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Kracmarova-Farren M, Papik J, Uhlik O, Freeman J, Foster A, Leewis MC, Creamer C. Compost, plants and endophytes versus metal contamination: choice of a restoration strategy steers the microbiome in polymetallic mine waste. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2023; 18:74. [PMID: 37805609 PMCID: PMC10559404 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00528-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Finding solutions for the remediation and restoration of abandoned mining areas is of great environmental importance as they pose a risk to ecosystem health. In this study, our aim was to determine how remediation strategies with (i) compost amendment, (ii) planting a metal-tolerant grass Bouteloua curtipendula, and (iii) its inoculation with beneficial endophytes influenced the microbiome of metal-contaminated tailings originating from the abandoned Blue Nose Mine, SE Arizona, near Patagonia (USA). We conducted an indoor microcosm experiment followed by a metataxonomic analysis of the mine tailings, compost, and root samples. Our results showed that each remediation strategy promoted a distinct pattern of microbial community structure in the mine tailings, which correlated with changes in their chemical properties. The combination of compost amendment and endophyte inoculation led to the highest prokaryotic diversity and total nitrogen and organic carbon, but also induced shifts in microbial community structure that significantly correlated with an enhanced potential for mobilization of Cu and Sb. Our findings show that soil health metrics (total nitrogen, organic carbon and pH) improved, and microbial community changed, due to organic matter input and endophyte inoculation, which enhanced metal leaching from the mine waste and potentially increased environmental risks posed by Cu and Sb. We further emphasize that because the initial choice of remediation strategy can significantly impact trace element mobility via modulation of both soil chemistry and microbial communities, site specific, bench-scale preliminary tests, as reported here, can help determine the potential risk of a chosen strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kracmarova-Farren
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Papik
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Uhlik
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technicka 3, 166 28, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - John Freeman
- Intrinsyx Environmental, Sunnyvale, CA, 94085, USA
| | | | - Mary-Cathrine Leewis
- U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA, USA
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec Research and Development Centre, Quebec, QC, Canada
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Li K, Chen J, Sun W, Zhou H, Zhang Y, Yuan H, Hu A, Wang D, Zhang W. Coupling effect of DOM and microbe on arsenic speciation and bioavailability in tailings soil after the addition of different biologically stabilized sludges. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:132048. [PMID: 37453348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and microbes co-mediate the transformation of heavy metals in soil. However, few previous studies have investigated the effects of interaction between DOM and microbes on the transformation and bioavailability of heavy metals in tailings soil at the molecular level after the addition of organic wastes. This study used co-occurrence network analysis based on Fourier-transform ion cyclone resonance mass spectrometry and high-throughput sequencing to investigate the molecular mechanisms of different bio-stabilized sludge addition on arsenic fraction transformation and bioavailability in tailings soil. It was found that sludge amendments decreased the arsenic bioavailable fraction from 3.62% to 1.74% and 1.68% and promoted humification of DOM in soil. The extra inorganic salt ions introduced with sludge desorb the adsorbed As(V) into soil solution. Specifically, bio-stabilized sludge increased the contents of labile compounds that provided nutrients for microbial metabolism and shaped the microbial community composition into a more copiotrophic state, which increased the abundance of As(V)-reducing bacteria and then converted the As(V) into As(III) and precipitated as As2S3. This work innovatively explores the transformation mechanisms of As fractions through the perspectives of microbial community and DOM molecular characterization, providing an important basis for the remediation of As-contaminated soil using biosolids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Li
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Jun Chen
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjin Sun
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Yuan
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Aibin Hu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Dongsheng Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Yangtze Catchment Environmental Aquatic Science, School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China; National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Wastewater Detoxication and Resource Recovery, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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Hanus-Fajerska E, Kępka K, Kruszyna C, Kamińska I. Plant-Based Solutions for Non-Productive Sites Useful in the Management of Dry Land. