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Araujo EMDS, Vidal CDMP, Zhu M, Banas JA, Freitas AZD, Wetter NU, Matos AB. Comparison of biofilm models for producing artificial active white spot lesions. J Appl Oral Sci 2024; 32:e20230458. [PMID: 38922241 PMCID: PMC11182642 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared three protocols for developing artificial white spot lesions (WSL) using biofilm models. METHODOLOGY In total, 45 human enamel specimens were sterilized and allocated into three groups based on the biofilm model: Streptococcus sobrinus and Lactobacillus casei (Ss+Lc), Streptococcus sobrinus (Ss), or Streptococcus mutans (Sm). Specimens were incubated in filter-sterilized human saliva to form the acquired pellicle and then subjected to the biofilm challenge consisting of three days of incubation with bacteria (for demineralization) and one day of remineralization, which was performed once for Ss+Lc (four days total), four times for Ss (16 days total), and three times for Sm (12 days total). After WSL creation, the lesion fluorescence, depth, and chemical composition were assessed using Quantitative Light-induced Fluorescence (QLF), Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM), and Raman Spectroscopy, respectively. Statistical analysis consisted of two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test (α=0.05). WSL created using the Ss+Lc protocol presented statistically significant higher fluorescence loss (ΔF) and integrated fluorescence (ΔQ) in comparison to the other two protocols (p<0.001). RESULTS In addition, Ss+Lc resulted in significantly deeper WSL (137.5 µm), followed by Ss (84.1 µm) and Sm (54.9 µm) (p<0.001). While high mineral content was observed in sound enamel surrounding the WSL, lesions created with the Ss+Lc protocol showed the highest demineralization level and changes in the mineral content among the three protocols. CONCLUSION The biofilm model using S. sobrinus and L. casei for four days was the most appropriate and simplified protocol for developing artificial active WSL with lower fluorescence, higher demineralization, and greater depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Michele Dos Santos Araujo
- The University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research,Iowa City, IA, USA
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Dentística, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Min Zhu
- The University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research,Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Banas
- The University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Iowa Institute for Oral Health Research,Iowa City, IA, USA
- The University of Iowa, College of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Anderson Zanardi de Freitas
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Niklaus Ursus Wetter
- Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares (IPEN), Centro de Lasers e Aplicações, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Adriana Bona Matos
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Dentística, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária, Viseu, Portugal
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Fathy Abo-Elmahasen MM, Shaaban AM, Elsaharty M, Mohamed AAS, Assadawy MI, El Sayed IS. Evaluation of the remineralizing effect of the chicken eggshell paste after removal of the fixed orthodontic appliance: An in vitro study. J Orthod Sci 2024; 13:7. [PMID: 38516108 PMCID: PMC10953725 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_194_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Demineralization of the enamel surface, which appears as white spot lesions during and after removal of the fixed orthodontic appliance, is the most common disadvantage of the orthodontic treatment course. Using the remineralizing agents during and after orthodontic treatment helps to avoid those enamel defects. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to assess the remineralizing effect of the chicken eggshell powder on the demineralized enamel surfaces after debonding the orthodontic bracket system. MATERIALS AND METHODS The current study was performed on 80 prepared premolar crowns embedded into acrylic molds. The samples were prepared to receive routine steps of the bonding process for the bracket system. The paste of the chicken eggshell powder was added to the samples after the debonding process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) were used to evaluate the remineralization effect of the chicken eggshell powder. Also, the Vickers microhardness tester was used to assess the enamel surface microhardness. RESULTS It was found that the mean value of the Ca/P ratio for the samples before bonding of the orthodontic bracket system was (4.17 ± 2.2). This value significantly decreased to (2 ± 1.3) after debonding of the orthodontic bracket system and then showed a significant increase to (4.79 ± 2.65) after remineralization. These results were assured by the values of the Vickers microhardness tester. CONCLUSION The chicken eggshell powder has an excellent remineralization effect for the demineralized enamel surface after debonding the orthodontic enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adel M. Shaaban
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, (Cairo, Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elsaharty
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. S. Mohamed
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Menofia University, Shibin el Kom, Menofia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Mohamed I. Assadawy
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, (Cairo, Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Sabry El Sayed
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, Oral Diagnosis and Oral Radiology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, (Cairo, Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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Miyayoshi Y, Hamba H, Nakamura K, Ishizuka H, Muramatsu T. Remineralization effects of enamel binding peptide, WGNYAYK, on enamel subsurface demineralization in vitro. Enamel binding peptide, WGNYAYK effect remineralization of enamel. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23176. [PMID: 38148805 PMCID: PMC10750082 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We investigated remineralization effects of enamel binding peptide (EBP), WGNYAYK, on enamel subsurface demineralization in vitro.Methods: Bovine lower incisor crowns were used as subsurface enamel demineralization samples, and changes of EBP binding, remineraliztion rate, hardness and microstructure were investigated. Binding of EBP, remineralization rate, hardness and structural changes were investigated. Fluorescein isothiocyatate (FITC)-labeled EBPs (0.4 mM, 4.0 mM, and 7.0 mM) were applied to the samples for 30 min at 37 °C, with sample surfaces and cross-sections observed by confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). Mineralization analysis samples were divided into 4 experimental groups; distilled water (DW), EBP 0.4 mM, EBP 4.0 mM, and EBP 7.0 mM. Mineral density changes were measured by micro-CT with hardness measured by nano-indentation. Samples were also observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) for surface and longitudinal microstructure. Results CLSM images indicated that increased fluorescence was observed in the surface layer and up to about 20 μm below the surface layer. The remineralization rate was significantly higher for EBP 7.0 mM compared to DW (p = 0.008). Enamel surface hardness was significantly higher in all EBP groups compared to DW (p < 0.05) and was highest in the 7.0 mM group. SEM images showed obscuring of the superficial columnar structure in the 7.0 mM EBP group, indicating subsurface crystalline structure recovery. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that EBP binds to demineralized enamel and promotes remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Miyayoshi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Hidenori Hamba
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Keiki Nakamura
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Hisako Ishizuka
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
