1
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Liang Y, Yuan M, Cheng H, Lv H, Zhao L, Tang J, Feng Y, Huang Y, Meng Q. A novel Cu/Fe cathode prepared by a facile redox pathway for phenol degradation electrocatalytically via the electro-fenton assisted electro-chlorination process. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 268:122744. [PMID: 39522480 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.122744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 11/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/02/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical methods for treating phenolic wastewater have been widely studied, with most research focusing primarily on the anode, while the cathode has generally served as a counter electrode. This study aims to enhance the electrocatalytic process by developing a new Fe/Cu-based cathode using a simple redox method. We created a CuOCu@Fe-Fe2O3-x (0 < x < 1, combining Fe2O3 and FeO) electrode, referred to as CCFFO, to facilitate the electro-Fenton process without requiring additional H2O2 or Fe2+. In our electrolysis system with NaCl as the electrolyte for electro-chlorination process, phenol concentration was reduced from 100 mg/L to below 0.5 mg/L within 10 min. Optimal experimental conditions were determined by evaluating various parameters such as chloride electrolyte concentration, current density, electrode plate spacing, aeration, pH, and cathode types. Additionally, the role of chloride ions in phenol degradation was investigated through free radical quenching experiments. A 500-hour continuous flow experiment demonstrated the durability of the CCFFO cathode. GC/MS analysis identified intermediates formed during phenol degradation and the underlying catalytic mechanism was explored. The results indicate that the electro-chlorination process at the anode is the primary driver of phenol degradation, assisted by the electro-Fenton process on the CCFFO cathode. The CCFFO cathode effectively prevents the production of harmful by-products like perchlorate. The degradation efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) were 63.5 % and 80.25 %, respectively. Achieving a phenol degradation efficiency of 99.5 % within 10 min, the CCFFO cathode and electrolytic system show significant potential for wastewater treatment applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- YeXin Liang
- Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Intelligence, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Mingzhe Yuan
- Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Intelligence, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Haimei Cheng
- Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Intelligence, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Haiqin Lv
- Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Intelligence, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Intelligence, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - JiaLi Tang
- Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Intelligence, Guangzhou 511400, PR China
| | - Yong Feng
- Guangdong Shengqing Hydrogen Technology Co., LTD, Foshan 528225, PR China
| | - Ying Huang
- Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Intelligence, Guangzhou 511400, PR China; Guangdong Shengqing Hydrogen Technology Co., LTD, Foshan 528225, PR China.
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Guangzhou Institute of Industrial Intelligence, Guangzhou 511400, PR China.
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2
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Di Y, Gu Z, Kang Y, Tian J, Hu C. Enhanced oxidation of organic pollutants by regulating the interior reaction region of reactive electrochemical membranes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133584. [PMID: 38286047 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
Reactive electrochemical membrane (REM) emerges as an attractive strategy for the elimination of refractory organic pollutants that exist in wastewater. However, the limited reaction sites in traditional REMs greatly hinder its practical application. Herein, a feed-through coating methodology was developed to realize the uniform loading of SnO2-Sb catalysts on the interior surface of a REM. The uniformly coated REM (Unif-REM) exhibited 2.4 times higher reaction kinetics (0.29 min-1) than that of surface coated REM (Surf-REM) for the degradation of 2 mM 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), rendering an energy consumption as low as 0.016 kWh gTOC-1. The fast degradation of various emerging contaminants, e.g., sulfamethoxazole (SMX), ofloxacin (OFLX), and tetracycline (TC), also confirms its superior oxidation capability. Besides, the Unif-REM exhibited good performance in generating hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and a relatively long service lifetime. The simulation of spatial current distribution demonstrates that the interior reaction region in the Unif-REM channels can be drastically extended, thereby maximizing the surface coupling of mass diffusion and electron transfer. This study offers an in-depth look at the spatially confined reactions in REM and provides a reference for the design of electrochemical systems with economically efficient water purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Di
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Zhenao Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Yuyang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayu Tian
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
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3
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Nawaz MI, Yi C, Zafar AM, Yi R, Abbas B, Sulemana H, Wu C. Efficient degradation and mineralization of aniline in aqueous solution by new dielectric barrier discharge non-thermal plasma. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:117015. [PMID: 37648191 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Aniline is a priority pollutant that is unfavorable to the environment and human health due to its carcinogenic and mutagenic nature. The performance of the dielectric barrier discharge reactor was examined based on the aniline degradation efficiency. Different parameters were studied and optimized to treat various wastewater conditions. Role of active species for aniline degradation was investigated by the addition of inhibitors and promoters. The optimum conditions were 20 mg/L initial concentration, 1.8 kV applied voltage, 4 L/min gas flow rate and a pH of 8.82. It was observed that 87% of aniline was degraded in 60 min of dielectric barrier discharge treatment at optimum conditions. UV-Vis spectra showed gradual increase in the treatment efficiency of aniline with the propagation of treatment time. Mineralization of AN was confirmed by TOC measurement and a decrease in pH during the process. To elicit the aniline degradation route, HPLC and LC-MS techniques were used to detect the intermediates and byproducts. It was identified that aniline degraded into different organic byproducts and was dissociated into carbon dioxide and water. Comparison of the current system with existing advanced oxidation processes showed that DBD has a remarkable potential for the elimination of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran Nawaz
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Chengwu Yi
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Abdul Mannan Zafar
- Civil and Environmental Engineering Department, United Arab Emirates University, AlAin, 15551, United Arab Emirates; Biotechnology Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, Masdar, 9639, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Rongjie Yi
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Babar Abbas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Taxila, 47080, Pakistan.
