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Liu LY, He SJ, Chen Z, Ge M, Lyu CY, Gao D, Yu JP, Cai MH, Yuan JX, Zhang JL. The Role of Regulatory Cell Death in Vitiligo. DNA Cell Biol 2024; 43:61-73. [PMID: 38153369 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is one of the common chronic autoimmune skin diseases in clinic, which is characterized by localized or generalized depigmentation and seriously affects the physical and mental health of patients. At present, the pathogenesis of vitiligo is not clear; mainly, heredity, autoimmunity, oxidative stress, melanocyte (MC) self-destruction, and the destruction, death, or dysfunction of MCs caused by various reasons are always the core of vitiligo. Regulatory cell death (RCD) is an active and orderly death mode of cells regulated by genes, which widely exists in various life activities, plays a pivotal role in maintaining the homeostasis of the organism, and is closely related to the occurrence and development of many diseases. With the deepening of the research and understanding of RCD, people gradually found that there are many different forms of RCD in the lesions and perilesional skin of vitiligo patients, such as apoptosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and so on. Different cell death modes have different mechanisms in vitiligo, and different RCDs can interact and regulate each other. In this article, the mechanism related to RCD in the pathogenesis of vitiligo is reviewed, which provides new ideas for exploring the pathogenesis and targeted treatment of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyu-Ye Liu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Si-Jia He
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Chen
- First Clinical Medical College Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Man Ge
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yi Lyu
- First Clinical Medical College Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Gao
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Peng Yu
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng-Han Cai
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Xiang Yuan
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Ling Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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2
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Post NF, Ginski G, Peters R, Van Uden NOP, Bekkenk MW, Wolkerstorfer A, Netea MG, Luiten RM. Trained immunity in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023; 36:348-354. [PMID: 37293969 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is caused by an autoimmune reaction against melanocytes leading to melanocyte loss. The cause of vitiligo is an interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors. Both the adaptive immune system-through cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and melanocyte specific antibodies-and the innate immune system are involved in these immune processes in vitiligo. While recent data stressed the importance of innate immunity in vitiligo, the question remains why vitiligo patients' immune response becomes overly activated. Could a long-term increase in innate memory function, described as trained immunity after vaccination and in other inflammatory diseases, play a role as an enhancer and continuous trigger in the pathogenesis of vitiligo? After exposure to certain stimuli, innate immune system is able to show an enhanced immunological response to a secondary trigger, indicating a memory function of the innate immune system, a concept termed trained immunity. Trained immunity is regulated by epigenetic reprogramming, including histone chemical modifications and changes in chromatin accessibility that cause sustained changes in the transcription of specific genes. In responses to an infection, trained immunity is beneficial. However, there are indications of a pathogenic role of trained immunity in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, with monocytes presenting features of a trained phenotype, resulting in increased cytokine production, altered cell metabolism through mTOR signaling, and epigenetic modifications. This hypothesis paper focusses on vitiligo studies that have shown these indications, suggesting the involvement of trained immunity in vitiligo. Future studies focusing on metabolic and epigenetic changes in innate immune cell populations in vitiligo could help in elucidating the potential role of trained immunity in vitiligo pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoline F Post
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Greta Ginski
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rens Peters
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nathalie O P Van Uden
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcel W Bekkenk
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Wolkerstorfer
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mihai G Netea
- Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rosalie M Luiten
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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3
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Lyu C, Sun Y. Immunometabolism in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1055958. [PMID: 36439174 PMCID: PMC9684661 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1055958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common depigmenting skin disorder characterized by the selective loss of melanocytes. Autoimmunity, genetic, environmental, and biochemical etiology have been proposed in vitiligo pathogenesis. However, the exact molecular mechanisms of vitiligo development and progression are unclear, particularly for immunometabolism. Sporadic studies have suggested mitochondrial dysfunction, enhanced oxidative stress, and specific defects in other metabolic pathways can promote dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses in vitiligo. These abnormalities appear to be driven by genetic and epigenetic factors modulated by stochastic events. In addition, glucose and lipid abnormalities in metabolism have been associated with vitiligo. Specific skin cell populations are also involved in the critical role of dysregulation of metabolic pathways, including melanocytes, keratinocytes, and tissue-resident memory T cells in vitiligo pathogenesis. Novel therapeutic treatments are also raised based on the abnormalities of immunometabolism. This review summarizes the current knowledge on immunometabolism reprogramming in the pathogenesis of vitiligo and novel treatment options.
