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Cavalcante JGT, Ribeiro VHDS, Marqueti RDC, Paz IDA, Bastos JAI, Vaz MA, Babault N, Durigan JLQ. Effect of muscle length on maximum evoked torque, discomfort, contraction fatigue, and strength adaptations during electrical stimulation in adult populations: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304205. [PMID: 38857245 PMCID: PMC11164398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) can improve physical function in different populations. NMES-related outcomes may be influenced by muscle length (i.e., joint angle), a modulator of the force generation capacity of muscle fibers. Nevertheless, to date, there is no comprehensive synthesis of the available scientific evidence regarding the optimal joint angle for maximizing the effectiveness of NMES. We performed a systematic review to investigate the effect of muscle length on NMES-induced torque, discomfort, contraction fatigue, and strength training adaptations in healthy and clinical adult populations (PROSPERO: CRD42022332965). We conducted searches across seven electronic databases: PUBMED, Web of Science, EMBASE, PEDro, BIREME, SCIELO, and Cochrane, over the period from June 2022 to October 2023, without restricting the publication year. We included cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that used NMES as an intervention or assessment tool for comparing muscle lengths in adult populations. We excluded studies on vocalization, respiratory, or pelvic floor muscles. Data extraction was performed via a standardized form to gather information on participants, interventions, and outcomes. Risk of bias was assessed using the Revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for cross-over trials and the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. Out of the 1185 articles retrieved through our search strategy, we included 36 studies in our analysis, that included 448 healthy young participants (age: 19-40 years) in order to investigate maximum evoked torque (n = 268), contraction fatigability (n = 87), discomfort (n = 82), and muscle strengthening (n = 22), as well as six participants with spinal cord injuries, and 15 healthy older participants. Meta-analyses were possible for comparing maximal evoked torque according to quadriceps muscle length through knee joint angle. At optimal muscle length 50° - 70° of knee flexion, where 0° is full extension), there was greater evoked torque during nerve stimulation compared to very short (0 - 30°) (p<0.001, CI 95%: -2.03, -1.15 for muscle belly stimulation, and -3.54, -1.16 for femoral nerve stimulation), short (31° - 49°) (p = 0.007, CI 95%: -1.58, -0.25), and long (71° - 90°) (p<0.001, CI 95%: 0.29, 1.02) muscle lengths. At long muscle lengths, NMES evoked greater torque than very short (p<0.001, CI 95%: -2.50, -0.67) and short (p = 0.04, CI 95%: -2.22, -0.06) lengths. The shortest quadriceps length generated the highest perceived discomfort for a given current amplitude. The amount of contraction fatigability was greater when muscle length allowed greater torque generation in the pre-fatigue condition. Strength gains were greater for a protocol at the optimal muscle length than for short muscle length. The quality of evidence was very high for most comparisons for evoked torque. However, further studies are necessary to achieve certainty for the other outcomes. Optimal muscle length should be considered the primary choice during NMES interventions, as it promotes higher levels of force production and may facilitate the preservation/gain in muscle force and mass, with reduced discomfort. However, a longer than optimal muscle length may also be used, due to possible muscle lengthening at high evoked tension. Thorough understanding of these physiological principles is imperative for the appropriate prescription of NMES for healthy and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Galvão Tenório Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Muscle and Tendon Plasticity, Graduate Program of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Victor Hugo de Souza Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Muscle and Tendon Plasticity, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cássia Marqueti
- Molecular Analysis Laboratory, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Isabel de Almeida Paz
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Júlia Aguillar Ivo Bastos
- Laboratory of Muscle and Tendon Plasticity, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Vaz
- Exercise Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Dance, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Babault