| | - Husseini Sulemana
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Chundu Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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4
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Ren Y, Meng X, Zhang X, He Y, Gao G, Wang P, Gu Y, Ding Y, Jiang W. Potential for selective oxidation of aniline in soil washing effluent by active chlorine and testing its practicality. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137082. [PMID: 36336015 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Recovery of surfactants in the soil washing effluent (SWE) can significantly reduce the cost of the soil washing (SW) technology. This paper consists of two parts experiments. The first part constructed a selective oxidation system of active chlorine by electrochemical technology to treat SWE. Three factors, current density, NaCl concentration and TW 80 to aniline concentration ratio (T/A), were set up for a total of nine sets of experiments after orthogonal design. The results of ANOVA analysis and visual analysis showed that the NaCl concentration greatly affected the aniline removal efficiency (ARE) and the TW 80 retention efficiency (TW 80 RE), and the effects were in opposite directions. The biotoxicity of the SWE decreased as the experiment progressed, and at the end of the experiment, 30%-45% of TW 80 was still present in each set. And the oxidation group quenching experiments determined that the degradation of aniline was mainly contributed by active chlorine. Because active chlorine slowed the loss rate of TW 80, the electrochemical treatment of SWE + soil in-situ sequential batch recirculation washing method was designed, and 50% of aniline in the soil was washed out after 125h. At the end of the experiment, the less biotoxic SWE was collected where no aniline and TW 80 were present, and only small organic acids were present after the GC-MS test. The method has a great potential to be applied as it shows good results in the treatment of soil pollution incidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ren
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Xiangxin Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Yuhai He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Guangfei Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Pengqi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Yawei Gu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China; Henan Key Laboratory of Water Pollution Control and Rehabilitation Technology, Henan University of Urban Construction, Pingdingshan, 467036, China
| | - Yue Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Wenqiang Jiang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250353, China.
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5
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Electrochemical degradation of organic pollutants using Cu nanocubes modified electrode – A facile approach for environmental remediation. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2022.109637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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6
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Norouzi R, Zarei M, Khataee A, Ebratkhahan M, Rostamzadeh P. Electrochemical removal of fluoxetine via three mixed metal oxide anodes and carbonaceous cathodes from contaminated water. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 207:112641. [PMID: 34979125 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the fluoxetine (FLX) removal has been studied via the anodic oxidation (AO) process. Anode electrodes were Ti/RuO2, Ti/RuO2-IrO2, and Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2, and cathode electrodes were graphite and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The performances of electrodes were compared in terms of FLX removal efficiency. As a result, Ti/RuO2-IrO2-SnO2 and CNTs were the optimal anode and cathode, respectively. The properties of the optimal electrodes were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction spectroscopy. Cyclic voltammetry analysis was performed to study the electrochemical behavior of electrodes. The effect of current intensity (mA), initial pH, initial FLX concentration (mg/L) and process time (min) on the FLX removal efficiency was investigated and the response surface methodology was applied for the optimization of the AO process. The results showed that at current intensity, pH, initial FLX concentration and process time of 500 mA, 6, 25 mg/L and 160 min, maximum FLX removal efficiency was observed, which was 96.25%. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis was determined to evaluate the intermediates, and mineralization efficiency. The TOC removal efficiency was reached 81.51% after 6 h under optimal experimental conditions, indicating the successful removal of the FLX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Norouzi
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mahmoud Zarei
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Turkey; Department of Material Science and Physical Chemistry of Materials, South Ural State University, 454080 Chelyabinsk, Russian Federation.