| | - Takashi Muramatsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Cariology and Pulp Biology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18, Kandamisaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0061, Japan
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Phyo WM, Saket D, da Fonseca MA, Auychai P, Sriarj W. In vitro remineralization of adjacent interproximal enamel carious lesions in primary molars using a bioactive bulk-fill composite. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:37. [PMID: 38185656 PMCID: PMC10771692 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surface remineralization is recommended for the management of active non-cavitated interproximal carious lesions in primary teeth. According to the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, a recently recognized category of materials called bioactive restorative materials can be used for remineralization. This study aimed to evaluate the release of fluoride (F), calcium (Ca) and phosphate (P) ions from Predicta® Bioactive Bulk-fill composite compared with EQUIA Forte® and Filtek™ Z350 and to determine the remineralization effect of these 3 restorative materials on adjacent initial interproximal enamel carious lesions. METHODS The release of F, Ca and P ions from 3 groups ((n = 10/group) (Group 1- Predicta®, Group 2- EQUIA Forte® and Group 3- Filtek™ Z350)) was determined at 1st, 4th, 7th and 14th days. After creating artificial carious lesions, human enamel samples were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n = 13/group) which were placed in contact with occluso-proximal restorative materials and exposed to a 14-day pH cycling period. Surface microhardness was determined using a Knoop microhardness assay at baseline, after artificial carious lesions formation and after pH cycling. The difference in the percentage of surface microhardness recovery (%SMHR) among groups was compared. Mineral deposition was analyzed with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and the enamel surface morphology was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Kruskal-Wallis's test with Dunn's post hoc test and one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test were used for data analysis. RESULTS EQUIA Forte® released the highest cumulative amount of F and P ions, followed by Predicta® and Filtek™ Z350. Predicta® released higher amount of Ca ions than EQUIA Forte® and Filtek™ Z350. Predicta® demonstrated the highest %SMHR, followed by EQUIA Forte® and Filtek™ Z350. There was a significant difference in the %SMHR between Predicta® and Filtek™ Z350 (p < 0.05). However, EQUIA Forte® demonstrated the highest fluoride content, followed by Predicta® and Filtek™ Z350. The SEM images of EQUIA Forte® and Predicta® revealed the greater mineral deposition. CONCLUSION Predicta® demonstrated a marked increase in surface microhardness and fluoride content of adjacent initial interproximal enamel carious lesions in primary molars compared with Filtek™ Z350. Predicta® is an alternative restorative material to remineralize adjacent initial interproximal enamel carious lesions in primary molars, especially in high-risk caries patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Win Myat Phyo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Danuthida Saket
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marcio A da Fonseca
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Prim Auychai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wannakorn Sriarj
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
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Alvarez-Marín CA, Robles-Bermeo NL, Hassan Moustafa WH, Medina-Solís CE. Antibacterial Effects of Silver Diamine Fluoride with and without Potassium Iodide against Streptococcus mutans. Contemp Clin Dent 2024; 15:22-26. [PMID: 38707672 PMCID: PMC11068245 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_393_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a topical treatment for carious lesions and a primary preventative for newly exposed high-risk surfaces such as fissures and roots in the first molars. Using potassium iodide (KI) after applying SDF has been recommended as a way of reducing the severity of black staining, as well as preserving its antibacterial effect useful in deep caries. Objective The objective of this research was to compare the antibacterial effect of SDF, with and without KI, on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and dental biofilm. Methods The antibacterial effects of SDF, KI, and the combination of both were measured using three different techniques (inhibition halo, minimum inhibitory effect [MIE], and colony-forming unit [CFU], testing). Results The results were then subjected to statistical analysis. Analyzed by means of the Kruskal-Wallis statistical test, the inhibition halos yielded a value of P = 0.3309. Using the MIE test, only the SDF treatment produced an antibacterial effect, at 10%, compared to the KI group, with P = 0.001. Finally, the CFU test revealed a total absence of colonies for all three reagents. All three substances analyzed achieved total inhibition of S. mutans. SDF is effective even in its minimal commercial concentration. Its antibacterial capacity decreases with the addition of KI. Conclusions The three substances analyzed at their maximum concentrations exhibited an antibacterial effect against S. mutans, resulting in total inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Alonso Alvarez-Marín
- The Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry Dr. Keisaburo Miyata, School of Dentistry, The Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
| | - Norma Leticia Robles-Bermeo
- The Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry Dr. Keisaburo Miyata, School of Dentistry, The Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | - Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís
- The Advanced Studies and Research Center in Dentistry Dr. Keisaburo Miyata, School of Dentistry, The Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico
- The Academic Area of Dentistry, The Institute of Health Sciences, The Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
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Tan L, Guo Y, Zhong MM, Zhao YQ, Zhao J, Aimee DM, Feng Y, Ye Q, Hu J, Ou-Yang ZY, Chen NX, Su XL, Zhang Q, Liu Q, Yuan H, Wang MY, Feng YZ, Zhang FY. Tooth ultrastructure changes induced by a nonsense mutation in the FAM83H gene: insights into the diversity of amelogenesis imperfecta. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:6111-6123. [PMID: 37615776 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The current research on single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) mutation sites at different positions of the FAM83H gene and their phenotypic changes leading to amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is inconsistent. We identified a previously reported heterozygous nonsense mutation c.1192C>T (p.Q398*) in the FAM83H gene and conducted a comprehensive analysis of the dental ultrastructure and chemical composition changes induced by this mutation. Additionally, we predicted the protein feature affected by this mutation site. The aim was to further deepen our understanding of the diversity of AI caused by different mutation sites in the FAM83H gene. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm the mutation sites. Physical features of the patient's teeth were investigated using various methods including cone beam computer tomography (CBCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact profilometry (roughness measurement), and a nanomechanical tester (nanoindentation measurement). The protein features of wild-type and mutant FAM83H were predicted using bioinformatics methods. RESULTS One previously discovered FAM83H heterozygous nonsense mutation c.1192C>T (p.Q398*) was detected in the patient. SEM revealed inconsistent dentinal tubules, and EDS showed that calcium and phosphorus were lower in the patient's dentin but higher in the enamel compared to the control tooth. Roughness measurements showed that AI patients' teeth had rougher occlusal surfaces than those of the control tooth. Nanoindentation measurements showed that the enamel and dentin hardness values of the AI patients' teeth were both significantly reduced compared to those of the control tooth. Compared to the wild-type FAM83H protein, the mutant FAM83H protein shows alterations in stability, hydrophobicity, secondary structure, and tertiary structure. These changes could underlie functional differences and AI phenotype variations caused by this mutation site. CONCLUSIONS This study expands the understanding of the effects of FAM83H mutations on tooth structure. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Our study enhances our understanding of the genetic basis of AI and may contribute to improved diagnostics and personalized treatment strategies for patients with FAM83H-related AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Guo
