1
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An M, Heo H, Park J, Jeong HS, Kim Y, Lee J. Unsaponifiable Matter from Wheat Bran Cultivated in Korea Inhibits Hepatic Lipogenesis by Activating AMPK Pathway. Foods 2023; 12:4016. [PMID: 37959135 PMCID: PMC10650137 DOI: 10.3390/foods12214016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Unsaponifiable matter (USM) from wheat bran, a by-product obtained from wheat milling, is abundant in health-promoting compounds such as phytosterols, tocopherols, policosanols, and alkylresorcinols. This study aimed to examine the effects of USM from the wheat bran of normal and waxy type wheat, Saekeumkang (SKK) and Shinmichal (SMC), on hepatic lipid accumulation in free fatty acid (FFA)-induced hepatocytes and to investigate the cellular mechanism. The total phytochemical contents were 46.562 g/100 g USM and 38.130 g/100 g USM from SKK and SMC, respectively. FFA treatment increased intracellular lipid accumulation by approximately 260% compared to the control group; however, treatment with USM from SKK and SMC significantly attenuated lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, USM downregulated the expression of lipogenic factors such as fatty acid synthase and sterol regulatory-element-binding protein 1c by approximately 40% compared to the FFA treatment group. Treatment with USM promoted lipolysis and positively regulated the expression of the proteins involved in β-oxidation, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α and its downstream protein, carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A. Moreover, the blockade of AMPK activation significantly abolished the inhibitory effects of USM on hepatic lipid accumulation. These results indicated that the USM from both SKK and SMC can alleviate lipid accumulation in hepatocytes in an AMPK-dependent manner. Therefore, USM from wheat bran may be useful as a therapeutic intervention for treating metabolic-dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minju An
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (M.A.); (H.H.); (H.-S.J.)
| | - Huijin Heo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (M.A.); (H.H.); (H.-S.J.)
| | - Jinhee Park
- Wheat Research Team, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea;
| | - Heon-Sang Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (M.A.); (H.H.); (H.-S.J.)
| | - Younghwa Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungsung University, Busan 48434, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea; (M.A.); (H.H.); (H.-S.J.)
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2
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Wagner W, Sobierajska K, Pułaski Ł, Stasiak A, Ciszewski WM. Whole grain metabolite 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid is a beneficial nutritional molecule with the feature of a double-edged sword in human health: a critical review and dietary considerations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-19. [PMID: 37096487 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2203762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Nonprocessed foodstuffs of plant origin, especially whole-grain cereals, are considered to be health-promoting components of the human diet. While most of their well-studied effects derive from their high fiber content and low glycemic index, the presence of underrated phenolic phytonutrients has recently been brought to the attention of nutritionists. In this review, we report and discuss findings on the sources and bioactivities of 3,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (3,5-DHBA), which is both a direct dietary component (found, e.g., in apples) and, more importantly, a crucial metabolite of whole-grain cereal-derived alkylresorcinols (ARs). 3,5-DHBA is a recently described exogenous agonist of the HCAR1/GPR81 receptor. We concentrate on the HCAR1-mediated effects of 3,5-DHBA in the nervous system, on the maintenance of cell stemness, regulation of carcinogenesis, and response to anticancer therapy. Unexpectedly, malignant tumors take advantage of HCAR1 expression to sense 3,5-DHBA to support their growth. Thus, there is an urgent need to fully identify the role of whole-grain-derived 3,5-DHBA during anticancer therapy and its contribution in the regulation of vital organs of the body via its specific HCAR1 receptor. We discuss here in detail the possible consequences of the modulatory capabilities of 3,5-DHBA in physiological and pathological conditions in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Wagner
- Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Pułaski
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Laboratory of Transcriptional Regulation, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Stasiak
- Department of Hormone Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech M Ciszewski
- Department of Molecular Cell Mechanisms, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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3