| | - Masoud Ebratkhahan
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Paria Rostamzadeh
- Research Laboratory of Environmental Remediation, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Tabriz, 51666-16471, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Rai D, Sinha S. Research trends in the development of anodes for electrochemical oxidation of wastewater. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The review focuses on the recent development in anode materials and their synthesis approach, focusing on their compatibility for treating actual industrial wastewater, improving selectivity, electrocatalytic activity, stability at higher concentration, and thereby reducing the mineralization cost for organic pollutant degradation. The advancement in sol–gel technique, including the Pechini method, is discussed in the first section. A separate discussion related to the selection of the electrodeposition method and its deciding parameters is also included. Furthermore, the effect of using advanced heating approaches, including microwave and laser deposition synthesis, is also discussed. Next, a separate discussion is provided on using different types of anode materials and their effect on active •OH radical generation, activity, and electrode stability in direct and indirect oxidation and future aspects. The effect of using different synthesis approaches, additives, and doping is discussed separately for each anode. Graphene, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and metal doping enhance the number of active sites, electrochemical activity, and mineralization current efficiency (MCE) of the anode. While, microwave or laser heating approaches were proved to be an effective, cheaper, and fast alternative to conventional heating. The electrodeposition and nonaqueous solvent synthesis were convenient and environment-friendly techniques for conductive metallic and polymeric film deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Rai
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand 247667 , India
| | - Shishir Sinha
- Department of Chemical Engineering , Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee , Roorkee , Uttarakhand 247667 , India
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8
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Zhou Q, Zhou X, Zheng R, Liu Z, Wang J. Application of lead oxide electrodes in wastewater treatment: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150088. [PMID: 34563906 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical oxidation (EO) based on hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated on lead dioxide has become a typical advanced oxidation process (AOP). Titanium-based lead dioxide electrodes (PbO2/Ti) play an increasingly important role in EO. To further improve the efficiency, the structure and properties of the lead dioxide active surface layer can be modified by doping transition metals, rare earth metals, nonmetals, etc. Here, we compare the common preparation methods of lead dioxide. The EO performance of lead dioxide in wastewater containing dyes, pesticides, drugs, landfill leachate, coal, petrochemicals, etc., is discussed along with their suitable operating conditions. Finally, the factors influencing the contaminant removal kinetics on lead dioxide are systematically analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Xule Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Ruihao Zheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Zifeng Liu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jiade Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
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9
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Zeng Y, Zhang S, Yin L, Dai Y. Electrocatalytic degradation of pesticide micropollutants in water by high energy pulse magnetron sputtered Pt/Ti anode. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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You H, Chen Z, Yu Q, Zhu W, Chen B, Lv Z, Hu Q, Liu Y, Zheng Z, Li S, Yeasmin F. Preparation of a three-dimensional porous PbO2-CNTs composite electrode and study of the degradation behavior of p-nitrophenol. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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11
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Samarghandi MR, Dargahi A, Rahmani A, Shabanloo A, Ansari A, Nematollahi D. Application of a fluidized three-dimensional electrochemical reactor with Ti/SnO 2-Sb/β-PbO 2 anode and granular activated carbon particles for degradation and mineralization of 2,4-dichlorophenol: Process optimization and degradation pathway. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 279:130640. [PMID: 34134425 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A three-dimensional electrochemical reactor with Ti/SnO2-Sb/β-PbO2 anode and granular activated carbon (3DER-GAC) particle electrodes were used for degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP). Process modeling and optimization were performed using an orthogonal central composite design (OCCD) and genetic algorithm (GA), respectively. Ti/SnO2-Sb/β-PbO2 anode was prepared by electrochemical deposition method and then its properties were studied by FESEM, EDX, XRD, Linear sweep voltammetry and accelerated lifetime test techniques. The results showed that lead oxide was precipitated as highly compact pyramidal clusters in the form of β-PbO2 on the electrode surface. In addition, the prepared anode had high stability (170 h) and oxygen evolution potential (2.32 V). A robust quadratic model (p-value < 0.0001 and R2 > 0.99) was developed to predict the 2,4-DCP removal efficiency in the 3DER-GAC system. Under optimal conditions (pH = 4.98, Na2SO4 concentration = 0.07 M, current density = 35 mA cm-2, GAC amount = 25 g and reaction time = 50 min), the removal efficiency of 2,4-DCP in the 3DER-GAC system and the separate electrochemical degradation process (without GAC particle electrode) were 99.8 and 71%, respectively. At a reaction time of 80 min, the TOC removal efficiencies in the 3DER-GAC and the separate electrochemical degradation system were 100 and 57.5%, respectively. Accordingly, the energy consumed in these two systems was calculated to be 0.81 and 1.57 kWh g-1 TOC, respectively. Based on the results of LC-MS analysis, possible degradation pathways of 2,4-DCP were proposed. Trimerization and ring opening reactions were the two dominant mechanisms in 2,4-DCP degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Samarghandi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdollah Dargahi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Alireza Rahmani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Shabanloo
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amin Ansari
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
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12
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Rahmani A, Seid-Mohammadi A, Leili M, Shabanloo A, Ansari A, Alizadeh S, Nematollahi D. Electrocatalytic degradation of diuron herbicide using three-dimensional carbon felt/β-PbO 2 anode as a highly porous electrode: Influencing factors and degradation mechanisms. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 276:130141. [PMID: 33714150 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Traditional planar PbO2 anodes have been used extensively for the electrocatalytic degradation process. However, by using porous PbO2 anodes that have a three-dimensional architecture, the efficiency of the process can be significantly upgraded. In the current study, carbon felt (CF) with a highly porous structure and a conventional planar graphite sheet (G) were used as electrode substrate for PbO2 anodes. Both CF/β-PbO2 and G/β-PbO2 anodes were prepared by the anodic deposition method. The main properties of the electrodes were characterized by XRD, EDX-mapping, FESEM, and BET-BJH techniques. The electrocatalytic degradation of diuron using three-dimensional porous CF/β-PbO2 anode was modeled and optimized by a rotatable central composite design. After optimizing the process, the ability of porous CF/β-PbO2 and planar G/β-PbO2 anodes to degrade and mineralize diuron was compared. The electrocatalytic degradation of the diuron was well described by a quadratic model (R2 > 0.99). Under optimal conditions, the kinetics of diuron removal using CF/β-PbO2 anode was 3 times faster than the G/β-PbO2 anode. The energy consumed for the complete mineralization of diuron using CF/β-PbO2 anode was 2077 kWh kg-1 TOC. However, the G/β-PbO2 anode removed only 65% of the TOC by consuming 54% more energy. The CF/β-PbO2 had more stability (115 vs. 91 h), larger surface area (1.6287 vs. 0.8565 m2 g-1), and higher oxygen evolution potential (1.89 vs. 1.84 V) compared to the G/β-PbO2. In the proposed pathways for diuron degradation, the aromatic ring and groups of carbonyl, dimethyl urea, and amide were the main targets for HO• radical attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Rahmani
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Abdolmotaleb Seid-Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Leili
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Health and Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Shabanloo
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amin Ansari
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saber Alizadeh
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
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13
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Abstract
Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode, which is one of the dimensionally stable anode (DSA) electrodes, offers high specific conductivity, excellent electrocatalytic performance, and great chemical stability. For these reasons, Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode has been extensively studied in the fields of wastewater treatment. This review covers essential research work about the advanced oxidation technology and related DSA electrodes. It gives an overview of preparation methods of SnO2 electrodes, including sol-gel method, dip-coating method, electrodeposition method, chemical vapor deposition method, thermal decomposition method, magnetron sputtering method, and hydrothermal method. To extend service life and improve electrocatalytic efficiency, the review provides comprehensive details about the modification technologies of Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode, such as doping modification, composite modification, and structural modification. In addition, the review discusses common problems in industrial applications of Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode and highlights the promising outlook of Ti/SnO2-Sb electrode.