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:537. [PMID: 36771621 PMCID: PMC9919829 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The article presents an overview of research conducted in recent years, i.e., from 2004 until now. The study has been prompted by the threat of drought over large land areas which, as a result of current climate change, may lead to desertification in dry and hot regions of the world. For the same reason, large areas of farmland are affected by drought stress. At the same time, rising air temperatures result in a significant intensification of evaporation and a gradual increase in soil salinity. This applies in particular to acres of farmland, forested areas, and green areas of cities, as well as degraded land or brownfields. As the crop stability is threatened, the food base of the world's population is at risk and, additionally, in areas of industrial districts, people's health is in decline. Due to these multistress conditions for plant growth, we propose a review of the current literature which addresses the possibility of counteracting these unfavorable phenomena through the appropriate selection of plant species and, when only applicable, also through specific agroecological treatments. A selection of herbaceous and woody plants useful for cultivation on saline marginal lands was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Hanus-Fajerska
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kępka
- PhD Candidates School, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - Cezary Kruszyna
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
- PhD Candidates School, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Kamińska
- Department of Botany, Physiology and Plant Protection, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425 Kraków, Poland
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Labudda M, Dziurka K, Fidler J, Gietler M, Rybarczyk-Płońska A, Nykiel M, Prabucka B, Morkunas I, Muszyńska E. The Alleviation of Metal Stress Nuisance for Plants—A Review of Promising Solutions in the Face of Environmental Challenges. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11192544. [PMID: 36235410 PMCID: PMC9571535 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Environmental changes are inevitable with time, but their intensification and diversification, occurring in the last several decades due to the combination of both natural and human-made causes, are really a matter of great apprehension. As a consequence, plants are exposed to a variety of abiotic stressors that contribute to their morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular alterations, which affects plant growth and development as well as the quality and productivity of crops. Thus, novel strategies are still being developed to meet the challenges of the modern world related to climate changes and natural ecosystem degradation. Innovative methods that have recently received special attention include eco-friendly, easily available, inexpensive, and, very often, plant-based methods. However, such approaches require better cognition and understanding of plant adaptations and acclimation mechanisms in response to adverse conditions. In this succinct review, we have highlighted defense mechanisms against external stimuli (mainly exposure to elevated levels of metal elements) which can be activated through permanent microevolutionary changes in metal-tolerant species or through exogenously applied priming agents that may ensure plant acclimation and thereby elevated stress resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Dziurka
- Department of Biotechnology, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239, Kraków, Poland
| | - Justyna Fidler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Gietler
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rybarczyk-Płońska
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Nykiel
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Prabucka
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Morkunas
- Department of Plant Physiology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wołyńska 35, 60-637 Poznań, Poland
| | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-59326-61
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Thouin H, Norini MP, Battaglia-Brunet F, Gautret P, Crampon M, Le Forestier L. Temporal evolution of surface and sub-surface geochemistry and microbial communities of Pb-rich mine tailings during phytostabilization: A one-year pilot-scale study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115538. [PMID: 35772273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Old mine waste repositories can present health and/or environmental issues linked to their erosion, inducing dissemination of metals and metalloids in air and water that can be attenuated through phytostabilization. Here, the effect of this widespread phytomanagement option on the biogeochemistry of a Pb-rich mine waste was evaluated with a laboratory pilot-scale experiment giving access to the non-saturated and saturated zones below the rhizosphere compartment. Amendment of the tailings surface with biochar, manure and iron-oxide-rich ochre promoted growth of the seeded Agrostis capillaris plants. These events were accompanied by an increase of pH and a decrease of Pb concentration in pore water of the surface layer, and by a transient increase of Pb, Zn, and Ba concentrations in the deeper saturated levels. Macroscopic and microscopic observations (SEM) suggest that Pb was immobilized in A. capillaris rhizosphere through mechanical entrapment of tailing particles. Microbial taxonomic and metabolic diversities increased in the amended phytostabilized surface levels, with a rise of the proportion of heterotrophic micro-organisms. Below the surface, a transient modification of microbial communities was observed in the non-saturated and saturated levels, however 11 months after seeding, the prokaryotic community of the deepest saturated zone was close to that of the initial tailings. pH and water saturation seemed to be the main parameters driving prokaryotic communities' structures. Results obtained at pilot-scale will help to precisely evaluate the impacts of phytostabilization on the temporal evolution of reactions driving the fate of pollutants inside the tailings dumps.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marie-Paule Norini
