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León S, Giacaman RA, Araya-Bustos F, Venegas S, Saavedra N, Hugo FN, De Marchi RJ, Muñoz MF, Salazar C, Castrejón-Pérez RC, Bustillos L, Fortanete A, de López AC, Aredes JE, Marín-Zuluaga D, Elias-Boneta A. Current status of geriatric dentistry education in selected dental schools in Latin America and the Caribbean. Gerodontology 2024; 41:385-392. [PMID: 37792411 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Latin American and Carribean (LAC) are currently experiencing a rapid aging of their population, coupled with a significant burden of oral diseases. Despites this, there is a scarcity of evidence regarding the manner in wich geriatric dentistry is being taught in dental schools across LAC. So, the objective of this study is to investigate the current status of geriatric dentistry education at undergraduate and postgraduate levels in selected LAC dental schools. METHODS An electronic questionnaire was developed and emailed to all 539 dental schools in 19 LAC countries. The questionnaire recorded activity levels, contents and methodology of geriatric dentistry education as part of dental degree programmes. Reminders by email and telephone calls were used to encourage non-responders to complete the questionnaire. RESULTS In total, 317 schools from 17 countries responded to the questionnaire (response rate: 58.8%). Geriatric dentistry was taught in 54.6% of the schools at the undergraduate level and in 6.9% at the postgraduate level. Thirty two percent of the schools had a programme director trained in geriatric dentistry. Geriatric dentistry was taught as an independent course in 14.5% of the schools. Dry mouth, periodontal disease, denture-related conditions and prosthodontic management, oral mucosal disease and age-related changes of the orofacial complex were the most frequently covered topics. Clinical teaching of geriatric dentistry was reported by 26.5% of the schools, with 38.0% providing clinical training in outreach facilities. CONCLUSIONS Geriatric dentistry education remains incipient in LAC, with only one in every four dental school offering it as a standalone course. There is an urgent need to further develop geriatric dentistry education in the continent, including further research to develop a minimum geriatric dentistry curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraya León
- Gerodontology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca and Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
| | - Rodrigo A Giacaman
- Gerodontology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca and Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
| | - Francisca Araya-Bustos
- Gerodontology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca and Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
| | - Sardi Venegas
- Gerodontology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca and Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
| | - Nicole Saavedra
- Gerodontology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca and Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Talca, Chile
| | - Fernando Neves Hugo
- Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Social, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | - Renato J De Marchi
- Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Social, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Augusto Elias-Boneta
- Recinto de Ciencias Médicas, Escuela de Medicina Dental, Universidad de Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Ichikawa Y, Kaneko N, Thwin KM, Senpuku H, Nohno K, Ogawa H. Low Salivary IgA Levels Against PAc (361-386) as a Risk Factor for Root Caries in Older Adults. Clin Exp Dent Res 2024; 10:e945. [PMID: 39104139 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the intricate relationship between salivary IgA antibody levels to PAc (361-386) (PPA), mutans streptococci colonization, and root caries development in older adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 307 participants aged 76 years residing in Niigata city, Japan. Clinical oral examinations were performed at baseline in 2004 and 1 year later, during which the total number of untreated and treated root caries was assessed using the root decayed, filled tooth (DFT) index. The stimulated saliva samples were collected using the spitting method during the baseline survey. Salivary IgA antibody levels to amino acid residues 361-386 of Streptococcus mutans PAc were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Statistical analyses, including the χ2 test, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regressions, were performed to examine the association of increased root DFT with the independent variables. RESULTS Among the 307 participants (53.1% men), the mean root DFT at baseline was 3.77 ± 3.66, and 36.5% of the study sample exhibited increased root DFT after 1 year with a mean increment of 0.36 ± 0.48. Participants with increase in root DFT after 1 year had significantly higher rates of low PPA levels (≤ 25th percentile) than those without increased root DFT (p = 0.020). Low PPA levels (≤ 25th percentile) were significantly more likely to have an increased risk of root caries development compared with PPA levels > 25th percentile (adjusted OR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.09-3.25). CONCLUSION Low PPA levels and root caries incidence correlated significantly, suggesting that low levels of salivary IgA antibody to PAc (361-386) may serve as a risk factor for increased root caries in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ichikawa
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Noboru Kaneko
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaung Myat Thwin
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hidenobu Senpuku
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kaname Nohno
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ogawa
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Gondo T, Hiraishi N, Takeuchi A, Moyes D, Shimada Y. Comparative analysis of microbiome in coronal and root caries. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:869. [PMID: 39085908 PMCID: PMC11292881 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global rise in the elderly population has increased the prevalence of root caries. Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli and Actinomyces are considered the primary pathogens of dental caries in culture-based studies. This study aimed to investigate bacterial profiles in coronal and root caries lesions and determine the association of specific bacterial genera at each site. METHODS Dentine samples from carious lesions were collected from 22 extracted teeth using an excavator. Microbial DNA was extracted from the samples using a protocol developed for this study. 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was employed for microbial analysis. PCR amplification targeted the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA, and the amplicon sequencing used an Illumina MiSeq system (2 × 300 bp paired-end reads). Statistical analysis was performed by the Phyloseq and DESeq2 packages in R. RESULTS In coronal caries, Olsenella, Lactobacillus and Prevotella were the most prevalent genera, comprising approximately 70% of the microbiome community. In the root caries, however, although Olsenella, Prevotella and Lactobacillus remained the dominant genera, they accounted for only half of the microbiome community. This study identified significant differences in alpha diversity indices between the coronal and root caries. LEfSE analysis revealed several unique genera in each caries lesion. CONCLUSION The microbiome of root caries lesions was richer and more complex than the coronal caries microbiota. The results suggest that lesion-related variations in the oral microflora may be detected in carious dentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadamu Gondo
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Noriko Hiraishi
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan.
