Visual acuity and contrast sensitivity comparison between Tecnis and AcrySof SA60AT intraocular lenses: A multicenter randomized study

Comparative visual performance of ultraviolet light-filtering and violet light-filtering monofocal intraocular lenses of the same material and basic design

We compared the visual performance of ZCB00 ultraviolet light-filtering and ZCB00V violet light-filtering monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) (both Johnson & Johnson Surgical Vision) with the same materials and basic design in cataract patients treated from 2011 to 2020. The evaluations were performed 10 weeks after the last surgery for implantation of bilateral lenses ≤ 3 months apart. The ZCB00 and ZCB00V groups included 904 eyes from 452 patients (age 72.3 ± 6.8 y; women/men, 268/184) and 1374 eyes from 687 patients (age 73.0 ± 7.4 y; women/men, 415/272), respectively. Statistical validity was confirmed using a linear mixed-effects model with binocular data and adjustments for age, sex, subjective refraction cylinder, subjective refraction spherical equivalent, corneal astigmatism, axial length, pupil diameter, and corneal higher-order aberrations. ZCB00 showed slightly but significantly better results (p < 0.05, Wald) for uncorrected intermediate/near visual acuity, corrected near visual acuity, and components of the 25-item Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25) (Role_Limitation, Mental_Health, Social_Function, Distance_Vision, Color_Vision). Additionally, ZCB00V showed significantly better contrast sensitivity with glare (visual angle of target: 6.3°/4.0°/0.7°; p < 0.00068, Wald); slightly but significantly better contrast sensitivity without glare (4.0°/2.5°/1.6°) and with glare (2.5°/1.6°/1.0°), VFQ-25 General_Health scores, and near spectacle independence; and slightly but significantly smaller higher-order aberrations (internal, scaled to a 6-mm pupil; Wavefront_6_post_I_Trefoil) (p < 0.05, Wald).

Predicting contrast sensitivity functions with digital twins

We developed and validated digital twins (DTs) for contrast sensitivity function (CSF) across 12 prediction tasks using a data-driven, generative model approach based on a hierarchical Bayesian model (HBM). For each prediction task, we utilized the HBM to compute the joint distribution of CSF hyperparameters and parameters at the population, subject, and test levels. This computation was based on a combination of historical data (N = 56), any new data from additional subjects (N = 56), and "missing data" from unmeasured conditions. The posterior distributions of the parameters in the unmeasured conditions were used as input for the CSF generative model to generate predicted CSFs. In addition to their accuracy and precision, these predictions were evaluated for their potential as informative priors that enable generation of synthetic quantitative contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) data or rescore existing qCSF data. The DTs demonstrated high accuracy in group level predictions across all tasks and maintained accuracy at the individual subject level when new data were available, with accuracy comparable to and precision lower than the observed data. DT predictions could reduce the data collection burden by more than 50% in qCSF testing when using 25 trials. Although further research is necessary, this study demonstrates the potential of DTs in vision assessment. Predictions from DTs could improve the accuracy, precision, and efficiency of vision assessment and enable personalized medicine, offering more efficient and effective patient care solutions.

Influence of different parameters on the corneal asphericity (Q value) assessed with progress in biomedical optics and imaging - A review

The corneal eye diseases such as Keratoconus cause weakening of the cornea, with this disease the cornea can change in shape. This condition affects between 1 in 3,000 to 1 in 10,000 people. The main reason for the development of such conditions is unknown and can have significant impacts. Over the last decade, with advancements in computerized corneal topography assessments, researchers have increasingly expressed interest in corneal topography for research as well as clinical activities. Up till now, several aspheric numerical models have been developed as well as proposed to define the complex shape of the cornea. A commonly used term for characterizing the asphericity in an eye is the Q value, a common indicator of the aspherical degree of the cornea. It is one of the critical parameters in the mathematical description model of the cornea as it represents the cornea's shape and the eye's characteristics. Due to the utmost importance of this Q value of the cornea, a couple of studies have attempted to explore this parameter and its distribution, merely in terms of its influence on the human eye's optical properties. The corneal Q value is an important factor that needs to be determined to treat for any refractive errors as corneal degeneration are disease that can lead to potential problems with the structure of the cornea. This study aims to highlight the need to understand Q value of the cornea as this can essentially assist with personalising corneal refractive surgeries and implantation of intraocular lenses. Therefore, the relevance of corneal Q value must be studied in association with different patients, especially ones who have been diagnosed with cataracts, brain tumours, or even COVID-19. To address this issue, this paper first carries out a literature review on the optics of the cornea, the relevance of corneal Q value in ophthalmic practice and studies corneal degenerations and its causes. Thereafter, a detailed review of several noteworthy relevant research studies examining the Q value of the cornea is performed. To do so, an elaborate database is created, which presents a list of different research works examined in this study and provides key evidence derived from these studies. This includes listing details on the age, gender, ethnicity of the eyes assessed, the control variables, the technology used in the study, and even more. The database also delivers important findings and conclusions noted in each study assessed. Next, this paper analyses and discusses the magnitude of corneal Q value in various scenarios and the influence of different parameters on corneal Q value. To design visual optical products as well as to enhance the understanding of the optical properties of an eye, future studies could consider the database and work presented in this study as useful references. In addition, the work can be used to make informed decisions in clinical practice for designing visual optical products as well as to enhance the understanding of the optical properties of an Eye.

Comparison of visual performance between diffractive bifocal and diffractive trifocal intraocular lenses

To evaluate the visual performance of a diffractive bifocal intraocular lens (IOL) with + 4.0 D near addition (ZMB00) and a diffractive trifocal IOL with + 2.17 D and + 3.25 D near addition (AcrySof IQ PanOptix TFNT00), we investigated the 10-week postoperative parameters after cataract surgery in which ZMB00 or TFNT00 lenses were implanted bilaterally from 2011 to 2020 (with a 3-month interval between implantation of the right and left lenses). The study included 1448 eyes of 724 patients. The diffractive bifocal group comprised 1326 eyes of 663 patients (aged 67.0 ± 7.8 years; females/males, 518/145), and the diffractive trifocal group comprised 122 eyes of 61 patients (aged 66.6 ± 7.3 years; females/males, 35/26). A linear mixed-effects model using data for both eyes, with strict adjustments for sex, age, subjective refraction spherical equivalent, subjective refraction cylinder, corneal astigmatism, axial length, corneal higher-order aberrations, and pupil diameter, ensured statistical validity. Uncorrected near visual acuity and higher-order aberrations (ocular/internal, scaled to a pupil size of 4 mm) (Wavefront_4mm_postoperative_Ocular/Internal_Spherical) were significantly better in the bifocal group (p < 0.00068, Wald test). Uncorrected intermediate visual acuity, contrast sensitivity (6.3/4.0/2.5/1.6/1.0/0.7 degrees), and contrast sensitivity with glare (4.0/1.6/1.0/0.7 degrees) were significantly better in the trifocal group (p < 0.00068, Wald test).

Cataract surgery following refractive surgery: Principles to achieve optical success and patient satisfaction

A growing number of patients with prior refractive surgery are now presenting for cataract surgery. Surgeons face a number of unique challenges in this patient population that tends to be highly motivated to retain or regain functional uncorrected acuity postoperatively. Primary challenges include recognition of the specific type of prior surgery, use of appropriate intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation formulas, matching IOL style with spherical aberration profile, the recognition of corneal imaging patterns that are and are not compatible with toric and/or presbyopia-correcting lens implantation, and surgical technique modifications, which are particularly relevant in eyes with prior radial keratotomy or phakic IOL implantation. Despite advancements in IOL power formulae, corneal imaging, and IOL options that have improved our ability to achieve targeted postoperative refractive outcomes, accuracy and predictability remain inferior to eyes that undergo cataract surgery without a history of corneal refractive surgery. Thus, preoperative evaluation of patients who will and will not be candidates for postoperative refractive surgical enhancements is also paramount. We provide an overview of the specific challenges in this population and offer evidence-based strategies and considerations for optimizing surgical outcomes.

