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Kim JW, Baek WY, Jung JY, Kim HA, Lee SW, Suh CH. Longitudinal assessment of urinary ALCAM, HPX, and PRDX6 in Korean patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: implications for disease activity monitoring and treatment response. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1369385. [PMID: 38915417 PMCID: PMC11194348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1369385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to demonstrate the potential of activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM), hemopexin (HPX), and peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6) as urine biomarkers for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Urine samples were collected from 138 Korean patients with SLE from the Ajou Lupus Cohort and 39 healthy controls (HC). The concentrations of urine biomarkers were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits specific for ALCAM, HPX, and PRDX6, respectively. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate the diagnostic utility, and Pearson's correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationships between the disease activity and urine biomarkers. Results Patients with SLE and patients with lupus nephritis (LN) showed significantly elevated ALCAM, HPX, and PRDX6 levels compared with HCs. ALCAM, HPX, and PRDX6 showed significant diagnostic values, especially for lupus nephritis (LN), with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve for LN was 0.850 for ALCAM (95% CI, 0.778-0.921), 0.781 for HPX (95% CI, 0.695-0.867), and 0.714 for PRDX6 (95% CI, 0.617-0.812). Correlation analysis revealed that all proteins were significantly associated with anti-double stranded DNA antibody (ALCAM, r = 0.350, p < 0.001; HPX, r = 0.346, p < 0.001; PRDX6, r = 0.191, p = 0.026) and SLEDAI (ALCAM, r = 0.526, p < 0.001; HPX, r = 0.479, p < 0.001; PRDX6, r = 0.262, p = 0.002). Results from the follow-up of the three biomarker levels in these patients revealed a significant decrease, showing a positive correlation with changes in SLEDAI-2k scores (ALCAM, r = 0.502, p < 0.001; HPX, r = 0.475, p < 0.001; PRDX6, r = 0.245, p = 0.026), indicating their potential as indicators for tracking disease activity. Discussions Urinary ALCAM, HPX, and PRDX6 levels have diagnostic value and reflect disease activity in Korean patients with SLE, emphasizing their potential for non-invasive monitoring and treatment response evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Wook-Young Baek
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yang Jung
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoun-Ah Kim
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Won Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Suh
- Department of Rheumatology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Li Y, Chen R, Wang C, Deng J, Luo S. Double-edged functions of hemopexin in hematological related diseases: from basic mechanisms to clinical application. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1274333. [PMID: 38022615 PMCID: PMC10653390 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1274333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now understood that hemolysis and the subsequent release of heme into circulation play a critical role in driving the progression of various diseases. Hemopexin (HPX), a heme-binding protein with the highest affinity for heme in plasma, serves as an effective antagonist against heme toxicity resulting from severe acute or chronic hemolysis. In the present study, changes in HPX concentration were characterized at different stages of hemolytic diseases, underscoring its potential as a biomarker for assessing disease progression and prognosis. In many heme overload-driven conditions, such as sickle cell disease, transfusion-induced hemolysis, and sepsis, endogenous HPX levels are often insufficient to provide protection. Consequently, there is growing interest in developing HPX therapeutics to mitigate toxic heme exposure. Strategies include HPX supplementation when endogenous levels are depleted and enhancing HPX's functionality through modifications, offering a potent defense against heme toxicity. It is worth noting that HPX may also exert deleterious effects under certain circumstances. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of HPX's roles in the progression and prognosis of hematological diseases. It highlights HPX-based clinical therapies for different hematological disorders, discusses advancements in HPX production and modification technologies, and offers a theoretical basis for the clinical application of HPX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jun Deng
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanshan Luo
- Institute of Hematology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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3
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Duan J, Cheng M, Xu Y, Tang S, Li X, Chen Y, Lu H, Gao T, Yu W. Comparison of the effects of different calorie amounts of enteral nutrition in hypercatabolism associated with ghrelin-POMC in endotoxemic rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:28. [PMID: 35428321 PMCID: PMC9013094 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypercatabolism often occurs in critically ill patients, and it increases infection rates and mortality in these patients. Enteral nutrition (EN) is commonly used in case of hypercatabolism. However, the effect of amount of calories in EN on hypercatabolism remains unexplored. Objective Here, we compared the effect of low-calorie, medium-calorie and high-calorie EN on hypercatabolism in the acute phase of endotoxemia, which is associated with gastrointestinal hormones and hypothalamic neuropeptide proopiomelanocortin (POMC).