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14
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Xia Y, Feng J, Fan S, Zhou W, Dai Q. Fabrication of a multi-layer CNT-PbO 2 anode for the degradation of isoniazid: Kinetics and mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:128069. [PMID: 33297073 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the CNTs were successfully compounded in PbO2 electrode through composite electrodeposition technology to obtain multi-layer CNT-PbO2 electrode. Scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy were comprehensively used to characterize the lead dioxide electrode and the electrochemical performance were also tested by cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Results showed that CNT-PbO2 significantly improved the electrochemical performance, which was attributed to that the compound of CNTs in PbO2 improved the active sites on the surface, with higher oxidation peaks, smaller particle size, larger specific surface area, and lower charge transfer resistance. In the degradation experiment, the chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency of isoniazid by CNT-PbO2 electrode were 1.37 times of that by pure PbO2 electrode. The main influence factors on the degradation of ISN, such as initial ISN concentration, Na2SO4 concentration, current density and initial pH value was analyzed in detail. Considered comprehensively the effects of ISN removal efficiency, COD and average current efficiency, the degradation of ISN and COD reached 99.4% and 86.8%, respectively, after the electrode was degraded by electrochemical oxidation for 120 min under the best conditions. In addition, the degradation mechanism of ISN in electrochemical oxidation was studied. According to the intermediate products detected by GC-MS, the possible degradation pathway of ISN in electrochemical oxidation system were proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xia
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Jieqi Feng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Siqi Fan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Wan Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China
| | - Qizhou Dai
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310032, China.
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15
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Treatment of cooling tower blowdown water by using adsorption-electrocatalytic oxidation: Technical performance, toxicity assessment and economic evaluation. Sep Purif Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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16
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Shang H, Xia Y, Zhou Y, Liu G, Hu X. Removal of aniline from wastewater by electro-polymerization with superior energy efficiency. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 190:109931. [PMID: 32781323 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.109931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Removal of toxic aniline from wastewater is of great importance in industrial manufacture. Traditional electrochemical methods encounter obstacles such as high energy consumption in mineralization and severe electrode passivation in electro-polymerization. In this paper, we report a practical electro-polymerization method by using Ti/Sb-SnO2/PbO2 anode to treat high concentration aniline wastewater. The cyclic voltammetric experiment was conducted and the problem of electrode passivation was solved by increasing the electrode potential. In the experiments of treating aniline wastewater, the produced solid polymer can separate from water rather than sticking to electrode surface. Elemental analysis shows that oxygen is incorporated in the polymer. Experiments were conducted under different conditions, including current density, pH and initial concentration of aniline and Na2SO4. The electro-polymerization route accounts for nearly 50% contribution in the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD). Our electro-polymerization method gives an apparent current efficiency (ACE) of 232.15% and an energy consumption (Ep) of 0.008658 kWh g-1COD-1 when half of COD is removed at a current density of 15 mA cm-2, pH of 7.0, initial aniline concentration of 1.2 g L-1 and Na2SO4 concentration of 4 g L.-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Shang
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Yan Xia
- School of Nuclear Technology and Chemistry & Biology, Hubei University of Science and Technology, China
| | - Yuanquan Zhou
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Guoliang Liu
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.
| | - Xiaohong Hu
- Hubei Key Lab of Electrochemical Power Source, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China.
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17
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Liu Y, Sun T, Su Q, Tang Y, Xu X, Akram M, Jiang B. Highly efficient and mild electrochemical degradation of bentazon by nano-diamond doped PbO2 anode with reduced Ti nanotube as the interlayer. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 575:254-264. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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18
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Kenova TA, Kornienko GV, Kornienko VL. Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Aromatic Ecopollutants on Composite Anodic Materials. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193520040047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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19
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Espinoza LC, Aranda M, Contreras D, Henríquez A, Salazar R. Effect of the sp
3
/sp
2
Ratio in Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrodes on the Degradation Pathway of Aniline by Anodic Oxidation. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201901218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. Carolina Espinoza
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica del Medio Ambiente. Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología.Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363 Casilla 40 Santiago Chile
| | - Mario Aranda
- Laboratorio de Estudios Avanzados en Fármacos y Alimentos, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Facultad de FarmaciaUniversidad de Concepción, UdeC Av. Víctor Lamas 1290 Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile
| | - David Contreras
- Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad de Concepción, UdeC Av. Víctor Lamas 1290 Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile
| | - Adolfo Henríquez
