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Boggiatto PM, Buckley A, Cassmann ED, Seger H, Olsen SC, Palmer MV. Persistence of viral RNA in North American elk experimentally infected with an ancestral strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Sci Rep 2024; 14:11171. [PMID: 38750049 PMCID: PMC11096316 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) have emerged as a reservoir host for SARS-CoV-2 given their susceptibility to infection and demonstrated high rates of seroprevalence and infection across the United States. As SARS-CoV-2 circulates within free-ranging white-tailed deer populations, there is the risk of transmission to other wildlife species and even back to the human population. The goal of this study was to determine the susceptibility, shedding, and immune response of North American elk (Cervus elaphus canadensis) to experimental infection with SARS-CoV-2, to determine if another wide-ranging cervid species could potentially serve as a reservoir host for the virus. Here we demonstrate that while North American elk do not develop clinical signs of disease, they do develop a neutralizing antibody response to infection, suggesting the virus is capable of replicating in this mammalian host. Additionally, we demonstrate SARS-CoV-2 RNA presence in the medial retropharyngeal lymph nodes of infected elk three weeks after experimental infection. Consistent with previous observations in humans, these data may highlight a mechanism of viral persistence for SARS-CoV-2 in elk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola M Boggiatto
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA.
| | - Alexandra Buckley
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Eric D Cassmann
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Hannah Seger
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research, Ames, IA, USA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, 1299 Bethel Valley Rd., Oak Ridge, TN, 37830, USA
| | - Steven C Olsen
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mitchell V Palmer
- Infectious Bacterial Diseases Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Ames, IA, USA
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2
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You T, Huang W, Huang X, Li E, Liu Y, Xue L, Chen X, Liu SR, Liu F, Bao JF. Early-stage neutralizing antibody level associated with the re-positive risk of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 RNA in patients recovered from COVID-19. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2024; 109:116158. [PMID: 38401184 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Post-discharge re-positivity of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 is challenging for the sufficient control of this pandemic. However, there are few studies about the risk of re-positivity. We aimed to explore the association of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs, AU/mL) with the incidence of re-positivity among patients recovered from COVID-19. A retrospective cohort study selected 318 Omicron-infected patients was conducted in China between December 2021 and April 2022. The peak value of nAb levels (nAb-peak) within 14 days of disease onset was defined as the baseline and was mainly used for the subsequent analyses. In the unadjusted, minimally adjusted, fully adjusted, and additionally adjusted for IgG models, a per-standard deviation (SD) increase in the nAb-peak values was significantly associated with a 59 %, 59 %, 50 %, and 75 % decreased risk of Omicron SARS-CoV-2 re-positivity during post-discharge surveillance, respectively. Stratified analyses showed no significant changes in the relationship between nAbs and re-positivity. Our study suggested that the increase in baseline nAb levels independently associated with a low risk of re-positivity in patients recovered from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting You
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province, PR China; Xixi Hospital Biobank, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Weiqiang Huang
- Department of the Fourth Clinical Medical, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Huang
- Department of medical laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Er Li
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Lizhi Xue
- Department of medical laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Chen
- Department of medical laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Shou-Rong Liu
- Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- Insititute of Hepatology and Epidemiology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, PR China; Xixi Hospital Biobank, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, PR China
| | - Jian-Feng Bao
- Department of Hepatology, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, PR China; Xixi Hospital Biobank, Affiliated Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, PR China.