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Mei Zhong
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Qiong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dusenge Marie Aimee
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze-Yue Ou-Yang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning-Xin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Lin Su
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Min-Yuan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Zhi Feng
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng-Yi Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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ZAWAWI RAHAFN, ALMOSA NAIFA. Assessment of enamel surface roughness and hardness with metal and ceramic orthodontic brackets using different etching and adhesive systems: An in vitro study. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:641-650. [PMID: 37817787 PMCID: PMC10562107 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate enamel surface roughness and microhardness following the use of different bracket materials (metal or ceramic), etchants (total- and self-etchants), and adhesive systems (precoated or flash-free). Method A total of 99 extracted human premolars were selected for the analysis. The surface roughness was first assessed (roughness control). One specimen from each subgroup was examined using a scanning electron microscope to illustrate the surface topography. Eighty-eight teeth were prepared using total- or self-etchants and bonded to precoated or flash-free adhesive metal or ceramic brackets. The remaining 11 specimens were not bonded to brackets (microhardness controls). The brackets were debonded after immersion in distilled water for 24 h. The specimens were again scanned for surface roughness and topography imaging. Finally, the microhardness was assessed using a micro-Vickers hardness test at a force of 200 g for 10 s. Result An overall statistically significant increase in surface roughness and reduced surface microhardness were observed in all experimental groups when compared with those in the control groups. The etchant type was the only variable found to contribute to the measured surface properties, with increased roughness and reduced microhardness introduced by total-etching compared to those by self-etching. Conclusion Orthodontic brackets introduced a significant increase in enamel surface roughness and reduce microhardness compared with untreated enamel, regardless of the bracket material, etchant type, and adhesive system. The etchant type was the only variable contributing to these changes, with total etching having a more pronounced effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- RAHAF N. ZAWAWI
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Division of Orthodontics College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - NAIF A. ALMOSA
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Division of Orthodontics College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Mahfouz Omer SM, El-Sherbiny RH, El-Desouky SS. Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on initial Carious Enamel Lesions in primary teeth: an In-vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:520. [PMID: 37491222 PMCID: PMC10369821 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03224-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries initiates with non-cavitated enamel lesions as the first stage. The cariogenic potential of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) may be due to its usage frequency and form. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of exposure time of NAC on initial enamel caries-like lesions in primary teeth by assessing the morphological alteration using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and mineral content using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX). METHODS Forty primary incisor teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups S, S1, S2, and S3 (10 specimens/group). Teeth crowns were cut from their roots and inserted into an acrylic mold with its buccal surface directed upward. Centrally isolated enamel window (2 × 2 mm) on the tooth was done. Ten specimens were selected to evaluate normal enamel while the remaining thirty specimens were immersed in demineralizing solution for 96 h to produce enamel caries-like lesions. PH cycling was performed by immersing each tooth sample in 20 mL of demineralizing solution for 3 h then, preserved for the remaining day hours in 10 ml of artificial saliva interspersed with treatments applications with 10 ml NAC for 10 min twice a day for one- or three-months different treatment modalities. Thermocycling was done for all specimens then they were subjected to SEM and EDX analysis. ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests were utilized in data analysis. RESULTS In teeth treated by NAC for 3 months (group-S3), SEM images showed severe loss of enamel architecture with large NAC deposits detected. A meaningful difference was observed among different groups concerning calcium, phosphorus, fluoride, ca/P ratio, carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen contents (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION NAC had a detrimental impact on enamel caries-like lesions in human primary teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Mahfouz Omer
- Pediatric Dentistry, Preventive Dentistry, and Dental Public Health Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Randa H El-Sherbiny
- Oral Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez University, Suez, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa S El-Desouky
- Pediatric Dentistry, Oral Health and Preventive Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
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Elgamily HM, El-Sayed SM, El-Sayed HS, Youssef AM. Laboratory evaluation of anti-plaque and remineralization efficacy of sugarless probiotic jelly candy supplemented with natural nano prebiotic additive. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10977. [PMID: 37414826 PMCID: PMC10326239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37645-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the anti-cariogenic effect of an experimental synbiotic compound containing probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (NRRL B-442)-based jelly candy supplemented with natural prebiotic grape seed extract (GSE) in a nanoemulsion formula on the colonization and establishment of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) and Actinomyces viscosus (ATTCC 19246) biofilms through counting colony forming units, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). We were then analysing the remineralizing effect of synbiotic jelly candy on human enamel surface lesions using Vickers microhardness testers, atomic force microscopy (AFM), SEM, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) at three stages (sound, after demineralization, and after pH cycling). We found after 21 days of treatment of the pH-cycled enamel discs with jelly candy for 10 min twice daily, a 68% decrease in S. mutans colony formation, reducing biofilm development, trapping S. mutans visualized in jelly candy under SEM examination, and significantly altering the morphological structure of these bacteria under TEM analysis. For remineralization measurements, statistically significant differences in microhardness integrated mineral loss, and lesion depth through CLSM between demineralization and treatment stages. These findings provide an effective anti-cariogenic synbiotic compound of grape seed extract and probiotic jelly candy with potential remineralizing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa M Elgamily
- Restorative and Dental Materials Department, Oral and Dental Research Institutes, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt.