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Dornan K, Gunenc A, Oomah BD, Hosseinian F. Odd chain fatty acids and odd chain phenolic lipids (alkylresorcinols) are essential for diet. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Dornan
- Food Science, Chemistry Department Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - Aynur Gunenc
- Food Science, Chemistry Department Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
| | - B. Dave Oomah
- (Retired) Formerly with Summerland Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada Summerland British Columbia Canada
| | - Farah Hosseinian
- Food Science, Chemistry Department Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
- Institute of Biochemistry Carleton University Ottawa Ontario Canada
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4
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Oliveira LA, Macedo MM, Rodrigues JLS, Lima ES, Hamill PG, Dallas TD, Lima MP, Souza ES, Hallsworth JE, Souza JVB. Plant metabolite 5-pentadecyl resorcinol is produced by the Amazonian fungus Penicillium sclerotiorum LM 5679. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 82:e241863. [PMID: 34133562 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.241863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the classic studies of Alexander Flemming, Penicillium strains have been known as a rich source of antimicrobial substances. Recent studies have identified novel metabolites produced by Penicillium sclerotiorum that have antibacterial, antifouling and pharmaceutical activities. Here, we report the isolation of a P. sclerotiorum (LM 5679) from Amazonian soil and carry out a culture-based study to determine whether it can produce any novel secondary metabolite(s) that are not thus-far reported for this genus. Using a submerged culture system, secondary metabolites were recovered by solvent extract followed by thin-layer chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectroscopy. One novel secondary metabolite was isolated from P. sclerotiorum (LM 5679); the phenolic compound 5-pentadecyl resorcinol widely known as an antifungal, that is produced by diverse plant species. This metabolite was not reported previously in any Penicillium species and was only found once before in fungi (that time, in a Fusarium). Here, we discuss the known activities of 5-pentadecyl resorcinol in the context of its mode-of-action as a hydrophobic (chaotropicity-mediated) stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Oliveira
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - M M Macedo
- Centro Universitário do Norte - UNINORTE, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - J L S Rodrigues
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - E S Lima
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas - UFAM, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - P G Hamill
- Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast, UK
| | - T D Dallas
- Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast, UK
| | - M P Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Departamento de Produtos Naturais, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - E S Souza
- Universidade do Estado do Amazonas - UEA, Manaus, AM, Brasil
| | - J E Hallsworth
- Queen's University Belfast, Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Belfast, UK
| | - J V B Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA, Laboratório de Micologia, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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5
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Composition, characteristics and health promising prospects of black wheat: A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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6
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Magnucka EG, Oksińska MP, Pietr SJ. Monitoring of changes in 5- n-alkylresorcinols during wheat seedling development. Z NATURFORSCH C 2021; 76:67-70. [PMID: 32915769 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2020-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
For seven days of wheat growth, caryopsis remained the main source of 5-n-alkylresorcinols with C19 and/or C21 homolog as a main compound. Shoot contained small amount of these phenolic lipids; their average content was 3.23% of level obtained in the whole seedling. Moreover, 41.38% of resorcinolic lipids of seven-day-old shoot was accumulated in part of leaf covered by coleoptile. Interestingly, a removal of 1.07% of the primary pool of kernel alkylresorcinols by short-term washing (10 s) of wheat seed with acetone before planting decreased their level only in seed of seven-day old seedling. Compared to the respective controls, this treatment did not affect the amount of these lipids in the green part of seedling that proved that de novo synthesis of 5-n-alkylresorcinols takes place in shoots. The very similar homolog profiles of these lipids in four- and seven-day-old shoots turned out to be markedly less diversified than those found in respective seed samples. Compared to the mature wheat caryopsis, the rise in the content of very-long-chain homologs was observed only in the oldest shoot. Their increased accumulation was probably connected with formation of cuticular layer providing the defensive barrier against various phytopathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta G Magnucka