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3
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Giner J, Lebrero ME, Trotta M, Rueda P, Vilalta L, Verde M, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Pardo J, Lacasta D, Santiago L, Arias M, Peña-Fresneda N, Montesinos A, Pérez MD, Fernández A, Villanueva-Saz S. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in household domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) in Spain, 2019-2023. Vet Res Commun 2024; 48:533-540. [PMID: 37548874 PMCID: PMC10811151 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the causal agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in humans that emerged in late 2019. This virus is able to infect humans and different animal species. Among pets, cats and ferrets are more susceptible to be infected by the SARS-CoV-2. Epidemiological studies are an important tool to provide information under natural conditions of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 virus. In comparison to cats, limited epidemiological studies have been performed in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) reporting the presence of antibodies in this species. This study analysed the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in 432 cliend-owned ferrets from different geographical areas of Spain during the different waves of COVID-19 outbreaks from December 2019 to May 2023 (42 months). For this purpose, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent method (ELISA) using the receptor binding domain (RBD) of Spike antigen and confirmed by serum virus neutralization assay. Eighteen of the 432 ferrets included were seroreactive by the in-house ELISA (4.17%, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.65-6.49). In this sense, the wave of COVID-19 with the higher number of seropositive ferrets occurred during the seventh wave when the different Omicron subvariants were the dominant virus variants. Our results suggest that the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in domestic ferrets in natural conditions is low. Further research is need to evaluate the potential risk of transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from human to pets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacobo Giner
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Lebrero
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Michele Trotta
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pablo Rueda
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Maite Verde
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ramón Hurtado-Guerrero
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Edificio I+D, Campus Rio Ebro, Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon I+D Foundation (ARAID), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Julián Pardo
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Microbiology, Pediatrics, Radiology and Public Health, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Delia Lacasta
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Llipsy Santiago
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maykel Arias
- Aragon Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Andrés Montesinos
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Veterinary Faculty, Univerisdad Complutense Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Veterinario de Animales Exoticos Los Suaces, Madrid, Spain
| | - María D Pérez
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Production and Sciences of the Food, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Antonio Fernández
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sergio Villanueva-Saz
- Clinical Immunology Laboratory, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50013, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Department of Animal Pathology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2 (Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA), Zaragoza, Spain.
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4
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Fajfr M, Pajer P, Ruzek D, Sleha R, Janovska S, Bohonek M, Kabickova H, Kubicková P, Stefanik M, Strakova P, Bostik P. Multicentric evaluation of sensitivity of eight commercial anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays and their correlation to virus neutralization titers in seropositive subjects. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1421. [PMID: 38228735 PMCID: PMC10792077 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51968-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus is mainly based on direct detection. Determination of specific antibodies has been used mostly for epidemiological reasons. However, select immunoassays showed good correlation to plaque reduction virus neutralization test (PRNT) in smaller patient cohorts, which suggests their potential as predictors of virus neutralization titer. A total of 3,699 samples from Covid-19 patients were included in the multicentric study performed in the Czech Republic. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were evaluated by 8 commercial antibody assays. Simultaneously, PRNT evaluations were performed with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.258 variant. All immunoassays showed an overall high true positive diagnostic value ranging from 79.17 to 98.04%. Several commercial EIA methods showed highly positive correlation between the assay results and PRNT levels, e.g., Liaison CoV-2 TrimericS IgG DiaSorin (Spearman r = 0.8833; Architect SASRS-CoV-2 IgG Abbott (r = 0.7298); NovaLisa SARS-CoV-2 IgG NovaTec (r = 0.7103) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG Euroimmun (r = 0.7094). While this correlation was less positive for other assays, those, conversely, presented higher true positive values. For most immunoassays, the positive percent agreement of the results was ≥ 95% in sera exhibiting PRNT levels of 1:80 and higher. The assays tested have shown variable correlation to PRNT. Those possessing high positive predictive values serve well as qualitative tests, while others can be utilised as quantitative tests highly predictive of neutralization antibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Fajfr
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pajer