| | - Azusa Takeuchi
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - David Moyes
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
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Xu GY, Zhao IS, Lung CYK, Yin IX, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Frontiers of Global Research Trend on Root Caries: A Bibliometric Analysis. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(24)00161-8. [PMID: 39003120 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2024.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the global research trend and frontiers in the field of root caries. METHODS Two independent investigators searched the Web of Science Core Collection to include journal articles published on root caries from 1994 to 2023. They examined citation trends of the selected publications and performed bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer. Cooccurrence and cocitation analysis were used to calculate the burst strength of the most cited keywords and the most cited publications. RESULTS This study included 1144 publications (1004 scientific research articles and 140 review articles) for bibliometric analysis. The number of publications from 2018 to 2023 was 404, accounting for 35% (404/1144) over the last 30 years. The annual citation count showed a gradual upward trend with a surge from 2018. The cooccurrence analysis classified the publications into four clusters which were in vitro studies, prevention, microbiology, and epidemiology. Cocitation analysis revealed silver diamine fluoride, systematic review, and randomized clinical trial were the three main keywords; and their citation burst strength (period) were 17.2 (2017-2023), 9.4 (2015-2023), and 6.9 (2018-2023), respectively. Noninvasive treatment of root caries (narrative review), aetiology of root caries (narrative review), and use of silver diamine fluoride in arresting root caries (clinical trial) were the topics (publication type) of the three most cited publications; and their burst strength (period) were 8.9 (2017-2020), 5.9 (2017-2021), and 4.7 (2015-2018), respectively. CONCLUSION This study highlights the recent growing research interest in root caries, particularly on its microbiology, prevention, and the use of silver diamine fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Yuchan Xu
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China; Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Irene Shuping Zhao
- School of Dentistry, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, China; Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | - Iris Xiaoxue Yin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Barbosa CDB, Monici Silva I, Dame-Teixeira N. The action of microbial collagenases in dentinal matrix degradation in root caries and potential strategies for its management: a comprehensive state-of-the-art review. J Appl Oral Sci 2024; 32:e20240013. [PMID: 38775556 PMCID: PMC11182643 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2024-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Conventional views associate microbial biofilm with demineralization in root caries (RC) onset, while research on their collagenases role in the breakdown of collagen matrix has been sporadically developed, primarily in vitro. Recent discoveries, however, reveal proteolytic bacteria enrichment, specially Porphyromonas and other periodontitis-associated bacteria in subgingivally extended lesions, suggesting a potential role in RC by the catabolism of dentin organic matrix. Moreover, genes encoding proteases and bacterial collagenases, including the U32 family collagenases, were found to be overexpressed in both coronal and root dentinal caries. Despite these advancements, to prove microbial collagenolytic proteases' definitive role in RC remains a significant challenge. A more thorough investigation is warranted to explore the potential of anti-collagenolytic agents in modulating biofilm metabolic processes or inhibiting/reducing the size of RC lesions. Prospective treatments targeting collagenases and promoting biomodification through collagen fibril cross-linking show promise for RC prevention and management. However, these studies are currently in the in vitro phase, necessitating additional research to translate findings into clinical applications. This is a comprehensive state-of-the-art review aimed to explore contributing factors to the formation of RC lesions, particularly focusing on collagen degradation in root tissues by microbial collagenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecília de Brito Barbosa
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Isabela Monici Silva
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia, Brasília, Brasil
| | - Naile Dame-Teixeira
- Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Odontologia, Brasília, Brasil
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Xie Z, Shi L, He L. Depression and dental caries in US adults, NHANES 2015-2018. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:520. [PMID: 38698375 PMCID: PMC11067126 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the link between depression and untreated dental caries among adults in the United States. METHODS Data were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Survey (2015-2018); respondents aged 20 years or older who completed a patient health questionnaire and underwent a comprehensive oral examination were included. Participants were categorized into three groups according to depressive symptoms as follows: those with no, mild, or moderate to severe depression. Data were weighted, and multiple potential covariates were included in the analysis to provide national estimates and account for the complex sample design. A multivariable weighted logistic regression model was performed to test the hypothesis that varying degrees of depression in American adults are associated with untreated dental caries. Subgroup analyses were performed based on age and gender after adjusting for potential covariates. A P value of <.05 was considered significant. RESULTS Among 8740 participants, the prevalence of untreated coronal and root caries was 20.50% and 12.92%, respectively. Moderate to severe depression was a significant risk factor (odds ratio, 1.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-1.66) for untreated root caries. The risk of untreated root caries increased by 87% in young adults (aged 20-44 years) and by 46% in women with moderate to severe depression. The suest analysis revealed that the impact of moderate to severe depressive disorder on untreated root caries was non-significantly different between the age subgroup (p=0.09) and sex subgroup (p=0.51). However, depression was non-significantly associated with untreated coronal caries (mild depression: OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.85-1.34; moderate to severe depression 1.06; 95% CI, 0.83-1.36; respectively). CONCLUSION The results of this study suggested a significant association between moderate and severe depression and untreated root caries; however, the association with untreated coronal caries was non-significant. In the United States, moderate and severe depression in adults is associated with root caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zefeng Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingfang Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Libo He
