ICM Regional Cancer Institute of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | - Déborah Garcia
- MIVEGEC (Infectious Diseases and Vectors: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control), UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France,CREEC (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer), Montpellier, France
| | - Dominique Faugère
- MIVEGEC (Infectious Diseases and Vectors: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control), UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France,CREEC (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer), Montpellier, France
| | | | - Christa Beckmann
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Benjamin Roche
- MIVEGEC (Infectious Diseases and Vectors: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control), UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France,CREEC (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer), Montpellier, France,UMMISCO (International Center for Mathematical and Computational Modeling of Complex Systems), UMI IRD/UPMC UMMISCO, Bondy, France
| | - Frédéric Thomas
- MIVEGEC (Infectious Diseases and Vectors: Ecology, Genetics, Evolution and Control), UMR IRD/CNRS/UM 5290, Montpellier, France,CREEC (Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Research on Cancer), Montpellier, France
| | - Beata Ujvari
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
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