Comparison of visual performance between bifocal and extended-depth-of-focus intraocular lenses

We compared the visual performance of a bifocal intraocular lens (IOL) (ZMB00) and an extended-depth-of-focus (EDOF) IOL (ZXR00V) by evaluating postoperative parameters at 10 weeks after the last surgery in cataract patients who underwent bilateral ZMB00 or ZXR00V implantation between 2011 and 2020. The right and left lenses were implanted within 3 months of each other. The study enrolled 1536 eyes of 768 patients; the ZMB00 group comprised 1326 eyes of 663 patients (age: 67.0 ± 7.8 years; female/male, 518/145), and the ZXR00V group comprised 210 eyes of 105 patients (age: 67.8 ± 6.9 years; female/male, 39/66). A linear mixed-effects model using data for both eyes, with strict adjustments for sex, age, subjective refraction spherical equivalent, subjective refraction cylinder, corneal astigmatism, axial length, corneal higher-order aberrations and pupil diameter, ensured statistical validity. Uncorrected near visual acuity, corrected near visual acuity, and near spectacle independence were significantly better in the ZMB00 group (p<0.00068, Wald test) than in the ZXR00V group. Contrast sensitivity (visual angle of the test target: 4.0°/2.5°/1.6°/1.0°/0.7°) and contrast sensitivity with glare (4.0°/2.5°/1.6°/1.0°/0.7°) were significantly better in the ZXR00V group (p<0.00068, Wald test) than in the ZMB00 group. Uncorrected intermediate visual acuity, contrast sensitivity with glare (6.3°), and 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (VFQ-25) scores for General Vision were slightly but significantly better in the ZXR00V group than in the ZMB00 group (p<0.05, Wald test). At high-performance levels, the two IOL groups had different characteristics regarding various visual performance parameters.

Influence of decentration and tilt of Tecnis ZCB00 on visual acuity and higher order aberrations

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES

To determine the influence of decentration and tilt of a pseudophakic aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) on visual acuity (VA) and higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and to analyze the agreement between pupil center/axis and iridocorneal angles center/axis when assessing IOL decentration and tilt.

SUBJECTS/METHODS

A prospective interventional case series study including thirty-three patients undergoing Tecnis ZCB00 (Abbott Medical Optics) implantation. IOL decentration and tilt with respect to two reference systems (pupil and iridocorneal angles centers/axes), in cartesian (X,Y) and polar (radius/tilt, polar angle/azimuth) coordinates, were assessed with optical coherence tomography. VA and internal and ocular HOAs were evaluated. Multiple linear regression models and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were computed.

RESULTS

IOL decentration only showed a significant effect on internal HOAs for [Formula: see text] (R2 = 0.20, P = 0.04). IOL decentration with respect to the pupil center showed a significant effect on ocular [Formula: see text] (R2 = 0.18, P = 0.05), [Formula: see text] (R2 = 0.36, P = 0.001) and [Formula: see text] (R2 = 0.24, P = 0.02); and with respect to the center of iridocorneal angles, on ocular [Formula: see text] (R2 = 0.21, P = 0.03), [Formula: see text] (R2 = 0.32, P = 0.003), primary coma (R2 = 0.41, P < 0.001), and coma-like (R2 = 0.40, P = 0.001). Poor agreement between both reference systems was found for IOL decentration measurements (ICC ≤ 0.41), except for the polar angle coordinate (ICC = 0.83). Tilt measurements showed good agreement (ICC ≥ 0.75).

CONCLUSIONS

Tecnis ZCB00 decentration and tilt values after uneventful implantation appear not to have influence on VA, and their effect on HOAs are not high enough to clinically affect quality of vision. Pupil and iridocorneal angles used as reference systems may be interchangeable for IOL tilt measurements, but not for decentration.

Optical bench evaluation of the effect of pupil size in new generation monofocal intraocular lenses

BACKGROUND

A new generation of enhanced monofocal IOLs has been introduced to slightly increase the depth of focus as compared to standard monofocal IOLs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of pupil size on the through-focus optical performance of three new enhanced monofocal IOLs, designed to improve the range of vision as compared to standard monofocal IOLs.

METHODS

Optical bench testing in white light was performed for different pupils, using an average cornea eye. Distance image quality was evaluated using Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) measurements. Through-focus Visual Acuity (VA) was simulated from these measurements (sVA). Three enhanced monofocal IOLs (ICB00, ISOPure, and RayOne-EMV) and three standard monofocal IOLs: two aspheric (ZCB00 and SN60WF) and one spherical (AAB00) were included.

RESULTS

The enhanced monofocal IOLs provided an improvement in the intermediate sVA as compared to standard monofocal IOLs. For ICB00, the improvement was independent of the pupil size, while for the ISOPure and RayOne-EMV, the intermediate sVA improved with increased pupil size. Similar to the spherical monofocal IOL, the ISOPure and RayOne-EMV showed a strong correlation between improvement in intermediate sVA and reduction of distance sVA and MTF, and increasing pupil size. ICB00 provided the same distance sVA as the aspheric monofocal IOLs and the lowest variability in MTF with pupil size.

CONCLUSION

Optical bench results showed that the ISOPure and RayOne-EMV provide similar performance to a spherical monofocal IOL, with a strong pupil dependency for distance and intermediate vision. The other enhanced monofocal IOL, ICB00, provided a sustained improvement in simulated intermediate VA and maintained distance image quality comparable to that of the standard aspheric monofocal IOLs, even for larger pupils.

Comparison of visual performance between two aspheric monofocal intraocular lens models

CLINICAL RELEVANCE

It is important to distinguish between visual acuity, optical quality and quality of vision when outcomes obtained with intraocular lenses are evaluated. These parameters, that includeobjective and subjective tests, should be assessed to obtain results that are not biased.

BACKGROUND

To assess the difference in visual and optical quality between two monofocal intraocular lens models.

METHODS

: This was a prospective, parallel and randomised clinical study conducted at Miranza IOA, a private clinic in Madrid, Spain. Sixty patients were implanted bilaterally, 30 per group, with two aspheric IOLs with induced spherical aberration of -0.27 μm for Group A and -0.20 μm for Group B. Visual outcomes obtained at 1 and 3 months after surgery included both uncorrected (UCVA) and corrected monocular distance visual acuity (DCVA), objective scattering index (OSI), modulation transfer function (MTF) cut-off, Strehl Ratio (SR), contrast sensitivity defocus curve (CSDC), intraocular lens spherical aberration (SA), and longitudinal chromatic aberration of the eye. Activity limitations in daily life were assessed using CatQuest-9SF questionnaire.

RESULTS

There were statistically significant differences for DCVA (0.04 LogMAR; p = .008) and SR (0.03; p = .003) between groups. Outcomes related to CSDC showed statistically significant differences for vergences between -0.50 D and +1.00 D (3 mm pupil) and for vergences of 0.00 D and +0.50 D (4.5 mm pupil) between groups. Overall, Group A showed better results regarding visual and optical quality, including a lower longitudinal chromatic aberration result in comparison to Group B. Patient satisfaction evaluated with CatQuest-9SF showed that Group A achieved better outcomes, although the differences were statistically significant only for the 'Reading text on television' item (p = 0.027).

CONCLUSIONS

Both intraocular lens models showed excellent quantity of vision, optical and visual quality as well as high patient satisfaction. Despite this, the the Group A model provided slightly better outcomes than the Group B model.