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Shining Light on Autophagy in Skin Pigmentation and Pigmentary Disorders. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192999. [PMID: 36230960 PMCID: PMC9563738 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital process for cell survival and it preserves homeostasis by recycling or disassembling unnecessary or dysfunctional cellular constituents. Autophagy ameliorates skin integrity, regulating epidermal differentiation and constitutive pigmentation. It induces melanogenesis and contributes to skin color through melanosome turnover. Autophagy activity is involved in skin phenotypic plasticity and cell function maintenance and, if altered, it concurs to the onset and/or progression of hypopigmentary and hyperpigmentary disorders. Overexpression of autophagy exerts a protective role against the intrinsic metabolic stress occurring in vitiligo skin, while its dysfunction has been linked to the tuberous sclerosis complex hypopigmentation. Again, autophagy impairment reduces melanosome degradation by concurring to pigment accumulation characterizing senile lentigo and melasma. Here we provide an updated review that describes recent findings on the crucial role of autophagy in skin pigmentation, thus revealing the complex interplay among melanocyte biology, skin environment and autophagy. Hence, targeting this process may also represent a promising strategy for treating pigmentary disorders.
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Jun SL, Sun J, Huo X, Feng Q, Li Y, Xie X, Geng S. Lipopolysaccharide reduces melanin synthesis in vitiligo melanocytes by regulating autophagy. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:1579-1585. [PMID: 35733278 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitiligo is an autoimmune-related disease with a complex aetiology that involves innate immunity. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important parts of innate immunity and are related to a variety of autoimmune diseases, including vitiligo, through an unknown mechanism. In this study, we found that the TLR4 gene expression was increased in blood samples of patients with advanced stage vitiligo, and then we evaluated the effect of TLR4 ligand lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on melanin synthesis in a vitiligo melanocyte cell line PIG3V and along with its mechanism. LPS suppressed melanin synthesis, downregulated the expression of melanin synthesis-related proteins, and activated autophagy in vitiligo melanocytes. Inhibiting autophagy with 3-methyladenine or chloroquine blocked these effects. This suggests that LPS inhibits skin pigmentation by modulating autophagy, thus providing novel insights into the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Li Jun
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingying Sun
- Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueping Huo
- Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Li
- Central Laboratory of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Farag AGA, Badr EAE, El-Shafey AESS, Elshaib ME. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 circulating levels in non-segmental vitiligo. An Bras Dermatol 2021; 97:28-36. [PMID: 34839983 PMCID: PMC8799849 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vitiligo is an acquired and progressive mucocutaneous disease resulting from the loss of active epidermal melanocytes. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) affects about 25% of the world’s population and is linked to inflammatory skin diseases including vitiligo. Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 (FABP4) is an intracellular lipid chaperone. FABP4 is closely associated with MetS. Objectives To evaluate the serum level of FABP4 in vitiligo patients and its relation to MetS in the investigated cases. Methods This case control study was conducted on 45 patients having non segmental vitiligo and 45 matched controls. Their lipid profile, blood glucose and serum FABP4 levels were measured. Results There were significant elevations in FABP4 (p < 0.001), cholesterol (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p = 0.005), and glucose (fasting [p = 0.001] and 2 hours post prandial [p < 0.001]) levels in patients in comparison with controls. MetS was significantly more prevalent among vitiligo patients (p < 0.001) and associated with high FABP4 serum levels (p = 0.037). In vitiligo patients, there were significant positive correlations between FABP4 serum