1
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Do VH, Lee JM. Surface engineering for stable electrocatalysis. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:2693-2737. [PMID: 38318782 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00292f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, significant progress has been achieved in rational developments of electrocatalysts through constructing novel atomistic structures and modulating catalytic surface topography, realizing substantial enhancement in electrocatalytic activities. Numerous advanced catalysts were developed for electrochemical energy conversion, exhibiting low overpotential, high intrinsic activity, and selectivity. Yet, maintaining the high catalytic performance under working conditions with high polarization and vigorous microkinetics that induce intensive degradation of surface nanostructures presents a significant challenge for commercial applications. Recently, advanced operando and computational techniques have provided comprehensive mechanistic insights into the degradation of surficial functional structures. Additionally, various innovative strategies have been devised and proven effective in sustaining electrocatalytic activity under harsh operating conditions. This review aims to discuss the most recent understanding of the degradation microkinetics of catalysts across an entire range of anodic to cathodic polarizations, encompassing processes such as oxygen evolution and reduction, hydrogen reduction, and carbon dioxide reduction. Subsequently, innovative strategies adopted to stabilize the materials' structure and activity are highlighted with an in-depth discussion of the underlying rationale. Finally, we present conclusions and perspectives regarding future research and development. By identifying the research gaps, this review aims to inspire further exploration of surface degradation mechanisms and rational design of durable electrocatalysts, ultimately contributing to the large-scale utilization of electroconversion technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viet-Hung Do
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459.
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141
| | - Jong-Min Lee
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University, 62 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637459.
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore 637141
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2
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Lim C, Fairhurst AR, Ransom BJ, Haering D, Stamenkovic VR. Role of Transition Metals in Pt Alloy Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction. ACS Catal 2023; 13:14874-14893. [PMID: 38026811 PMCID: PMC10660348 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.3c03321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of higher activity and stability of electrocatalysts toward the oxygen reduction reaction, it has become standard practice to alloy platinum in various structural configurations. Transition metals have been extensively studied for their ability to tune catalyst functionality through strain, ligand, and ensemble effects. The origin of these effects and potential for synergistic application in practical materials have been the subject of many theoretical and experimental analyses in recent years. Here, a comprehensive overview of these phenomena is provided regarding the impact on reaction mechanisms and kinetics through combined experimental and theoretical approaches. Experimental approaches to electrocatalysis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaewon Lim
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- HORIBA
Institute for Mobility and Connectivity, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alasdair R. Fairhurst
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- HORIBA
Institute for Mobility and Connectivity, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Ransom
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- HORIBA
Institute for Mobility and Connectivity, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Dominik Haering
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- HORIBA
Institute for Mobility and Connectivity, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Vojislav R. Stamenkovic
- Department
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- HORIBA
Institute for Mobility and Connectivity, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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3
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Srivastava RR, Gautam D, Sahu R, Shukla PK, Mukherjee B, Srivastava A. Mechanistic insights on Bi-potentiodynamic control towards atomistic synthesis of electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16433. [PMID: 37777645 PMCID: PMC10542813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein, electrochemically assisted dissolution-deposition (EADD) is utilized over a three-electrode assembly to prepare an electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Cyclic voltammetry is performed to yield atomistic loading of platinum (Pt) over SnS2 nanostructures via Pt dissolution from the counter electrode (CE). Astonishingly, the working electrode (WE) swept at 50 mV/s is found to compel Pt CE to experience 1000-3000 mV/s. The effect of different potential scan rates at the WE have provided insight into the change in Pt dissolution and its deposition behaviour over SnS2 in three electrode assembly. However, uncontrolled overpotentials at CE in a three-electrode assembly made Pt dissolution-deposition behavior complex. Here, for the first time, we have demonstrated bi-potentiodynamic control for dissolution deposition of Pt in four-electrode assembly over Nickel (Ni) foam. The dual cyclic voltammetry is applied to achieve better control and efficiency of the EADD process, engendering it as a pragmatically versatile and scalable synthesis technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Ranjan Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Divyansh Gautam
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rajib Sahu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - P K Shukla
- Vindhya Institute of Technology and Science, Satna, MP, 485001, India
| | - Bratindranath Mukherjee
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology-BHU, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Anchal Srivastava
- Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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4
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Fuchs T, Briega-Martos V, Drnec J, Stubb N, Martens I, Calle-Vallejo F, Harrington DA, Cherevko S, Magnussen OM. Anodic and Cathodic Platinum Dissolution Processes Involve Different Oxide Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304293. [PMID: 37341165 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of Pt-containing oxygen reduction catalysts for fuel cell applications is strongly linked to the electrochemical surface oxidation and reduction of Pt. Here, we study the surface restructuring and Pt dissolution mechanisms during oxidation/reduction for the case of Pt(100) in 0.1 M HClO4 by combining operando high-energy surface X-ray diffraction, online mass spectrometry, and density functional theory. Our atomic-scale structural studies reveal that anodic dissolution, detected during oxidation, and cathodic dissolution, observed during the subsequent reduction, are linked to two different oxide phases. Anodic dissolution occurs predominantly during nucleation and growth of the first, stripe-like oxide. Cathodic dissolution is linked to a second, amorphous Pt oxide phase that resembles bulk PtO2 and starts to grow when the coverage of the stripe-like oxide saturates. In addition, we find the amount of surface restructuring after an oxidation/reduction cycle to be potential-independent after the stripe-like oxide has reached its saturation coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Fuchs
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Valentín Briega-Martos
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Natalie Stubb
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Isaac Martens
- Experimental division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Department of Advanced Materials and Polymers: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. Tolosa 72, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza de Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David A Harrington
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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5
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Fu X, Pedersen JB, Zhou Y, Saccoccio M, Li S, Sažinas R, Li K, Andersen SZ, Xu A, Deissler NH, Mygind JBV, Wei C, Kibsgaard J, Vesborg PCK, Nørskov JK, Chorkendorff I. Continuous-flow electrosynthesis of ammonia by nitrogen reduction and hydrogen oxidation. Science 2023; 379:707-712. [PMID: 36795804 DOI: 10.1126/science.adf4403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is a critical component in fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and fine chemicals and is an ideal, carbon-free fuel. Recently, lithium-mediated nitrogen reduction has proven to be a promising route for electrochemical ammonia synthesis at ambient conditions. In this work, we report a continuous-flow electrolyzer equipped with 25-square centimeter-effective area gas diffusion electrodes wherein nitrogen reduction is coupled with hydrogen oxidation. We show that the classical catalyst platinum is not stable for hydrogen oxidation in the organic electrolyte, but a platinum-gold alloy lowers the anode potential and avoids the decremental decomposition of the organic electrolyte. At optimal operating conditions, we achieve, at 1 bar, a faradaic efficiency for ammonia production of up to 61 ± 1% and an energy efficiency of 13 ± 1% at a current density of -6 milliamperes per square centimeter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbiao Fu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob B Pedersen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yuanyuan Zhou
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mattia Saccoccio
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Shaofeng Li
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Rokas Sažinas
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katja Li
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Suzanne Z Andersen
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Aoni Xu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Niklas H Deissler
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Chao Wei
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jakob Kibsgaard
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Peter C K Vesborg
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jens K Nørskov
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ib Chorkendorff
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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6
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Cho J, Kim H, Oh HS, Choi CH. Elucidation of Electrochemically Induced but Chemically Driven Pt Dissolution. JACS AU 2023; 3:105-112. [PMID: 36711079 PMCID: PMC9875222 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Securing the electrochemical durability of noble metal platinum is of central importance for the successful implementation of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Pt dissolution, a major cause of PEMFC degradation, is known to be a potential-dependent transient process, but its underlying mechanism is puzzling. Herein, we elucidate a chemical Pt dissolution process that can occur in various electrocatalytic conditions. This process intensively occurs during potential perturbations with a millisecond timescale, which has yet to be seriously considered. The open circuit potential profiles identify the dominant formation of metastable Pt species at such short timescales and their simultaneous dissolution. Considering on these findings, a proof-of-concept strategy for alleviating chemical Pt dissolution is further studied by tuning electric double layer charging. These results suggest that stable Pt electrocatalysis can be achieved if rational synthetic or systematic strategies are further developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsic Cho
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesol Kim
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Suk Oh
- Clean
Energy Research Center, Korea Institute
of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic
of Korea
| | - Chang Hyuck Choi
- Department
of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science
and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