Effect of cataract incision type on corneal spherical aberration

Corneal spherical aberration (CSA) plays an important role in the ocular refractive system. However, ophthalmologists have not considered the effect of difference cataract incisions on it. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of transparent corneal incision (TCI) and scleral tunnel incision (STI) on CSA after the cataract phacoemulsification with foldable IOLs. One hundred ninety-three eyes (61 males and 79 females) for 1-month observation and 114 eyes (29 males and 51 females) for 3-month observation with age-related cataracts (ARC) were included in this study. CSA was measured with dilated pupil by Pentacam Scheimpflug system at 1 day preoperative and 1, 3-month postoperative. Preoperative CSA >1.00 μm was excluded. Both TCI and STI are 3 mm incisions with Infiniti system and Ozil handpiece. No significant difference of age or gender was found between TCI and STI groups in 1 or 3-month observation. In 1-month observation, preoperative CSA for TCI and STI are 0.31 ± 0.29 and 0.41 ± 0.19 μm, which of postoperative are 0.42 ± 0.17 and 0.44 ± 0.35 μm, respectively. The change of CSA is 0.11 ± 0.32 and 0.04 ± 0.33 μm (P = .233). For 3-month observation, preoperative CSA for TCI and STI are 0.32 ± 0.28 and 0.36 ± 0.23 μm, which of postoperative are 0.43 ± 0.16 and 0.39 ± 0.26 μm, respectively. The change of CSA is 0.10 ± 0.34 and 0.03 ± 0.21 μm (P = .312). For the phacoemulsification combined with foldable IOL implantation, STI has minimal effect on CSA, but TCI might increase postoperative CSA.

Effects on ocular aberration and contrast sensitivity after implantation of spherical and aspherical monofocal intraocular lens - A comparative study

Purpose:

Phacoemulsification with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation is the standard of care for cataractous eyes. Monofocal IOLs are spherical or aspheric. The aspheric design of IOLs reduces the spherical and higher-order aberrations and impacts contrast sensitivity post cataract surgery. There are some studies, but data in the Indian setting with the IOLs we used is lacking. We aimed to compare the effect of implantation of spheric and aspheric foldable intraocular lenses on postoperative quality of vision, spherical aberration, and contrast sensitivity.

Methods:

This prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital with an ophthalmology specialty, data collection from January 2017 to May 2018 in 100 patients. Patients meeting the inclusion criteria were selected. Their preoperative and postoperative data were collected and divided into groups based on whether spherical or aspheric IOL was implanted after cataract surgery. Variables assessed were visual acuity on days 7 and 30, spherical aberrations, and contrast sensitivity was assessed at 1-month postoperative.

Results:

The mean age of the patients in this study was 64 ± 8 years with a majority of patients (60%) being females. There is no significant difference in postoperative visual acuity between the two groups. Internal SA was significantly lower (~50%) in eyes implanted with aspheric IOLs (P value = 0.004, 0.0001) compared with the spherical group. Contrast sensitivity of patients of the aspheric group was significantly better (P value <0.05).

Conclusion:

The optical design of the aspheric IOLs reduced spherical aberrations and increased contrast sensitivity.

Visual and optical quality of enhanced intermediate monofocal versus standard monofocal intraocular lens

Purpose

Intraocular lens designs are constantly evolving, trying to obtain more spectacle independence after cataract surgery. This advantage can be linked to some disadvantages, such as optical quality decrease. For that reason, it is important to assess, not only the amount of vision provided but also the quality of vision once they are implanted. The purpose of the present work was to compare the visual performance between two monofocal intraocular models: a standard model and a monofocal with enhanced intermediate vision lens.

Methods

Prospective, randomized, comparative study. Sixty adult subjects scheduled to undergo bilateral cataract surgery and IOL implantation were randomized to receive one of the two IOLs in both eyes at Miranza IOA, Madrid, Spain (group A: monofocal with enhanced intermediate vision lens and group B: standard monofocal lens). Monocular outcomes (right eyes) determined 1 and 3 months postoperatively were photopic corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), perceived halo, corrected intermediate-distance contrast sensitivity, and higher-order aberrations. The impact of the new IOL in the postoperative management with autorefraction devices was also evaluated.

Results

No differences were found in CDVA between the two groups. Significant differences were detected between the two lenses evaluated in both total HOA (p = 0.028) and internal HOA (p = 0.037). Contrast sensitivity and halometry results obtained at 1 month were similar across the two IOL groups.

Conclusion

In patients undergoing cataract surgery, monofocal with enhanced intermediate vision IOL offered similar distance performance and contrast sensitivity along with perceived HOA and halos compared with the standard monofocal IOLs tested.

Hierarchical Bayesian modeling of contrast sensitivity functions in a within-subject design

Recent development of the quick contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) method has made it possible to obtain accurate, precise, and efficient contrast sensitivity function (CSF) assessment. To improve statistical inference on CSF changes in a within-subject design, we developed a hierarchical Bayesian model (HBM) to compute the joint distribution of CSF parameters and hyperparameters at test, subject, and population levels, utilizing information within- and between-subjects and experimental conditions. We evaluated the performance of the HBM relative to a non-hierarchical Bayesian inference procedure (BIP) on an existing CSF dataset of 112 subjects obtained with the qCSF method in three luminance conditions (Hou, Lesmes, Kim, Gu, Pitt, Myung, & Lu, 2016). We found that the average d's of the area under log CSF (AULCSF) and CSF parameters between pairs of luminance conditions at the test-level from the HBM were 33.5% and 103.3% greater than those from the BIP analysis of AULCSF. The increased d' resulted in greater statistical differences between experimental conditions across subjects. In addition, simulations showed that the HBM generated accurate and precise CSF parameter estimates. These results have strong implications for the application of HBM in clinical trials and patient care.

Enhancing the Intermediate Vision of Monofocal Intraocular Lenses Using a Higher Order Aspheric Optic

PURPOSE

To describe and evaluate a new monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) designed to improve intermediate vision using a unique refractive technology.

METHODS

The new monofocal lens is based on a higher order aspheric optic and is designed to improve intermediate vision. Simulated visual acuity from far to -2.00 diopters (D) was calculated using optical bench data. The effect of corneal higher order aberrations (HOAs) on simulated visual acuity, pupil size, and decentration was assessed using realistic computer eye models. The susceptibility to photic phenomena was evaluated by measuring preclinically the intensity of the light distribution in the retinal plane. The new lens design was compared to a standard aspheric monofocal IOL that shares the same platform, material, and primary spherical aberration as the new design.

RESULTS

Simulated defocus curves showed increased simulated visual acuity in the intermediate range compared to a standard aspheric monofocal IOL with comparable distance vision, independently of the pupil size and corneal HOAs. At -1.50 D, the new IOL design provided a gain of approximately 0.1 logMAR, whereas at distance, the difference was less than 0.05 logMAR. The tolerance to decentration was also similar in both designs. Finally, experimental results indicate that the susceptibility to photic phenomena with the new lens design was similar to that of a standard aspheric monofocal IOL.

CONCLUSIONS

Preclinical data showed that the new lens design improves intermediate vision while maintaining comparable distance image quality and keeping the same photic phenomena profile as a standard aspheric monofocal IOL. [J Refract Surg. 2020;36(8):520-527.].

Management of Cataract in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are two of the most common eye diseases of aging. This review addresses the pre-operative, intra-operative, and post-operative considerations in managing cataract in patients with age-related macular degeneration. Surgery for visually significant cataracts in patients with AMD can substantially improve the quality of life and reduce the risk of falls. Pre-operative optical coherence tomography is now recommended where possible to identify pre-existing macula disease. Careful counselling of patients is required before cataract surgery, especially with respect to the expected visual outcome, intraocular lens choice and potential risks of surgery. Real-world data has suggested 6 months of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular AMD before cataract surgery is compatible with optimum long-term visual outcomes. Patients receiving intravitreal therapy for neovascular AMD should be advised of the slightly higher risk of intraoperative complications and the surgeon should be prepared to manage these during the operation. During cataract surgery, unnecessary light exposure should be avoided to reduce phototoxicity. Careful planning of intravitreal therapy for neovascular AMD just before cataract surgery allows the eye greater recovery time in the post-operative period before further planned intravitreal therapy.