levels and triglycerides (p = 0.047), cholesterol (p = 0.001) and LDL (p = 0.001) levels and negative correlation regarding HDL level (p = 0.009). FABP4 level was a significantly good diagnostic test for early detection of vitiligo (p < 0.001). Study limitations The small number of studied subjects. Conclusions FABP4 may play an active role in the disease process of vitiligo that could be mediated through associated dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. FABP4 may be a marker of vitiligo helping in its early diagnosis, but it does not appear to be useful for determining vitiligo severity, activity or associated MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eman A E Badr
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin AlKom, Egypt
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Immunophenotypic Analysis Reveals Differences in Circulating Immune Cells in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Segmental and Nonsegmental Vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:876-883.e3. [PMID: 34166674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating studies have indicated immune-based destruction of melanocytes in both segmental vitiligo (SV) and non-SV (NSV). Whereas SV often occurs unilaterally during childhood and stabilizes after an initial period of activity, the disease course of NSV is usually slowly progressive, with new lesions occurring bilaterally during life. This suggests an involvement of distinct pathophysiology pathways, specifically increased systemic immune activation in patients with NSV but not in patients with SV. This research aimed to identify the differences in immune cells in the blood of patients with SV and NSV through immunophenotyping of circulating cells. Regulatory T cells were unaffected in patients with SV compared with that in healthy controls but decreased in patients with NSV. In patients with NSV, the reduction in regulatory T cells was associated with the presence of other systemic autoimmune comorbidities, which were less present in SV. Similarly, the absence of a melanocyte-specific antibody response in patients with SV suggests less involvement of B-cell immunity in SV. These data show that in contrast to patients with NSV, no increased systemic immunity is found in patients with SV, indicating that SV pathogenesis is associated with a localized cytotoxic reaction targeting epidermal melanocytes.
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8
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Identification of differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways in human conjunctiva and reproductive tract infected with Chlamydia trachomatis. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:22. [PMID: 33875006 PMCID: PMC8056519 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00313-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Currently, Chlamydia trachomatis–specific host defense mechanisms in humans remain poorly defined. To study the characteristics of host cells infected early with Chlamydia trachomatis, we used bioinformatics methods to analyze the RNA transcription profiles of the conjunctiva, fallopian tubes, and endometrium in humans infected with Chlamydia trachomatis. Method The gene expression profiles of GSE20430, GSE20436, GSE26692, and GSE41075 were downloaded from the Gene Expression Synthesis (GEO) database. Then, we obtained the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through the R 4.0.1 software. STRING was used to construct protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks; then, the Cytoscape 3.7.2 software was used to visualize the PPI and screen hub genes. GraphPad Prism 8.0 software was used to verify the expression of the hub gene. In addition, the gene–miRNA interaction was constructed on the NetworkAnalyst 3.0 platform using the miRTarBase v8.0 database. Results A total of 600 and 135 DEGs were screened out in the conjunctival infection group and the reproductive tract infection group, respectively. After constructing a PPI network and verifying the hub genes, CSF2, CD40, and CSF3 in the reproductive tract infection group proved to have considerable statistical significance. Conclusion In our research, the key genes in the biological process of reproductive tract infection with Chlamydia trachomatis were clarified through bioinformatics analysis. These hub genes may be further used in clinical treatment and clinical diagnosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40246-021-00313-8.