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7
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Wei J, Chen W, Zhou D, Cai J, Chen YX. Restructuring of well-defined Pt-based electrode surfaces under mild electrochemical conditions. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(22)64100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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8
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Javed H, Knop-Gericke A, Mom RV. Structural Model for Transient Pt Oxidation during Fuel Cell Start-up Using Electrochemical X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36238-36245. [PMID: 35904796 PMCID: PMC9376923 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Potential spikes during the start-up and shutdown of fuel cells are a major cause of platinum electrocatalyst degradation, which limits the lifetime of the device. The electrochemical oxidation of platinum (Pt) that occurs on the cathode during the potential spikes plays a key role in this degradation process. However, the composition of the oxide species formed as well as their role in catalyst dissolution remains unclear. In this study, we employ a special arrangement of XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), in which the platinum electrocatalyst is covered by a graphene spectroscopy window, making the in situ examination of the oxidation/reduction reaction under wet conditions possible. We use this assembly to investigate the change in the oxidation states of Pt within the potential window relevant to fuel cell operation. We show that above 1.1 VRHE (potential vs reversible hydrogen electrode), a mixed Ptδ+/Pt2+/Pt4+ surface oxide is formed, with an average oxidation state that gradually increases as the potential is increased. By comparing a model based on the XPS data to the oxidation charge measured during potential spikes, we show that our description of Pt oxidation is also valid during the transient conditions of fuel cell start-up and shutdown. This is due to the rapid Pt oxidation kinetics during the pulses. As a result of the irreversibility of Pt oxidation, some remnants of oxidized Pt remain at typical fuel cell operating potentials after a pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Javed
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, Leiden 2300
RA, The Netherlands
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Fritz
Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, Berlin 14195, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Chemical Energy Conversion, Stiftstrasse 34-36, Mülheim an der
Ruhr 45413, Germany
| | - Rik V. Mom
- Leiden
Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, PO Box 9502, Leiden 2300
RA, The Netherlands
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9
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Gatalo M, Bonastre AM, Moriau L, Burdett H, Ruiz-Zepeda F, Hughes E, Hodgkinson A, Šala M, Pavko L, Bele M, Hodnik N, Sharman J, Gaberšček M. Importance of Chemical Activation and the Effect of Low Operation Voltage on the Performance of Pt-Alloy Fuel Cell Electrocatalysts. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2022; 5:8862-8877. [PMID: 35909804 PMCID: PMC9326812 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.2c01359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Pt-alloy (Pt-M) nanoparticles (NPs) with less-expensive 3d transition metals (M = Ni, Cu, Co) supported on high-surface-area carbon supports are currently the state-of-the-art (SoA) solution to reach the production phase in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, while Pt-M electrocatalysts show promise in terms of increased activity for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and, thus, cost reductions from the significantly lower use of expensive and rare Pt, key challenges in terms of synthesis, activation, and stability remain to unlock their true potential. This work systematically tackles them with a combination of electrocatalyst synthesis and characterization methodologies including thin-film rotating disc electrodes (TF-RDEs), an electrochemical flow cell linked to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (EFC-ICP-MS), and testing in 50 cm2 membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs). In the first part of the present work, we highlight the crucial importance of the chemical activation (dealloying) step on the performance of Pt-M electrocatalysts in the MEA at high current densities (HCDs). In addition, we provide the scientific community with a preliminary and facile method of distinguishing between a "poorly" and "adequately" dealloyed (activated) Pt-alloy electrocatalyst using a much simpler and affordable TF-RDE methodology using the well-known CO-stripping process. Since the transition-metal cations can also be introduced in a PEMFC due to the degradation of the Pt-M NPs, the second part of the work focuses on presenting clear evidence on the direct impact of the lower voltage limit (LVL) on the stability of Pt-M electrocatalysts. The data suggests that in addition to intrinsic improvements in stability, significant improvements in the PEMFC lifetime can also be obtained via the correct MEA design and applied limits of operation, namely, restricting not just the upper but equally important also the lower operation voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matija Gatalo
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- ReCatalyst
d.o.o., Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Léonard
Jean Moriau
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Harriet Burdett
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blount’s Court, Sonning
Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Edwin Hughes
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blount’s Court, Sonning
Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Adam Hodgkinson
- Johnson
Matthey Fuel Cells, Lydiard
Fields, Great Western Way, Swindon SN5 8AT, U.K.
| | - Martin Šala
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova
19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Pavko
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Bele
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- University
of Nova Gorica, 5000 Nova Gorica, Slovenia
| | - Jonathan Sharman
- Johnson
Matthey Technology Centre, Blount’s Court, Sonning
Common, Reading RG4 9NH, U.K.