- Agricultural Microbiology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, Wrocław, 50-375, Poland
| | - Małgorzata P Oksińska
- Agricultural Microbiology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, Wrocław, 50-375, Poland
| | - Stanisław J Pietr
- Agricultural Microbiology Lab, Department of Plant Protection, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Grunwaldzka 53, Wrocław, 50-375, Poland
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7
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Zou Y, Fan F, Fang Y, Li P, Xia J, Shen X, Liu Q, Hu Q. Neuroprotective Effect of Alkylresorcinols from Wheat Bran in HT22 Cells: Correlation with in vitro Antioxidant Activity. EFOOD 2021. [DOI: 10.2991/efood.k.210125.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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8
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Kowalska I, Jędrejek D. Benzoxazinoid and alkylresorcinol content, and their antioxidant potential, in a grain of spring and winter wheat cultivated under different production systems. J Cereal Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2020.103063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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Assessment of phytochemical compounds in functional couscous: Determination of free and bound phenols and alkylresorcinols. Food Res Int 2020; 130:108970. [PMID: 32156404 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the content of free and bound phenols and alkylresorcinols in functional couscous enriched with barley coarse fraction obtained by air classification. Two different levels of enriched barley flour (20 and 30%) were used for the formulation of couscous and they were compared with a control couscous made with 100% of semolina. HPLC-ESI-TOF-MS was used to determine the phenolic composition in couscous samples. Total free phenolic compounds content in control couscous was 182 μg/100 g d.m. This amount increases significantly when coarse barley flour is added reaching value of 2273 μg/100 g d.m. and 2978 μg/100 g d.m. when 20 and 30% of barley coarse fraction was used, respectively. Moreover, the main free phenolic compounds in enriched barley samples are represented by flavan-3-ols. Bound phenols ranged from 5242 μg/100 g d.m. for control couscous to 27,092 μg/100 g d.m. for couscous with 30% of barley coarse fraction with a strong prevalence of phenolic acids. Finally, regarding alkylresorcinol compounds, they ranged from 1.01 mg/g d.m. for control couscous to 2.46 mg/g d.m. for couscous with 30% of barley coarse fraction. In conclusion, on the basis of obtained results, barley coarse fraction can be considered a good ingredient to develop functional couscous naturally enriched of phenolic compounds and alkylresorcinols.
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10
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Non-Destructive Determination of Alkylresorcinol (ARs) Content on Wheat Seed Surfaces and Prediction of ARs Content in Whole-Grain Flour. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071329. [PMID: 30987319 PMCID: PMC6479818 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alkylresorcinols (ARs) are beneficial for human health and can be used as biomarkers for whole-grain cereal intake. In previous studies, ARs content in whole-grain flour was determined by milling the seeds into powder, thus destroying their structure. In this paper, we adopted a non-destructive extraction approach. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extraction methods were carried out to extract lipids from the seed surface and whole-grain flour of 36 wheat varieties in China, respectively. GC-MS analysis identified chemical compounds in which ARs were the major compounds for all the samples. The average total content of ARs (624.223 µg/g) in whole grains was much higher than that on seed surfaces (4.934 µg/g), with a positive correlation (r = 0.863, p < 0.001) between these two parameters. The results suggested that the total ARs content on the seed surface can be used to predict their content in whole-grain flour. Without affecting the seed germination rate and damaging seed structure, we demonstrate that a non-destructive extraction approach is an appropriate and useful method, facilitating the development of rapid screening methods suitable for use in wheat breeding.