Comparison of visual performance between monofocal and multifocal intraocular lenses of the same material and basic design

To compare the visual performance of a monofocal intraocular lens (IOL) (ZCB00) and a multifocal IOL (ZMB00) of the same material and basic design, we evaluated postoperative parameters at 10 weeks after the last surgery in cataract patients who underwent bilateral ZCB00 or ZMB00 implantation from December 13, 2010, to July 29, 2019, with the right and left lenses implanted within 3 months of each other. The study enrolled 2,230 eyes of 1,115 patients. The monofocal group comprised 904 eyes of 452 patients (72.3 ± 6.8 years; females/males, 268/184), and the multifocal group comprised 1,326 eyes of 663 patients (67.0 ± 7.8 years; females/males, 518/145). Contrast sensitivity (4.0/2.5/1.6/1.0/0.7 degrees), contrast sensitivity with glare (1.6/1.0/0.7 degrees), and the VFQ-25 score for driving at night were significantly better in the monofocal group (p < 0.00068, Wald test). Uncorrected intermediate/near visual acuity and near spectacle independence were significantly better in the multifocal group (p < 0.00068, Wald test). The two IOL groups had different characteristics in terms of contrast sensitivity, night-time driving, uncorrected intermediate/near visual acuity and near spectacle independence.

Mapping the Contrast Sensitivity of the Visual Field With Bayesian Adaptive qVFM

Current clinical evaluation, which focuses on central vision, could be improved through characterization of residual vision with peripheral testing of visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color vision, crowding, and reading speed. Assessing visual functions in addition to light sensitivity, a comprehensive visual field map (VFM) would be valuable for detecting and managing eye diseases. In a previous study, we developed a Bayesian adaptive qVFM method that combines a global module for preliminary assessment of the VFM's shape and a local module for assessment at individual retinal locations. The method was validated in measuring the light sensitivity VFM. In this study, we extended the qVFM method to measure contrast sensitivity across the visual field. In both simulations and psychophysics, we sampled 64 visual field locations (48 x 48 deg) and compared the qVFM method with a procedure that tested each retinal location independently (qFC; Lesmes et al., 2015). In each trial, subjects were required to identify a single optotype (size: 2.5 x 2.5 deg), one of 10 filtered Sloan letters. To compare the accuracy and precision of the two methods, three simulated eyes were tested in 1,280 trials with each method. In addition, data were collected from 10 eyes (5 OS, 5 OD) of five normal observers. For simulations, the average RMSE of the estimated contrast sensitivity with the qVFM and qFC methods were 0.057 and 0.100 after 320 trials, and 0.037 and 0.041 after 1,280 trials [all in log10 units, represent as log(sensitivity)], respectively. The average SD of the qVFM and qFC estimates were 0.054 and 0.096 after 320 trials, and 0.032 and 0.041 after 1,280 trials, respectively. The within-run variability (68.2% HWCIs) were comparable to the cross-run variability (SD). In the psychophysics experiment, the average HWCI of the estimated contrast sensitivity from the qVFM and qFC methods across the visual field decreased from 0.33 on the first trial to 0.072 and 0.16 after 160, and to 0.060 and 0.10 after 320 trials. The RMSE between the qVFM and qFC estimates started at 0.26, decreased to 0.12 after 160 and to 0.11 after 320 qVFM trials. The qVFM provides an accurate, precise, and efficient mapping of contrast sensitivity across the entire visual field. The method might find potential clinical applications in monitoring vision loss, evaluating therapeutic interventions, and developing effective rehabilitation for visual diseases.

Individually Customized IOL Versus Standard Spherical Aberration-Correcting IOL

PURPOSE

To compare the visual performance of an individually customized intraocular lens (IOL) versus a standard spherical aberration-correcting IOL.

METHODS

In this prospective comparative study, 74 eyes of 60 patients scheduled for cataract surgery were randomized in a 2:1 ratio to receive either an individually customized IOL (; HumanOptics AG, Erlangen, Germany; customized group) or an aspheric IOL with a standard correction of spherical aberration (SA) (Tecnis ZCB00; Johnson & Johnson Vision Surgical, Inc., Santa Ana, CA; standardized group). In the customized group, IOL calculation was based on a minimum of a merit function that contained terms representing residual refraction, residual SA, and modulation transfer function. In the standardized group, the IOL was calculated with a routine procedure using the Holladay formula and had a standard SA correction of -0.27 µm. Refraction, visual acuity (far, intermediate, near), photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity, defocus curve, corneal and ocular spherical aberration, and pupil size were measured 4 weeks and 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS

The customized group comprised 48 eyes of 37 patients and the standardized group 26 eyes of 23 patients. At 3 months, mean total ocular SA (5 mm) was 0.04 ± 0.06 µm in the customized group and -0.01 ± 0.05 µm in the standardized group. Uncorrected distance visual acuity and distance-corrected near visual acuity were statistically significantly better in the customized group. Contrast sensitivity testing yielded significantly better results in the customized group under photopic and mesopic conditions for almost all spatial frequencies. Compared to the standardized group, the defocus curve of the customized group showed a wider plateau surrounding the distance focal point.

CONCLUSIONS

With the implantation of an individually optimized aspheric IOL visual performance, especially contrast sensitivity, can be significantly improved compared to a standard aberration-correcting IOL. [J Refract Surg. 2019;35(9):565-574.].

Contrast sensitivity deficits in patients with mutation-proven inherited retinal degenerations

BACKGROUND

Patients with retinal diseases frequently complain of poor visual function even when visual acuity is relatively unaffected. This clinical finding has been attributed to deficits in contrast sensitivity (CS). The purpose of our study was to evaluate the CS in patients with clinical and genetic diagnosis of inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) and relatively preserved visual acuity.

METHODS

Seventeen patients (30 eyes) with IRD and visual acuity of 20/40 or better, and 18 controls (18 eyes) without any ocular condition underwent slit lamp examination, visual acuity testing via standard Snellen chart testing, CS testing via the Quick Contrast Sensitivity Function (QCSF), and Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SD-OCT). CS were measured at 1.0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, 12.0, and 18.0 cycles per degree (cpd). T tests with general estimated equations were used to compare CS between groups. Wald chi square followed by pairwise comparisons was used to compare CS between multiple groups.

RESULTS

We included 12 patients with rod-cone dystrophy (RCD), 3 patients with Stargardt disease (STGD) and 2 patients with Best disease. Patients with IRD had significantly worse CS than controls (p < 0.001) in all spatial frequencies. Patients with STGD had more marked deficits in CS than patients with Best disease (p < 0.001) and RCD (p < 0.001) despite having similar visual acuities.

CONCLUSION

Patients with IRD, especially patients with STGD with relatively preserved visual acuity have marked deficits in CS when measured across a range of spatial frequencies. We recommend that clinical trials for STGD incorporate CS measured over a range of spatial frequencies as a secondary clinical endpoint for monitoring visual function. CS may provide an explanation for complaints of visual dysfunction when visual acuity is not significantly altered.

A Comparison of Higher Order Aberrations in Eyes Implanted with AcrySof IQ SN60WF and AcrySof SN60AT Intraocular Lenses

PURPOSE

To evaluate the efficacy of AcrySof SN60WF aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) in decreasing spherical aberration and total higher order aberrations (HOAs) after cataract surgery compared to the spherical SN60AT lens.

METHODS

Wavefront analysis was conducted on 28 eyes of 28 patients that underwent un-complicated phacoemulsification with implantation of either SN60WF (15 eyes) or SN60AT lenses (13 eyes). Eyes with a history of uveitis, retinal diseases, and previous surgery were excluded.