- Centre d’Expertise de la Performance, INSERM UMR1093-CAPS, UFR des Sciences du Sport, University of Burgundy Franche-Comté, Besançon, Dijon, France
| | - João Luiz Quagliotti Durigan
- Laboratory of Muscle and Tendon Plasticity, Graduate Program of Physical Education, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
- Laboratory of Muscle and Tendon Plasticity, Graduate Program of Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Pimenta R, Lopes T, Correia JP, Veloso AP. Effects of repeated sprinting on hamstring shear modulus pattern and knee flexor neuromuscular parameters. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12624. [PMID: 37537276 PMCID: PMC10400546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38861-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to examine the acute effects of a maximum repeated sprint protocol on (1) hamstring shear modulus and (2) knee flexor neuromuscular parameters such as peak torque (PT) and rate of torque development (RTD). Muscle shear modulus was assessed in 18 healthy males using shear wave elastography at rest and during 30° isometric knee flexion at 20% of maximal voluntary isometric contraction, before and after a 10 × 30 m repeated sprint protocol. There was a 9% decrease in average speed between the fastest and slowest sprint (p < 0.001; d = 2.27). A pre-post decrease was observed in PT (p = 0.004; η2p = 0.399) and in the 0-50 ms (p = 0.042; η2p = 0.222), and 50-100 ms (p = 0.028; η2p = 0.254) RTD periods. For the active shear modulus, the only significant change after the sprint task was in the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) with an increase of 10% (Pre: 26.29 ± 8.89 kPa; Post: 28.93 ± 8.31 kPa; p = 0.015; d = 0.31). The present study provides evidence that repeated sprinting leads to significant decreases in average speed, PT, early RTD (0-50 ms; 50-100 ms), and to an increase in BFlh active shear modulus without changing the shear modulus of the other hamstrings muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Pimenta
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Research Center of the Polytechnic Institute of Maia (N2i), Maia Polytechnic Institute (IPMAIA), Castêlo da Maia, 4475-690, Maia, Portugal.
| | - Tomás Lopes
- Department of Biochemistry, King's College London, Strand, London, UK
| | - José Pedro Correia
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António Prieto Veloso
- CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa, 1499-002, Cruz Quebrada - Dafundo, Lisboa, Portugal
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Chalchat E, Siracusa J, Bourrilhon C, Charlot K, Gennisson JL, Garcia-Vicencio S, Martin V. Contractile properties are less affected at long than short muscle length after eccentric exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2023; 123:1101-1114. [PMID: 36645479 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05134-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the electrically evoked muscle responses are differently affected over time by the knee joint angle after an exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD). We hypothesized that low-frequency-evoked responses would be less affected at long than short muscle length, and that mechanisms located within the muscle and tendinous tissues would be involved. METHODS Fifteen males performed 45 min loaded downhill walking (DW) exercise. Maximal voluntary contraction torque (MVC), optimal angle for torque production, voluntary activation level (VAL), twitch, doublet at 10 and 100 Hz (Db10 and Db100, respectively), rate of torque development (RTD), post-activation potentiation (PAP), muscle shear elastic modulus (µ) and aponeurosis stiffness were assessed before, after, and 4, 24, 48, 72 and 168 h after the exercise at a knee angle of 40°, 90° and 120° (0°: full extension). RESULTS MVC, VAL and Db100 were similarly decreased across joint angles after the DW and optimal angle was not affected. Twitch, Db10, Db10/Db100, PAP and RTD were less affected and muscle µ more increased at long than short muscle lengths (p < 0.05), especially during the first 24 h after the DW exercise. CONCLUSION Low-frequency-evoked responses were more preserved at long than short muscle length the first 24 h after the DW exercise, suggesting that joint angle should be taken into account to assess muscular alterations after EIMD. This length-dependence could be associated to the higher sensitivity to Ca2+ and the higher increase in muscle stiffness at long than short muscle length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeric Chalchat
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223, Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France.