| | - Samah M El-Sayed
- Dairy Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Hoda S El-Sayed
- Dairy Department, Food Industries and Nutrition Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Youssef
- Packaging Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Chaiwat A, Chunhacheevachaloke E, Kidkhunthod P, Pakawanit P, Ajcharanukul O. Enamel Remineralization and Crystallization after Fluoride Iontophoresis. J Dent Res 2023; 102:402-411. [PMID: 36546596 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221138513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Early caries lesions consist of noncavitated subsurface demineralization caused by the dissolution of hydroxyapatite from the surface to the subsurface area of the enamel. Such lesions cannot be remineralized effectively by the conventional treatment. Thus, there is a need for a noninvasive technique capable of delivering the remineralizing agent to subsurface sites. For this purpose, fluoride iontophoresis (IP) using weak currents has been investigated with some conflicting results and no information on the crystal structure and composition. Because enamel remineralization involves the role of fluid from dentin, the presence of enamel fluid is necessary to determine the repair associated with the physiological condition. This study aimed to investigate structural and compositional characteristics, including the remineralizing effect of 5% sodium fluoride (NaF) IP with different polarities, cathodal iontophoresis (CIP), and anodal iontophoresis (AIP) for the treatment of natural enamel caries under simulated pulpal pressure. A bulk measurement of the crystal structure inside the lesion was first determined using calcium (Ca) K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. IP with both polarities significantly promoted subsurface remineralization. The CIP generated a significant increase in the Ca/phosphorus ratio, and fluoride at the surface lesion significantly correlated with higher mineral density (MD) and more strengthening crystal structure of the lesion volume, while the lesion's MD and other impurities at the lesion surface, mostly the carbonate ions, affected the significant increase in MD with the unchanged structure of the lesion volume after AIP. The CIP of NaF is an ideal method for rapid enamel remineralization and recrystallization of fluoroapatite/fluorohydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chaiwat
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - E Chunhacheevachaloke
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - P Kidkhunthod
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization) Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - P Pakawanit
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (Public Organization) Muang District, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - O Ajcharanukul
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
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de Oliveira Roma FRV, de Oliveira TJL, Bauer J, Firoozmand LM. Resin-modified glass ionomer enriched with BIOGLASS: Ion-release, bioactivity and antibacterial effect. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2023; 111:903-911. [PMID: 36382666 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Developing dental materials for the prevention of remineralization or demineralization is important for high-risk caries patients. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical and microbiological effects of adding 45S5 bioglass to resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC). Samples belonged to the following groups: GIC: conventional glass ionomer cement (Vitro Fil), RMGIC: resin-modified GIC (Vitro Fil LC), and RMGIC/45S5: RMGIC with 10% (wt %) of 45S5. Changes in pH and release of fluoride, calcium, and phosphorus ions under acidic (pH 4) and neutral (pH 7) pH conditions were evaluated. Antibacterial activity was verified based on colony-forming units. Material sorption and solubility were analyzed after bacterial exposure. After 28 days, the bioactivity of the materials was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Analysis of variance, post hoc Scheffe, and Tukey (α = 0.05) tests were employed for statistical analysis. RMGIC/45S5 showed higher alkalization activity, calcium release at pH 4 and 7, and sorption than GIC and RMGIC (p < .05). Release of phosphorus and fluoride at pH 4 and 7 was higher for GIC than that for RMGIC and RMGIC/45S5 (p < .05). RMGIC/45S5 showed higher values than RMGIC (p < .05). However, antibacterial activity did not differ among the groups. Precipitates of calcium and phosphorus were visualized in RMGIC/45S5 samples via SEM/EDS. These results indicate that the RMGIC/45S5 promotes alkalization and increases the release of calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride ions, resulting in precipitate deposition rich in calcium and phosphorus, thereby being a promising option to improve the bioactivity of RMGIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábia Regina Vieira de Oliveira Roma
- Laboratório de Biomateriais em Odontologia (Biomma), Departamento de Odontologia I, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Tarcisio Jorge Leitão de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biomateriais em Odontologia (Biomma), Departamento de Odontologia I, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - José Bauer
- Laboratório de Biomateriais em Odontologia (Biomma), Departamento de Odontologia I, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
| | - Leily Macedo Firoozmand
- Laboratório de Biomateriais em Odontologia (Biomma), Departamento de Odontologia I, Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA), São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil
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12