RESULTS

SN60WF eyes had less mean absolute spherical aberration than SN60AT eyes both at 4 mm (0.04+/-0.03 vs 0.11+/-0.03 RMS, p<0.0001) and 6 mm pupils (0.09+/-0.04 vs 0.43+/-0.12 RMS, p<0.0001). Mean total HOAs was lower in the SN60WF group at 6 mm pupils (0.44+/-0.14 vs 0.56+/-0.13 RMS, p=0.0274), while no difference was seen at 4 mm pupils (0.20+/-0.10 vs 0.25+/-0.08 RMS, p=0.160). There were no clinically significant differences between the SN60WF and SN60AT IOLs both at 4 and 6 mm pupils in terms of coma (0.16+/-0.07 vs 0.18+/-0.09 RMS, p=0.514 and 0.25+/-0.12 vs 0.23+/-0.12 RMS, p=0.664) and trefoil (0.14+/-0.09 vs 0.10+/-0.05 RMS, p=0.167 and 0.28+/-0.12 vs 0.23+/-0.07 RMS, p=0.199). There were no differences be-tween groups in mean age, axial length, postoperative spherical equivalent, IOL power, or corneal curvature.

CONCLUSIONS

An aspheric posterior optic IOL design with thinner center effectively reduces the positive ocular spherical aberration observed in the pseudophakic and elderly eyes, especially at larger pupillary diameters (6 mm), with no notable increase in coma. However, reduction in total ocular HOAs was only significant at 6 mm pupils.

The efficiency of aspheric intraocular lens according to biometric measurements

Purpose

To analyze internal spherical aberration in pseudophakic eyes that underwent aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation, and to investigate the relationships between biometric data and the effectiveness of aspheric IOL implantation.

Methods

This retrospective study included 40 eyes of 40 patients who underwent implantation of an IOL having a negative spherical aberration of -0.20 μm (CT ASPHINA 509M; Carl Zeiss Meditec Inc., Germany). The IOLMaster (version 5.0; Carl Zeiss AG, Germany) was used for preoperative biometric measurements (axial length, anterior chamber depth, central corneal power) and the measurement of postoperative anterior chamber depth. The spherical aberrations were measured preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively using the iTrace (Tracey Technologies, Houston, TX, USA) at a pupil diameter of 5.0 mm. We investigated the relationships between preoperative biometric data and postoperative internal spherical aberration, and compared biometric measurements between 2 subgroups stratified according to internal spherical aberration (spherical aberration ≤ -0.06 μm vs. spherical aberration > -0.06 μm).

Results

The mean postoperative internal spherical aberration was -0.087 ± 0.063 μm. Preoperative axial length and residual total spherical aberration showed statistically significant correlations with internal spherical aberration (p = 0.041, 0.002). Preoperative axial length, postoperative anterior chamber depth, IOL power, and residual spherical aberration showed significant differences between the 2 subgroups stratified according to internal spherical aberration (p = 0.020, 0.029, 0.048, 0.041 respectively).

Conclusion

The corrective effect of an aspheric IOL is influenced by preoperative axial length and postoperative anterior chamber depth. Not only the amount of negative spherical aberration on the IOL surface but also the preoperative axial length should be considered to optimize spherical aberration after aspheric IOL implantation.

Comparative study of visual function and ocular aberrations of two different one-piece designed hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lens

PURPOSE

To determine whether the aspherical IOL, Tecnis ZCB00, can improve the visual quality by measuring visual acuity, wavefront aberrations, and contrast sensitivity.

METHODS

It was a retrospective case series. Patients who underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery were divided into two groups. One group (Group TC) was implanted with one-piece aspherical acrylic IOL (Tecnis ZCB00, AMO); the other (Group SA) was implanted with one-piece spherical acrylic IOL (Sensar AAB00, AMO). Eighty-eight eyes were selected into this study, among them 43 eyes in 26 male cases and 45 eyes in 29 female cases. Thirty-six eyes in 23 cases were in Group TC, and 52 eyes in 32 cases were in Group SA. Three months postoperatively, aberrations were analyzed with i-Trace visual function analyzer (Tracy Technologies, USA). Contrast sensitivities were measured with Takaci-CGT-1000 contrast glare tester (Seiko, Japan).

RESULTS

All the 88 eyes underwent phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation, without complications during or after surgery. Three months postoperatively, the uncorrected vision acuity in Group TC was significantly better than in Group SA (P = 0.007). At the pupil size of 5.0 mm, higher-order aberrations in Group TC were significantly higher than in Group SA (P = 0.02), especially the spherical aberration (Z ₄⁰ ) (P < 0.001); at the pupil size of 4.0 mm, Z ₄⁰ in Group SA was statistically higher than in Group TC (P < 0.001); at the pupil size of 3.0 mm, higher-order aberrations such as coma (Z ₃^-1,1 ) and trefoil aberration (Z ₃^-3,3 ) in Group SA were obviously higher than in Group TC (P = 0.01). In the low spatial frequency, the contrast sensitivity and the glare sensitivity in Group TC were significantly higher than in Group SA (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

By the short-term follow-up (3 months), the aspherical acrylic IOL can reduce the higher-order aberrations (especially the spherical aberration) and increase the contrast sensitivity to improve the visual performance.

Optimizing cataract surgery in patients with age-related macular degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment. The development of cataract in AMD patients poses challenges in assessing timing of surgery, predicting potential benefit to the patient of surgery, and predicting short- and long-term effects of surgery on progression of their AMD. Although traditional cataract surgery remains the mainstay of treatment, recently several devices have been developed to address the specific needs of AMD patients with cataract. We look at the associations between cataract and AMD and outline the treatment approaches to cataract surgery in AMD, looking at the potential benefits and risks of both traditional approaches and newer devices. We provide clinicians treating patients with AMD and cataract with a framework for choosing the appropriate management.

High order aberration and straylight evaluation after cataract surgery with implantation of an aspheric, aberration correcting monofocal intraocular lens

AIM

To evaluate the quality of vision in respect to high order aberrations and straylight perception after implantation of an aspheric, aberration correcting, monofocal intraocular lens (IOL).

METHODS

Twenty-one patients (34 eyes) aged 50 to 83y underwent cataract surgery with implantation of an aspheric, aberration correcting IOL (Tecnis ZCB00, Abbott Medical Optics). Three months after surgery they were examined for uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), contrast sensitivity (CS) under photopic and mesopic conditions with and without glare source, ocular high order aberrations (HOA, Zywave II) and retinal straylight (C-Quant).

RESULTS

Postoperatively, patients achieved a postoperative CDVA of 0.0 logMAR or better in 97.1% of eyes. Mean values of high order abberations were +0.02±0.27 (primary coma components) and -0.04±0.16 (spherical aberration term). Straylight values of the C-Quant were 1.35±0.44 log which is within normal range of age matched phakic patients. The CS measurements under mesopic and photopic conditions in combination with and without glare did not show any statistical significance in the patient group observed (P≥0.28).

CONCLUSION

The implantation of an aspherical aberration correcting monofocal IOL after cataract surgery resulted in very low residual higher order aberration (HOA) and normal straylight.

The Optical Performance of Spherical and Aspheric Intraocular Lenses in Pediatric Eyes: A Comparative Study

PURPOSE

To compare the optical performance of aspheric intraocular lenses (IOLs) designed to correct the corneal spherical aberration versus spherical IOLs in pediatric eyes after cataract surgery.

METHODS

In this prospective study, 40 eyes of patients 6 to 16 years old with developmental cataract were randomly assigned to receive a spherical IOL or an aspheric IOL after pediatric cataract surgery. At 3 months postoperatively, the outcomes compared between the two groups were best-corrected visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and wavefront aberrometry.

RESULTS

The mean best-corrected visual acuity was 0.32 ± 0.19 logMAR in the spherical IOL group and 0.28 ± 0.16 logMAR in the aspheric IOL group (P = .179). The aspheric IOL group showed better contrast sensitivity at 1.5, 3, and 6 cycles per degree than the spherical IOL group (P < .05). Total ocular aberrations, higher-order aberrations, and spherical aberrations were significantly lower in the aspheric IOL group (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest that aspheric IOLs compensate for the spherical aberration of pediatric eyes. In comparison to spherical IOLs, eyes with aspheric IOLs had decreased ocular aberrations, particularly spherical aberration, which contributed to better contrast sensitivity in these eyes. Further studies are required to evaluate the role of aspheric IOLs in children.