- AME2P, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Julien Siracusa
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223, Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025, Evry, France
| | - Cyprien Bourrilhon
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223, Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025, Evry, France
| | - Keyne Charlot
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223, Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025, Evry, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gennisson
- BIOMAPS, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale Multimodale, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Inserm, Orsay, France
| | - Sebastian Garcia-Vicencio
- Unité de Physiologie de l'Exercice et Activités en Conditions Extrêmes, Département Environnements Opérationnels, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, 91223, Bretigny-Sur-Orge, France
- LBEPS, Univ Evry, IRBA, Université Paris Saclay, 91025, Evry, France
- Human Motion Analysis, Humanfab, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Vincent Martin
- AME2P, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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Paulauskas H, Baranauskiene N, Wang J, Mikucioniene D, Eimantas N, Brazaitis M. Local knee heating increases spinal and supraspinal excitability and enhances plantar flexion and dorsiflexion torque production of the ankle in older adults. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:2259-2271. [PMID: 32776256 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04449-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Aging is associated with progressive loss of active muscle mass and consequent decreases in resting metabolic rate and body temperature, and slowing of nerve conduction velocities and muscle contractility. These effectors compromise the ability of the elderly to maintain an upright posture during sudden balance perturbation, increase the risk of falls, and lead to self-imposed reduction in physical activity. Short-term superficial acute heating can modulate the neural drive transmission to exercising muscles without any marked change in deep-muscle temperature. METHODS To determine whether the short-term (5 min) application of local passive knee-surface heating (next-to-skin temperature, ~ 44 °C) in healthy older subjects of both sexes (64-74 years; eight men/eight women) enhances reflex excitability, we compared the voluntarily and electrically induced ankle muscle torque production and contractile properties with those of healthy younger subjects of both sexes (21-35 years, 10 men/10 women). RESULTS The application of local heating (vs. control) increased the maximal Hoffman reflex (Hmax), the maximal volitional wave (Vsup) amplitude, and the Hmax/Mmax amplitude ratio, and decreased Vsup latency only in older adults. In the older adults (vs. younger adults), the application of local heating (vs. control trial) was accompanied by a significant increase in maximal voluntary peak torque, rate of torque development, and isokinetic peak torque of plantar flexion/dorsiflexion muscle contraction. CONCLUSION The spinal and supraspinal reflex excitability of older adults increased during local knee-heating application. The improved motor drive transmission observed in older adults was accompanied by increased voluntarily induced torque production of the ankle muscles during isometric/isokinetic contractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrikas Paulauskas
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Neringa Baranauskiene
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Junli Wang
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Daiva Mikucioniene
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Design, Kaunas University of Technology, Studentu 56, 51424, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nerijus Eimantas
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sports Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 44221, Kaunas, Lithuania.
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Satas A, Jurgelaitiene G, Brazaitis M, Eimantas N, Skurvydas A. Effect of knee extensors muscles fatigue on bilateral force accuracy, variability, and coordination. Hum Mov Sci 2020; 72:102659. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Felippe LC, Melo TG, Silva-Cavalcante MD, Ferreira GA, Boari D, Bertuzzi R, Lima-Silva AE. Relationship between recovery of neuromuscular function and subsequent capacity to work above critical power. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1237-1249. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04338-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Implications of Impaired Endurance Performance following Single Bouts of Resistance Training: An Alternate Concurrent Training Perspective. Sports Med 2018; 47:2187-2200. [PMID: 28702901 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A single bout of resistance training induces residual fatigue, which may impair performance during subsequent endurance training if inadequate recovery is allowed. From a concurrent training standpoint, such carry-over effects of fatigue from a resistance training session may impair the quality of a subsequent endurance training session for several hours to days with inadequate recovery. The proposed mechanisms of this phenomenon include: (1) impaired neural recruitment patterns; (2) reduced movement efficiency due to alteration in kinematics during endurance exercise and increased energy expenditure; (3) increased muscle soreness; and (4) reduced muscle glycogen. If endurance training quality is consistently compromised during the course of a specific concurrent training program, optimal endurance development may be limited. Whilst the link between acute responses of training and subsequent training adaptation has not been fully established, there is some evidence suggesting that cumulative effects of fatigue may contribute to limiting optimal endurance development. Thus, the current review will (1) explore cross-sectional studies that have reported impaired endurance performance following a single, or multiple bouts, of resistance training; (2) identify the potential impact of fatigue on chronic endurance development; (3) describe the implications of fatigue on the quality of endurance training sessions during concurrent training, and (4) explain the mechanisms contributing to resistance training-induced attenuation on endurance performance from neurological, biomechanical and metabolic standpoints. Increasing the awareness of resistance training-induced fatigue may encourage coaches to consider modulating concurrent training variables (e.g., order of training mode, between-mode recovery period, training intensity, etc.) to limit the carry-over effects of fatigue from resistance to endurance training sessions.