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Zhang J, Yu S, Hu W, Wang M, Abudoureyimu D, Luo D, Li T, Long L, Zeng H, Cheng C, Lei Z, Teng J, Kang X. Comprehensive Analysis of Cell Population Dynamics and Related Core Genes During Vitiligo Development. Front Genet 2021; 12:627092. [PMID: 33679890 PMCID: PMC7933673 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.627092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common immune-related depigmentation condition, and its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study used a combination of bioinformatics methods and expression analysis techniques to explore the relationship between immune cell infiltration and gene expression in vitiligo. Previously reported gene expression microarray data from the skin (GSE53146 and GSE75819) and peripheral blood (GSE80009 and GSE90880) of vitiligo patients and healthy controls was used in the analysis. R software was used to filter the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each dataset, and the KOBAS 2.0 server was used to perform functional enrichment analysis. Compared with healthy controls, the upregulated genes in skin lesions and peripheral blood leukocytes of vitiligo patents were highly enriched in immune response pathways and inflammatory response signaling pathways. Immunedeconv software and the EPIC method were used to analyze the expression levels of marker genes to obtain the immune cell population in the samples. In the lesional skin of vitiligo patients, the proportions of macrophages, B cells and NK cells were increased compared with healthy controls. In the peripheral blood of vitiligo patients, CD8+ T cells and macrophages were significantly increased. A coexpression analysis of the cell populations and DEGs showed that differentially expressed immune and inflammation response genes had a strong positive correlation with macrophages. The TLR4 receptor pathway, interferon gamma-mediated signaling pathway and lipopolysaccharide-related pathway were positively correlated with CD4+ T cells. Regarding immune response-related genes, the overexpression of IFITM2, TNFSF10, GZMA, ADAMDEC1, NCF2, ADAR, SIGLEC16, and WIPF2 were related to macrophage abundance, while the overexpression of ICOS, GPR183, RGS1, ILF2 and CD28 were related to CD4+ T cell abundance. GZMA and CXCL10 expression were associated with CD8+ T cell abundance. Regarding inflammatory response-related genes, the overexpression of CEBPB, ADAM8, CXCR3, and TNIP3 promoted macrophage infiltration. Only ADORA1 expression was associated with CD4+ T cell infiltration. ADAM8 and CXCL10 expression were associated with CD8+ T cell abundance. The overexpression of CCL18, CXCL10, FOS, NLRC4, LY96, HCK, MYD88, and KLRG1, which are related to inflammation and immune responses, were associated with macrophage abundance. We also found that immune cells infiltration in vitiligo was associated with antigen presentation-related genes expression. The genes and pathways identified in this study may point to new directions for vitiligo treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhan Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Shirong Yu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Man Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Dilinuer Abudoureyimu
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Dong Luo
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Linglong Long
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, China
| | - Chao Cheng
- Center for Genome Analysis, ABLife Inc., Wuhan, China
| | - Zixian Lei
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Jianan Teng
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Medical School, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaojing Kang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Dermatology Research, Urumqi, China
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Speeckaert R, Lambert J, Bulat V, Belpaire A, Speeckaert M, van Geel N. Autoimmunity in Segmental Vitiligo. Front Immunol 2020; 11:568447. [PMID: 33193342 PMCID: PMC7655129 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.568447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The autoimmune basis of segmental vitiligo (SV) has only recently been recognized. Systemic autoimmune diseases are less frequently associated compared to non-segmental vitiligo (NSV), but localized skin disorders - in particular linear morphea - have been repeatedly observed in patients with SV. The inflammatory response is documented on a clinical level with cases displaying erythematous borders or a hypochromic stage, on a histopathological level with predominantly CD8 lymphocytes migrating toward the basal layer and by flow cytometry demonstrating the antimelanocyte specificity of these cytotoxic T cells. The increased risk for halo naevi and NSV in these patients further underline the immune-mediated mechanisms of SV. Nonetheless, the localized and unique distribution pattern points to somatic mosaicism. This places SV in a category of similar diseases such as lichen striatus, blaschkitis, linear lupus erythematosus, and linear scleroderma where an immune reaction against genetically mutated skin cells is believed to be the underlying cause. All these disorders are characterized by a young age of onset, a temporary disease activity with spontaneous resolution, limited response to treatment, and often long-term sequelae. Although challenging, genetic research proving this genetic mosaicism could offer crucial insights into the pathogenesis of both segmental and non-segmental vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo Lambert
- Department of Dermatology, Gent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | - Vedrana Bulat
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Arno Belpaire
- Department of Dermatology, Gent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Nanja van Geel
- Department of Dermatology, Gent University Hospital, Gent, Belgium
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11
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RNA-seq Reveals Dysregulation of Novel Melanocyte Genes upon Oxidative Stress: Implications in Vitiligo Pathogenesis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:2841814. [PMID: 31871544 PMCID: PMC6913168 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2841814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is known to induce melanocyte death, but the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. To identify oxidative stress-induced global gene expression changes in melanocytes, we treated PIG1 melanocytes with H2O2 in a dose- and time-dependent manner and performed RNA-seq. This approach allowed us to capture the events occurring early as well as late phase after treatment with H2O2. Our bioinformatics analysis identified differentially expressed genes involved in various biological processes of melanocytes which are known to contribute to the vitiligo development, such as apoptosis, autophagy, cell cycle regulation, cell adhesion, immune and inflammatory responses, melanocyte pluripotency, and developmental signaling such as WNT and NOTCH pathways. We uncovered several novel genes that are not previously described to be involved in melanocytic response to stress nor in vitiligo pathogenesis. Quantitative PCR and western blot analysis of selected proteins, performed on PIG1 and primary human epidermal melanocytes, confirmed the RNA-seq data. Interestingly, we discovered an aberrant regulation of several transcription factors that are involved in diabetes, neurological, and psychiatric diseases, all of which are comorbid conditions in patients with vitiligo. Our results may lead to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying vitiligo pathogenesis and help developing new drug targets for effective treatment.