| | - Miran Gaberšček
- Department
of Materials Chemistry, National Institute
of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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10
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Mao Z, Ding C, Liu X, Zhang Q, Qin X, Li H, Yang F, Li Q, Zhang XG, Zhang J, Cai WB. Interstitial B-Doping in Pt Lattice to Upgrade Oxygen Electroreduction Performance. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c01052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Chen Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xianxian Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hong Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Xia-Guang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, Henan 453007, China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wen-Bin Cai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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11
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Gomes BF, Prokop M, Bystron T, Loukrakpam R, Lobo CM, Kutter M, Günther TE, Fink M, Bouzek K, Roth C. Effect of phosphoric acid purity on the electrochemically active surface area of Pt-based electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Qiao Q, Chen Y, Wang Y, Ren Y, Cao J, Huang F, Bian Z. Surface modification of phosphate ion to promote photocatalytic recovery of precious metals. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.03.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Structural evolution of Pt-based oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(21)63896-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry and the Oden Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
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15
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Rodríguez O, Denuault G. The Influence of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) on Pt Oxide Electrochemistry. ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202100710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Rodríguez
- Chemistry University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana IL 61801 United States
| | - Guy Denuault
- Chemistry University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
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16
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High crystallinity design of Ir-based catalysts drives catalytic reversibility for water electrolysis and fuel cells. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4271. [PMID: 34257287 PMCID: PMC8277764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The voltage reversal of water electrolyzers and fuel cells induces a large positive potential on the hydrogen electrodes, followed by severe system degradation. Applying a reversible multifunctional electrocatalyst to the hydrogen electrode is a practical solution. Ir exhibits excellent catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reactions (HER), and hydrogen oxidation reactions (HOR), yet irreversibly converts to amorphous IrOx at potentials > 0.8 V/RHE, which is an excellent catalyst for oxygen evolution reactions (OER), yet a poor HER and HOR catalyst. Harnessing the multifunctional catalytic characteristics of Ir, here we design a unique Ir-based electrocatalyst with high crystallinity for OER, HER, and HOR. Under OER operation, the crystalline nanoparticle generates an atomically-thin IrOx layer, which reversibly transforms into a metallic Ir at more cathodic potentials, restoring high activity for HER and HOR. Our analysis reveals that a metallic Ir subsurface under thin IrOx layer can act as a catalytic substrate for the reduction of Ir ions, creating reversibility. Our work not only uncovers fundamental, uniquely reversible catalytic properties of nanoparticle catalysts, but also offers insights into nanocatalyst design. Reversible multifunctionality in electrocatalysts can allow voltage reversal during device operation. Here, authors design a crystalline Ir-based electrocatalyst with a thin reversible metallic-Ir/IrOx layer that shows activity for O2 evolution, H2 evolution, and H2 oxidation.
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17
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Pavlets A, Alekseenko A, Menshchikov V, Belenov S, Volochaev V, Pankov I, Safronenko O, Guterman V. Influence of Electrochemical Pretreatment Conditions of PtCu/C Alloy Electrocatalyst on Its Activity. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11061499. [PMID: 34204068 PMCID: PMC8229528 DOI: 10.3390/nano11061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A carbon supported PtCux/C catalyst, which demonstrates high activity in the oxygen electroreduction and methanol electrooxidation reactions in acidic media, has been obtained using a method of chemical reduction of Pt (IV) and Cu (2+) in the liquid phase. It has been found that the potential range of the preliminary voltammetric activation of the PtCux/C catalyst has a significant effect on the de-alloyed material activity in the oxygen electroreduction reaction (ORR). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) demonstrates that there are differences in the structures of the as-prepared material and the materials activated in different potential ranges. In this case, there is practically no difference in the composition of the PtCux-y/C materials obtained after activation in different conditions. The main reason for the established effect, apparently, is the reorganized features of the bimetallic nanoparticles’ surface structure, which depend on the value of the limiting anodic potential in the activation process. The effect of the activation conditions on the catalyst’s activity in the methanol electrooxidation reaction is less pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Pavlets
- Chemistry Faculty, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.P.); (A.A.); (V.M.); (O.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Anastasia Alekseenko
- Chemistry Faculty, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.P.); (A.A.); (V.M.); (O.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Vladislav Menshchikov
- Chemistry Faculty, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.P.); (A.A.); (V.M.); (O.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Sergey Belenov
- Chemistry Faculty, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.P.); (A.A.); (V.M.); (O.S.); (V.G.)
- Correspondence: or
| | - Vadim Volochaev
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (V.V.); (I.P.)
| | - Ilya Pankov
- Institute of Physical and Organic Chemistry, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (V.V.); (I.P.)
| | - Olga Safronenko
- Chemistry Faculty, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.P.); (A.A.); (V.M.); (O.S.); (V.G.)
| | - Vladimir Guterman
- Chemistry Faculty, Southern Federal University, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.P.); (A.A.); (V.M.); (O.S.); (V.G.)