Methods Overall 84 adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were used for research. A set of rats were divided into 5 groups, Control (NS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) groups were fed a standard chow diet; LPS + L (LPS + 40 kcal/kg/day EN), LPS + M (LPS + 80 kcal/kg/day EN) and LPS + H (LPS + 120 kcal/kg/day EN) groups received EN through a gastric tube for 3 days. Another set of rats were used for parallel control experiment and divided into 5 groups: NS + F (saline + fasting) and LPS + F (LPS + fasting) groups were given no food, NS + L (saline + 40 kcal/kg/day EN), NS + M (saline + 80 kcal/kg/day EN) and NS + H (saline + 120 kcal/kg/day EN) groups received EN through a gastric tube for 3 days. Hypercatabolism was evaluated by assessing skeletal muscle protein synthesis and atrophy, insulin resistance, and corticosterone levels. Moreover, serum inflammatory factors, gastrointestinal hormones, hypothalamic ghrelin, growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1α, hypothalamic neuropeptide, and intestinal injury indicators were detected. Results Low-calorie EN effectively increased serum and hypothalamic ghrelin possibly due to slight intestinal barrier damage, thereby decreasing hypothalamic POMC expression; consequently, it alleviated rat insulin resistance, reduced blood cortisol levels and muscle atrophy, and improved the survival rate of rats in the acute phase of endotoxemia. Interestingly, with an increase in calories in enteral nutrition, the aforementioned effects did not increase. Conclusions Low-calorie EN could effectively increase gastrointestinal hormone ghrelin by reducing intestinal damage and suppressing POMC expression to ameliorate hypercatabolism when compared with medium-calorie and high-calorie EN. Therefore Low-calorie EN may be preferred for providing EN in the acute stage of endotoxemia. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12986-022-00663-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Duan
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Nanjing University, 22nd Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Minhua Cheng
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yali Xu
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Nanjing University, 22nd Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoqiu Tang
- Nanjing University Hospital, 22nd Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyao Li
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Chen
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Lu
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Medical School, Nanjing University, 22nd Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Gao
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenkui Yu
- Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 321st Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China. .,Medical School, Nanjing University, 22nd Hankou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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4
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Wang X, Ren S, Yang X, Masoudi A, Xue X, Li M, Li H, Zhang X, Wang H, Liu J. Exploration of Serum Marker Proteins in Mice Induced by Babesia microti Infection Using a Quantitative Proteomic Approach. Protein J 2021; 40:119-130. [PMID: 33387247 DOI: 10.1007/s10930-020-09952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Babesia microti is a protozoan that mainly parasitizes rodent and human erythrocytes. B. microti infection can result in changes in the expression levels of various proteins in the host serum. To explore the mechanism underlying the regulation of serum proteins by the host during B. microti infection, this study used a data-independent acquisition (DIA) quantitative proteomic approach to perform comprehensive quantitative proteomic analysis on the serum of B. microti-infected mice. We identified and analysed 333 serum proteins during the infectious stage and recovery stage within 30 days of infection by B. microti in mice. Through quantitative analysis, we found 57 proteins differentially expressed in the infection stage and 69 proteins differentially expressed in the recovery stage. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these differentially expressed proteins were mainly concentrated in organelles, cell parts, and extracellular regions that are mainly involved in immune system, metabolic, and cellular processes. Additionally, the differentially expressed proteins mainly had catalytic activity. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that many of the differentially expressed proteins participate in the complement and coagulation cascade reaction, including complement C3, complement FP, and coagulation factor XII. The results of this study can provide more information for the selection of biomarkers for the early clinical monitoring of babesiosis and help in the treatment of babesiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuguang Ren
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Yang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730046, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Abolfazl Masoudi
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Xue
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengxue Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, People's Republic of China. .,Hebei Normal University, 20 nanerhuan east road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingze Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei, People's Republic of China. .,Hebei Normal University, 20 nanerhuan east road, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, People's Republic of China.