- Department of Stomatology, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Ubolsa-Ard P, Sanon K, Hiraishi N, Sayed M, Sakamaki Y, Yiu CKY, Shimada Y. Influence of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler eluate on collagen morphology, remineralization, and ultimate tensile strength of demineralized dentin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106295. [PMID: 38096611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of ions released from surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) filler on collagen morphology, remineralization, and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of demineralized dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bovine incisor root dentins were demineralized with EDTA and divided into three treatment groups: 1) water (control); 2) S-PRG filler eluate; 3) 125 ppm sodium fluoride (NaF). After a 3-min treatment, the specimens were stored in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 3 months. Collagen morphology and remineralization were assessed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Additionally, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) was measured. RESULTS TEM and SEM demonstrated that S-PRG induced more effective remineralization compared to NaF, while the control group exhibited faint mineral deposition with collagen degradation. S-PRG displayed the most homogenous mineral deposition in collagen fibrils, along with closure of interfibrillar spaces. Extensive mineral precipitation was observed within dentinal tubules in the S-PRG group. In addition, S-PRG filler eluate demonstrated significantly higher phosphate-to-amide ratio and UTS compared to NaF and control groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Ion released from S-PRG filler positively influenced collagen morphology, remineralization, and ultimate tensile strength of demineralized dentin. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE S-PRG filler enhances remineralization and improve the biomechanics of demineralized dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchanit Ubolsa-Ard
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Kittisak Sanon
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan; Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand; Research Unit of Biomimetic and Regenerative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand
| | - Noriko Hiraishi
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
| | - Mahmoud Sayed
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan; Tokyo Dental College, Japan
| | - Yuriko Sakamaki
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
| | - Cynthia Kar Yung Yiu
- Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, China
| | - Yasushi Shimada
- Department of Cariology and Operative Dentistry, Division of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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Asahi Y, Naito K, Kanda H, Niwano K, Takegawa D, Yumoto H, Noiri Y, Hayashi M. Clinical Investigation of the Inhibitory Effects of Tooth-Coating Materials on Initial Active Root Caries: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:150. [PMID: 38256410 PMCID: PMC10820091 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Caredyne ZIF-C is a novel, capsule-mixed zinc-containing prototype glass ionomer cement (GIC). Zinc ions are reported to inhibit root dentin demineralization, dentin collagen degradation, bacterial growth, acid production, and in vitro bacterial biofilm formation. However, the effectiveness of GICs against initial root caries lesions is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of GICs, especially the new zinc-containing Caredyne ZIF-C GIC, as tooth-coating materials in patients with initial active root caries. Materials and Methods: A total of 58 lesions in 47 older adults (age > 65 years) were randomly allocated to one of the following three groups: Caredyne ZIF-C, Fuji VII (a conventional GIC), and sodium fluoride (NaF). All the lesions were treated with the assigned materials without removing the infected dentin, and the rates of dental plaque attachment and coating material fall-out were evaluated after 3, 6, and 12 months. The failure rate was defined as the number of teeth that needed restoration due to caries progression. Results: The plaque attachment rates tended to be lower in the material-coated root surfaces than in the healthy exposed root surfaces after 3, 6, and 12 months, although the differences among the three groups were not significant. Moreover, the coating material fall-out rate tended to be lower in the Caredyne ZIF-C group than in the Fuji VII group. There was no significant difference in the failure rate among the three groups at the 12 months mark. Conclusions: Though this pilot study offers a new direction for suppressing the progression of initial active root caries by controlling plaque attachment using GICs including Caredyne ZIF-C, clinical studies with a larger sample size are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Asahi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.N.); (H.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Katsuaki Naito
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.N.); (H.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Hikaru Kanda
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.N.); (H.K.); (M.H.)
| | - Kazuaki Niwano
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.N.)
| | - Daisuke Takegawa
- Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan;
| | - Hiromichi Yumoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan;
| | - Yuichiro Noiri
- Division of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata 951-8514, Japan; (K.N.); (Y.N.)
| | - Mikako Hayashi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; (K.N.); (H.K.); (M.H.)