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Lan Z, Zhao IS, Li J, Li X, Yuan L, Sha O. Erosive effects of commercially available alcoholic beverages on enamel. Dent Mater J 2023; 42:236-240. [PMID: 36624075 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of four alcoholic beverages on enamel erosion. Fifty enamel specimens were randomly allocated into the following five groups (n=10): group 1, water as negative control; group 2, red wine; group 3, white wine; group 4, distilled spirit; and group 5, beer. The specimens were immersed in the respective solution for a 16 h demineralization, followed by an 8 h remineralization in artificial saliva. Cyclic de- and re-mineralization were performed for 8 days. Surface roughness, microhardness and morphology of the enamel specimens were studied after the cycling. The results were analyzed by One-way ANOVA and Dunnett's post-hoc test (p<0.05). All investigated beverages showed an erosive effect on enamel. White wine had the highest erosive potential whereas distilled spirit had the least.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixun Lan
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center
| | | | - Jia Li
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen University General Hospital
| | - Li Yuan
- Department of Stomatology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology)
| | - Ou Sha
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center
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13
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Wong PYW, Lim SL, Loi STY, Mei ML, Li KC, Aziz S, Ekambaram M. A comparative study of two chemical models for creating subsurface caries lesions on aprismatic and prismatic enamel. J Oral Sci 2023; 65:20-23. [PMID: 36436976 DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.22-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the mineral density and lesion depth of artificial caries lesions on aprismatic enamel and prismatic enamel created by lactic acid and acetic acid buffers. METHODS Forty bovine enamel blocks were allocated to: aprismatic enamel (Group A) and prismatic enamel (Group C) in acetic acid buffer for 192 h and aprismatic enamel (Group B) and prismatic enamel (Group D) in lactic acid buffer for 96 h. The mineral loss and lesion depth were measured using micro-computed tomography. RESULTS A significant difference (P = 0.01) was observed in the mineral loss (%) in the lesions on aprismatic enamel and prismatic enamel treated with lactic acid buffer while no significant difference (P = 0.51) was observed in the mineral loss (%) in the lesions on aprismatic enamel and prismatic enamel treated with acetic acid buffer. No significant difference was noted in the mean lesion depth of lesions on aprismatic enamel and prismatic enamel treated with acetic acid and lactic acid buffers (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Aprismatic enamel and prismatic enamel have similar mineral loss in acetic acid while prismatic enamel showed more mineral loss compared to aprismatic enamel in lactic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Y W Wong
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
| | - Suh Ling Lim
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
| | - Samuel T Y Loi
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
| | - May Lei Mei
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
| | - Kai Chun Li
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
| | - Shafiq Aziz
- Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago
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Surface and Structural Studies of Age-Related Changes in Dental Enamel: An Animal Model. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113993. [PMID: 35683290 PMCID: PMC9182525 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In the animal kingdom, continuously erupting incisors provided an attractive model for studying the enamel matrix and mineral composition of teeth during development. Enamel, the hardest mineral tissue in the vertebrates, is a tissue sensitive to external conditions, reflecting various disturbances in its structure. The developing dental enamel was monitored in a series of incisor samples extending the first four weeks of postnatal life in the spiny mouse. The age-dependent changes in enamel surface morphology in the micrometre and nanometre-scale and a qualitative assessment of its mechanical features were examined by applying scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). At the same time, structural studies using XRD and vibrational spectroscopy made it possible to assess crystallinity and carbonate content in enamel mineral composition. Finally, a model for predicting the maturation based on chemical composition and structural factors was constructed using artificial neural networks (ANNs). The research presented here can extend the existing knowledge by proposing a pattern of enamel development that could be used as a comparative material in environmental, nutritional, and pharmaceutical research.
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15
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Efficacy of Two Toothpaste in Preventing Tooth Erosive Lesions Associated with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Patients suffering from acid reflux due to endogenous causes are often affected by gastroesophageal reflux disease which, in the oral environment, causes lingual and palatal enamel erosion. As enamel does not have the intrinsic ability to repair itself, the application of alloplastic materials, such as toothpastes is suggestable. The aim of this “in vitro” study was to compare the effectiveness of two different toothpastes in preventing erosion due to gastroesophageal reflux disease. Six tooth elements from bovine jaws were prepared using a high-speed diamond bur and water irrigation. Acid attack simulation was carried out using a 15% HCl hydrochloric acid solution. After that, two different toothpastes with or without fluoride, were brushed at the sample surface using an electric toothbrush at standard position and force. SEM and profilometer analysis were performed. Statistically significant difference was found in average tooth surface roughness after using toothpaste with or without fluoride after the acid attack, as the former offered a greater remineralization. No difference was found in long-term prevention. Fluoridated toothpastes offer a greater degree of remineralization at a first acid attack, however, there is no difference in long-term prevention independently from the toothpaste type.