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Felippe LC, Ferreira GA, Learsi SK, Boari D, Bertuzzi R, Lima-Silva AE. Caffeine increases both total work performed above critical power and peripheral fatigue during a 4-km cycling time trial. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2018; 124:1491-1501. [PMID: 29470151 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00930.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between total work performed above critical power (CP) and peripheral muscle fatigue during self-paced exercise is unknown. We investigated the influence of caffeine on the total work done above CP during a 4-km cycling time trial (TT) and the subsequent consequence on the development of central and peripheral fatigue. Nine cyclists performed three constant-load exercise trials to determine CP and two 4-km TTs ~75 min after oral caffeine (5 mg/kg) or cellulose (placebo) ingestion. Neuromuscular functions were assessed before and 50 min after supplementation and 1 min after TT. Oral supplementation alone had no effect on neuromuscular function ( P > 0.05). Compared with placebo, caffeine increased mean power output (~4%, P = 0.01) and muscle recruitment (as inferred by EMG, ~17%, P = 0.01) and reduced the time to complete the TT (~2%, P = 0.01). Work performed above CP during the caffeine trial (16.7 ± 2.1 kJ) was significantly higher than during the placebo (14.7 ± 2.1 kJ, P = 0.01). End-exercise decline in quadriceps twitch force (pre- to postexercise decrease in twitch force at 1 and 10 Hz) was more pronounced after caffeine compared with placebo (121 ± 13 and 137 ± 14 N vs. 146 ± 13 and 156 ± 11 N; P < 0.05). There was no effect of caffeine on central fatigue. In conclusion, caffeine increases muscle recruitment, which enables greater work performed above CP and higher end-exercise peripheral locomotor muscle fatigue. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The link between total work done above critical power and peripheral fatigue during a self-paced, high-intensity exercise is unclear. This study revealed that caffeine ingestion increases muscle recruitment, which enables greater work done above critical power and a greater degree of end-exercise decline in quadriceps twitch force during a 4-km cycling time trial. These findings suggest that caffeine increases performance at the expense of greater locomotor muscle fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Kely Learsi
- Sport Science Research Group, Federal University of Pernambuco , Pernambuco , Brazil
| | - Daniel Boari
- Center of Engineering, Modeling, and Applied Social Science, Federal University of ABC , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Romulo Bertuzzi
- Endurance Performance Research Group (GEDAE-USP), University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Adriano Eduardo Lima-Silva
- Sport Science Research Group, Federal University of Pernambuco , Pernambuco , Brazil.,Human Performance Research Group, Technological Federal University of Parana, Parana, Brazil
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Skurvydas A, Verbickas V, Eimantas N, Baranauskiene N, Cernych M, Skrodeniene E, Daniuseviciute L, Brazaitis M. Psychological and Physiological Biomarkers of Neuromuscular Fatigue after Two Bouts of Sprint Interval Exercise. Front Psychol 2017; 8:2282. [PMID: 29312105 PMCID: PMC5744043 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The main aim of our study was to determinate whether a repeated bout (RB) (vs. first bout [FB]) of sprint interval cycling exercise (SIE) is sufficient to mitigate SIE-induced psychological and physiological biomarker kinetics within 48 h after the exercise. Ten physically active men (age, 22.6 ± 5.2 years; VO2max, 44.3 ± 5.7 ml/kg/min) performed the FB of SIE (12 repeats of 5 s each) on one day and the RB 2 weeks later. The following parameters were measured: motor performance (voluntary, electrically induced and isokinetic skeletal muscle contraction torque, and central activation ratio [CAR]); stress markers [brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cortisol, norepinephrine, and epinephrine]; inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α); metabolic markers (glucose and lactate); muscle and rectal temperature; cycling power output; and psychological perceptions. The average cycling power output and neuromuscular fatigue after exercise did not differ between the FB and RB. There were significant decreases in cortisol and BDNF concentration at 12 h (P < 0.05) and 24 h (P < 0.001) after the FB, respectively. The decrease in cortisol concentration observed 12 h after exercise was significantly greater after the RB (P < 0.05) than after the FB. The immune-metabolic response to the RB (vs. FB) SIE was suppressed and accompanied by lower psychological exertion. Most of the changes in psychological and physiological biomarkers in the FB and RB were closely related to the response kinetics of changes in BDNF concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertas Skurvydas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vaidas Verbickas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Nerijus Eimantas
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Neringa Baranauskiene