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9
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Shi L, Zhu Z, Tian Q, He L. Association of Interdental Cleaning and Untreated Root Caries in Adults in the United States of America. Int Dent J 2023; 73:819-827. [PMID: 37316412 PMCID: PMC10658437 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the association between interdental cleaning and untreated root caries amongst middle-aged and older adults in the US. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (2015-2016 and 2017-2018). Adults aged ≥40 years who underwent full mouth examination and root caries assessment were included. Participants were classified based on their interdental cleaning frequency as none, 1-3 d/wk, and 4-7 d/wk. Associations between interdental cleaning and untreated root caries were assessed using a weighted multivariable logistic regression model adjusted for sociodemographics, general behaviour, general health condition, oral conditions, oral health behavior, and dietary factors. Subgroup analyses stratified by age and sex were performed after adjusting for covariates in the logistic regression models. RESULTS The prevalence of untreated root caries was 15.3% amongst 6217 participants. Interdental cleaning for 4-7 d/wk was a significant risk factor (odds ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval, 0.52-0.85). It was associated with a 40% reduction in the risk of untreated root caries in participants aged 40 to 64 years and a 37% reduction in women. Untreated root caries was also significantly associated with age, family income, smoking status, root restoration, number of teeth, untreated coronal caries, and recent dental visit. CONCLUSIONS Interdental cleaning for 4-7 d/wk was associated with fewer untreated root caries amongst middle-aged adults and women in the US. The risk of root caries increases with age. Low family income was a risk indicator for root caries amongst middle-aged adults. Additionally, smoking, root restoration, number of teeth, untreated coronal caries, and recent dental visits were common risk factors for root caries in middle-aged and older people in the US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhongxin Zhu
- Clinical Research Center, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiqi Tian
- Department of Stomatology, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Libo He
- Department of Stomatology, Xiaoshan Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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10
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Chen W, Zhu T, Zhang D. The prevalence and common risk indicators of root caries and oral health service utilization pattern among adults, a cross-sectional study. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16458. [PMID: 38025674 PMCID: PMC10676080 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Root caries is a prevalent oral health concern among adults, yet there remains a need for a comprehensive understanding of its occurrence and associated risk indicators. The present study was aimed to investigate the prevalence of root caries and to determine significantly associated indicators with it among adults. Methods The residents aged 35-74 years old were enrolled in a cross-sectional study in which dental examination were taken and structured questionnaires were collected in Zhejiang Province, China. All data were recorded in an electronic system and analyzed. Results The prevalence of decayed and filled root caries in 1,076 respondents was 31.9%. Elder age, greater attachment loss, and exposed root surface were associated with higher odds of incidence for decayed/filled roots and decayed roots. In the last 12 months, 27.4% of adults with decayed or filled roots and 23.2% of others utilized oral health services. Carious adults who had a very poor/poor oral health status were 2.905 times likely to report dental visits. People with sound roots who were female (OR = 2.103, P < 0.001), perceived their oral health status as moderate (OR = 1.802, P = 0.015), or poor/very poor (OR = 4.103, P < 0.001) were more likely to visit a dentist in the past 12 months. Conclusions Age, attachment loss and root exposure were most significantly associated with the prevalence of root caries. Individuals who recognize their poor or very poor oral health status should feel encouraged to make use of oral health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixing Chen
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tianer Zhu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Denghui Zhang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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11
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Giacaman RA, Umaña R, Nuñez MJ, Díaz-Garrido N, Echeverría C, García-Manríquez N, Mira A, Fernández CE, Gambetta-Tessini K, Lozano CP. Saliva Decreases Sucrose-Induced Cariogenicity in an Experimental Biological Caries Model. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1426. [PMID: 37374928 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether a minimum quantity of saliva inhibit the caries process remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of saliva dilutions on an in vitro caries model using Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms. METHODS S. mutans biofilms were cultivated on enamel and root dentin slabs, in culture media containing different proportions of saliva (v/v): 0%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% saliva, and exposed to a 10% sucrose solution (5 min, 3x/day), with appropriate controls. After 5 (enamel) and 4 (dentin) days, demineralization, biomass, viable bacteria, and polysaccharide formation were analyzed. The acidogenicity of the spent media was monitored overtime. Each assay was performed in triplicate across two independent experiments (n = 6). RESULTS In both enamel and dentin, an inverse relationship was observed between acidogenicity, demineralization, and the proportion of saliva. Even small quantities of saliva incorporated into the media led to a noticeable reduction in enamel and dentin demineralization. Saliva presence resulted in significant reductions in biomass, viable S. mutans cells, and polysaccharides, with the effects being concentration-dependent for both tissues. CONCLUSIONS High quantities of saliva can almost completely inhibit sucrose-induced cariogenicity, while even small amounts exhibit a dose-dependent caries-protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Consortium of Chilean State Universities, Chilecito 03825, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Umaña
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - María José Nuñez
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Natalia Díaz-Garrido
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Constanza Echeverría
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Natalia García-Manríquez
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics and Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Constanza E Fernández
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Karla Gambetta-Tessini
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Carla P Lozano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Oral Biology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8330111, Chile
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12
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Leung KCM, Chu CH. Dental Care for Older Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:214. [PMID: 36612536 PMCID: PMC9819414 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a global increase in the older population. Unfortunately, dental conditions in the older population can sometimes be poor as a result of worsened physical conditions and the cumulative damage caused by dental diseases in the past. Many suffer from oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease but receive no regular dental care. Oral conditions and systemic problems are interrelated. Chronic medical problems and polypharmacy are common among them. These conditions may lead to xerostomia with or without a decrease in saliva output. Additionally, many older adults have deteriorated masticatory function associated with physical health issues such as frailty. Preventive measures are crucial to stop oral diseases from progressing and the replacement of missing teeth is needed when masticatory function is impaired. Older adults also suffer a higher risk of oral cancer because of their less resilient but more permeable oral mucosa. With the increasing need for elderly dental care, dentists should equip themselves with knowledge and skills in geriatric dentistry. They should help older adults to develop and maintain the functional ability that enables well-being in older age. This communication article aims to discuss the relevant medical conditions, common dental diseases, and dental care for older adults.