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18
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Xu Y, Wang X, Chen H, Chen L, Chen W, Yin X, Liu A, Lin X, Weng S, Zheng Y. A facile approach for fabrication of three-dimensional platinum-nanoporous gold film and its application for sensitive detection of microRNA-126 combining with catalytic hairpin assembly reaction. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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19
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Moriau LJ, Hrnjić A, Pavlišič A, Kamšek AR, Petek U, Ruiz-Zepeda F, Šala M, Pavko L, Šelih VS, Bele M, Jovanovič P, Gatalo M, Hodnik N. Resolving the nanoparticles' structure-property relationships at the atomic level: a study of Pt-based electrocatalysts. iScience 2021; 24:102102. [PMID: 33659872 PMCID: PMC7890412 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving highly active and stable oxygen reduction reaction performance at low platinum-group-metal loadings remains one of the grand challenges in the proton-exchange membrane fuel cells community. Currently, state-of-the-art electrocatalysts are high-surface-area-carbon-supported nanoalloys of platinum with different transition metals (Cu, Ni, Fe, and Co). Despite years of focused research, the established structure-property relationships are not able to explain and predict the electrochemical performance and behavior of the real nanoparticulate systems. In the first part of this work, we reveal the complexity of commercially available platinum-based electrocatalysts and their electrochemical behavior. In the second part, we introduce a bottom-up approach where atomically resolved properties, structural changes, and strain analysis are recorded as well as analyzed on an individual nanoparticle before and after electrochemical conditions (e.g. high current density). Our methodology offers a new level of understanding of structure-stability relationships of practically viable nanoparticulate systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Jean Moriau
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Armin Hrnjić
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andraž Pavlišič
- Department of Catalysis and Chemical Reaction Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ana Rebeka Kamšek
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urša Petek
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin Šala
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Luka Pavko
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vid Simon Šelih
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marjan Bele
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Primož Jovanovič
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matija Gatalo
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nejc Hodnik
- Department of Materials Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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20
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On the Catalytic Activity and Corrosion Behavior of Polycrystalline Nickel in Alkaline Media in the Presence of Neutral and Reactive Gases. Electrocatalysis (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12678-020-00637-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Active electrochemical interfaces stabilized through self-organized potential oscillations. Electrochem commun 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2020.106853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Lopes PP, Li D, Lv H, Wang C, Tripkovic D, Zhu Y, Schimmenti R, Daimon H, Kang Y, Snyder J, Becknell N, More KL, Strmcnik D, Markovic NM, Mavrikakis M, Stamenkovic VR. Eliminating dissolution of platinum-based electrocatalysts at the atomic scale. NATURE MATERIALS 2020; 19:1207-1214. [PMID: 32690912 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-0735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A remaining challenge for the deployment of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells is the limited durability of platinum (Pt) nanoscale materials that operate at high voltages during the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction. In this work, atomic-scale insight into well-defined single-crystalline, thin-film and nanoscale surfaces exposed Pt dissolution trends that governed the design and synthesis of durable materials. A newly defined metric, intrinsic dissolution, is essential to understanding the correlation between the measured Pt loss, surface structure, size and ratio of Pt nanoparticles in a carbon (C) support. It was found that the utilization of a gold (Au) underlayer promotes ordering of Pt surface atoms towards a (111) structure, whereas Au on the surface selectively protects low-coordinated Pt sites. This mitigation strategy was applied towards 3 nm Pt3Au/C nanoparticles and resulted in the elimination of Pt dissolution in the liquid electrolyte, which included a 30-fold durability improvement versus 3 nm Pt/C over an extended potential range up to 1.2 V.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro P Lopes
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Dongguo Li
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Haifeng Lv
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dusan Tripkovic
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
- Faculty for Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yisi Zhu
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Roberto Schimmenti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hideo Daimon
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yijin Kang
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Joshua Snyder
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Nigel Becknell
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Karren L More
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Dusan Strmcnik
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Nenad M Markovic
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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23
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Ambolikar AS, Guin SK. Template‐free Electrosynthesis of Platinum Nano‐Cauliflowers for Catalysing Electron Transfer Reaction of Plutonium. ELECTROANAL 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.202060058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind S. Ambolikar
- Fuel Chemistry Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushakti Nagar Mumbai 400094 India
| | - Saurav K. Guin
- Fuel Chemistry Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay Mumbai 400085 India
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24
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Structure dependency of the atomic-scale mechanisms of platinum electro-oxidation and dissolution. Nat Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41929-020-0497-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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25