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071, Orléans, France; BRGM, BP 36009, 45060, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Fabienne Battaglia-Brunet
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071, Orléans, France; BRGM, BP 36009, 45060, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Pascale Gautret
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071, Orléans, France
| | | | - Lydie Le Forestier
- Université d'Orléans, CNRS, BRGM, ISTO, UMR 7327, 45071, Orléans, France
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Al-Lami MK, Oustriere N, Gonzales E, Burken JG. Phytomanagement of Pb/Zn/Cu tailings using biosolids-biochar or -humus combinations: Enhancement of bioenergy crop production, substrate functionality, and ecosystem services. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155676. [PMID: 35523335 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The extreme characteristics of mine tailings generally prohibit microbial processes and natural plant growth. Consequently, vast and numerous tailings sites remain barren for decades and highly susceptible to windblown dust and water erosion. Amendment-assisted phytostabilization is a cost-effective and ecologically productive approach to mitigate the potential transport of residual metals. Due to the contrasting and complementary characteristics of biosolids (BS) and biochar (BC), co-application might be more efficient than individually applied. Studies considering BS and BC co-application for multi-metal tailings revegetation are scarce. As tailings revegetation is a multidimensional issue, clearly notable demand exists for a study that provides a comprehensive understanding on the co-application impact on interrelated properties of physicochemical, biological, mineral nitrogen availability, metal immobilization, water-soil interactions, and impacts on plant cultivation and biomass production. This 8-month greenhouse study aimed at investigating the efficacy of co-application strategies targeting BS and carbon-rich amendments (BC or humic substances (HS)) to phytomanage a slightly alkaline Pb/Zn/Cu tailings with bioenergy crops (poplar, willow, and miscanthus). A complementary assessment linking revegetation effectiveness to ecosystem services (ES) provision was also included. Owing to their rich nutrient and organic matter contents, BS had the most pronounced influence on most of the measured properties including physicochemical, enzyme activities, NH4+-N and NO3--N availability, immobilization of Zn, Cu, and Cd, and biomass production. Co-applying with BC exhibited efficient nutrient release and was more effective than BS alone in reducing metal bioavailability and uptake particularly Pb. Poplar and willow exhibited more superior phytostabilization efficiency compared to miscanthus which caused acidification-induced metal mobilization, yet BC and BS co-application was effective in ameliorating this effect. Enhancement of ES and substrate quality index mirrored the positive effect of amendment co-application and plant cultivation. Co-applying HS with BS resulted in improved nutrient cycling while BC enhanced water purification and contamination control services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam K Al-Lami
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States of America.
| | - Nadège Oustriere
- Univ. Lille, Institut Mines-Télécom, Univ. Artois, JUNIA, ULR 4515 - LGCgE, Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement, F-59000 Lille, France; JUNIA, Health & Environment, Team Environment, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Eva Gonzales
- Department of Biology, Saint Louis Univ., Saint Louis, MO 63103, United States of America.
| | - Joel G Burken
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States of America.
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A Circular Economy Approach to Restoring Soil Substrate Ameliorated by Sewage Sludge with Amendments. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19095296. [PMID: 35564693 PMCID: PMC9103250 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the use of an artificial soil substrate in a mine waste reclamation area and its effect on plant metabolic functions. Research was conducted by determining the relationship between the plants’ biochemical features and the properties of plant growth medium derived from post-flotation coal waste, sewage sludge, crushed stone and fly ash on the surface of the mine waste disposal area. Trees and shrubs were established on the material and allowed to grow for eight years. The study determined that the applied plants and the naturally occurring Taraxacum officinale were suitable for physio-biochemical assessment, identification of derelict areas and reclamation purposes. An evaluation of a soil substrate applied to post-mining areas indicated that it was beneficial for plant growth since it activated the metabolic functions of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees. The study showed that soil substrate can be targeted to improve plant stress tolerance to potentially toxic elements (PTEs). These data suggest the potential for growth and slower susceptible response to Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn. It is possible that the constructed soil-substitute substrate (biosolid material) would be an effective reclamation treatment in areas where natural soil materials are polluted by PTEs. This observation may reflect a more efficient use of soil substrate released from the cycling of organic biogene pools, in accordance with the circular economy approach. In further studies related to land reclamation using sewage sludge amendments, it would be necessary to extend the research to other stress factors, such as salinity or water deficiency.