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13
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Shoji M, Kurokawa H, Takahashi N, Sugimura R, Takamizawa T, Iwase K, Katsuki S, Miyazaki M. Evaluation of the effect of a glass ionomer cement containing fluoro-zinc-silicate glass on dentin remineralization using the ultrasonic pulse-echo method. Dent Mater J 2022; 41:560-566. [PMID: 35321976 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2021-318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of a glass ionomer cement (GIC) consisting of fluoro-zinc-silicate glass on the demineralization of bovine dentin using the ultrasonic pulse-echo method. The findings were compared with those obtained using a conventional GIC. Slabs of dentin from bovine teeth were sliced, shaped into a rectangular form, and immersed in 0.5 M ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution at 25ºC for 6 days, followed by storage in distilled water for 3 days. After demineralization, they were immersed in artificial saliva with and without the GIC specimens. The propagation times of the longitudinal ultrasonic waves in the samples were measured. The ultrasonic velocities of the fluoro-zinc-silicate glass-containing GICs were significantly increased 2-3 days after the start of the experiment and showed an upward trend thereafter. These findings indicate that the GICs containing fluoro-zinc-silicate glass might exhibit the potential to promote remineralization in the dentin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mone Shoji
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Hiroyasu Kurokawa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Nao Takahashi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Runa Sugimura
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | | | - Kei Iwase
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Shun Katsuki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Masashi Miyazaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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14
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Lepri C, De Castro D, Geraldo-Martins V, Faraoni J, Palma-Dibb R. Laser irradiation prevents root caries: Microhardness and scanning electron microscopy analysis. Indian J Dent Res 2022; 33:198-202. [DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_140_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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15
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Periodontal Pathogens Inhabit Root Caries Lesions Extending beyond the Gingival Margin: A Next-Generation Sequencing Analysis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9112349. [PMID: 34835473 PMCID: PMC8617989 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9112349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed a comprehensive microbiome analysis of root caries lesions using 22 teeth extracted from patients with severe periodontitis. The carious lesions were mechanically collected and cryo-pulverized following tooth extraction. Differences in the microbiome were compared between independent lesions at the supragingival site (SG) and lesions extending beyond the gingival margin (GCB). DNA was extracted and the microbiome was characterized on the basis of the V3-V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene using paired-end sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq device. The microbiota in root caries lesions showed compositionally distinct microbiota depending on the location. The most abundant OTUs in the SG group were Streptococcus (26.0%), Actinomyces (10.6%), and Prevotella (7.6%). GCB presented Prevotella (11.1%) as the most abundant genus, followed by Fusobacterium (9.6%) and Actinomyces (8.7%). The SG group showed a lack of uniformity in microbiota compared with the GCB group. The bacterial profiles of GCB varied considerably among patients, including periodontal pathogens such as Porphyromonas, Selenomonas, Filifactor, Peptococcus, and Tannerella. Periodontal pathogens inhabit root caries lesions that extend beyond the gingival margin. This study provides a new perspective for elucidating the microbial etiology of root caries.
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16
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Wakamatsu K, Kurokawa H, Okuwaki T, Takamizawa T, Tsujimoto A, Shiratsuchi K, Ishii R, Miyazaki M. Ultrasonic measurement of dentin remineralization effects of dentifrices and silver diamine fluoride. Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:528-535. [PMID: 33822667 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1906442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated the dentin remineralization effect of the application of a functionalized tri-calcium phosphate (fTCP) dentifrice and a silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution. MATERIAL AND METHODS The materials used were: a fluoride-containing dentifrice with fTCP (fTCP+), a fluoride-containing dentifrice without fTCP (fTCP-) and a 38% SDF solution. Following treatment, the dentin slabs were immersed in a 0.1-M lactic acid buffer solution and then placed in artificial saliva. This procedure was repeated three times daily for 28 days. The propagation time of longitudinal ultrasonic velocities (UV) and the Knoop hardness (KH) of the samples were measured. The samples were also observed using scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The SDF and fTCP+ groups showed higher UV than the fTCP - group regardless of the application method. The F-SDF group at 28 days showed significantly higher UV (4121 ± 102 m/s) than the F-fTCP + group (3731 ± 65 m/s) (p < .05). The F-SDF group at 28 days showed significantly higher KH (47.4 ± 2.2) than the F-fTCP+ group (43.3 ± 1.0) and the F-fTCP - group (42.9 ± 2.1) (p < .05). Closure of the dentinal tubules and crystal precipitation was detected on the surface of the fTCP+ group to a greater extent than the fTCP - group. CONCLUSIONS The fTCP-containing dentifrice and SDF solution effectively enhanced bovine dentin remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Wakamatsu