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What Is Next in This "Age" of Heme-Driven Pathology and Protection by Hemopexin? An Update and Links with Iron. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12040144. [PMID: 31554244 PMCID: PMC6958331 DOI: 10.3390/ph12040144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This review provides a synopsis of the published literature over the past two years on the heme-binding protein hemopexin (HPX), with some background information on the biochemistry of the HPX system. One focus is on the mechanisms of heme-driven pathology in the context of heme and iron homeostasis in human health and disease. The heme-binding protein hemopexin is a multi-functional protectant against hemoglobin (Hb)-derived heme toxicity as well as mitigating heme-mediated effects on immune cells, endothelial cells, and stem cells that collectively contribute to driving inflammation, perturbing vascular hemostasis and blood–brain barrier function. Heme toxicity, which may lead to iron toxicity, is recognized increasingly in a wide range of conditions involving hemolysis and immune system activation and, in this review, we highlight some newly identified actions of heme and hemopexin especially in situations where normal processes fail to maintain heme and iron homeostasis. Finally, we present preliminary data showing that the cytokine IL-6 cross talks with activation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway in response to heme-hemopexin in models of hepatocytes. This indicates another level of complexity in the cell responses to elevated heme via the HPX system when the immune system is activated and/or in the presence of inflammation.
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6
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Englert FA, Seidel RA, Galler K, Gouveia Z, Soares MP, Neugebauer U, Clemens MG, Sponholz C, Heinemann SH, Pohnert G, Bauer M, Weis S. Labile heme impairs hepatic microcirculation and promotes hepatic injury. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 672:108075. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Safe coordinated trafficking of heme and iron with copper maintain cell homeostasis: modules from the hemopexin system. Biometals 2019; 32:355-367. [PMID: 31011852 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-019-00194-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Studies with patients, animal models of human disease and hemopexin null mice have shown that the heme-binding protein hemopexin is vital for the protection of a variety of cell types and tissues against heme toxicity. The presence of hemopexin in all biological fluids examined to date indicates wide roles in abrogating heme toxicity in human tissues; and, thus, is clinically relevant. Heme-hemopexin endocytosis leads to coordinated trafficking of heme, iron and copper as heme traffics from endosomes to heme oxygenases (HOs) in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and to the nucleus. This is safe redox-metal trafficking, without oxidative stress, as iron released from heme catabolism by HOs as well as copper taken up with heme-hemopexin move through the cell. To our knowledge, this coordinated metal trafficking has been described only for the hemopexin system and differs from the cell's response to non-protein bound heme, which can be toxic. We propose that defining how cells respond to heme-hemopexin endocytosis, a natural cytoprotective system, will aid our understanding of how cells adapt as they safely respond to increases in heme, Fe(II) and copper. This is relevant for many genetic hemolytic diseases and conditions, stroke and hemorrhage as well as neurodegeneration. Such analyses will help to define a pattern of events that can be utilized to characterize how dysfunctional redox and transition metal handling is linked to the development of pathology in disease states such as Alzheimer's disease when metal homeostasis is not restored; and potentially provide novel targets and approaches to improve therapies.