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12
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Veiga-Castelli L, de Oliveira ML, Pereira A, Debortoli G, Marcorin L, Fracasso N, Silva G, Souza A, Massaro J, Simões AL, Sabbagh A, Cardili R, Donadi E, Castelli E, Mendes-Junior C. HLA-G Polymorphisms Are Associated with Non-segmental Vitiligo among Brazilians. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090463. [PMID: 31505868 PMCID: PMC6769860 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Vitiligo is characterized by white patches on the skin caused by loss of melanocyte activity or the absence of these cells. The available treatments minimize the symptoms by retarding the process of skin depigmentation or re-pigmenting the affected regions. New studies are required for a better comprehension of the mechanisms that trigger the disease and for the development of more efficient treatments. Studies have suggested an autoimmune feature for vitiligo, based on the occurrence of other autoimmune diseases in vitiligo patients and their relatives, and on the involvement of genes related to the immune response. (2) Methods: We evaluated, by massive parallel sequencing, polymorphisms of the HLA-G gene in vitiligo patients and control samples, to verify if variants of this gene could influence the susceptibility to vitiligo. (3) Results: We detected an association with non-segmental vitiligo regarding the haplotype Distal-010101a/G*01:01:01:01/UTR-1, adjusting for population stratification by using ancestry-informative markers (AIMs). (4) Conclusions: It remains unclear whether the HLA-G variants associated with vitiligo were detected because of the high linkage disequilibrium (LD) with HLA-A*02, or if the HLA-A variants previously reported as associated with vitiligo were detected because of the high LD with HLA-G*01:01:01:01/UTR-1, or if both genes jointly contribute to vitiligo susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Veiga-Castelli
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14049-900, Brazil; (M.L.d.O.); (A.P.); (G.D.); (L.M.); (N.F.); (A.L.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-16-3315-0417; Fax: +55-16-3315-4838
| | - Maria Luiza de Oliveira
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14049-900, Brazil; (M.L.d.O.); (A.P.); (G.D.); (L.M.); (N.F.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Alison Pereira
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14049-900, Brazil; (M.L.d.O.); (A.P.); (G.D.); (L.M.); (N.F.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Guilherme Debortoli
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14049-900, Brazil; (M.L.d.O.); (A.P.); (G.D.); (L.M.); (N.F.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Letícia Marcorin
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14049-900, Brazil; (M.L.d.O.); (A.P.); (G.D.); (L.M.); (N.F.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Nádia Fracasso
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14049-900, Brazil; (M.L.d.O.); (A.P.); (G.D.); (L.M.); (N.F.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Guilherme Silva
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Pesquisas Forenses e Genômicas, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-901, Brazil; (G.S.); (C.M.-J.)
| | - Andreia Souza
- Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, State of São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil; (A.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Juliana Massaro
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14049-900, Brazil; (J.M.); (R.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Aguinaldo Luiz Simões
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14049-900, Brazil; (M.L.d.O.); (A.P.); (G.D.); (L.M.); (N.F.); (A.L.S.)
| | - Audrey Sabbagh
- UMR 216 MERIT IRD, Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 75006 Paris, France;
| | - Renata Cardili
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14049-900, Brazil; (J.M.); (R.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Eduardo Donadi
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14049-900, Brazil; (J.M.); (R.C.); (E.D.)
| | - Erick Castelli
- Molecular Genetics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Experimental Research Unit (UNIPEX), School of Medicine, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, State of São Paulo 18618-687, Brazil; (A.S.); (E.C.)
| | - Celso Mendes-Junior
- Departamento de Química, Laboratório de Pesquisas Forenses e Genômicas, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto-SP 14040-901, Brazil; (G.S.); (C.M.-J.)