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Zheng Z, Yang F, Lin C, Zhu F, Shen S, Wei G, Zhang J. Voltage Cycling-Induced Pt Degradation in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Effect of Cycle Profiles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:35088-35097. [PMID: 32662620 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To understand the processes of voltage cycling-induced catalyst degradation, influence of cycle profiles on Pt degradation is investigated using a mathematical method. Results show that the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) loss rate increases significantly with longer dwell time at the upper potential limit (UPL), which is mainly attributed to the enhanced Pt mass loss. The scan rate is also found to have little impact on the ECSA loss in the range of 1-37.5 mV/s as a lower scan rate will increase the Pt mass loss but mitigate Ostwald ripening. However, too long dwell time at the UPL or too slow scan rate would promote the formation of a more steady-state Pt oxide coverage, which is speculated to mitigate Pt dissolution. Decreasing cycle number has also been demonstrated to be the main contributor to the lower ECSA loss due to Ostwald ripening. Additionally, Ostwald ripening and Pt mass loss have comparable contributions to catalyst degradation at the UPL ≤ 0.9 V, while Pt mass loss contributes more at a higher UPL, which suggests that different load cycling strategies should be proposed for mitigating catalyst degradation at different UPLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Zheng
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Fan Yang
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Chen Lin
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Fengjuan Zhu
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Shuiyun Shen
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Guanghua Wei
- SJTU-ParisTech Elite Institute of Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
| | - Junliang Zhang
- Institute of Fuel Cells, School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, PR China
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26
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Hanselman S, McCrum IT, Rost MJ, Koper MTM. Thermodynamics of the formation of surface PtO 2 stripes on Pt(111) in the absence of subsurface oxygen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:10634-10640. [PMID: 31701114 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05107d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the thermodynamics of PtO2 stripes formed as intermediates of Pt(111) surface oxidation as a function of the degree of dilation parallel to the stripes, using density functional theory and atomistic thermodynamics. Internal energy calculations predict 7/8 and 8/9 stripe structures to dominate at standard temperature and pressure, which contain 7 or 8 elevated PtO2 units per 8 or 9 supporting surface Pt atoms, respectively. Moreover, we found a thermodynamic optimum with respect to mean in-stripe Pt-Pt spacing close to that of α-PtO2. Vibrational zero point energies, including bulk layer contributions, make a small but significant contribution to the stripe free energies, leading to the 6/7 stripe being most stable, although the 7/8 structure is still close in free energy. These findings correspond closely to experimental observations, providing insight into the driving force for oxide stripe formation and structure as the initial intermediate of platinum surface oxidation, and aiding our understanding of platinum catalysts and surface roughening under oxidative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selwyn Hanselman
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9502, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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27
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Kang S, Fan Xia, Zhuofeng Hu, Hu W, She Y, Wang L, Fu X, Lu W. Platinum nanoparticles with TiO2–skin as a durable catalyst for photoelectrochemical methanol oxidation and electrochemical oxygen reduction reactions. Electrochim Acta 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.136119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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28
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Ji SG, Kim H, Choi H, Lee S, Choi CH. Overestimation of Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Evolution Reactivity Induced by Noble Metal Impurities Dissolved from Counter/Reference Electrodes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sang Gu Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Haesol Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Hojoong Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghan Lee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyuck Choi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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29
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Sandbeck DJS, Brummel O, Mayrhofer KJJ, Libuda J, Katsounaros I, Cherevko S. Dissolution of Platinum Single Crystals in Acidic Medium. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2997-3003. [PMID: 31603611 PMCID: PMC6899853 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Platinum single crystal basal planes consisting of Pt(111), Pt(100), Pt(110) and reference polycrystalline platinum Pt(poly) were subjected to various potentiodynamic and potentiostatic electrochemical treatments in 0.1 M HClO4 . Using the scanning flow cell coupled to an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (SFC-ICP-MS) the transient dissolution was detected on-line. Clear trends in dissolution onset potentials and quantities emerged which can be related to the differences in the crystal plane surface structure energies and coordination. Pt(111) is observed to have a higher dissolution onset potential while the generalized trend in dissolution rates and quantities was found to be Pt(110)>P(100)≈Pt(poly)>Pt(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J. S. Sandbeck
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Olaf Brummel
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Catalysis Resource CenterFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Karl J. J. Mayrhofer
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Erlangen Catalysis Resource CenterFriedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-NürnbergEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Ioannis Katsounaros
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11)Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHEgerlandstr. 391058ErlangenGermany
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30