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Lai CC, Lin CP, Wang YL. Development of antibacterial composite resin containing chitosan/fluoride microparticles as pit and fissure sealant to prevent caries. J Oral Microbiol 2021; 14:2008615. [PMID: 34992735 PMCID: PMC8725701 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2021.2008615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Develop a fissure sealant containing chitosan/fluoride microparticles (C/F) with antibacterial, fluoride release and recharge ability. MATERIALS AND METHODS Chitosan/fluoride microparticles were synthesized and added to Bis-GMA as C/F. The experimental group comprised 0%, 2%, 4% C/F, with ClinproTM fissure sealant as control. Antibacterial activity was detected by Alamar Blue assay and colony-forming units (CFU). Biocompatibility was determined by WST-1 and LDH test. Curing depth, flowability, tensile strength and flexural strength were measured according to the ISO standard; microhardness by Vickers hardness test. Fluoride release and recharge were recorded through ionic chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed with an independent t-test, one-way and two-way ANOVA. P values less than 0.05 were considered significant. RESULTS 2% and 4% C/F showed antibacterial ability with CFU ratios decreasing to 10% and 25% respectively (P < 0.01). Nonetheless, 4% C/F was concerned because biocompatibility revealed cytotoxicity compared to medium (P < 0.001). 2% C/F had superior mechanical properties to ClinproTM fissure sealant in terms of curing depth (P < 0.001), microhardness and tensile strength (P < 0.01). It had good fluoride release and recharge ability (P = 0.67). CONCLUSIONS 2% C/F could be an antibacterial sealant with good mechanical strength, fluoride release and recharge ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Cheng Lai
- Pediatric Dentistry, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Lin Wang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Zhang R, Qi J, Gong M, Liu Q, Zhou H, Wang J, Mei Y. Effects of 45S5 bioactive glass on the remineralization of early carious lesions in deciduous teeth: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health 2021; 21:576. [PMID: 34772397 PMCID: PMC8588588 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Early childhood caries has been designated as a serious public health problem. The traditional restoration method is very challenging, especially in uncooperative patients. Non-invasive therapy, like remineralization agents, which have been developed to reverse the demineralization progress at the early stage of caries, may be a better choice. This study aimed to evaluate the remineralization efficacy of different concentrations of 45S5 bioactive glass (BAG) on artifical carious lesions of deciduous enamel.
Methods 65 caries-like enamel lesions of the deciduous teeth were assigned to 5 groups (n = 13) and transported to a 14 days pH-cycling: Group A: 2%BAG, Group B: 4%BAG, Group C: 6%BAG, Group D: 8%BAG, and Group E: deionized water (DDW, negative control). 8 sound (Group F) and 8 demineralized teeth (Group G) were prepared for contrast. The recovery power of mechanical property was evaluated by Vickers hardness test through the recovery of enamel microhardness (%REMH). Surface morphology, mass fraction of Ca and P ions, and Ca/P atomic ratio were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Moreover, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy equipped with attenuated total reflectance was used to identify the chemical structure of newly formed compounds. Results % REMH were (42.65 ± 1.35), (52.59 ± 2.96), (57.40 ± 1.72), (52.91 ± 2.55), (12.46 ± 2.81) in 2%BAG, 4%BAG, 6%BAG, 8%BAG, and DDW groups respectively. Micro-spherical particles were deposited in all BAG groups and 6% BAG showed the densest and most uniform surface. EDX analysis identified significantly higher Ca(wt%) and P(wt%) in four BAG groups than in the demineralized group (p < 0.005), while 6% BAG showed the highest mineral gain efficacy. The infrared spectrum demonstrated that newly mineralized crystals were consisted of type-B hydroxycarbonate apatite. Conclusion BAG possessed a promising remineralization effect on artificial lesions in deciduous enamel by recovering enamel surface mechanical property, morphology and chemical elements. Among them, 6% BAG performed the greatest overall efficacy. Acting as a new caries-arresting biomaterial, 45S5 BAG has the potential to facilitate the adaptation of better carious prevention strategies in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road 1st, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianyan Qi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road 1st, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Gong
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road 1st, Nanjing, 210029, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road 1st, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Hongyan Zhou
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road 1st, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road 1st, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Yufeng Mei
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai Road 1st, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Nagasaki R, Ishikawa R, Ito S, Saito T, Iijima M. Effects of polishing with paste containing surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer fillers on enamel remineralization after orthodontic bracket debonding. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 84:171-179. [PMID: 32869466 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) technology allows for the release of multiple ions. This study was performed to investigate the remineralization of etched enamel after removal of the bracket using a novel paste containing S-PRG filler. Surfaces of polished enamel were etched with phosphoric acid and then subdivided into two regions. Bracket bonding resin was thinly applied to one region. After 24-hr immersion in artificial saliva, the bonding resin on the enamel surfaces was removed by grinding with tungsten carbide bur at low-speed, followed by polishing with one of four different polishing systems: (a) nonfluoridated paste (NF); (b) fluoridated paste (F); (c) S-PRG filler-containing paste (S-PRG); or (d) nonfluoridated plus S-PRG filler-containing paste (NF + S-PRG) (n = 15). The polished specimens were then immersed in an artificial saliva solution for 7 days. Nanoindentation testing of enamel surfaces was performed and their mechanical properties were compared. Representative specimens were examined with scanning electron microscope. In all specimens, the mechanical properties of the enamel surfaces were markedly degraded by acid etching. However, the mechanical properties of both regions (etched and resin-infiltrated enamels) showed recovery after polishing and 7-day immersion. Polishing with NF + S-PRG paste led to significant recovery of mechanical properties compared to polishing with NF or S-PRG paste alone, and remineralization was equivalent to that seen with F paste. Porous etched enamel surfaces were filled with a remineralization layer after each polishing procedure and 7-day immersion in all polishing groups. Polishing using NF + S-PRG paste can facilitate enamel remineralization after bracket removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Nagasaki
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Rina Ishikawa
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Shuich Ito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Takashi Saito