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Kalisz S, Kibort K, Mioduska J, Lieder M, Małachowska A. Waste management in the mining industry of metals ores, coal, oil and natural gas - A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 304:114239. [PMID: 34902687 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Waste generated due to mining activity poses a serious issue due to the large amounts generated, even up to 65 billion tons per year, and is often associated with the risk posed by its storage and environmental management. This work aims to review waste management in the mining industry of metals ores, coal, oil and natural gas. It includes an analysis and discussion on the possibilities for reuse of certain types of wastes generated from mining activity, and discusses the benefits, disadvantages and the impact of waste management on the environment. The article presents current methods of waste management arising during the extraction and processing of raw materials and the threats resulting from its application. Furthermore, the potential methods of mining waste management are discussed through an in-depth characterization of the properties and composition of various types of rocks. The presented work addresses not only the issues of more sustainable management of waste from the mining industry, but also responds to the current efforts to implement the assumptions of a circular economy, which is aimed at closing the loop. The methods of recycling by-products and treating waste as a resource more and more often not only meet environmental expectations, but also become a legal requirement. In this respect, the presented work can serve as a valuable support in decision-making about waste management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szymon Kalisz
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kibort
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Poland.
| | - Joanna Mioduska
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Poland.
| | - Marek Lieder
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Małachowska
- Gdańsk University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Process Engineering and Chemical Technology, Poland.
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Sarathchandra SS, Rengel Z, Solaiman ZM. Remediation of heavy metal-contaminated iron ore tailings by applying compost and growing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132573. [PMID: 34673039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Improper disposal of heavy metal-contaminated iron ore tailings poses a significant risk to the surrounding environments. Adding compost and growing ryegrass could be a cost-effective long-term solution for remediation of iron ore tailings. We conducted a glasshouse study to investigate the impact of compost amendment (0, 50, 75 and 100% w/w) on growth and accumulation of heavy metals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Ni and Zn) and As in shoots of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) grown in two iron ore tailings (Site A and Site B mines, Pilbara, Western Australia). Ryegrass was harvested 45 and 60 days after sowing. Site A iron ore tailings had total concentrations (mg kg-1) of Fe (449,000), Mn (6900), Zn (109), Co (16) and As (7.3). Site B mine tailings had total concentrations (mg kg-1) of Fe (457,000), Ni (21), Zn (109) and As (45). Both tailings had low cation exchange capacity, organic matter, air porosity and near-neutral pH, but varied in particle size distribution (Site A-clay loam and Site B-sandy loam). Ryegrass germination was higher in the extract of Site B than Site A tailings. Increasing compost-to-tailings ratio increased dry shoot biomass at 45 days. The heavy metal/metalloid concentrations in shoots significantly decreased with increasing compost-to-tailings ratio, except for Cu and Zn. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of heavy metals (metal concentration in shoot/total metal concentration in substrate) significantly decreased with an increasing proportion of compost in growth substrate. The BCF was >1 for Zn and Cu, and <1 for other heavy metals. A high concentration of organic matter in compost treatments likely contributed to the enhanced mobilisation of Cu and Zn for plant uptake. In contrast, compost stabilised other metals/metalloids in the tailings to decrease their uptake by ryegrass and maintain plant growth despite relatively high Mn, Fe, As and Pb concentrations in iron ore tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajeevee S Sarathchandra
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia; Spectrum Institute of Science and Technology, Kirimandala Mawatha, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Zed Rengel
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Zakaria M Solaiman
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, and The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
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Al-Lami MK, Nguyen D, Oustriere N, Burken JG. High throughput screening of native species for tailings eco-restoration using novel computer visualization for plant phenotyping. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 780:146490. [PMID: 34030344 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Historical hard-rock mine activities have resulted in nearly half a million mining-impacted sites scattered around the US. Compared to conventional remediation, (aided) phytostabilization is generally cost-effective and ecologically productive approach, particularly for large-scale sites. Native species act to maintain higher local biodiversity, providing a foundation for natural ecological succession. Due to heterogeneity of mine waste, revegetation strategies are inconsistent in approach, and to avoid failure scenarios, greenhouse screening studies can identify candidate plants and amendment strategies before scaling up. This greenhouse study aimed to concurrently screen a variety of native species for their potential to revegetate Cu/Pb/Zn mine tailings and develop a high throughput and non-destructive approach utilizing computer vision and image-based phenotyping technologies to quantify plant responses. A total number of 34 species were screened in this study, which included: 5 trees, 8 grasses, and 21 forbs and legumes. Most of the species tested were Missouri native and prairie species. Plants were non-destructively imaged, and 15 shape and color phenotypic attributes were extracted utilizing computer vision techniques of PlantCV. Compared to reference soil, all species tested were negatively impacted by the tailings' characteristics, with lowest tolerance generally observed in tree species. However, significant improvement in plant growth and tolerance generally observed with biosolids addition with biomass surpassing reference soil for most legumes. Accumulation of Cu, Pb, and Zn was below Domestic Animal Toxicity Limits in most species. Statistically robust differences in species responses were observed using phenotypic data, such as area, height, width, color, and 9 other morphological attributes. Correlations with destructive data indicated that area displayed the greatest positive correlation with biomass and color the greatest negative correlation with shoot metals. Computer visualization greatly increased the phenotypic data and offers a breakthrough in rapid, high throughput data collection to project site-specific phytostabilization strategies to efficiently restore mine-impacted sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam K Al-Lami
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States of America.