Higher order aberration comparison between two aspherical intraocular lenses: MC6125AS and Akreos advanced optics

AIM

To compare higher order aberrations in two aspherical intraocular lenses (IOLs): Akreos advanced optics (AO) and Dr. Schmidt Microcrystalline 6125 aspheric anterior surface (MC6125AS) with each other.

METHODS

Forty eyes of 39 patients underwent phacoemulsification and Akreos AO and MC6125AS were implanted in their eyes in a random manner. Three months post-operatively, higher order aberrations including spherical aberration, coma aberration, and total aberrations were measured and compared.

RESULTS

The total aberration was 0.24±0.17 in eyes with Dr. Schmidt and 0.20±0.01 in eyes with Akreos AO (P=0.361). The mean of coma aberration was 0.17±0.21 and 0.09±0.86 in Dr. Schmidt and Akreos lenses, respectively (P=0.825). Total spherical aberration was almost the same in both groups (Mean: 0.05, P=0.933). Best corrected visual acuity in Akreos AO (0.10±0.68) and Dr. Schmidt (0.09±0.67) did not differ significantly (P=0.700).

CONCLUSION

There is no statistically significant difference in the higher order aberrations between these two aspherical lenses.

Effect of an aspheric intraocular lens on the ocular wave-front adjusted for pupil size and capsulorhexis size

PURPOSE

To compare the ocular wave-front of eyes with silicone Intraocular lens (IOLs) with aspheric and spherical optics after cataract surgery, taking into account the patient's pupil size under reading conditions and after pupil dilatation.

METHODS

In this institutional prospective, randomized, controlled, patient and examiner masked, bilateral trial with intra-individual comparison, 60 eyes of 30 patients with bilateral age-related cataract were included. Each patient received a spherical IOL (CeeOn Edge, 911A, AMO, Santa Ana, CA, USA) in one eye and an aspheric IOL (Tecnis, Z9000, AMO) in the contra-lateral eye. Exclusion criteria were other ocular pathologies, capsular changes or zonular weakness. The main outcome variable was spherical aberration of the ocular wave-front under mesopic pupil conditions measured 2 years after surgery. Additional outcome variables were visual acuity and photopic and mesopic contrast sensitivity.

RESULTS

There was no significant difference in visual acuity between the two IOL types under physiological pupil conditions and also not after pupil dilation. However, spherical aberrations were significantly lower with the aspheric IOL (SA: spherical 0.38 μm, SD: 0.11 μm; aspheric 0.10 μm, SD: 0.13 μm; p < 0.01), and there was a significant difference in contrast sensitivity at 12 cycles/degree.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first randomized and masked trial on visual function and ocular wave-front after implantation with this silicone aspheric IOL, taking the patients' own pupil size into account. The effect on visual function was detectable for mesopic contrast sensitivity, but there was no difference in visual acuity. The SA was found to be significantly lower under physiological pupil conditions as well as when recalculated for the rhexis size and under pharmacological dilatation.

Comparison of visual quality between aspheric and spherical IOLs

PURPOSE

To determine if aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) implantation produces the same degree of postoperative ocular aberration and contrast sensitivity as spherical IOL implantation.

METHODS

In this randomized prospective comparative study, 60 eyes of 30 cataract surgery patients were randomly assigned to receive a spherical IOL (Rayner 620H) in one eye and an aspheric IOL (Rayner 920H) in the contralateral eye. All patients were examined at 1 month postoperatively. Primary outcomes of contrast sensitivity and ocular wavefront higher order aberrations (HOAs) were assessed.

RESULTS

Aspheric IOLs (median total HOAs 0.26 root mean square [RMS]; range 0.13-0.82 RMS) produced significantly lower total HOAs than spherical IOLs (median total HOAs 0.34 RMS; range 0.18-1.08 RMS; p<0.05). Contrast sensitivity was significantly better with aspheric IOLs (median contrast sensitivity 1.8 log units; range 1.35-1.8 log units) than with spherical IOLs (median contrast sensitivity 1.65 log units; range 1.35-1.8 log units; p<0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

When compared with a structurally (platform and material) similar spherical IOL (Rayner 620H), aspheric IOLs (Rayner 920H) appear to significantly reduce HOAs and yield better levels of contrast sensitivity under photopic conditions.

Clinical properties of a novel, glistening-free, single-piece, hydrophobic acrylic IOL

A new, single-piece, hydrophobic acrylic lens – the first constructed with a lens optic and haptics comprised of a hydroxyethyl methacrylate-polyethylene glycol phenyl ether acrylate–styrene copolymer, cross-linked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and labeled as “glistening-free” – was recently introduced globally. Glistenings have been a significant source of clinical concern with previous hydrophobic lens designs. This new monofocal lens provides enhanced, clear optics for lens-based surgery. The superior optical clarity of this lens is achieved through the elimination of glistenings, enhanced surface durability, high refractive index, a high Abbe number, and an aspheric design. Additionally, the lens design reduces the risk of developing posterior capsule opacification.

Comparison of Far and near Contrast Sensitivity in Patients Symmetrically Implanted with Multifocal and Monofocal Iols

Purpose

A prospective, randomized, double-masked, clinical trial was designed to evaluate distance and near contrast sensitivity (CS) in patients symmetrically, and randomly, implanted with 4 different multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL) designs (ReSTOR SN6AD1, ReSTOR SN60D3, ReZoom NXG, and Tecnis ZMA00) and a monofocal control group (Tecnis ZA9003), 6 months after cataract intervention.

Methods

Photopic, mesopic, and mesopic with glare distance CS, as well as photopic near CS, was evaluated with the CSV-1000 CS test and the Vistech VCTS 6000 system, respectively, in a group of 180 patients attending the ophthalmology department of Sant Pau Hospital, Barcelona, for cataract intervention and lens implantation.

Results

Statistically and clinically significant differences were found between the monofocal and multifocal lens groups at all spatial frequencies and illumination conditions, both during distance and near CS evaluation (all p<0.05), with the monofocal lens offering the best performance in all cases. Contrast sensitivity was similarly compromised in all MIOL models at distance, although MIOLs with diffractive optics and aspheric profiles showed a non–statistically significant trend to perform better in mesopic conditions. Near CS was lower for refractive, distance dominant lens designs, particularly at medium to high spatial frequencies.

Conclusions

The present results, which reflect intraocular lens (IOL) characteristics in optics, profile, and add power, may contribute to help surgeons decide on the type of IOL most suitable for each patient by taking into consideration the individual needs for critical distance and near vision, both in terms of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity.

Visual outcome and optical quality after bilateral implantation of aspheric diffractive multifocal, aspheric monofocal and spherical monofocal intraocular lenses: a prospective comparison

AIM

To evaluate the visual function after bilateral implantation of aspheric diffractive multifocal Tecnis ZMA00, aspheric monofocal ZA9003 versus spherical monofocal Akreos Adapt intraocular lenses (IOLs).

METHODS

Tecnis ZMA00, Tecnis ZA9003 or Akreos Adapt IOLs were bilaterally implanted in 180 eyes from 90 patients. The following parameters were assessed 3 months postoperatively: monocular and binocular uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and distance-corrected visual acuity (DCVA) for distance, intermediate and near, spherical aberration (SA), contrast and glare sensitivity, near point refractive power, uncorrected and best-corrected near stereoscopic acuity (NSA). Patient satisfaction was assessed by a questionnaire.

RESULTS

Three months postoperatively, the monocular and binocular UCVA and DCVA at near of Tecnis ZMA00 were significantly better than other two groups. The mean SA for 5.0mm optical zone in Tecnis ZMA00 and Tecnis ZA9003 was significantly lower than that in Akreos Adapt. Mean contrast sensitivity and glare sensitivity were better for Tecnis ZA9003 group than for other two groups. Patients with Tecnis ZMA00 had higher monocular and binocular near point refractive power and uncorrected NSA than monofocal groups. The patients in Tecnis ZMA00 had higher mean values for halo compared with other two groups.