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Margarita Cernych
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Erika Skrodeniene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Laura Daniuseviciute
- Department of Physical Education, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Institute of Sport Science and Innovation, Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Bauer C, Rast F, Ernst M, Meichtry A, Kool J, Rissanen S, Suni J, Kankaanpää M. The effect of muscle fatigue and low back pain on lumbar movement variability and complexity. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2017; 33:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Lazaridis S, Patikas DA, Bassa E, Tsatalas T, Hatzikotoulas K, Ftikas C, Kotzamanidis C. The acute effects of an intense stretch-shortening cycle fatigue protocol on the neuromechanical parameters of lower limbs in men and prepubescent boys. J Sports Sci 2017; 36:131-139. [PMID: 28282755 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2017.1287932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The study examined the differences between boys and adults after an intense stretch-shortening cycle fatigue protocol on neuromechanical parameters of the lower limb. Thirteen boys (9-11 years old) and 13 adult men (22-28 years old) were tested for maximal isometric voluntary knee extension torque and drop jump (DJ) performance from 30 cm before and immediately after a fatigue protocol, consisted of 10 × 10 maximum effort vertical jumps. Three-dimensional kinematics, kinetics and electromyographic (EMG) parameters of the lower extremities muscles were recorded during DJs before and after the fatigue test. The results indicated that reduction in maximal isometric torque and jumping performance was significantly higher in adults compared to boys. Vertical ground reaction forces, contact time and maximum knee flexion increased in a greater extend in adults than in boys. In addition, preactivation, EMG agonist activity, knee joint stiffness and stretch reflex decreased more in adults than in boys at all the examined phases of jumping tasks. It is concluded that employed fatigue protocol induced acute reduction in performance and altered motor control during jumping in both age groups. However, the differences in the level of fatigue between the 2 groups could be attributed to neuromuscular, mechanical and kinematic parameters observed between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savvas Lazaridis
- a School of Physical Education and Sport Science , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Dimitrios A Patikas
- a School of Physical Education and Sport Science , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Eleni Bassa
- a School of Physical Education and Sport Science , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Themistoklis Tsatalas
- b Center for Research and Technology , Institute for Research and Technology Thessaly , Trikala , Greece.,c School of Physical Education and Sport Science , University of Thessaly , Trikala , Greece
| | - Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- a School of Physical Education and Sport Science , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Christos Ftikas
- a School of Physical Education and Sport Science , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
| | - Christos Kotzamanidis
- a School of Physical Education and Sport Science , Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki , Greece
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Reliability and fatigue characteristics of a standing hip isometric endurance protocol. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2015; 25:667-74. [PMID: 26004629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is a common consideration when evaluating and rehabilitating athletic injuries. The presence of muscular fatigue has been previously determined by quantifying median frequency (MF) through a power spectral analysis on EMG signals collected throughout an endurance task. Research has not yet determined if a prolonged isometric test in a standing position generates muscular fatigue of the hip. The purpose of this study was to determine the reliability and fatigue characteristics of a standing hip isometric endurance test. Twenty healthy participants completed one 60-s Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction of standing hip flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction. MF of the participants' dominant limb rectus femoris (RF), biceps femoris (BF), gluteus maximus (GMax), gluteus medius (GMed) and adductor longus (ADD) was determined via surface electromyography during two sessions, 30-min apart. Reliability values (ICC2,1) were moderate-to-excellent for all time intervals of each action (FlexionRF: >0.80; ExtensionBF: >0.89; ExtensionGMax: >0.60; AdductionADD: >0.78; AbductionGMed: >0.60) and MF significantly decreased over time for all actions. Results suggest the endurance test is a reliable technique to generate muscular fatigue for hip flexion, extension, adduction and abduction. It can be used as a time efficient fatigue protocol specific to the RF, BF, GMax, ADD and GMed.