- Military Health Institute, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Ruzek
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Sleha
- Department of Epidemiology, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Sylva Janovska
- Department of Epidemiology, Military Faculty of Medicine, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Milos Bohonek
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Military University Hospital Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Michal Stefanik
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Military University Hospital Prague, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Strakova
- Department of Virology, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Bostik
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove, 50005, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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5
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O’Reilly S, Kenny G, Alrawahneh T, Francois N, Gu L, Angeliadis M, de Masson d’Autume V, Garcia Leon A, Feeney ER, Yousif O, Cotter A, de Barra E, Horgan M, Mallon PWG, Gautier V. Development of a novel medium throughput flow-cytometry based micro-neutralisation test for SARS-CoV-2 with applications in clinical vaccine trials and antibody screening. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294262. [PMID: 38033116 PMCID: PMC10688860 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantifying neutralising capacity of circulating SARS-COV-2 antibodies is critical in evaluating protective humoral immune responses generated post-infection/post-vaccination. Here we describe a novel medium-throughput flow cytometry-based micro-neutralisation test to evaluate Neutralising Antibody (NAb) responses against live SARS-CoV-2 Wild Type and Variants of Concern (VOC) in convalescent/vaccinated populations. Flow Cytometry-Based Micro-Neutralisation Test (Micro-NT) was performed in 96-well plates using clinical isolates WT-B, WT-B.1.177.18 and/or VOCs Beta and Omicron. Plasma samples (All Ireland Infectious Diseases (AIID) Cohort) were serially diluted (8 points, half-log) from 1:20 and pre-incubated with SARS-CoV-2 (1h, 37°C). Virus-plasma mixture were added onto Vero E6 or Vero E6/TMPRSS2 cells for 18h. Percentage infected cells was analysed by automated flow cytometry following trypsinisation, fixation and SARS-CoV-2 Nucleoprotein intracellular staining. Half-maximal Neutralisation Titres (NT50) were determined using non-linear regression. Our assay was compared to Plaque Reduction Neutralisation Test (PRNT) and validated against the First WHO International Standard for anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin. Both Micro-NT and PRNT achieved comparable NT50 values. Further validation showed adequate correlation with PRNT using a panel of secondary standards of clinical convalescent and vaccinated plasma samples. We found the assay to be reproducible through measuring both repeatability and intermediate precision. Screening 190 convalescent samples and 11 COVID-19 naive controls (AIID cohort) we demonstrated that Micro-NT has broad dynamic range differentiating NT50s <1/20 to >1/5000. We could also characterise immune-escape VOC Beta and Omicron BA.5, achieving fold-reductions in neutralising capacity similar to those published. Our flow cytometry-based Micro-NT is a robust and reliable assay to quantify NAb titres, and has been selected as an endpoint in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie O’Reilly
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Grace Kenny
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tamara Alrawahneh
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Nathan Francois
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lili Gu
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Matthew Angeliadis
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Valentin de Masson d’Autume
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alejandro Garcia Leon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoin R. Feeney
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Obada Yousif
- Endocrinology Department, Wexford General Hospital, Carricklawn, Wexford, Ireland
| | - Aoife Cotter
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Eccles St, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoghan de Barra
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of International Health and Tropical Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Horgan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Patrick W. G. Mallon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Virginie Gautier
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research (CEPHR), University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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6
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Zhou YH, Xu C, Tao Y, Gu M, Zhou G, Zhou W, Jin Y, Xie J, Xu B, Zhou W, Chen J, Shi W. Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children shortly after ending zero-COVID-19 policy in China on December 7, 2022: a cross-sectional, multicenter, seroepidemiological study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1283158. [PMID: 38026391 PMCID: PMC10666904 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1283158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background China discontinued the zero-COVID-19 policy on December 7, 2022, and then COVID-19 surged mid-December 2022 through mid-January 2023. However, the actual incidence was unknown. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children shortly after ending the zero-COVID-19 policy. Methods This multicenter cross-sectional study included 1,065 children aged 8 months to 12 years from seven hospitals at six regions across Jiangsu province, based on the convenience sampling, from February 10 to March 10, 2023. Group I comprised 324 children aged 8 months-2 years without COVID-19 vaccination, group II consisted of 338 preschool children aged 3-5 years with varied vaccination history, and group III contained 403 primary school children aged 6-12 years with mostly vaccinated. The COVID-19 vaccines were composed of inactivated SARS-CoV-2. In addition, 96 children's sera collected in 2014 were included as negative controls. IgG and IgM antibodies against nucleocapsid (N) and subunit 1 of spike (S1) of SARS-CoV-2 (anti-N/S1) were measured with commercial kits (YHLO Biotech, Shenzhen, China). Results None of the 96 children (5.1 ± 3.5 years; 58.3% boys) in 2014 was positive for anti-N/S1 IgG or IgM. Of the 1,065 children (5.0 ± 3.5 years; 56.0% boys), 988 (92.8%) were anti-N/S1 IgG positive but none was anti-N/S1 IgM positive. The positive rate of anti-N/S1 IgG in Group I, II, and III was 90.4, 88.5, and 98.3%, respectively, with significantly higher in group III than in groups I and II (p < 0.0001). The median antibody titers in group III (381.61 AU/ml) were much higher than that in group I (38.34 AU/ml) and II (51.88 AU/ml; p < 0.0001). Conclusion More than 90% children experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection shortly after ending zero-COVID-19 policy in China, much higher than estimated infections by other studies. The widespread SARS-CoV-2 infection in unvaccinated children should be influential on the policy of COVID-19 vaccination in children in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hua Zhou
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenyu Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhenjiang Fourth People’s Hospital, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Tao
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Meng Gu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Changzhou Children's Hospital of Nantong University, Changzhou Children's Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guiping Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yixing Second People’s Hospital, Yixing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Jin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and the Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai’an, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People's Hospital of Xuyi County, Xuyi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Biyun Xu
- Medical Statistics and Analysis Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wensan Zhou
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Junhao Chen
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First People’s Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
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7
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Santos da Silva E, Servais JY, Kohnen M, Arendt V, Staub T, Krüger R, Fagherazzi G, Wilmes P, Hübschen JM, Ollert M, Perez-Bercoff D, Seguin-Devaux C. Validation of a SARS-CoV-2 Surrogate Neutralization Test Detecting Neutralizing Antibodies against the Major Variants of Concern. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14965. [PMID: 37834413 PMCID: PMC10573711 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination elicit a broad range of neutralizing antibody responses against the different variants of concern (VOC). We established a new variant-adapted surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and assessed the neutralization activity against the ancestral B.1 (WT) and VOC Delta, Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and BA.5. Analytical performances were compared against the respective VOC to the reference virus neutralization test (VNT) and two CE-IVD labeled kits using three different cohorts collected during the COVID-19 waves. Correlation analyses showed moderate to strong correlation for Omicron sub-variants (Spearman's r = 0.7081 for BA.1, r = 0.7205 for BA.2, and r = 0.6042 for BA.5), and for WT (r = 0.8458) and Delta-sVNT (r = 0.8158), respectively. Comparison of the WT-sVNT performance with two CE-IVD kits, the "Icosagen SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody ELISA kit" and the "Genscript cPass, kit" revealed an overall good correlation ranging from 0.8673 to -0.8773 and a midway profile between both commercial kits with 87.76% sensitivity and 90.48% clinical specificity. The BA.2-sVNT performance was similar to the BA.2 Genscript test. Finally, a correlation analysis revealed a strong association (r = 0.8583) between BA.5-sVNT and VNT sVNT using a double-vaccinated cohort (n = 100) and an Omicron-breakthrough infection cohort (n = 91). In conclusion, the sVNT allows for the efficient prediction of immune protection against the various VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline Santos da Silva
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (M.O.); (D.P.-B.)
| | - Jean-Yves Servais
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (M.O.); (D.P.-B.)
| | - Michel Kohnen
- National Service of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 4 Rue Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (M.K.); (V.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Vic Arendt
- National Service of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 4 Rue Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (M.K.); (V.A.); (T.S.)
| | - Therese Staub
- National Service of Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 4 Rue Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg; (M.K.); (V.A.); (T.S.)
| | | | | | - Rejko Krüger
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health; Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, 4 rue Ernest Barblé, L-1210 Luxembourg, Luxembourg;
- Translational Neuroscience, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 6 avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1AB Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Systems Ecology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, L-4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg;
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, 6, Avenue du Swing, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Judith M. Hübschen
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (M.O.); (D.P.-B.)
| | - Markus Ollert
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (M.O.); (D.P.-B.)
| | - Danielle Perez-Bercoff
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (M.O.); (D.P.-B.)
| | - Carole Seguin-Devaux
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 29 Rue Henri Koch, L-4354 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (E.S.d.S.); (J.-Y.S.); (J.M.H.); (M.O.); (D.P.-B.)