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11
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Wang Z, Hao Y, Wang Y, Liu J, Yuan X, Sun B, Wang J. Wheat alkylresorcinols protect human retinal pigment epithelial cells against H2O2-induced oxidative damage through Akt-dependent Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Food Funct 2019; 10:2797-2804. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo02564a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The protective effect of wheat alkylresorcinols (ARs) on human retinal pigment epithelium cells (ARPE-19) against oxidative stress and the possible underlying mechanism were investigated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Wang
- China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing)
- Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Yiming Hao
- China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing)
- Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Yu Wang
- China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing)
- Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Jie Liu
- China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing)
- Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Xiaoping Yuan
- Department of Science and Technology
- China Grain Reserves Corporation
- Beijing 100039
- China
| | - Baoguo Sun
- China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing)
- Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- China
| | - Jing Wang
- China–Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing)
- Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU)
- Beijing 100048
- China
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12
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Liu J, Hao Y, Wang Z, Ni F, Wang Y, Gong L, Sun B, Wang J. Identification, Quantification, and Anti-inflammatory Activity of 5- n-Alkylresorcinols from 21 Different Wheat Varieties. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9241-9247. [PMID: 30107738 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The characteristic constituent and anti-inflammatory activity of 5- n-alkylresorcinols (ARs) from 21 wheat bran samples in China were investigated in this study. The amount of ARs ranged from 697 to 1732 μg/g in the tested samples, which were composed of five different homologues. Among these homologues, C19:0 and C21:0 were the most abundant, followed by C17:0, C23:0, and C25:0. Moreover, the mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in LPS-activated RAW264.7 macrophage cells were significantly inhibited by ARs supplementation. The molecular mechanisms behind its anti-inflammatory activity could result from the suppression of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and JNK/MAPK activation. ARs treatment notably decreased NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and inhibitor κB (IκBα) kinase and JNK phosphorylation. Additionally, ARs homologues C17:0 had been proven to be the main active constituent. The results from this study could be used to promote the comprehensive utilization of wheat and its byproducts in improving human health.
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13
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Gunenc A, Kong L, Elias RJ, Ziegler GR. Inclusion complex formation between high amylose corn starch and alkylresorcinols from rye bran. Food Chem 2018; 259:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.02.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Giambanelli E, Ferioli F, D’Antuono FL. Alkylresorcinols and fatty acids in primitive wheat populations of Italian and Black sea region countries origin. J Food Compost Anal 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Giambanelli E, Ferioli F, D’Antuono LF. Retention of alkylresorcinols, antioxidant activity and fatty acids following traditional hulled wheat processing. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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17
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Di Silvestro R, Di Loreto A, Bosi S, Bregola V, Marotti I, Benedettelli S, Segura-Carretero A, Dinelli G. Environment and genotype effects on antioxidant properties of organically grown wheat varieties: a 3-year study. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:641-649. [PMID: 27133233 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wheat grain (Triticum aestivum L.) possesses significant amounts of antioxidants that contribute to the dietary antiradical protection against a number of chronic diseases. Despite the increasing interest in organic food among both consumers and scientists, the availability of literature studies concerning the environment effect under organic management is still scarce. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant properties of wheat varieties by considering the genotype response to different environmental factors under biodynamic management. RESULTS The soluble fraction of phenolic compounds was mainly determined by the environment, whereas a major genotypic effect was observed for the bound forms, which were present at higher amounts in red grain varieties. Moreover, a predominant effect of genotype was observed for yellow pigment content and antioxidant activity determined by the FRAP method. Despite some changes induced by environment, most genotypes had stable antioxidant properties and different phenolic profiles as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, except for the old variety Inallettabile, which was the most sensitive to environmental fluctuations. CONCLUSION The red grain varieties Andriolo, Gentil rosso and Verna were identified as the most promising breeding material for the development of varieties with high nutraceutical value under low-input management. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Di Silvestro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Alessandro Di Loreto
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Bosi
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Bregola
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Ilaria Marotti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Benedettelli
- Department of Agrifood Production and Environmental Sciences, University of Florence, 50144, Florence, Italy
| | - Antonio Segura-Carretero
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Research and Development of Functional Food Centre (CIDAF), 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Giovanni Dinelli
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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18
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Agil R, Patterson ZR, Mackay H, Abizaid A, Hosseinian F. Triticale Bran Alkylresorcinols Enhance Resistance to Oxidative Stress in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Foods 2016; 5:foods5010005. [PMID: 28231100 PMCID: PMC5224570 DOI: 10.3390/foods5010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Triticale (× Triticosecale Whitm.) is a cereal grain with high levels of alkyresorcinols (AR) concentrated in the bran. These phenolic lipids have been shown to reduce or inhibit triglyceride accumulation and protect against oxidation; however, their biological effects have yet to be evaluated in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of ARs extracted from triticale bran (TB) added to a high–fat diet on the development of obesity and oxidative stress. CF-1 mice were fed a standard low-fat (LF) diet, a 60% high-fat diet (HF) and HF diets containing either 0.5% AR extract (HF-AR), 10% TB (HF-TB), or 0.5% vitamin E (HF-VE). Energy intake, weight gain, glucose tolerance, fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, and body composition were determined. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and glutathione (GSH) assays were performed on mice liver and heart tissues. The findings suggest that ARs may serve as a preventative measure against risks of oxidative damage associated with high-fat diets and obesity through their application as functional foods and neutraceuticals. Future studies aim to identify the in vivo mechanisms of action of ARs and the individual homologs involved in their favorable biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Agil
- Food Science & Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Zachary R Patterson
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Harry Mackay
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Alfonso Abizaid
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
| | - Farah Hosseinian
- Food Science & Nutrition Program, Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
- Institute of Biochemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada.