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Gáll T, Pethő D, Nagy A, Hendrik Z, Méhes G, Potor L, Gram M, Åkerström B, Smith A, Nagy P, Balla G, Balla J. Heme Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress (HIER Stress) in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cells. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1595. [PMID: 30515102 PMCID: PMC6255930 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulation of damaged or misfolded proteins resulted from oxidative protein modification induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by activating the pathways of unfolded protein response. In pathologic hemolytic conditions, extracellular free hemoglobin is submitted to rapid oxidation causing heme release. Resident cells of atherosclerotic lesions, after intraplaque hemorrhage, are exposed to heme leading to oxidative injury. Therefore, we raised the question whether heme can also provoke ER stress. Smooth muscle cells are one of the key players of atherogenesis; thus, human aortic smooth muscle cells (HAoSMCs) were selected as a model cell to reveal the possible link between heme and ER stress. Using immunoblotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry, we quantitated the markers of ER stress. These were: phosphorylated eIF2α, Activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4), DNA-damage-inducible transcript 3 (also known as C/EBP homology protein, termed CHOP), X-box binding protein-1 (XBP1), Activating transcription factor-6 (ATF6), GRP78 (glucose-regulated protein, 78kDa) and heme responsive genes heme oxygenase-1 and ferritin. In addition, immunohistochemistry was performed on human carotid artery specimens from patients who had undergone carotid endarterectomy. We demonstrate that heme increases the phosphorylation of eiF2α in HAoSMCs and the expression of ATF4. Heme also enhances the splicing of XBP1 and the proteolytic cleavage of ATF6. Consequently, there is up-regulation of target genes increasing both mRNA and protein levels of CHOP and GRP78. However, TGFβ and collagen type I decreased. When the heme binding proteins, alpha-1-microglobulin (A1M) and hemopexin (Hpx) are present in cell media, the ER stress provoked by heme is inhibited. ER stress pathways are also retarded by the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) indicating that reactive oxygen species are involved in heme-induced ER stress. Consistent with these findings, elevated expression of the ER stress marker GRP78 and CHOP were observed in smooth muscle cells of complicated lesions with hemorrhage compared to either atheromas or healthy arteries. In conclusion, heme triggers ER stress in a time- and dose-dependent manner in HAoSMCs. A1M and Hpx as well as NAC effectively hamper heme-induced ER stress, supporting their use as a potential therapeutic approach to reverse such a deleterious effects of heme toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Gáll
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Dávid Pethő
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Annamária Nagy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hendrik
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gábor Méhes
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Potor
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Magnus Gram
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo Åkerström
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ann Smith
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Péter Nagy
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - József Balla
- HAS-UD Vascular Biology and Myocardial Pathophysiology Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Ekregbesi P, Shankar-Hari M, Bottomley C, Riley EM, Mooney JP. Relationship between Anaemia, Haemolysis, Inflammation and Haem Oxygenase-1 at Admission with Sepsis: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11198. [PMID: 30046137 PMCID: PMC6060141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of haem oxygenase-1 (HO-1), due to haemolysis and/or inflammation, can lead to impaired immune function. Anaemia is common among sepsis patients, but the consequences of sepsis-associated anaemia are poorly understood. Here, our objective was to determine the prevalence and extent of anaemia, haemolysis, inflammation, and HO-1 induction after early hospital admission. We hypothesised that inflammation- or infection-induced haemolysis contributes to sepsis-associated anaemia and that this will lead to expression of HO-1. In this study, plasma obtained from seventy adult patients within 12 hours of admission to intensive care due to sepsis were analysed for anaemia, haemolysis and inflammatory markers by ELISA and microbead array. The majority (82.6%) of patients were anaemic with evidence of haemolysis (raised haem, haptoglobin, haemopexin, and HO-1 concentrations). Interestingly, concentrations of both haemoglobin and IL-10 were moderately positively correlated with HO-1 concentration (Hb: r = 0.32, p = 0.007; IL-10 r = 0.39, p = 0.0008) whereas HO-1 concentration was weakly negatively correlated with haemopexin (r = −0.23, p = 0.055). Anaemia, while common, was not associated with HO-1 concentration. After adjusting for confounding, HO-1 induction appears to be associated primarily with IL-10 concentration rather than haemolysis. Disease severity at diagnosis was correlated with early plasma IL-10 (r = 0.35, p = 0.003) and HO-1 (r = 0.24, p = 0.048) concentrations. Notably, admission levels of haem, HO-1, and IL-10 were indicators of survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phebe Ekregbesi