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13
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Yuan X, Meng D, Cao P, Sun L, Pang Y, Li Y, Wang X, Luo Z, Zhang L, Liu G. Identification of pathogenic genes and transcription factors in vitiligo. Dermatol Ther 2019; 32:e13025. [PMID: 31306558 DOI: 10.1111/dth.13025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Our study aimed to identify the key genes and upstream regulators in vitiligo. To screen the pathogenic genes of vitiligo, an integrated analysis was performed by using the microarray datasets in vitiligo derived from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The functional annotation and potential pathways of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were further explored by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses. We constructed a vitiligo-specific transcriptional regulatory network to identify crucial transcriptional factors that target the DEGs in vitiligo. From two GEO datasets, we identified 1863 DEGs (744 downregulated DEGs and 1,119 upregulated DEGs [false discovery rate < 0.05, |Combined.ES| > 1]) between lesional tissues and nonlesional tissues. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis and the endoplasmic reticulum were significantly enriched pathways for DEGs. The expressions of premelanosome (PMEL), melan-A (MLANA), dopachrome tautomerase (DCT), SRY-boxtranscription factor 10 (SOX10), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) were shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of vitiligo. We concluded that PMEL, MLANA), DCT, SOX10, TYRP1, and MC1R may play a role in vitiligo, among which TYRP1 and MC1R are regulated by forkhead box J2 (FOXJ2). Our finding may contribute to the development of new potential biomarkers, reveal the underlying pathogenesis of vitiligo, and identify novel therapeutic targets for vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfeng Yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Dermatology, Weifang Medical University Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Meng
- Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Peihua Cao
- Department of Dermatology, Weifang Medical University Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Department of Dermatology, Weifang Medical University Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yunyan Pang
- Department of Dermatology, Weifang Medical University Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Dermatology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Weifang Medical University Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Zengxiang Luo
- Department of Dermatology, Weifang Medical University Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guoyan Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Weifang Medical University Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
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14
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Indellicato R, Parini R, Domenighini R, Malagolini N, Iascone M, Gasperini S, Masera N, dall’Olio F, Trinchera M. Total loss of GM3 synthase activity by a normally processed enzyme in a novel variant and in all ST3GAL5 variants reported to cause a distinct congenital disorder of glycosylation. Glycobiology 2019; 29:229-241. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Indellicato
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, via A. di Rudinì 8, Milano, Italy
| | - Rossella Parini
- Department of Pediatrics, University Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (TIGET), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, via Olgettina 60, Milano, Italy
| | - Ruben Domenighini
- Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, via A. di Rudinì 8, Milano, Italy
| | - Nadia Malagolini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Laboratory of Genetics, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Piazza OMS 1, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Serena Gasperini
- Department of Pediatrics, University Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Masera
- Department of Pediatrics, University Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, San Gerardo Hospital, via Pergolesi 33, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio dall’Olio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Trinchera
- Department of Medicine and Surgery (DMC), University of Insubria, via JH Dunant 5, Varese, Italy
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15
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Raam L, Kaleviste E, Šunina M, Vaher H, Saare M, Prans E, Pihlap M, Abram K, Karelson M, Peterson P, Rebane A, Kisand K, Kingo K. Lymphoid Stress Surveillance Response Contributes to Vitiligo Pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2707. [PMID: 30515176 PMCID: PMC6255962 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitiligo is a chronic multifactorial depigmentation disorder characterized by the destruction and functional loss of melanocytes. Although a direct cytotoxic T cell attack is thought to be responsible for melanocyte damage, the events leading to the loss of self-tolerance toward melanocytic antigens are not understood. This research aimed to identify novel cellular and molecular factors that participate in vitiligo pathogenesis through the application of gene expression and immunofluorescence analysis of skin biopsy samples along with immunophenotyping of circulating cells. Our study provides insights into the mechanisms involved in melanocyte destruction. The upregulation of stress-ligand MICA/MICB, recognized by activating receptors on innate and innate-like T cells, imply involvement of lymphoid stress surveillance responses in vitiligo lesions. A simultaneous increase in the expression of transcription factor EOMES that is characteristic for innate-like virtual memory T cells, suggest a similar scenario. Local lymphoid stress surveillance has been previously associated with the amplification of systemic humoral responses that were mirrored in our study by increased T follicular helper cells and switched memory B cell proportions in patients with active vitiligo. In addition, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 staining was compatible with the activation of autophagy in keratinocytes and in the remaining melanocytes of vitiligo lesional skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liisi Raam