- Division of Clinical Cariology and Endodontology, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari, Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Masahiro Iijima
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Department of Oral Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
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Oliveira PRAD, Barboza CM, Barreto LSDC, Tostes MA. Effect of CPP-ACP on remineralization of artificial caries-like lesion: an in situ study. Braz Oral Res 2020; 34:e061. [PMID: 32609230 DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020.vol34.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this double-blind, randomized, crossover in situ study is to compare remineralization of preformed enamel lesions by casein phosphopeptide-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and fluoride dentifrice products. During each of four 10-day experimental legs, 10 participants wore intraoral removable palatal acrylic appliances with four human enamel slabs with preformed lesions. A 0.03-mL treatment paste was dripped extraorally onto the enamel blocks once a day for 3 min. The four randomly allocated treatments were as follows: CO- Control: silica dentifrice without fluoride; MP: MI Paste; MPP: MI Paste Plus and FD: Fluoride dentifrice - 1100 ppm F as NaF). Knoop surface hardness (SH) test was performed in three stages (T0 - sound enamel, T1 - after preformed lesion, and T2 - after treatment) and the cross-sectional hardness (CSH) test was performed after treatment using a 50-gram Knoop load for 15 s. Knoop hardness number (KHN) was similar between treatments. %SHr was significantly higher in the MP, FD, and MPP when compared to CO group (Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, p < 0.05). Harder enamel was found in MP (75 μm) and FD groups at 75 to 175 μm. Treatment with DF, MP, and MPP promoted an increase of 20.27%, 19.24%, and 14.71%, respectively, in Integral Hardness Change (ΔIHC) when compared to CO (p<0.05). Remineralizing agents (MP, MPP, and DF) were able to inhibit demineralization of human enamel subjected to high cariogenic challenge in situ. DF had the greatest preventive potential against the progression of carious lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroliny Mello Barboza
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Almeida Tostes
- Universidade Federal Fluminense - UFF, School of Dentistry, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Świetlicka I, Kuc D, Świetlicki M, Arczewska M, Muszyński S, Tomaszewska E, Prószyński A, Gołacki K, Błaszczak J, Cieślak K, Kamiński D, Mielnik-Błaszczak M. Near-Surface Studies of the Changes to the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Human Enamel under the Action of Fluoride Varnish Containing CPP-ACP Compound. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050765. [PMID: 32422985 PMCID: PMC7277937 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes to the features of the enamel surface submitted to induced demineralisation and subsequent remineralisation were studied. The in vitro examination was conducted on polished slices of human molar teeth, divided in four groups: the untreated control (n = 20), challenged by a demineralisation with orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) (n = 20), and challenged by a demineralisation following remineralisation with fluoride (F) varnish containing casein phosphopeptides (CPP) and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) compounds (n = 20). The specimens’ enamel surfaces were subjected to analysis of structure, molecular arrangement, mechanical features, chemical composition, and crystalline organization of apatite crystals. Specimens treated with acid showed a significant decrease in crystallinity, calcium, and phosphorus levels as well as mechanical parameters, with an increase in enamel surface roughness and degree of carbonates when compared to the control group. Treatment with fluoride CPP–ACP varnish provided great improvements in enamel arrangement, as the destroyed hydroxyapatite structure was largely rebuilt and the resulting enamel surface was characterised by greater regularity, higher molecular and structural organisation, and a smoother surface compared to the demineralised one. In conclusion, this in vitro study showed that fluoride CPP–ACP varnish, by improving enamel hardness and initiating the deposition of a new crystal layer, can be an effective remineralising agent for the treatment of damaged enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Świetlicka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (I.Ś.); (M.A.)
| | - Damian Kuc
- Chair and Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (D.K.); (M.M.-B.)
| | - Michał Świetlicki
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (M.Ś.); (A.P.)
| | - Marta Arczewska
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence: (I.Ś.); (M.A.)
| | - Siemowit Muszyński
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Ewa Tomaszewska
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Adam Prószyński
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland; (M.Ś.); (A.P.)
| | - Krzysztof Gołacki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Automatics, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-612 Lublin, Poland;
| | | | - Krystian Cieślak
- Institute of Renewable Energy Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, 20-618 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Daniel Kamiński
- Department of Crystallography, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, 20-031 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Maria Mielnik-Błaszczak
- Chair and Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (D.K.); (M.M.-B.)
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Probing Heterogeneity in Bovine Enamel Composition through Nanoscale Chemical Imaging using Atom Probe Tomography. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 112:104682. [PMID: 32126356 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the heterogeneity in chemical composition of bovine enamel using atom probe tomography, and thereby evaluate the suitability of bovine enamel as a substitute for human enamel in in vitro dental research. DESIGN Enamel samples from extracted bovine incisor teeth were first sectioned using a diamond saw and then milled into needle-like samples (<100 nm diameter) by focused ion beam (FIB) coupled with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). These samples were analyzed in the atom probe to acquire three-dimensional (3D) images and quantify the atomic chemistry and distribution in bovine enamel. RESULTS For the first time, the atomic-level composition and clustering of major constituents and impurities within bovine enamel were determined and imaged. We discovered that the chemical composition of bovine enamel is spatially inhomogeneous at the atomic scale. The average bulk Ca/P ratio, ∼1.4, was in agreement with previously reported literature values from alternative conventional methods. When assessed locally at the atomic scale, the Ca/P ratio varied between 1.1 and 2.03. We also discovered that the Mg impurities were significantly segregated throughout the enamel, and such clustering influenced the variation of Ca/P ratios. The increase in Mg concentrations, near the Mg clusters, correlated with increased Ca and decreased P concentrations. CONCLUSION The presented findings of variability in local composition should be taken into account when interpreting dental research results from bovine enamel.