| | - Dane Nguyen
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States of America.
| | - Nadège Oustriere
- Laboratoire Génie Civil Et Géoenvironnement (LGCgE), Yncréa Hauts-De-France, Institut Supérieur Agriculture, 48 Boulevard Vauban, 59046 Lille Cedex, France.
| | - Joel G Burken
- Department of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, Missouri Univ. of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, United States of America.
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11
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The Use of Mining Waste Materials for the Treatment of Acid and Alkaline Mine Wastewater. MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min10121061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The mining of metal ores generates both liquid and solid wastes, which are increasingly important to manage. In this paper, an attempt was made to use waste rocks produced in the mining of zinc and lead to neutralizing acid mine drainage and alkaline flotation wastewater. Waste rock is a quartz-feldspar rock of hydrothermal origin. It is composed of, besides quartz and potassium feldspar (orthoclase), phyllosilicates (chlorite and mica), and sulfides (chiefly pyrite). To determine its physicochemical parameters and their variability, acid mine water and flotation wastewater were monitored for 12 months. Acid mine drainage (AMD) is characterized by a low pH (~3), high zinc concentration (~750 mg·L−1), and high sulfate content (~6800 mg·L−1). On the other hand, the determinations made for flotation wastewater showed, among others, a pH of approximately 12 and ca. 780 mg·L−1 of sulfates. AMD and flotation wastewater neutralization by the waste rock was shown to be possible and efficient. However, in both cases, the final solution contained elevated concentrations of metals and sulfates. Premixing AMD with alkaline flotation wastewater in the first step and then neutralizing the obtained mixture with the waste rock was considered the best solution. The produced solution had a circumneutral pH. However, the obtained solution does not meet the legislative requirements but could be further treated by, for example, passive treatment systems. It is noteworthy that the proposed approach is low cost and does not require any chemical reagents.
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Wang G, Zhao W, Yuan Y, Morel JL, Chi H, Feng W, Wang S, Zhang J, Feng Z, Tan H, Chen D, Ding W, Liu C, Qiu R. Mobility of metal(loid)s in Pb/Zn tailings under different revegetation strategies. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2020; 263:110323. [PMID: 32174515 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal tailings are potential sources of strong environmental pollution. In situ remediation involves the installation of a plant cover to stabilize materials and pollutants. Whether metal(loid)s are effectively immobilized in remediated tailing ponds submitted to heavy rainfall remains uncertain. In this study, tailing materials were collected from bare tailings (control), grass-planted (G) and grass-shrub planted (GS) areas on a former Pb/Zn mine site. Batch column experiments were performed with three rainfall intensities of 0.36, 0.48, and 0.50 mL min-1 for 18 d in the lab. The pH, Eh, Cd, Pb, Zn and As concentration in leachate were recorded. Selected leached tailing materials were finally characterized. Results showed that leachates from control were strongly acidic (pH 3.11-4.65), and that Cd, Pb, Zn and As were quickly released at high rate (e.g., 945 mg L-1 Zn). During the experiment up to 4% Cd present in the material was released and almost 1% Zn. With material collected from the G area, leachates were even more acidic (2.16-2.84) with a rainfall intensity of 0.50 mL min-1 and exhibited a high redox potential (588-639 mV). However, concentrations of metals in leachates were much lower than that in the control, except for Zn (e.g., 433 mg L-1), and they tended to decrease with time. Cumulative leaching rate was still relatively high (e.g., 0.68% Cd; 0.75% Zn) during the first eight days (stage I). However, with the GS treatment, leachate pH gradually raised from acid to alkaline values (3.9-8.2) during stage I, then remained high until the end of the experiment (stage II). Also, amounts of elements released during the 18 d were low in general. The releasing ratios of Cd (R2 > 0.95), Pb (R2 > 0.95), As (R2 > 0.87), and Zn (R2 > 0.90) fitted well with a two-constant model. In conclusion, under subtropical climate with heavy rainfall, phytostabilization is effective but immobilization of metals is higher with a combination of grass and shrub than with only grass to reduce leaching of As and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guobao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wanying Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yongqiang Yuan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jean Louis Morel