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Manu Shankar-Hari
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Bottomley
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eleanor M Riley
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jason P Mooney
- Department of Immunology and Infection, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom. .,Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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10
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Cambiaghi A, Díaz R, Martinez JB, Odena A, Brunelli L, Caironi P, Masson S, Baselli G, Ristagno G, Gattinoni L, de Oliveira E, Pastorelli R, Ferrario M. An Innovative Approach for The Integration of Proteomics and Metabolomics Data In Severe Septic Shock Patients Stratified for Mortality. Sci Rep 2018; 8:6681. [PMID: 29703925 PMCID: PMC5923340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-25035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we examined plasma metabolome, proteome and clinical features in patients with severe septic shock enrolled in the multicenter ALBIOS study. The objective was to identify changes in the levels of metabolites involved in septic shock progression and to integrate this information with the variation occurring in proteins and clinical data. Mass spectrometry-based targeted metabolomics and untargeted proteomics allowed us to quantify absolute metabolites concentration and relative proteins abundance. We computed the ratio D7/D1 to take into account their variation from day 1 (D1) to day 7 (D7) after shock diagnosis. Patients were divided into two groups according to 28-day mortality. Three different elastic net logistic regression models were built: one on metabolites only, one on metabolites and proteins and one to integrate metabolomics and proteomics data with clinical parameters. Linear discriminant analysis and Partial least squares Discriminant Analysis were also implemented. All the obtained models correctly classified the observations in the testing set. By looking at the variable importance (VIP) and the selected features, the integration of metabolomics with proteomics data showed the importance of circulating lipids and coagulation cascade in septic shock progression, thus capturing a further layer of biological information complementary to metabolomics information.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramón Díaz
- Proteomics Platform - Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antonia Odena
- Proteomics Platform - Parc Científic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Brunelli
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Caironi
- Anestesia e Rianimazione, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria S. Luigi Gonzaga, Orbassano, Italy.,Dipartimento di Oncologia, Università degli Studi di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Serge Masson
- IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Luciano Gattinoni
- Department of Anesthesiology, Emergency and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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11
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The macrophage heme-heme oxygenase-1 system and its role in inflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2018; 153:159-167. [PMID: 29452096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO)-1, the inducible isoform of the heme-degrading enzyme HO, plays a critical role in inflammation and iron homeostasis. Regulatory functions of HO-1 are mediated via the catalytic breakdown of heme, which is an iron-containing tetrapyrrole complex with potential pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory effects. In addition, the HO reaction produces the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds carbon monoxide (CO) and biliverdin, subsequently converted into bilirubin, along with iron, which is reutilized for erythropoiesis. HO-1 is up-regulated by a plethora of stimuli and injuries in most cell types and tissues and provides salutary effects by restoring physiological homeostasis. Notably, HO-1 exhibits critical immuno-modulatory functions in macrophages, which are a major cell population of the mononuclear phagocyte system. Macrophages play key roles as sentinels and regulators of the immune system and HO-1 in these cells appears to be of critical importance for driving resolution of inflammatory responses. In this review, the complex functions and regulatory mechanisms of HO-1 in macrophages will be high-lighted. A particular focus will be the intricate interactions of HO-1 with its substrate heme, which play a contradictory role in distinct physiological and pathophysiological settings. The therapeutic potential of targeted modulation of the macrophage heme-HO-1 system will be discussed in the context of inflammatory disorders.