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Kurokawa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketo Okuwaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takamizawa
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akimasa Tsujimoto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Shiratsuchi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Ishii
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Miyazaki
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Duke A, MacInnes A. What are the main factors associated with root caries? Evid Based Dent 2021; 22:16-17. [PMID: 33772123 DOI: 10.1038/s41432-021-0148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Data sources Medline, EMBASE, PubMed and Scopus databases were used as the data sources for the systematic review. Articles published between 1 January 1990 to 31 October 2018 were included with no language restrictions. A manual search of the references lists of the selected studies and review articles was conducted.Study selection Two independent researchers identified observational studies that investigated at least one risk factor of root caries in the study population. Studies were only included if they demonstrated statistical analysis of data on root caries, had a sample size of >100 and were in vivo. A third researcher was consulted to achieve consensus if there was disagreement. Methodological quality was evaluated via the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies.Data extraction and synthesis Data was extracted and pooled into descriptive summary tables with study characteristics and results. Data on the presence and extent of root caries was recorded in addition to information on the relationship between the studied factors and root caries found in the unadjusted and adjusted data. Due to heterogeneity of key aspects among the included studies, meta-analysis was not conducted. Data were grouped under six categories - sociodemographic, general health behaviour, general health condition, fluoride exposure, oral health behaviour and oral health condition - and qualitatively analysed.Results Following screening of 984 articles, 62 were included in methodological quality assessment. Twenty-five were classified as moderate quality, 37 as low quality and 18 excluded. Of the 44 included articles which were qualitatively analysed, a higher association of dental caries was found in tobacco users and those with low socioeconomic status, gingival recession, poor oral hygiene and in older age groups.Conclusions Based on the present evidence, there are a number of factors associated with root caries. More high-quality observational analytical studies are needed in this field in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Duke
- Dental Core Trainee, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, UK
| | - Andrew MacInnes
- StR In Restorative Dentistry, Glasgow Dental Hospital and School, UK
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18
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Yu L, Yu X, Li Y, Yang F, Hong J, Qin D, Song G, Hua F. The additional benefit of professional fluoride application for children as an adjunct to regular fluoride toothpaste: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:3409-3419. [PMID: 33782769 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03909-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether professional fluoride application (PFA) used in addition to regular fluoride toothpaste (RFT, ≥ 1,000 ppm) is more effective than RFT alone in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic search was conducted using the PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar and CENTRAL databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness of RFT + PFA and RFT alone were included. Meta-analyses with random-effects models were performed. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS A total of 2,729 records were identified from electronic and manual searches, which were screened by two reviewers independently and in duplicate. Six RCTs (5,034 participants) were included, of which four had high risk of bias and two had unclear risk of bias. The PFA used in all these trials was fluoride varnish (FV). In meta-analyses, no significant difference was observed between participants receiving FV + RFT and RFT alone of d(m/e)fs increment (mean difference (MD) - 0.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) - 0.60 to 0.26, P = 0.43, I2 = 38%; 6 trials, 5,034 participants, moderate certainty evidence), incidence of caries (risk ratio (RR) 0.91, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.05, P = 0.21, I2 = 41%; 4 trials, 4,487 participants, moderate certainty evidence) or changes in prevalence of caries (RR 0.89, 95% CI 0.78 to 1.01, P = 0.07, I2 = 0%, 4 trials, 4,189 participants, low certainty evidence). CONCLUSIONS Low to moderate certainty evidence suggests that FV does not have significant additional caries-preventive benefit for children (under 8 years old) when provided as an adjunct to daily tooth brushing with RFT (≥ 1,000 ppm). There is insufficient evidence regarding the additional benefit of other PFA interventions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The decision to apply FV to children needs to be made in light of their actual usage of RFT. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42020165270).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lintong Yu
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Xueqian Yu
- Library, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueyang Li
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengjiao Yang
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jialan Hong
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Danchen Qin
- Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangtai Song
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, Wuhan, 430079, China.
| | - Fang Hua
- Centre for Evidence-Based Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Luoyu Road 237, Wuhan, 430079, China.
- Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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19
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Edman K, Holmlund A, Norderyd O. 'Caries disease among an elderly population-A 10-year longitudinal study'. Int J Dent Hyg 2021; 19:166-175. [PMID: 33523601 DOI: 10.1111/idh.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of dental caries and to identify risk factors for dental caries in an elderly population between 2008 and 2018. METHODS This longitudinal study used data from a questionnaire survey and a clinical examination administered on two occasions 10 years apart to 273 individuals who were 65 and 75 years of age in 2008. The variables included were prevalence of dental caries as well as socioeconomic and socio-behavioural factors. RESULTS The number of teeth decreased in both age groups by a mean of 2 over the 10-year study period, but the prevalence of dental caries remained stable. Approximately, a quarter of the participants had caries lesions. Toothbrushing once a day or less was the factor most strongly correlated with dental caries lesions (OR: 3.82, 95% CI: 1.68-8.66, p = 0.001), followed by need for homecare (OR: 3.50, 95% CI: 1.55-7.93, p = 0.003) and interproximal cleaning less than once a day (OR: 2.65, 95% CI: 1.36-5.19, p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS This longitudinal study revealed no increase in the prevalence of dental caries lesions, indicating that good oral health can be preserved among elderly people. The highest risk for dental caries lesions was among participants with inadequate oral hygiene routines (toothbrushing once a day or less and seldom using interproximal devices) and in need of help in daily living, emphasizing the importance of oral hygiene and collaboration between dental services and community-based health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Edman
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Faculty, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Center for Public Dental Services, Region Dalarna County, Falun, Sweden.,Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University/Region Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
| | - Anders Holmlund
- Public Dental Services, Region Gävleborg County, Gävle, Sweden.,Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University/Region Gävleborg, Gävle, Sweden
| | - Ola Norderyd
- Institute for Postgraduate Dental Education, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden.,Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.,Centre for Oral Health, School of Health Sciences, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
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20
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Cai J, Burrow MF, Manton DJ, Hardiman R, Palamara JEA. Remineralising effects of fluoride varnishes containing calcium phosphate on artificial root caries lesions with adjunctive application of proanthocyanidin. Dent Mater 2020; 37:143-157. [PMID: 33267974 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the remineralising effects of fluoride (F) varnishes containing bioavailable calcium-phosphate compound (Ca-P) based remineralisation systems and 5000 ppm F toothpaste (FTP) on root caries lesions (RCLs) and the potential effects of proanthocyanidin (PA) for the treatments of RCLs when used as an adjunct to F regimens. METHODS Demineralised root dentine and a pH-cycling model were used to mimic RCLs and the oral environment. Remineralising effects of MI VarnishTM (MIV) containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) and Clinpro™ White Varnish (CPWV) containing tri-calcium phosphate (TCP) along with FTP and PA were evaluated regarding the birefringence, elemental composition, mechanical properties and mineral density of remineralised dentine with DuraphatTM as a comparison. RESULTS MIV, CPWV and DuraphatTM promoted the incorporation of F into RCLs and increased mineral density but did not change microhardness of root dentine significantly. Surface microhardness increased significantly when MIV or CPWV was used with 5000 ppm FTP. Application of PA with F regimens significantly increased subsurface mineral density. When PA was applied with MIV or CPWV along with FTP, the highest ion uptake and relative mineral gain (%ΔZ) was achieved, and significant increase of microhardness was up to 30 μm depth. Generally, MIV was associated with a higher mineral content gain than CPWV. SIGNIFICANCE Treatment of carious root surfaces remains challenging due to the complex pathological processes and difficulty in restoring the highly organised structure of root dentine. Treatment strategies targeting both remineralisation and preservation of the dentinal organic matrix have the potential to improve the fluoride-mediated remineralisation approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cai
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Michael F Burrow
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; Faculty of Dentistry, the University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David J Manton
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia; Centrum voor Tandheelkunde en Mondzorgkunde, UMCG, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rita Hardiman
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia
| | - Joseph E A Palamara
- Melbourne Dental School, The University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Australia.
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21
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AlQranei MS, Balhaddad AA, Melo MAS. The burden of root caries: Updated perspectives and advances on management strategies. Gerodontology 2020; 38:136-153. [PMID: 33236462 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root caries has gained much attention in the last few years. As the world's population is ageing and people currently tend to retain more teeth compared with older generations, there is an increased prevalence of periodontal disease and gingival recession, which may accelerate the onset of root caries. OBJECTIVE This review aims to summarise recent findings related to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of root caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS MEDLINE (OVID) and Scopus (Elsevier) searches were performed to identify and discuss articles that address the pathogenicity and clinical management of root caries. RESULTS Root caries is a multifactorial disease. Cariogenic species involved in root caries are less dependent on carbohydrates since collagen degradation inside the dentinal tubules can provide nutrients and microcavities for the invading microorganisms. Furthermore, the root surface has fewer minerals in comparison with enamel, which may accelerate the onset of demineralisation. Root caries could be prevented by patient education, modification of risk factors, and the use of in-office and home remineralisation tools. The use of non-invasive approaches to control root caries is recommended, as the survival rate of root caries restorations is poor. When plaque control is impossible and a deep/large cavity is present, glass ionomer or resin-based restorations can be placed. CONCLUSION The assessment of root carious lesions is critical to determine the lesion activity and the required intervention. Dental practitioners should also be aware of different prevention and treatment approaches to design optimum oral health care for root caries-affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S AlQranei
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Balhaddad
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mary A S Melo
- Division of Operative Dentistry, Department of General Dentistry, University of Maryland Dental School, Baltimore, MD, USA
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The impact of oral health on physical fitness: A systematic review. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03774. [PMID: 32346633 PMCID: PMC7182722 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral health problems may have numerous effects on general health, including physical fitness and performance. In this review, we aimed to systematically review the available evidence to assess the effect of oral health on general physical fitness. Methods We systematically performed a literature search in two different databases (PUBMED and EMBASE) without restriction to the year of publication. Articles were included if the subjects were humans and the primary aim was to assess the effects of dental and/or oral health problems on physical activity using either objective physical measurements or physical performance tests. The quality of the studies was then assessed using a Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool. Results A total of 2651 articles were initially retrieved from the systematic search of the literature. Of these, a final total of 11 articles following the inclusion criteria were included in the review. All of the 11 articles included in the review had good methodological quality. Of the 11 articles, ten articles suggested a correlation between dental and oral condition toward physical fitness, body balance, cardiorespiratory function, and also cognitive function. Only one article found contradictory results, which showed that periodontal conditions did not correlate with the cardiorespiratory function. Malocclusion, including the number of remaining teeth, was reported in five studies (45.4%), periodontal disease was evaluated in six studies (54.5%), along with slight evaluation of periapical inflammation. Conclusion This review suggests that there is a negative effect of poor dental and/or oral health on physical fitness and performance.