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Abdelrahman A, Hermann JM, Jacob T, Kibler LA. Adsorption of Acetate on Au(111): An in-situ Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy Study and Implications on Formic Acid Electrooxidation. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:2989-2996. [PMID: 31369687 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201900560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The adsorption of acetate on an Au(111) electrode surface in contact with acetic acid at pH 2.7 was imaged in-situ using scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM). Two different ordered structures were imaged for acetate adsorbed in the bidentate configuration on the unreconstructed 1 × 1 surface at 0.95 V (vs. the saturated calomel electrode, SCE). The first structure, ( 19 × 19 ) R 23 . 45 ∘ , is metastable and transforms at constant potential within 20 minutes to a ( 2 × 2 ) structure, which is thermodynamically more favourable. The ( 2 × 2 ) acetate adlayer starts to form at step edges and propagates via nucleation and growth onto terraces. The findings from in-situ STM are in agreement with the electrochemical behaviour of acetate on Au(111) characterized by voltammetry. A comparison is made with formate adsorption on Au(111). While acetate is not reactive, in contrast to formate, it can act as a spectator species in formic acid electrooxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timo Jacob
- Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, 89069, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ludwig A Kibler
- Institut für Elektrochemie, Universität Ulm, 89069, Ulm, Germany
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31
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Nagashima S, Ikai T, Sasaki Y, Kawasaki T, Hatanaka T, Kato H, Kishita K. Atomic-Level Observation of Electrochemical Platinum Dissolution and Redeposition. NANO LETTERS 2019; 19:7000-7005. [PMID: 31524402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of electrochemical dynamics at solid-liquid interfaces is essential to develop advanced batteries and fuel cells and so on. For example, an atomic-level understanding of electrochemical Pt dissolution and redeposition behavior is crucial for optimizing the material design and operating conditions of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). This understanding enables the prevention of the degradation of Pt nanoparticles used as electrocatalysts. However, the mechanisms of Pt dissolution and redeposition are still not fully understood due to the lack of spatial resolution available with current observation techniques. Here, we have revealed for the first time atomic-level electrochemical Pt dissolution and redeposition behavior using in-house-developed observation techniques. We achieved atomic-level observations of closed-cell type liquid electrochemical transmission electron microscopy (TEM) by combining in-house-developed microelectromechanical system (MEMS) chips as an electrochemical cell, an aberration-corrected TEM apparatus, and an energy filter. Furthermore, accurate and stable potential control was achieved using an in-house-developed reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) with a liquid junction connected to the outside of a TEM specimen holder. Our observation results confirmed that Pt dissolves from surface step edges layer-by-layer, as previously predicted by the density functional theory (DFT). The observation techniques developed are also applicable to other research fields concerning electrochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Nagashima
- Material Creation & Analysis Department , Toyota Motor Corporation , Toyota 471-8572 , Japan
- Advanced Technology , Toyota Motor Europe , Zaventem 1930 , Belgium
| | - Toshihiro Ikai
- Catalyst Design Department , Toyota Motor Corporation , Toyota 471-8572 , Japan
| | - Yuki Sasaki
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory , Japan Fine Ceramics Center , Nagoya 456-8587 , Japan
| | - Tadahiro Kawasaki
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory , Japan Fine Ceramics Center , Nagoya 456-8587 , Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hatanaka
- Sustainable Energy & Environment Department , Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc. , Nagakute 480-1192 , Japan
| | - Hisao Kato
- Advanced Material Engineering Division , Toyota Motor Corporation , Susono 410-1193 , Japan
| | - Keisuke Kishita
- Material Creation & Analysis Department , Toyota Motor Corporation , Toyota 471-8572 , Japan
- Advanced Technology , Toyota Motor Europe , Zaventem 1930 , Belgium
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32
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Li Y, Hart J, Profitt L, Intikhab S, Chatterjee S, Taheri M, Snyder J. Sequential Capacitive Deposition of Ionic Liquids for Conformal Thin Film Coatings on Oxygen Reduction Reaction Electrocatalysts. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b03157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Li
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, United States
| | - James Hart
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, United States
| | - Lauren Profitt
- Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Saad Intikhab
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, United States
| | - Swarnendu Chatterjee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, United States
| | - Mitra Taheri
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, United States
| | - Joshua Snyder
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19014, United States
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33
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Hong W, Li CW. Microstructural Evolution of Au@Pt Core-Shell Nanoparticles under Electrochemical Polarization. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30977-30986. [PMID: 31365226 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b10158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the microstructural evolution of bimetallic Pt nanoparticles under electrochemical polarization is critical to developing durable fuel cell catalysts. In this work, we develop a colloidal synthetic method to generate core-shell Au@Pt nanoparticles of varying surface Pt coverages to understand how as-synthesized bimetallic microstructure influences nanoparticle structural evolution during formic acid oxidation. By comparing the electrochemical and structural properties of our Au@Pt core-shells with bimetallic AuPt alloys at various stages in catalytic cycling, we determine that these two structures evolve in divergent ways. In core-shell nanoparticles, Au atoms from the core migrate outward onto the surface, generating transient "single-atom" Pt active sites with high formic acid oxidation activity. Metal migration continues until Pt is completely encapsulated by Au, and catalytic reactivity ceases. In contrast, AuPt alloys undergo surface dealloying and significant leaching of Pt out of the nanoparticle. Elucidating the dynamic restructuring processes responsible for high electrocatalytic reactivity in Pt bimetallic structures will enable better design and predictive synthesis of nanoparticle catalysts that are both active and stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hong
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Dr. , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
| | - Christina W Li
- Department of Chemistry , Purdue University , 560 Oval Dr. , West Lafayette , Indiana 47907 , United States