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Brebant D, Couffignal C, Manchon P, Duquesne S, Picone O, Vauloup-Fellous C. Transplacental transfer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in comparison to other pathogens total antibodies. J Clin Virol 2023; 165:105495. [PMID: 37295035 PMCID: PMC10212596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Due to immaturity of their immune system, passive maternal immunization is essential for newborns during their first months of life. Therefore, in the current context of intense circulation of SARS-CoV-2, identifying factors influencing the transfer ratio (TR) of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (NAb) appears important. METHODS Our study nested in the COVIPREG cohort (NCT04355234), included mothers who had a SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive during their pregnancy and their newborns. Maternal and neonatal NAb levels were measured with the automated iFlash system. RESULTS For the 173 mother-infant pairs included in our study, the median gestational age (GA) at delivery was 39.4 weeks of gestation (WG), and 29.7 WG at maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Using a multivariate logistic model, having a NAb TR above 1 was positively associated with a longer delay from maternal positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR to delivery (aOR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.03 - 1.17) and with a later GA at delivery (aOR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.09 - 2.52). It was negatively associated with being a male newborn (aOR 0.21, 95% CI: 0.07 - 0.59). In 3rd trimester SARS-CoV-2 infected mothers, NAb TR was inferior to VZV, toxoplasmosis, CMV, measle and rubella's TR. However, in 1st or 2nd trimester infected mothers, only measle TR was different from NAb TR. CONCLUSION Male newborn of mothers infected by SARS-CoV-2 during their pregnancy appear to have less protection against SARS-CoV-2 in their first months of life than female newborns. Measle TR was superior to NAb TR even in case of 1st or 2nd trimester maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Future studies are needed to investigate possible differences in transmission of NAb following infection vs vaccination and its impact on TR.
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MESH Headings
- SARS-CoV-2/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Maternal-Fetal Exchange/immunology
- Gestational Age
- Humans
- Male
- Female
- COVID-19/blood
- COVID-19/immunology
- COVID-19/prevention & control
- Delivery, Obstetric
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Pregnancy
- Infant, Newborn
- Sex Characteristics
- COVID-19 Vaccines
- Vaccination
- Pregnancy Complications/blood
- Pregnancy Complications/immunology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/immunology
- Infant, Newborn, Diseases/prevention & control
- Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control
- Paris
- Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane Brebant
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1193, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Virology department, Villejuif 94800, France; Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), France.
| | - Camille Couffignal
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM CIC-EC 1425, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Clinical Research Department, France
| | - Pauline Manchon
- Université Paris Cité, INSERM CIC-EC 1425, AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Clinical Research Department, France
| | - Sandra Duquesne
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1193, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Virology department, Villejuif 94800, France
| | - Olivier Picone
- Université Paris Cité, Hôpital louis Mourier, Obstetrical department, France; IAME U1137, Inserm, Université Paris Cité, France; Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), France
| | - Christelle Vauloup-Fellous
- Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm U1193, AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Virology department, Villejuif 94800, France; Groupe de Recherche sur les Infections pendant la Grossesse (GRIG), France.
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Comparison of a rapid fluorescence immunochromatographic test with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody neutralizing activity. J Virol Methods 2023; 316:114728. [PMID: 37028561 PMCID: PMC10074729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Background SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein Receptor Binding Domain neutralizing antibodies (NAbs-RBD) inhibit the viral binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. We compared an ELISA and a fluorescence immunochromatography(FIC) method in NAbs-RBD detection after COVID-19 immunization. Method Serum samples from healthcare workers(HCWs) vaccinated with BNT162b2 were collected one and four months after the second dose. NAbs-RBD(%) detection was performed using ELISA cPass™(FDA approved) and FIC n-AbCOVID-19® assays. Results Samples from 200 HCWs [median age(IQR): 45(35-53] were tested with both assays. There was a good qualitative agreement between the two methods [AUC: 0.92(95%C.I.: 0.89-0.94, P-value:0.007)]. NAbs-RBD(%), one and four months after immunization, were significantly lower with FIC compared to ELISA for all age groups (P-value<0.0001). The quantitative comparison between FIC and ELISA detected slight agreement one month after the second dose [(Lin’s Concordance Correlation Coefficient(CCC): 0.21(95%CI: 0.15-0.27)] which improved four months after the second dose [CCC: 0.6(95%CI: 0.54-0.66)]. Conclusion FIC had good qualitative agreement with ELISA in the detection of positive NAbs-RBD(%) and could be an alternative for rapid NAbs-RBD(%) testing.
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