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23
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Gavriilidou NN, Belibasakis GN. Root caries: the intersection between periodontal disease and dental caries in the course of ageing. Br Dent J 2020; 227:1063-1067. [PMID: 31873267 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-019-0973-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Caries and periodontitis are the primary non-communicable oral diseases among elderly individuals. The burden of the disease increases with ageing, particularly as the elderly are tending to retain more teeth due to improvement of oral health measures and increased life expectancy. Root caries represents itself as an overlapping pathology, but not necessarily a summation of the two diseases. This narrative commentary discusses the cross-boundary nature of root caries, a periodontal-cariological condition, taking into account the multi-morbidities of ageing. The evidence includes epidemiological and pathophysiological features of root caries, and specific influencing factors of ageing, such as xerostomia, polypharmacy, functional and cognitive impairment and oral ecological alterations. Active or previous history of periodontal disease poses a risk for root caries, whereas the systemic co-morbidities of ageing may also increase the susceptibility to this pathology. It is plausible that root caries is the net outcome of coexisting risk for these conditions. There exists no standardised system for risk assessment and diagnosis that takes into account the interactive effect of caries, periodontitis and the constellation of age-specific influencing factors. As restorative treatment is challenging, cost-effective prevention and diagnosis methods are needed for vulnerable elderly populations. These may include improved clinical registration methods and establishment of individualised prevention and treatment protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivetha N Gavriilidou
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allè 8, 14104, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Alfred Nobels allè 8, 14104, Huddinge, Sweden
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Zhang J, Leung KCM, Chu CH, Lo ECM. Risk indicators for root caries in older adults using long‐term social care facilities in Hong Kong. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2019; 48:14-20. [DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chun H. Chu
- The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong Hong Kong
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Coll PP, Lindsay A, Meng J, Gopalakrishna A, Raghavendra S, Bysani P, O'Brien D. The Prevention of Infections in Older Adults: Oral Health. J Am Geriatr Soc 2019; 68:411-416. [PMID: 31479533 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The oral cavity is exposed to the external environment and from a very young age is colonized by infectious agents. Under certain circumstances including poor oral hygiene, dry mouth, trauma, and the use of antibiotics, oral infections can occur. They can result in damage to the oral cavity including teeth and their support structures. Oral infections can also lead to the extension of infection into surrounding tissues and to systemic infections. Chronic oral infection is a recognized risk factor for heart disease. Older adults are at high risk for oral infections and associated complications. Tooth loss, for which infection is the most significant cause, leads to cosmetic changes and a decreased ability to masticate certain foods that can lead to malnutrition. Chronic oral infections and the manipulation of teeth and supporting structures can lead to the hematogenous spread of infection including the infection of artificial joints and endocardial implants. Good oral hygiene, the use of fluoride, regular dental care, and the appropriate use of antibiotics can all reduce oral infections and their associated complications. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:411-416, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick P Coll
- Department of Family Medicine & Center on Aging, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Adam Lindsay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Joyce Meng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Aadarsh Gopalakrishna
- Division of General Dentistry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Sree Raghavendra
- Division of General Dentistry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Pooja Bysani
- Division of General Dentistry, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Daniel O'Brien
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut
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High fluoride dentifrice for preventing and arresting root caries in community-dwelling older adults: A randomized controlled clinical trial. J Dent 2019; 86:110-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Göstemeyer G, da Mata C, McKenna G, Schwendicke F. Atraumatic vs conventional restorative treatment for root caries lesions in older patients: Meta- and trial sequential analysis. Gerodontology 2019; 36:285-293. [PMID: 31125136 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to appraise the comparative clinical efficacy of atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) versus conventional restorative treatment (CT) using a meta-analysis, and assessed the robustness of evidence by trial sequential analysis (TSA). BACKGROUND Due to its simplified clinical approach, ART may be advantageous over CT for restoration of root caries lesions in institutionalised older patients. METHODS Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL) were screened, and hand searches and cross-referencing performed to identify randomised controlled trials reporting on survival of ART vs CT for restoration of root caries in older patients. Trial selection, data extraction and risk of bias assessment were performed by two independent reviewers. ART and CT were compared using fixed- or random-effects pairwise meta-analysis for per-protocol (PP), intention-to-treat (ITT) and best-case scenarios. TSA was used to control for risk of random errors. RESULTS A total of 235 studies were identified, and three trials involving 130 patients (463 restorations) were included. Risk of bias was high or moderate in all but one trial. ART was associated with a significantly increased risk of failure (OR [95% CI] 2.06 [1.06/4.00]) in PP- but not in ITT analysis (1.36 [0.92/2.02]). Analyses for best-case scenarios found great uncertainty introduced by attrition. No firm evidence was reached according to TSA. CONCLUSIONS For restoration of root caries, there is insufficient data to clearly rule out whether differences between ART and CT exist. Limited available data indicate there might be an increased risk of failure for ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Göstemeyer
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cristiane da Mata
- Cork University Dental School and Hospital, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerald McKenna
- Centre for Public Health, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Falk Schwendicke
- Department of Operative and Preventive Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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