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34
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Sukeri A, de Carvalho EJ, Bertotti M. A novel approach for one-step fabrication of platinum-nanoporous gold film via oxygen bubble template with enhanced electrochemical activity. Electrochem commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Yoo S, Cho S, Kim D, Ih S, Lee S, Zhang L, Li H, Lee JY, Liu L, Park S. 3D PtAu nanoframe superstructure as a high-performance carbon-free electrocatalyst. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:2840-2847. [PMID: 30676593 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr08231f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate how to synthesize a three-dimensional (3D) ordered PtAu nanoframe superstructure and evaluated its performance as an electrocatalyst. Compared to carbon supported platinum (Pt) nanocrystal electrocatalysts (wherein the aggregation- and carbon corrosion-induced fast degradation is a well-known drawback), the 3D PtAu nanoframe superstructure is free from aggregation and carbon corrosion. The 3D superstructure was self-assembled via drop-casting and evaporation using truncated octahedral PtAu nanoframes (TOh PtAu NFs) as building blocks that were produced by controlled wet-chemical etching of a TOh Au core whose edges and vertexes were selectively deposited with Pt atoms. Density functional theory calculations revealed that the surface alloy state of PtAu gave rise to an enhanced catalytic activity compared to pure Pt. Experimental investigations showed that such 3D superstructure electrocatalysts exhibited excellent mass transfer efficiency, higher catalytic activity and stability towards the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) compared to a commercial Pt/C catalyst. The demonstrated 3D nanoframe superstructure shows great potential for practical catalytic application due to its high structural stability, high catalytic activity, high surface area and ease of fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjae Yoo
- Department of Chemistry, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, South Korea.
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Kasian O, Geiger S, Mayrhofer KJJ, Cherevko S. Electrochemical On-line ICP-MS in Electrocatalysis Research. CHEM REC 2018; 19:2130-2142. [PMID: 30589199 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201800162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalyst degradation due to dissolution is one of the major challenges in electrochemical energy conversion technologies such as fuel cells and electrolysers. While tendencies towards dissolution can be grasped considering available thermodynamic data, the kinetics of material's stability in real conditions is still difficult to predict and have to be measured experimentally, ideally in-situ and/or on-line. On-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a technique developed recently to address exactly this issue. It allows time- and potential-resolved analysis of dissolution products in the electrolyte during the reaction under dynamic conditions. In this work, applications of on-line ICP-MS techniques in studies embracing dissolution of catalysts for oxygen reduction (ORR) and evolution (OER) as well as hydrogen oxidation (HOR) and evolution (HER) reactions are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Kasian
- Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Simon Geiger
- Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Current address: Institute of Engineering Thermodynamics, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Pfaffenwaldring 38-40, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karl J J Mayrhofer
- Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Department of Interface Chemistry and Surface Engineering, Max-Planck-Institut für Eisenforschung GmbH, 40237, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
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Lopes PP, Zorko M, Hawthorne KL, Connell JG, Ingram BJ, Strmcnik D, Stamenkovic VR, Markovic NM. Real-Time Monitoring of Cation Dissolution/Deintercalation Kinetics from Transition-Metal Oxides in Organic Environments. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4935-4940. [PMID: 30058338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The future of high-voltage rechargeable batteries is closely tied to the fundamental understanding of the processes that lead to the potential-dependent degradation of electrode materials and organic electrolytes. To date, however, there have been no methods able to provide quantitative, in situ and in real time information about the electrode dissolution kinetics and concomitant electrolyte decomposition during charge/discharge. We describe the development of such a method, which is of both fundamental and technological significance. Our novel approach enables simultaneous and independent measurements of transition-metal cation dissolution rates from different oxide hosts (Co3+/4+ or Cr3+/4+), deintercalation kinetics of working cations (Mg2+), and the relative rate of electrolyte decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro P Lopes
- Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Milena Zorko
- Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Krista L Hawthorne
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Justin G Connell
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Brian J Ingram
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
- Chemical Science and Engineering Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Dusan Strmcnik
- Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Vojislav R Stamenkovic
- Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
| | - Nenad M Markovic
- Materials Science Division , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
- Joint Center for Energy Storage Research , Argonne National Laboratory , 9700 South Cass Avenue , Lemont , Illinois 60439 , United States
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Guo HP, Ruan BY, Luo WB, Deng J, Wang JZ, Liu HK, Dou SX. Ultrathin and Edge-Enriched Holey Nitride Nanosheets as Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen and Hydrogen Evolution Reactions. ACS Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b01821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Peng Guo
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Bo-Yang Ruan
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Wen-Bin Luo
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Jianqiu Deng
- School of Material Science and Engineering & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin 541004, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Zhao Wang
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Hua-Kun Liu
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, New South Wales 2500, Australia
| | - Shi-Xue Dou
- Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, Fairy Meadow, New South Wales 2500, Australia
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