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19
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Onipe OO, Jideani AIO, Beswa D. Composition and functionality of wheat bran and its application in some cereal food products. Int J Food Sci Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin O. Onipe
- Department of Food Science and Technology School of Agriculture University of Venda Private Bag X5050 Thohoyandou 0950 Limpopo Province South Africa
| | - Afam I. O. Jideani
- Department of Food Science and Technology School of Agriculture University of Venda Private Bag X5050 Thohoyandou 0950 Limpopo Province South Africa
| | - Daniso Beswa
- Department of Food Science and Technology School of Agriculture University of Venda Private Bag X5050 Thohoyandou 0950 Limpopo Province South Africa
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20
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Luthria DL, Lu Y, John KM. Bioactive phytochemicals in wheat: Extraction, analysis, processing, and functional properties. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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21
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Impact of supercritical CO2 and traditional solvent extraction systems on the extractability of alkylresorcinols, phenolic profile and their antioxidant activity in wheat bran. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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22
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Shi Y, Johnson J, O'Shea M, Chu YF. The Bioavailability and Metabolism of Phenolics, a Class of Antioxidants Found in Grains. CEREAL FOOD WORLD 2014. [DOI: 10.1094/cfw-59-2-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Shi
- PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, U.S.A
| | - J. Johnson
- PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, U.S.A
| | - M. O'Shea
- PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, U.S.A
| | - Y.-F. Chu
- PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, Barrington, IL, U.S.A
- Corresponding author. PepsiCo R&D Nutrition, 617 W. Main St., Barrington, IL 60010, U.S.A.Tel: +1.847.304.2006; Fax: +1.847.304.2029
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Prinsen P, Gutiérrez A, Faulds CB, del Río JC. Comprehensive study of valuable lipophilic phytochemicals in wheat bran. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:1664-1673. [PMID: 24450837 DOI: 10.1021/jf404772b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Wheat bran, the major side-stream generated in the milling of wheat grains in the production of white flour, contains significant quantities of carbohydrate and proteins. While not interfering with flour utilization, the bran could be considered as an important feedstock within a biorefinery concept. Wheat bran also contains some amounts of lipids that can be used as a source of valuable phytochemicals. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of the lipid composition of destarched wheat bran demonstrated that the predominant lipids found in wheat bran were free fatty acids (ca. 40% of total lipids), followed by acylglycerols (40%). Additionally, important amounts of alkylresorcinols (13% of total lipids) and steroid compounds (hydrocarbons, ketones, free sterols, sterol glycosides, sterol esters, and sterol ferulates) (7% of total lipids) were also present among the lipids of wheat bran. The use of wheat bran as a valuable source of phytochemicals of interest in the context of a wheat bran biorefinery is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pepijn Prinsen
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla, CSIC , P.O. Box 1052, E- 41080 Seville, Spain
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