- Laboratoire Sols et Environnement, UMR 1120, Université de Lorraine, INRAE, 54518, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - Haochun Chi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenling Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shizhong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jianxiang Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zekai Feng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haoran Tan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Daijie Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Wenge Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Remediation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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Tailings microbial community profile and prediction of its functionality in basins of tungsten mine. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19596. [PMID: 31862994 PMCID: PMC6925229 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55706-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In a circular economy concept, where more than 300 million tons of mining and quarrying wastes are produced annually, those are valuable resources, supplying metals that are extracted today by other processes, if innovative methods and processes for efficient extraction of these elements are applied. This work aims to assess microbiological and chemical spatial distribution within two tailing basins from a tungsten mine, using a MiSeq approach targeting the 16S rRNA gene, to relate microbial composition and function with chemical variability, thus, providing information to enhance the efficiency of the exploitation of these secondary sources. The tailings sediments core microbiome comprised members of family Anaerolineacea and genera Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Cellulomonas, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and Rothia, despite marked differences in tailings physicochemical properties. The higher contents of Al and K shaped the community of Basin 1, while As-S-Fe contents were correlated with the microbiome composition of Basin 2. The predicted metabolic functions of the microbiome were rich in genes related to metabolism pathways and environmental information processing pathways. An in-depth understanding of the tailings microbiome and its metabolic capabilities can provide a direction for the management of tailings disposal sites and maximize their potential as secondary resources.
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Constantinescu P, Neagoe A, Nicoară A, Grawunder A, Ion S, Onete M, Iordache V. Implications of spatial heterogeneity of tailing material and time scale of vegetation growth processes for the design of phytostabilisation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 692:1057-1069. [PMID: 31539938 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytostabilisation projects for tailing dams depend on processes occurring at spatial scales of 106 m2 and at decadal time scales. Most experiments supporting the design and monitoring of such projects have much smaller spatial and time scales. Usually, they are only designed for one single scale. Here, we report the results of three coupled experiments performed at pot, lysimeter and field plot scales using six sampling periodstimes from 3 to 20 months. The work explicitly accounts for the sampling times when evaluating the effects of amendments on the performance of plants grown in tailing substrates. Two treatments with potentially complementary roles were applied: zeolites to decrease availability of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn and green fertilizer to increase the availability of nutrients. Zeolites have a positive influence on plant development, especially in the early stages. Analyses of the pooled datasets for all sampling times revealed the possibility of predicting plant physiological variables, such as protein concentrations, pigments and oxidative stress enzyme activities, as a function of the factors extracted by principal component analysis from the metal concentrations in plants, phosphorus concentrations in plants, and sampling times. Two potentially general methodological rules were extracted: account for the spatial geochemical variability of tailings, and cover the broadest possible range of time scales by experiments. The proposed experimental methodology can be of general use for the design of tailing dam remediation technologies with improvements involving the set of measured variables and sampling frequency and by carefully relating the costs to the institutional aspects of tailing dam management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Constantinescu
- Research Centre for Ecological Services (CESEC), University of Bucharest, Aleea Portocalelor no. 1-3, 060101, Romania
| | - Aurora Neagoe
- Research Centre for Ecological Services (CESEC), University of Bucharest, Aleea Portocalelor no. 1-3, 060101, Romania
| | - Andrei Nicoară
- Research Centre for Ecological Services (CESEC), University of Bucharest, Aleea Portocalelor no. 1-3, 060101, Romania
| | - Anja Grawunder
- Institute of Geosciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Burgweg 11, 07749 Jena, Germany.
| | - Stelian Ion
- "Gheorghe Mihoc - Caius Iacob" Institute of Statistical Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Romanian Academy, Calea 13 Septembrie no. 13, 050711 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marilena Onete
- Bucharest Institute of Biology, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei no. 296, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Virgil Iordache
- Research Centre for Ecological Services (CESEC), University of Bucharest, Aleea Portocalelor no. 1-3, 060101, Romania.