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Streckis V, Skurvydas A, Mamkus G. Effect of the time of day on central and peripheral fatigue during 2-min maximal voluntary contractions in persons with multiple sclerosis: gender differences. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2014; 24:601-6. [PMID: 24996556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lack of data on fatigue changes within 24h among patients with multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of time of day on central and peripheral fatigue during a continuous 2-min maximal voluntary contraction of the quadriceps muscle in women and men with multiple sclerosis (MS). We studied age-matched MS patients (range, 40-50years). The inclusion criteria for patients were: a Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status score and a Fatigue Severity Scale score. We found a significant gender difference in central activation ratio (CAR) in the evening. At the end of the 2-min maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), the voluntary torque decreased by about 65% in men and women with MS in both the morning and evening. We also observed that, in women, CAR decreased markedly during the first 30s in the evening test. The most interesting finding of our study is that central fatigue increased, whereas peripheral fatigue decreased markedly in the evening only in women. It remains unclear why women's central fatigue is greater in the evening than in the morning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vytautas Streckis
- Center for Movement of Fundamental and Clinical Research, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania.
| | - Albertas Skurvydas
- Center for Movement of Fundamental and Clinical Research, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Gediminas Mamkus
- Center for Movement of Fundamental and Clinical Research, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto str. 6, LT-44221 Kaunas, Lithuania
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Timmins RG, Opar DA, Williams MD, Schache AG, Dear NM, Shield AJ. Reduced biceps femoris myoelectrical activity influences eccentric knee flexor weakness after repeat sprint running. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 24:e299-305. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. G. Timmins
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Queensland Australia
- School of Exercise Science; Australian Catholic University; Victoria Australia
| | - D. A. Opar
- School of Exercise Science; Australian Catholic University; Victoria Australia
| | - M. D. Williams
- Division of Sport and Science; University of South Wales; Pontypridd Wales UK
| | - A. G. Schache
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Melbourne; Victoria Australia
| | - N. M. Dear
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - A. J. Shield
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation; Queensland University of Technology; Brisbane Queensland Australia
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15
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Gorianovas G, Skurvydas A, Streckis V, Brazaitis M, Kamandulis S, McHugh MP. Repeated bout effect was more expressed in young adult males than in elderly males and boys. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:218970. [PMID: 23484095 PMCID: PMC3581300 DOI: 10.1155/2013/218970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated possible differences using the same stretch-shortening exercise (SSE) protocol on generally accepted monitoring markers (dependent variables: changes in creatine kinase, muscle soreness, and voluntary and electrically evoked torque) in males across three lifespan stages (childhood versus adulthood versus old age). The protocol consisted of 100 intermittent (30 s interval between jumps) drop jumps to determine the repeated bout effect (RBE) (first and second bouts performed at a 2-week interval). The results showed that indirect symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage after SSE were more expressed in adult males than in boys and elderly males, suggesting that the muscles of boys and elderly males are more resistant to exercise-induced damage than those of adult males. RBE was more pronounced in adult males than in boys and elderly males, suggesting that the muscles of boys and elderly males are less adaptive to exercise-induced muscle damage than those of adult males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giedrius Gorianovas
- Department of Applied Biology and Physiotherapy, Research Centre for Fundamental and Clinical Movement Sciences, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 4422 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Albertas Skurvydas