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Hahl P, Hunt R, Bjes ES, Skaff A, Keightley A, Smith A. Identification of oxidative modifications of hemopexin and their predicted physiological relevance. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13658-13671. [PMID: 28596380 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.783951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemopexin protects against heme toxicity in hemolytic diseases and conditions, sepsis, and sickle cell disease. This protection is sustained by heme-hemopexin complexes in biological fluids that resist oxidative damage during heme-driven inflammation. However, apo-hemopexin is vulnerable to inactivation by reactive nitrogen (RNS) and oxygen species (ROS) that covalently modify amino acids. The resultant nitration of amino acids is considered a specific effect reflecting biological events. Using LC-MS, we discovered low endogenous levels of tyrosine nitration in the peptide YYCFQGNQFLR in the heme-binding site of human hemopexin, which was similarly nitrated in rabbit and rat hemopexins. Immunoblotting and selective reaction monitoring were used to quantify tyrosine nitration of in vivo samples and when hemopexin was incubated in vitro with nitrating nitrite/myeloperoxidase/glucose oxidase. Significantly, heme binding by hemopexin declined as tyrosine nitration proceeded in vitro Three nitrated tyrosines reside in the heme-binding site of hemopexin, and we found that one, Tyr-199, interacts directly with the heme ring D propionate. Investigating the oxidative modifications of amino acids after incubation with tert-butyl hydroperoxide and hypochlorous acid in vitro, we identified additional covalent oxidative modifications on four tyrosine residues and one tryptophan residue of hemopexin. Importantly, three of the four modified tyrosines, some of which have more than one modification, cluster in the heme-binding site, supporting a hierarchy of vulnerable amino acids. We propose that during inflammation, apo-hemopexin is nitrated and oxidated in niches of the body containing activated RNS- and ROS-generating immune and endothelial cells, potentially impairing hemopexin's protective extracellular antioxidant function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hahl
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110-2239
| | - Rachel Hunt
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110-2239
| | - Edward S Bjes
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110-2239
| | - Andrew Skaff
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110-2239
| | - Andrew Keightley
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110-2239
| | - Ann Smith
- From the Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64110-2239
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Jung JY, Kwak YH, Chang I, Kwon WY, Suh GJ, Choi D. Protective effect of hemopexin on systemic inflammation and acute lung injury in an endotoxemia model. J Surg Res 2017; 212:15-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2016.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Smith A, McCulloh RJ. Mechanisms of haem toxicity in haemolysis and protection by the haem-binding protein, haemopexin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/voxs.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Smith
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Missouri-Kansas City; Kansas City MO USA
| | - R. J. McCulloh
- Department of Pediatrics; Children's Mercy Hospital; Kansas City MO USA
- University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine; Kansas City MO USA
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de Souza AP, Pedroso AP, Watanabe RLH, Dornellas APS, Boldarine VT, Laure HJ, do Nascimento CMO, Oyama LM, Rosa JC, Ribeiro EB. Gender-specific effects of intrauterine growth restriction on the adipose tissue of adult rats: a proteomic approach. Proteome Sci 2015; 13:32. [PMID: 26633942 PMCID: PMC4667418 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0088-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may program metabolic alterations affecting physiological functions and lead to diseases in later life. The adipose tissue is an important organ influencing energy homeostasis. The present study was aimed at exploring the consequences of IUGR on the retroperitoneal adipose tissue of adult male and female rats, using a proteomic approach. METHODS AND RESULTS Pregnant Wistar rats were fed with balanced chow, either ad libitum (control group) or restricted to 50 % of control intake (restricted group) during the whole gestation. The offspring were weaned to ad libitum chow and studied at 4 months of age. Retroperitoneal fat was analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry. Both male and female restricted groups had low body weight at birth and at weaning but normal body weight at adulthood. The restricted males had normal fat pads weight and serum glucose levels, with a trend to hyperinsulinemia. The restricted females had increased fat pads weight with normal glucose and insulin levels. The restricted males showed up-regulated levels of proteasome subunit α type 3, branched-chain-amino-acid aminotransferase, elongation 1- alpha 1, fatty acid synthase levels, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase and ATP synthase subunit alpha. These alterations point to increased proteolysis and lipogenesis rates and favoring of ATP generation. The restricted females showed down-regulated levels of L-lactate dehydrogenase perilipin-1, mitochondrial branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase E1, and transketolase. These findings suggest impairment of glycemic control, stimulation of lipolysis and inhibition of proteolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and lipogenesis rates. In both genders, several proteins involved in oxidative stress and inflammation were affected, in a pattern compatible with impairment of these responses. CONCLUSIONS The proteomic analysis of adipose tissue showed that, although IUGR affected pathways of substrate and energy metabolism in both males and females, important gender differences were evident. While IUGR males displayed alterations pointing to a predisposition to later development of obesity, the alterations observed in IUGR females pointed to a metabolic status of established obesity, in agreement with their increased fat pads mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Pereira de Souza