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15
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Corroto C, Iriel A, Cirelli AF, Carrera ALP. Constructed wetlands as an alternative for arsenic removal from reverse osmosis effluent. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 691:1242-1250. [PMID: 31466204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In Argentina, drinking water for c.a. 10% of the population has arsenic (As) concentrations higher than those recommended by WHO (10 μg L-1). Reverse osmosis (RO) appears as an immediate and effective solution for As remediation. However, this process has a residual flow known as "rejection" or "concentrate" where dissolved species are more concentrated than in the feed flow. In this study, phytoremediation with subsurface horizontal-flow constructed wetlands (CW) was proposed to reduce As concentration in the RO residues. Experiments were carried out during 419 days at room temperature and using a continuous regime (flow of 36 L d-1, As concentration around 85 μg L-1) of RO rejection from a water treatment plant located in Buenos Aires province, Argentina. The study was performed using prototypes planted with Cyperus haspan (PA), Juncus effusus (PB) and a mix of inert gravel and laterite (substrate) that was used as a control (PC). Results showed that after a stabilization time, As removal (%) was between 30% and 80% in the CW planted with J. effusus and between 10 and 40% with C. haspan. As concentration along CW showed similarities between the prototypes PC and PA. The cumulative mass of As was 62%, 34% and 27% for PA, PB and PC, respectively. The contribution of C. haspan and J. effusus during the experimental time was between 12 and 67% and 22 to 87%, respectively. The bioaccumulation and translocation factors indicated that for J. effusus the accumulation is more important than the translocation process (1.6 and 0.2, respectively), while for C. haspan both factors were similar (1.1 and 1.0, respectively). Results suggested that this technology has the potential for an efficient and environmentally sustainable alternative to RO rejection treatment and disposal regarding As concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Corroto
- Agua y Saneamientos Argentinos S.A. (AySA S.A.), Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua (CETA - UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Iriel
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua (CETA - UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA - CONICET), Argentina.
| | - A Fernández Cirelli
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua (CETA - UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA - CONICET), Argentina
| | - A L Pérez Carrera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Centro de Estudios Transdisciplinarios del Agua (CETA - UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Investigaciones en Producción Animal (INPA - CONICET), Argentina
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Zhang Q, Zhan J, Yu H, Li T, Zhang X, Huang H, Zhang Y. Lead accumulation and soil microbial activity in the rhizosphere of the mining and non-mining ecotypes of Athyrium wardii (Hook.) Makino in adaptation to lead-contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:32957-32966. [PMID: 31512134 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-06395-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Better understanding of microbial activity in the rhizosphere soils associated with lead (Pb) uptake by plants may help with the phytoremediation of Pb-contaminated soils. In this work, the effects of Pb exposure (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg kg-1) on Pb accumulation and soil microbial activity in the rhizosphere of the mining ecotype (ME) and corresponding non-mining ecotype (NME) of Athyrium wardii (Hook.) Makino were investigated through a pot experiment. Although the plant growth of the two ecotypes was inhibited under Pb stress, the ME showed a less biomass decrease (12.6-44.0%) for aboveground than the NME, showing a greater tolerance to Pb stress. Pb concentrations as well as Pb accumulation in the two ecotypes showed an increasing trend with increasing soil Pb concentrations. The ME presented greater Pb accumulation ability than the NME, especially in underground parts. Pb availability in the rhizosphere soils of the two ecotypes after harvest decreased compared with those before transplantation. Available Pb in the rhizosphere of the ME was 1.4-4.8 times higher than that of the NME under exposure to 200-800 mg kg-1 Pb. The ME shows a greater ability to mobilize Pb in the rhizosphere soils. Pb exposure resulted in an inhibition of microbial activity in the rhizosphere of the two ecotypes. The ME demonstrated greater soil respiration and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) in the rhizosphere than the NME when treated with 200-800 mg kg-1 Pb. The ME showed a less decrease for MBC and a less increase for metabolic quotient in the rhizosphere soils than the NME when exposed to Pb generally. Microorganisms in the rhizosphere soils of the ME seem to be much more adapted to Pb stress, thus showing a great benefit for Pb accumulation and the phytostabilization of Pb-contaminated soils by the ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpei Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Juan Zhan