- Department of Applied Biology and Physiotherapy, Research Centre for Fundamental and Clinical Movement Sciences, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 4422 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Vytautas Streckis
- Department of Applied Biology and Physiotherapy, Research Centre for Fundamental and Clinical Movement Sciences, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 4422 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Marius Brazaitis
- Department of Applied Biology and Physiotherapy, Research Centre for Fundamental and Clinical Movement Sciences, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 4422 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Sigitas Kamandulis
- Department of Applied Biology and Physiotherapy, Research Centre for Fundamental and Clinical Movement Sciences, Lithuanian Sports University, Sporto 6, 4422 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Malachy P. McHugh
- Nicholas Institute of Sports Medicine and Athletic Trauma, Lenox Hill Hospital, 130 East 77th Street, New York, NY 10075, USA
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16
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Kamandulis S, Skurvydas A, Brazaitis M, Stanislovaitis A, Duchateau J, Stanislovaitiene J. Effect of a periodized power training program on the functional performances and contractile properties of the quadriceps in sprinters. RESEARCH QUARTERLY FOR EXERCISE AND SPORT 2012; 83:540-545. [PMID: 23367816 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2012.10599143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Our purpose was to compare the effect of a periodized preparation consisting of power endurance training and high-intensity power training on the contractile properties of the quadriceps muscle and functional performances in well trained male sprinters (n = 7). After 4 weeks of high-intensity power training, 60-m sprint running time improved by an average of 1.83% (SD = 0.96; p < .05). This improvement was inversely related to an increase in maximal voluntary contraction torque (r = -.89, p < .05) and poorly correlated with changes in the contractile kinetics of the quadriceps muscle (r range from .36 to -.46). These findings suggest that sprint performance is poorly predicted by muscle intrinsic properties and that a neural adaptation appears to explain most of the observed functional adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigitas Kamandulis
- Research Center for Fundamental and Clinical Movement Science, Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education, Kaunas.
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17
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Venckunas T, Skurvydas A, Brazaitis M, Kamandulis S, Snieckus A, Moran CN. Human alpha-actinin-3 genotype association with exercise-induced muscle damage and the repeated-bout effect. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2012; 37:1038-46. [PMID: 22891846 DOI: 10.1139/h2012-087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) is an integral part of the Z line of the sarcomere. The ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739) polymorphism determines the presence or absence of functional ACTN3, which may influence the extent of exercise-induced muscle damage. This study aimed to compare the impact of, and recovery from, muscle-damaging eccentric exercise on subjects with or without functional ACTN3. Seventeen young men (20-33 years old), homozygous for the R (n = 9) or X (n = 8) alleles, performed two bouts of stretch-shortening exercise (50 drop jumps) two weeks apart. Muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, jump height, maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVC), peak concentric isokinetic torque (IT), and electrically stimulated knee extension torques at 20 and 100 Hz were measured at baseline and at a number of time points up to 14 days after each bout. There were no significant baseline differences between the groups. However, significant time point × genotype interactions were observed for MVC (p = 0.021) and IT (p = 0.011) for the immediate effect of eccentric exercise in bout 1. The RR group showed greater voluntary force decrements (RR vs. XX: MVC, -33.3% vs. -24.5%; IT, -35.9% vs. -23.2%) and slower recovery. A repeated-bout effect was clearly observed, but there were no differences by genotype group. The ACTN3 genotype modulates the response of muscle function to plyometric jumping exercise, although the differences are modest. The ACTN3 genotype does not influence the clearly observed repeated-bout effect; however, XX homozygotes recover baseline voluntary torque values faster and thus may be able to undertake more frequent training sessions.