CONCLUSION

Tecnis ZMA00 provided better near VA and uncorrected NSA and higher near point refractive power than monofocal IOLs and patients were spectacle independent. The IOLs with Tecnis aspheric design improved contrast and glare sensitivity. Patients with Tecnis ZMA00 reported more disturbances on visual phenomena of halo.

The impact on vision of aspheric to spherical monofocal intraocular lenses in cataract surgery: a systematic review with meta-analysis

PURPOSE

To provide a summary of the impact on vision of an aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) compared with a spherical IOL in cataract surgery.

DESIGN

Systematic review with meta-analysis.

PARTICIPANTS

Patients from published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of cataract surgery with aspheric compared with spherical monofocal IOL implantation.

METHODS

We systematically searched the peer-reviewed literature in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, BIOSIS, and the Cochrane Library according to the Cochrane Collaboration method to identify relevant RCTs. The inclusion criteria were RCTs on cataract surgery comparing the use of aspheric versus spherical IOL implantation that assessed visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, or quality of vision. The effects were calculated as mean differences or standardized mean differences (Hedges' g) and pooled using random-effect models.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, and subjective perception of the quality of vision.

RESULTS

Forty-three studies provided data and were included, comprising 2076 eyes implanted with aspheric IOLs and 2034 eyes implanted with spherical IOLs. The BCVA showed a significant difference for aspheric IOLs (-0.01 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.02 to -0.00). For contrast sensitivity, a significant advantage for aspheric IOLs was found under photopic and mesopic light conditions (photopic: Hedges' g 0.42, 95% CI 0.24-0.61 (3 cycles per degree [cpd]) to 0.53, 95% CI 0.33-0.73 (12 cpd); mesopic: Hedges' g 0.49, 95% CI 0.23-0.75 (1.5 cpd) to 0.76, 95% CI 0.52-1.00 (18 cpd)). Questionnaires targeting the subjective perception of quality of vision yielded less conclusive results.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, a patient may achieve better contrast sensitivity with an aspheric IOL than with a spherical IOL, especially under dim light. There was no clinically relevant difference in BCVA between aspheric and spherical IOL implantation. The findings on the subjective perception of visual quality were heterogeneous with no clear result favoring either option.

[Use of "mix-and-match" aspheric intraocular lenses in cataract surgery to enhance depth of field and stereoscopic performance]

INTRODUCTION

One of the remaining challenges in cataract surgery is to compensate for lost accommodative function. The purpose of our study is to evaluate reading ability with a combination of two different aspheric intraocular lenses.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This retrospective study included 40 eyes (20 patients). The control group (28 eyes, 14 patients) received two negative aspheric intraocular lenses (Acrismart 36A(®), Carl Zeiss Meditec), while the aspheric-optimized group (12 eyes, six patients) received an AcriSmart 36A(®) in the dominant eye and a zero-aspheric intraocular lens (Acrismart 46 LC(®), Carl Zeiss Meditec) in the fellow eye. Patients with corneal asphericity between 0.15 and 0.30 μm and a bilateral monocular postoperative visual acuity of at least 20/20 were eligible for inclusion. Uncorrected and best corrected visual acuity was measured for near, intermediate and distance vision. Corneal and total higher-order aberrations, monocular and binocular defocus curve, and stereoscopic performance were assessed.

RESULTS

Postoperative spherical equivalent and best corrected distance visual acuity were not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.11 and P=0.82 respectively). However, the aspheric-optimized group (36A(®)/46 LC(®)) exhibited better near and intermediate visual acuity (P<0.05), and better stereoscopic vision (P=0.027).

DISCUSSION

The depth of field results in pseudophakes implanted with "mix-and-match" aspheric lenses demonstrates that the binocular combination of two different aspheric profiles seems to improve near vision without affecting stereoscopic vision.

Visual and optical performance of eyes with different corneal spherical aberration implanted with aspheric intraocular lens

AIM

To compare the visual and optical performance of eyes with different corneal spherical aberration (SA) implanted with spherical aberration-free intraocular lens (IOLs).

METHODS

Thirty-six patients with different corneal SA had phacoemulsification with implantation of spherical aberration-free IOLs. Patients were divided into 3 groups according to the value of preoperative corneal SA. Eyes with corneal SA <0.10µm were assigned to group A, those with 0.10 ≤corneal SA <0.20µm to Group B, and those with 0.20≤ corneal SA <0.35µm to Group C. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, corneal SA, total ocular aberrations, and depth of focus were recorded 3 months postoperatively. Distance-corrected near and intermediate visual acuity was studied to measure depth of focus.

RESULTS

BCVA and contrast sensitivity were similar between groups. There were no significant differences in distance-corrected near or intermediate visual acuity. Corneal SA was similar before and 3 months after surgery in the 3 groups. With a 5.0mm pupil diameter, root mean square values for total ocular higher-order aberrations (HOAs) were lower in groups A and B than in group C. Total ocular SA was lower in group A than in groups B and C. SA was also lower in group B than in group C. Coma and trefoil were similar between the groups.

CONCLUSION

Implantation of spherical aberration-free IOLs in eyes with different corneal SA results in similar visual performance at BCVA, contrast sensitivity and depth of focus.

Visual performance of the Tecnis one-piece lens ZCB00

Synopsis

The aspheric, one-piece design of the Tecnis^® ZCB00 intraocular lens provided higher mesopic contrast sensitivity and relatively constant refraction at different pupil sizes compared to the Sensar^® AR40e.

Purpose

Comparing the impact on functional vision of the aspheric Tecnis^® ZCB00 one-piece lens compared to the spherical Sensar^® AR40e three-piece lens.

Setting

National Eye Hospital, Cairo, Egypt.

Methods

In this prospective study, we implanted 32 Tecnis ZCB00 (Abbott Medical Optics, Santa Ana, CA) and 30 Sensar AR40e (Pharamacia and Upjohn LLC, North Peapack, NJ) lenses. Twenty-three patients in the ZCB00 group and 13 patients in the AR40e group provided reliable, reproducible data, and were therefore included in the statistical analysis. After 8 weeks, we measured photopic contrast sensitivity (PCS) at 85 cd/m² and mesopic contrast sensitivity (MCS) at 5 cd/m². Uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity were measured. Myopic shift was analyzed by comparing the manifest refraction spherical equivalent at 3 days and 8 weeks after surgery in the normal and dilated pupil.

Results

The Tecnis ZCB00 group showed significantly better MCS than the Sensar AR40e group at a spatial frequency of six cycles per degree (cpd) (P = 0.037), but not at 3, 12, or 18 cpd (P = 0.299, P = 0.226, and P = 0.396, respectively). There were no significant differences between groups in corrected distance visual acuity (P = 0.175) or PCS at 3, 6, 12, or 18 cpd spatial frequencies (P = 0.440, P = 0.176, P = 0.365, and P = 0.251, respectively). The ZCB00 group showed less myopic shift in normal and dilated pupils between 3 days and 8 weeks after surgery compared to the AR40e group, but this difference was not significant.

Conclusion

The Tecnis one-piece ZCB00 provided higher MCS at moderate spatial frequency than the three-piece Sensar AR40e, and was associated with relatively constant refraction at different pupil sizes.

New insight into visual function with aspherical intraocular lenses (IOLs): Tecnis ZCB00 and Acrysof SN60WF

In this study, we investigated the visual performance of two aspherical intraocular lenses (IOLs), Tecnis ZCB00 and Acrysof SN60WF, by measuring high-order aberration, visual evoked potentials (VEP), retinal sensitivity, and fixation stability by MP-1 microperimetry and contrast sensitivity values. Twenty-two patients with age-related cataract were randomly allocated to either the Tecnis or the Acrysof group. All measurements were taken from patients of both groups 2 months postoperatively. Statistical analysis was performed with Student's t test, where P-values < 0.05 were considered significant. Results were not statistically significant with regard to high-order aberration, VEP, retinal sensitivity, and fixation stability. However, the contrast sensitivity values varied significantly between Tecnis ZCB00 and Acrysof SN60WF, with Tecnis ZCB00 performing better. The anterior aspherical surface design of the Tecnis IOL indicated better mesopic contrast sensitivity at mediate and high frequencies, ensuring a better quality of vision after cataract surgery.