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Amanda Paula Pedroso
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Regina Lúcia Harumi Watanabe
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Segantine Dornellas
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Valter Tadeu Boldarine
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Helen Julie Laure
- Centro de Química de Proteínas - Hemocentro, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Claudia Maria Oller do Nascimento
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - Lila Missae Oyama
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
| | - José Cesar Rosa
- Centro de Química de Proteínas - Hemocentro, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Eliane Beraldi Ribeiro
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 862 - 2 andar, Vila Clementino, São Paulo, SP 04023-062 Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hemoglobin and its scavenger proteins haptoglobin and hemopexin (Hx) associate with HDL and influence the inflammatory properties of HDL. Moreover, HDL from Hx-null mice is proinflammatory. In addition, Hx deficiency is implicated in a number of other inflammatory diseases such as septic shock and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. This article highlights studies that demonstrate novel insights into the physiological protective role of Hx in inflammatory diseases. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies demonstrate that Hx-dependent uptake of extracellular heme leads to the deactivation of Bach1 repression leading to the transcriptional activation of antioxidant heme oxygenase-1 gene. Levels of circulating Hx have been implicated in the prognosis for patients with septic shock. In addition, Hx therapy has been shown to be beneficial in cardiovascular disease, cerebral ischemic injury, and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. SUMMARY These studies suggest that heme scavenging is a major mechanism by which Hx defends against oxidative stress and related inflammatory disorders. Hx therapy may provide a novel protective role against heme and oxidative stress-mediated inflammatory conditions including atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niyati U. Mehta
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Departments of Medicine/ Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
| | - Srinivasa T. Reddy
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
- Departments of Medicine/ Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095
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Smith A, McCulloh RJ. Hemopexin and haptoglobin: allies against heme toxicity from hemoglobin not contenders. Front Physiol 2015; 6:187. [PMID: 26175690 PMCID: PMC4485156 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The goal here is to describe our current understanding of heme metabolism and the deleterious effects of "free" heme on immunological processes, endothelial function, systemic inflammation, and various end-organ tissues (e.g., kidney, lung, liver, etc.), with particular attention paid to the role of hemopexin (HPX). Because heme toxicity is the impetus for much of the pathology in sepsis, sickle cell disease (SCD), and other hemolytic conditions, the biological importance and clinical relevance of HPX, the predominant heme binding protein, is reinforced. A perspective on the function of HPX and haptoglobin (Hp) is presented, updating how these two proteins and their respective receptors act simultaneously to protect the body in clinical conditions that entail hemolysis and/or systemic intravascular (IVH) inflammation. Evidence from longitudinal studies in patients supports that HPX plays a Hp-independent role in genetic and non-genetic hemolytic diseases without the need for global Hp depletion. Evidence also supports that HPX has an important role in the prognosis of complex illnesses characterized predominantly by the presence of hemolysis, such as SCD, sepsis, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and conditions involving IVH and extravascular hemolysis (EVH), such as that generated by extracorporeal circulation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and from blood transfusions. We propose that quantitating the amounts of plasma heme, HPX, Hb-Hp, heme-HPX, and heme-albumin levels in various disease states may aid in the diagnosis and treatment of the above-mentioned conditions, which is crucial to developing targeted plasma protein supplementation (i.e., "replenishment") therapies for patients with heme toxicity due to HPX depletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Smith
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas City, MO, USA
| | - Russell J. McCulloh
- Pediatric and Adult Infectious Diseases, Children's Mercy-Kansas CityKansas City, MO, USA
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas City, MO, USA
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