- Centro de Biotecnología, Departamento de Química Analítica e Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad de Concepción, UdeC Av. Víctor Lamas 1290 Casilla 160-C Concepción Chile
| | - Ricardo Salazar
- Laboratorio de Electroquímica del Medio Ambiente. Departamento de Química de los Materiales, Facultad de Química y Biología.Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH Av. Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 3363 Casilla 40 Santiago Chile
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20
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Ding S, Han M, Dai Y, Yang S, Mao D, He H, Sun C. Synthesis of Ag/AgBr/Bi
4
O
5
Br
2
Plasmonic Heterojunction Photocatalysts: Elevated Visible‐light Photocatalytic Performance and Z‐scheme Mechanism. ChemCatChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201900529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing University Nanjing 210046 P.R. China
| | - Mengshu Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing University Nanjing 210046 P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Information and Computing Science Guizhou ProvinceGuizhou Normal University Guiyang 550001 P.R. China
| | - Yuxuan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing University Nanjing 210046 P.R. China
| | - Shaogui Yang
- School of the EnvironmentNanjing Normal University Nanjing 210046 P.R. China
| | - Danjun Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing University Nanjing 210046 P.R. China
| | - Huan He
- School of the EnvironmentNanjing Normal University Nanjing 210046 P.R. China
| | - Cheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the EnvironmentNanjing University Nanjing 210046 P.R. China
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21
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Shao D, Zhang X, Lyu W, Zhang Y, Tan G, Xu H, Yan W. Magnetic Assembled Anode Combining PbO 2 and Sb-SnO 2 Organically as An Effective and Sustainable Electrocatalyst for Wastewater Treatment with Adjustable Attribution and Construction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:44385-44395. [PMID: 30525405 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A new electrode consisting of a Ti/PbO2 shell as main electrode (ME) and numerous Fe3O4/Sb-SnO2 granules as auxiliary electrodes (AEs) was developed for flexible electrochemical oxidation (EO) treatment of wastewater. Material and electrochemical characterizations were carried out to study the impacts of the loading amount of the AEs on the attribution and construction of the electrode. Lignin, a complex group of polymeric macromolecules, was selected as the representative actual contaminant to test the real EO capability of the assembled electrodes with different AE loading amounts. The stability and recyclability of the electrodes were also investigated. Results showed that the roughness and the surface area of the electrode were increased with the increased loading amount of AEs, while improvement of the electrode properties was achieved only with the appropriate amounts of AEs. The optimum AE loading (such as 0.25 and 0.5 g on 6 cm2 ME) boosted the EO performance of the anode toward lignin by ∼20%, making the electrode more capable in benzene ring opening. Excessive AEs were found to be unavailing, which only increased the percentage of the less accessible catalytic active sites. Moreover, a preliminary operating mechanism of this 2.5D electrode was proposed to evaluate the effect of AEs and further reveal the relationships of structure and activity of the 2.5D electrode. Finally, the electrode's lifetime was lengthened and further boosted via loading AEs and the subsequent recycling of AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710021 , China
| | - Xinlei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710021 , China
| | - Wei Lyu
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710021 , China
| | - Guoqiang Tan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Shaanxi University of Science & Technology , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710021 , China
| | - Hao Xu
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710049 , China
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22
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Heterogeneously degradation of aniline in aqueous solution using persulfate catalyzed by magnetic BiFeO3 nanoparticles. Catal Today 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2018.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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23
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Faria ER, Ribeiro FM, Franco DV, Da Silva LM. Fabrication and characterisation of a mixed oxide-covered mesh electrode composed of NiCo2O4 and its capability of generating hydroxyl radicals during the oxygen evolution reaction in electrolyte-free water. J Solid State Electrochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-017-3815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Li X, Jin X, Zhao N, Angelidaki I, Zhang Y. Efficient treatment of aniline containing wastewater in bipolar membrane microbial electrolysis cell-Fenton system. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 119:67-72. [PMID: 28436824 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Aniline-containing wastewater can cause significant environmental problems and threaten the humans's life. However, rapid degradation of aniline with cost-efficient methods remains a challenge. In this work, a novel microbial electrolysis cell with bipolar membrane was integrated with Fenton reaction (MEC-Fenton) for efficient treatment of real wastewater containing a high concentration (4460 ± 52 mg L-1) of aniline. In this system, H2O2 was in situ electro-synthesized from O2 reduction on the graphite cathode and was simultaneously used as source of OH for the oxidation of aniline wastewater under an acidic condition maintained by the bipolar membrane. The aniline was effectively degraded following first-order kinetics at a rate constant of 0.0166 h-1 under an applied voltage of 0.5 V. Meanwhile, a total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency of 93.1 ± 1.2% was obtained, revealing efficient mineralization of aniline. The applicability of bipolar membrane MEC-Fenton system was successfully demonstrated with actual aniline wastewater. Moreover, energy balance showed that the system could be a promising technology for removal of biorefractory organic pollutants from wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohu Li
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Xiangdan Jin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nannan Zhao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
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