Lack of Effect of Intraocular Lens Asphericity on Visual Performance with Acrylic Intraocular Lenses

Purpose.

To determine whether implantation of acrylic intraocular lens (IOL) with aspheric design (Tecnis Z9003, AMO) results in improved visual acuity or contrast sensitivity compared with conventional spherical acrylic IOL (AR40e, AMO).

Methods.

In an intraindividual randomized prospective study of 60 patients with bilateral cataract, the Tecnis Z9003 IOL was compared with the AR40e IOL. Ocular aberrations for a 4.0-mm pupil and 6.0-mm pupil were measured with a Hartmann-Shack aberrometer. Quality of vision was measured using visual acuity and contrast sensitivity under mesopic and photopic conditions.

Results.

Eyes with the Tecnis Z9003 IOL had significantly less spherical aberration and greater Strehl ratio after surgery, showing a better optical quality in comparison with the standard spherical IOL. However, visual acuity and both mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivity were not significantly different between the groups.

Conclusions.

The significantly better optical quality achieved with the aspheric acrylic IOL design did not result in improved visual acuity or contrast sensitivity in comparison with a conventional spherical acrylic IOL.

Objective evaluation of through-focus optical performance of presbyopia-correcting intraocular lenses using an optical bench system

PURPOSE

TO evaluate spherical aberration and through-focus optical performances of 5 presbyopia-correcting and 2 monofocal intraocular lenses (IOLs).

SETTING

Flaum Eye Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.

DESIGN

Experimental study.

METHODS

Five presbyopia-correcting IOLs (Restor +4D SN6AD3, Restor +3D SN6AD1, Rezoom NXG1, Tecnis multifocal ZM900, Crystalens HD500) were tested using an optical bench system consisting of a model eye, a high-resolution Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor, and an image-capturing device. Two monofocal IOLs (Sofport AO LI60AOV, Acrysof SN60AT) were measured for comparison. No accommodation was simulated. The spherical aberration profiles of each IOL were measured using the wavefront sensor. Through-focus performance was evaluated by calculating cross-correlation coefficients and comparing the likenesses of captured images of a resolution target and a perfect reference image.

RESULTS

With a 5.0 mm entrance pupil, the SN6AD3, SN6AD1, ZM900, NXG1, and HD500 IOLs had spherical aberration of -0.18 μm, -0.14 μm, -0.15 μm, -0.07 μm, and -0.01 μm, respectively. Distance image quality was poorer with multifocal and accommodating IOLs than with monofocal IOLs. All multifocal IOLs had effective distance and near image quality but had a loss in intermediate image quality. The HD 500 accommodating IOL had decreased distance image quality and slightly increased depth of focus compared with the monofocal IOLs because of the bispheric design.

CONCLUSIONS

The presbyopia-correcting IOLs had different optical characteristics, including spherical aberration profile and through-focus performance. An accurate understanding of the optical characteristics of individual IOLs is essential to selecting the best presbyopia-correcting IOL and thus improving cataract surgery outcomes.

FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE

No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

Comparison of optical aberrations and contrast sensitivity between aspheric and spherical intraocular lenses

PURPOSE

To compare visual acuity, aberrometry, and contrast sensitivity in patients who had a spherical intraocular lens (IOL) (SoFlex SE, Bausch & Lomb) implanted in one eye and an aspheric IOL (SofPort AO, Bausch & Lomb) implanted in the fellow eye during uncomplicated cataract surgery.

METHODS

A prospective, multicenter, double-blind study was performed. Forty patients (80 eyes) underwent bilateral phacoemulsification with implantation of a spherical IOL in one eye and an aspheric IOL in the fellow eye. Postoperatively, visual acuity, aberrometry, and contrast sensitivity tests were performed. Statistical analyses were performed using Student t and Wilcoxon tests, and mixed effects were used for each contrast condition situation.

RESULTS

Thirty-nine patients (30 women, 9 men; 78 eyes) with a mean age of 69.3±6.17 years (range: 51 to 82 years) completed the study. No statistical differences were found regarding visual acuity among eyes. Lower levels of higher order aberrations were achieved in the aspheric group. No statistical difference between groups under photopic conditions was noted. In low spatial frequencies, better performance was observed with the aspheric IOL under mesopic conditions. In high spatial frequencies, the spherical IOL produced better quality of vision. Comparing mesopic conditions with glare, visual performance was statistically better using the aspheric IOL.

CONCLUSIONS

Cataract surgery results cannot be measured by means of visual acuity alone. Quality of vision must be considered, and implantation of IOLs with low levels of spherical aberrations and better contrast sensitivity are preferred. In this study, the aspheric IOL demonstrated better visual function, especially at night, when compared with spherical IOLs.

Prospective multicenter trial assessing effectiveness, refractive predictability and safety of a new aberration free, bi-aspheric intraocular lens

PURPOSE

To determine the effectiveness and safety of the Softec HD IOL; and to present refractive outcomes for lenses manufactured at an IOL power tolerance of 0.11 D.

METHODS

Three-hundred and ninety adult patients requiring removal of a cataractous lens with implantation of a monofocal IOL in at least one eye were eligible for study participation across eight US investigative sites. Patients were enrolled unilaterally. After routine surgery, subjects were examined for adverse events (AEs), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and manifest refraction correction at 12 months postoperatively.

RESULTS

Three-hundred and sixty-six (95%) of patients completed the 12-month postoperative visit. The percent of patients achieving best corrected Snellen acuity 20/40 or better was 98.9%, and 81.1% of patients achieved best corrected Snellen acuity 20/25 or better. Of those patients (80%) implanted with a lens available in 0.25 D increments (manufactured at a tolerance of 0.11 D) 40.9%, 69.8% and 93.8% of patients were within ±0.25 D, ±0.50 D and ±1.0 D of predicted target refraction respectively. Overall incidence of cumulative and persistent IOL Grid AEs was 2.2% with no AE meeting or exceeding the FDA Grid of Historical Controls.

CONCLUSIONS

The Softec HD IOL is a safe and effective lens. The high manufacturing tolerance of the lens appears to enhance refractive outcomes.

Comparison of clinical outcomes with three different aspheric intraocular lenses

PURPOSE

To compare the quality of vision achieved with different aspheric intraocular lens (IOL) implants.

METHODS

This prospective, comparative and randomized study included 90 eyes that underwent phacoemulsification and implantation with one of three different aspheric IOLs. Patients were assigned randomly to receive one type of aspheric IOL: Tecnis Z9003(®) (Advanced Medical Optics, Santa Ana, California, USA) (Group A), Acrysof IQ SN60WF(®) (Alcon Laboratories, Fort Worth, Texas, USA) (Group B) or Akreos ADAPT-AO(®) (Bausch & Lomb, Rochester, New York, USA) (Group C). Ophthalmic examinations, including uncorrected visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refractive error, wavefront analysis, contrast sensitivity under mesopic and photopic conditions, and a subjective questionnaire, were performed postoperatively.

RESULTS

The mean BCVA, mean refractive error and high-order aberrations were not significantly different among the three groups. The spherical aberrations were 0.0021 ± 0.096 for group A, 0.048 ± 0.071 for group B and 0.11 ± 0.089 for group C, indicating a significantly lower magnitude in group A (p = 0.012). In addition, group A showed significantly better results in contrast sensitivity under mesopic (p = 0.042) and photopic (p = 0.047, 0.049) conditions at low spatial frequencies. Nevertheless, postoperative patient satisfaction was not different among the three groups.

CONCLUSION

The Tecnis Z9003(®) IOL reduced spherical aberrations and improved contrast sensitivity under mesopic and photopic conditions at low spatial frequencies. Nevertheless, the final visual quality was not different among the three groups.