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Epp Kaleviste
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Marina Šunina
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Helen Vaher
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mario Saare
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ele Prans
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maire Pihlap
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kristi Abram
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Maire Karelson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Pärt Peterson
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ana Rebane
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Kai Kisand
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Külli Kingo
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia.,Dermatology Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
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16
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Di Nardo V, Barygina V, França K, Tirant M, Valle Y, Lotti T. Functional nutrition as integrated approach in vitiligo management. Dermatol Ther 2018; 32:e12625. [DOI: 10.1111/dth.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Barygina
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences; University of Florence; Florence Italy
| | - Katlein França
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, Institute for Bioethics & Health Policy; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Institute for Bioethics & Health Policy; University of Miami Miller School of Medicine; Miami Florida
| | | | - Yan Valle
- University of Rome “G. Marconi”; Rome Italy
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17
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Sil P, Wong SW, Martinez J. More Than Skin Deep: Autophagy Is Vital for Skin Barrier Function. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1376. [PMID: 29988591 PMCID: PMC6026682 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The skin is a highly organized first line of defense that stretches up to 1.8 m2 and is home to more than a million commensal bacteria. The microenvironment of skin is driven by factors such as pH, temperature, moisture, sebum level, oxidative stress, diet, resident immune cells, and infectious exposure. The skin has a high turnover of cells as it continually bares itself to environmental stresses. Notwithstanding these limitations, it has devised strategies to adapt as a nutrient-scarce site. To perform its protective function efficiently, it relies on mechanisms to continuously remove dead cells without alarming the immune system, actively purging the dying/senescent cells by immunotolerant efferocytosis. Both canonical (starvation-induced, reactive oxygen species, stress, and environmental insults) and non-canonical (selective) autophagy in the skin have evolved to perform astute due-diligence and housekeeping in a quiescent fashion for survival, cellular functioning, homeostasis, and immune tolerance. The autophagic “homeostatic rheostat” works tirelessly to uphold the delicate balance in immunoregulation and tolerance. If this equilibrium is upset, the immune system can wreak havoc and initiate pathogenesis. Out of all the organs, the skin remains under-studied in the context of autophagy. Here, we touch upon some of the salient features of autophagy active in the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payel Sil
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Sing-Wai Wong
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States.,Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Curriculum, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC, United States
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18
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Recent Advances in Pathogenesis and Medical Management of Vitiligo. PIGMENTARY SKIN DISORDERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-70419-7_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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19
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Sahoo A, Lee B, Boniface K, Seneschal J, Sahoo SK, Seki T, Wang C, Das S, Han X, Steppie M, Seal S, Taieb A, Perera RJ. MicroRNA-211 Regulates Oxidative Phosphorylation and Energy Metabolism in Human Vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:1965-1974. [PMID: 28502800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Vitiligo is a common chronic skin disorder characterized by loss of epidermal melanocytes and progressive depigmentation. Vitiligo has complex immune, genetic, environmental, and biochemical causes, but the exact molecular mechanisms of vitiligo development and progression, particularly those related to metabolic control, are poorly understood. In this study we characterized the human vitiligo cell line PIG3V and the normal human melanocyte line HEM-l by RNA sequencing, targeted metabolomics, and shotgun lipidomics. Melanocyte-enriched microRNA-211, a known metabolic switch in nonpigmented melanoma cells, was severely down-regulated in vitiligo cell line PIG3V and skin biopsy samples from vitiligo patients, whereas its predicted targets PPARGC1A, RRM2, and TAOK1 were reciprocally up-regulated. microRNA-211 binds to PGC1-α 3' untranslated region locus and represses it. Although mitochondrial numbers were constant, mitochondrial complexes I, II, and IV and respiratory responses were defective in vitiligo cells. Nanoparticle-coated microRNA-211 partially augmented the oxygen consumption rate in PIG3V cells. The lower oxygen consumption rate, changes in lipid and metabolite profiles, and increased reactive oxygen species production observed in vitiligo cells appear to be partly due to abnormal regulation of microRNA-211 and its target genes. These genes represent potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in human vitiligo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupama Sahoo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Bongyong Lee