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Is there evidence for Novamin application in remineralization?: A Systematic review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:87-92. [PMID: 32190542 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Calcium sodium phosphor-silicate material, a type of bio-glass was originally developed as an implant material to regenerate bone and recently adapted for use in oral care products (NovaMin Technology Inc.). Novamin is used for many dental problems like hypersensitivity, gingivitis, bleeding, non-carious lesions, carious lesions, whitening and is currently emerging as one of the treatment modality for the remineralization of the tooth. Since the prescription of these novel materials to the patients are based on cost effectiveness, efficacy and effectiveness, a clinician should make decision based on best available evidence. Hence, the objective of this review is to find out the current evidence available on the use of Novamin as an agent for remineralization. Materials and methods Relevant articles were searched and screened from several databases including PubMed, Cochrane review, Science Direct and trip which were published till 1988 to July 2017; The articles relevant to the objective of this review were included (RCT's) and articles out of interest of this review were excluded. The primary outcome for the chosen studies is the remineralization capacity of Novamin. Data extraction is done independently and jointly by 3 authors using data collection forms. Studies obtained were evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration tools for accessing risk bias. The assessment of the quality of the evidence and the bias risk was obtained using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and evaluation System. Results The articles from the database obtained for further review was N = 1. According to the study reviewed, the baseline comparisons using decalcification index obtained between Novamin study group (ReNew) and the control group (Crest) yield a P-value of 0.97 whereas after a 3 months interval follow up the value is 0.0403 suggesting there was a trend towards improvement in white spot lesions in the control group and at 6 months' time point the p-value is 0.81 concluding that there are no significant difference of remineralization process obtained by using traditional toothpaste and Novamin. Conclusion Review shows that Novamin has significantly less clinical evidence to prove its effectiveness as a remineralization agent in treating both carious and non-carious lesion. Hence, better designed clinical trials should be carried out in the future before definitive recommendations can be made.
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Ma L, Chen J, Han H, Liu P, Wang H, Lin S, Zhang Q, Lu D, Zhang X. Effects of lemon essential oil and limonene on the progress of early caries: An in vitro study. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 111:104638. [PMID: 31901573 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Lemon essential oil (LEO) and Limonene (LIM) in the progress of early caries. DESIGN LEO and LIM were selected as experimental medicine, while sodium fluoride (NaF) and deionized water (DW) were positive and blank controls, respectively. Bovine incisors were used to establish enamel and dentin early caries models by demineralization method in vitro. Then specimens were subjected to pH cycling. Calcium and phosphate release of demineralizing solution were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer; Surface microhardness tester and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer were used to detect the surface microhardness recovery and calcium- phosphate ratio on tooth surface; Degraded collagen matrix by collagenase was investigated by assaying hydroxyproline. RESULTS Calcium release of dentin demineralizing solution of LEO group was lower than DW group's and higher than NaF group's. Both of LEO and LIM groups, the surface microhardness recovery were significantly lower than those of NaF group, which were similar to DW group. Dentin surface calcium- phosphate ratio of LEO and LIM groups were lower than those of NaF group and higher than those of DW group. Hydroxyproline concentration in the remineralizing solution of LEO and LIM groups were lower than DW groups' and higher than NaF groups'. CONCLUSIONS LEO and LIM have influence on the progress of dentin early caries, which can stabilize its structure by inhibiting collagen degradation. Meanwhile, these medicines may provide a new drug choice for the prevention and treatment of early root caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Hui Han
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Peiwen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shiyi Lin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Danyang Lu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Cagna DR, Donovan TE, McKee JR, Eichmiller F, Metz JE, Albouy JP, Marzola R, Murphy KR, Troeltzsch M. Annual review of selected scientific literature: A report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 122:198-269. [PMID: 31405523 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This comprehensive review of the 2018 dental literature is provided to inform busy dentists about progress in the profession. Developed by the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry, each author brings discipline-specific expertise to one of the 8 sections of the report including (1) prosthodontics; (2) periodontics, alveolar bone, and peri-implant tissues; (3) implant dentistry; (4) dental materials and therapeutics; (5) occlusion and temporomandibular disorders; (6) sleep-related breathing disorders; (7) oral medicine and oral and maxillofacial surgery; and (8) dental caries and cariology. The report targets important information that will likely influence day-to-day treatment decisions. Each review is not intended to stand alone but to update interested readers so that they may visit source materials if greater detail is desired. As the profession continues its march toward evidence-based clinical decision-making, an already voluminous library of potentially valuable dental literature continues to grow. It is the intention of this review and its authors to provide assistance in navigating the extensive dental literature published in 2018. It is our hope that readers find this work useful in the clinical management of patients moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Cagna
- Professor, Associate Dean, and Residency Director, Department of Prosthodontics, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, College of Dentistry, Memphis, Tenn.
| | - Terence E Donovan
- Professor and Head of Biomaterials, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James R McKee
- Private practice, Restorative Dentistry, Downers Grove, Ill
| | | | - James E Metz
- Private practice, Restorative Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jean-Pierre Albouy
- Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Sciences, University of North Carolina School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, NC
| | | | - Kevin R Murphy
- Associate Clinical Professor, Department of Periodontics, University of Maryland College of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD; Private practice, Periodontics and Prosthodontics, Baltimore, MD
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