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Concentrically trained cyclists are not more susceptible to eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage than are stretch-shortening exercise-trained runners. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 113:621-8. [PMID: 22886189 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-012-2470-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Here, we test the hypothesis that continuous concentric exercise training renders skeletal muscles more susceptible to damage in response to eccentric exercise. Elite road cyclists (CYC; n = 10, training experience 8.1 ± 2.0 years, age 22.9 ± 3.7 years), long-distance runners (LDR; n = 10, 9.9 ± 2.3 years, 24.4 ± 2.5 years), and healthy untrained (UT) men (n = 10; 22.4 ± 1.7 years) performed 100 submaximal eccentric contractions at constant angular velocity of 60° s(-1). Concentric isokinetic peak torque, isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), and electrically induced knee extension torque were measured at baseline and immediately and 48 h after an eccentric exercise bout. Muscle soreness was assessed and plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity was measured at baseline and 48 h after exercise. Voluntary and electrically stimulated knee extension torque reduction were significantly greater (p < 0.05) in UT than in LDR and CYC. Immediately and 48 h after exercise, MVC decreased by 32 % and 20 % in UT, 20 % and 5 % in LDR, and 25 % and 6 % in CYC. Electrically induced 20 Hz torque decreased at the same times by 61 and 29 % in UT, 40 and 17 % in LDR, and 26 and 14 % in CYC. Muscle soreness and plasma CK activity 48 h after exercise did not differ significantly between athletes and UT subjects. In conclusion, even though elite endurance athletes are more resistant to eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage than are UT people, stretch-shortening exercise-trained LDR have no advantage over concentrically trained CYC.
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Skurvydas A, Brazaitis M, Venckūnas T, Kamandulis S. Predictive value of strength loss as an indicator of muscle damage across multiple drop jumps. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2011; 36:353-60. [PMID: 21574783 DOI: 10.1139/h11-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the time-course of indirect symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage after 50 and 100 drop jumps. A high-force, low intensity exercise protocol was used to avoid discrepancies regarding metabolic fatigue immediately after exercise. Healthy untrained men performed 50 ("50 group", n = 13) or 100 ("100 group", n = 13) intermittent (30-s interval between each jump) drop jumps, respectively, from the height of 0.5 m with a counter-movement to a 90° knee flexion angle and immediate maximal rebound. Voluntary and electrically evoked knee extensor strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer immediately before and at 2 min after exercise, as well as 3, 7, and 14 days after exercise. Creatine kinase (CK) activity and muscle soreness within 7 days after exercise were also determined. The results showed that the decrease in voluntary isometric and isokinetic torque as well as 100 Hz stimulation torque at the end of the 50 and 100 drop jumps was very similar, while substantial differences were found in low-frequency fatigue, shift in optimal knee joint angle, muscle soreness, and CK activity. In addition, there was slower muscle strength recovery after the 100 drop jumps. It is concluded that the predictive value of strength loss immediately after exercise as an indicator of muscle damage decreases as the jump number increases. Still, stimuli must be large enough for muscle torque to reach the reduction plateau. Therefore, magnitude of exercise becomes a major factor in accuracy of muscle damage predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albertas Skurvydas
- Sports and Movement Science Centre, Lithuanian Academy of Physical Education, Kaunas, Lithuania
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20
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Brown SJ, Donnelly A. Changes in human skeletal muscle length during stimulated eccentric muscle actions. J Physiol Sci 2011; 61:31-6. [PMID: 21080138 PMCID: PMC10718023 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-010-0118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Following eccentric exercise, increases in muscle length alter the length-tension relation of skeletal muscle. However, its unclear if this change occurs during eccentric exercise. Therefore, 70 eccentric actions of the knee extensors of one leg (with superimposed electrical stimulation) were performed at 100°/s, from full extension to full flexion. Angle-specific eccentric force was recorded throughout. Force decreased at all angles although this was non-uniform. At 70°, force decreased by 25%, whereas at 130°, force decreased by 41%. Initial peak force was recorded at 100° (590 ± 232 N); the exercise bout induced a 21% decrease in peak force and a 10° shift in the position of peak force production to 90°. The rightward shift in the muscle length-tension relation thus occurred during eccentric exercise, where greater force loss at short muscle lengths suggested an eccentric-induced over-stretching of sarcomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Brown
- Division of Exercise and Sport Science, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Human Health, Massey University Albany, Private Bag 102-904, Auckland, New Zealand.
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