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Katia Boniface
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1035, Biothérapies de Maladies Génétiques, Inflammatoires et Cancers (BMGIC), Immuno-dermatology ATIP-AVENIR, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julien Seneschal
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1035, Biothérapies de Maladies Génétiques, Inflammatoires et Cancers (BMGIC), Immuno-dermatology ATIP-AVENIR, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sanjaya K Sahoo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Tatsuya Seki
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, Florida, USA; Medical and Biological Laboratories, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Soumen Das
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience and Technology Center, Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Xianlin Han
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Michael Steppie
- Department of Dermatology, Florida State University College of Medicine, Orlando Regional Campus, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Center, Nanoscience and Technology Center, Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Alain Taieb
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hôpital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France; Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1035, Biothérapies de Maladies Génétiques, Inflammatoires et Cancers (BMGIC), Immuno-dermatology ATIP-AVENIR, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ranjan J Perera
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 6400 Sanger Road, Orlando, Florida, USA.
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20
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Dey-Rao R, Sinha AA. Vitiligo blood transcriptomics provides new insights into disease mechanisms and identifies potential novel therapeutic targets. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:109. [PMID: 28129744 PMCID: PMC5273810 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3510-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant gaps remain regarding the pathomechanisms underlying the autoimmune response in vitiligo (VL), where the loss of self-tolerance leads to the targeted killing of melanocytes. Specifically, there is incomplete information regarding alterations in the systemic environment that are relevant to the disease state. METHODS We undertook a genome-wide profiling approach to examine gene expression in the peripheral blood of VL patients and healthy controls in the context of our previously published VL-skin gene expression profile. We used several in silico bioinformatics-based analyses to provide new insights into disease mechanisms and suggest novel targets for future therapy. RESULTS Unsupervised clustering methods of the VL-blood dataset demonstrate a "disease-state"-specific set of co-expressed genes. Ontology enrichment analysis of 99 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) uncovers a down-regulated immune/inflammatory response, B-Cell antigen receptor (BCR) pathways, apoptosis and catabolic processes in VL-blood. There is evidence for both type I and II interferon (IFN) playing a role in VL pathogenesis. We used interactome analysis to identify several key blood associated transcriptional factors (TFs) from within (STAT1, STAT6 and NF-kB), as well as "hidden" (CREB1, MYC, IRF4, IRF1, and TP53) from the dataset that potentially affect disease pathogenesis. The TFs overlap with our reported lesional-skin transcriptional circuitry, underscoring their potential importance to the disease. We also identify a shared VL-blood and -skin transcriptional "hot spot" that maps to chromosome 6, and includes three VL-blood dysregulated genes (PSMB8, PSMB9 and TAP1) described as potential VL-associated genetic susceptibility loci. Finally, we provide bioinformatics-based support for prioritizing dysregulated genes in VL-blood or skin as potential therapeutic targets. CONCLUSIONS We examined the VL-blood transcriptome in context with our (previously published) VL-skin transcriptional profile to address a major gap in knowledge regarding the systemic changes underlying skin-specific manifestation of vitiligo. Several transcriptional "hot spots" observed in both environments offer prioritized targets for identifying disease risk genes. Finally, within the transcriptional framework of VL, we identify five novel molecules (STAT1, PRKCD, PTPN6, MYC and FGFR2) that lend themselves to being targeted by drugs for future potential VL-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Dey-Rao
- Department of Dermatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 6078 Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA
| | - Animesh A Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 6078 Clinical and Translational Research Center, 875 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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