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xizhou Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Huagang Huang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunhong Zhang
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
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Muszyńska E, Labudda M, Kamińska I, Górecka M, Bederska-Błaszczyk M. Evaluation of heavy metal-induced responses in Silene vulgaris ecotypes. PROTOPLASMA 2019; 256:1279-1297. [PMID: 31044286 PMCID: PMC6713691 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-019-01384-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Silene vulgaris is a pseudometallophyte that spontaneously occurs in various ecological niches. Therefore, three ecotypes of this species representing calamine (CAL), serpentine (SER), and non-metallicolous (NM) populations were investigated in this study. Owing to the presence of Pb or Ni ions in natural habitats from metallicolous populations originated, we used these metals as model stressors to determine the survival strategy of tested ecotypes and analyze metal distribution at various levels of organism organization. We focused on growth tolerance, non-enzymatic antioxidants, and photosynthetic apparatus efficiency as well as anatomical and ultrastructural changes occurred in contrasting ecotypes exposed in vitro to excess amounts of Pb2+ and Ni2+. Although Ni application contributed to shoot culture death, the study revealed that the mechanisms of Pb detoxification differed between ecotypes. The unspecific reaction of both metallicolous specimens relied on the formation of effective mechanical barrier against toxic ion penetration, while the Pb appearance in the protoplasts led to the activation of ecotype-specific intracellular defense mechanisms. Hence, the response of CAL and SER ecotypes was almost unchanged under Pb treatment, whereas the reaction of NM one resulted in growth disturbances and physiological alternations. Moreover, both metallicolous ecotypes exhibited increase generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves, even before the harmful ions got into these parts of plants. It may implicate the potential role of ROS in CAL and SER adaptation to heavy metals and, for the first time, indicate on integral function of ROS as signaling molecules in metal-tolerant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Kamińska
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, Al. 29-Listopada 54, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mirosława Górecka
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Bederska-Błaszczyk
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
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Muszyńska E, Labudda M, Różańska E, Hanus-Fajerska E, Koszelnik-Leszek A. Structural, physiological and genetic diversification of Silene vulgaris ecotypes from heavy metal-contaminated areas and their synchronous in vitro cultivation. PLANTA 2019; 249:1761-1778. [PMID: 30826883 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Results provide significant comparison of leaf anatomy, pigment content, antioxidant response and phenolic profile between individuals from miscellaneous populations and describe unified cultivation protocols for further research on stress biology. The plant communities growing on heavy metal-polluted areas have attracted considerable attention due to their unique ability to tolerate enormous amounts of toxic ions. Three ecotypes of Silene vulgaris representing calamine (CAL), serpentine (SER) and non-metallicolous (NM) populations were evaluated to reveal specific adaptation traits to harsh environment. CAL leaves presented a distinct anatomical pattern compared to leaves of SER and NM plants, pointing to their xeromorphic adaptation. These differences were accompanied by divergent accumulation and composition of photosynthetic pigments as well as antioxidant enzyme activity. In CAL ecotype, the mechanism of reactive oxygen species scavenging is based on the joint action of superoxide dismutase and catalase, but in SER ecotype on superoxide dismutase and guaiacol-type peroxidase. On the contrary, the concentration of phenylpropanoids and flavonols in the ecotypes was unchanged, implying the existence of similar pathways of their synthesis/degradation functioning in CAL and SER populations. The tested specimens showed genetic variation (atpA/MspI marker). Based on diversification of S. vulgaris populations, we focused on the elaboration of similar in vitro conditions for synchronous cultivation of various ecotypes. The most balanced shoot culture growth was obtained on MS medium containing 0.1 mg l-1 NAA and 0.25 mg l-1 BA, while the most abundant callogenesis was observed on MS medium enriched with 0.5 mg l-1 NAA and 5.0 mg l-1 BA. For the first time, unified in vitro protocols were described for metallophytes providing the opportunity to conduct basic and applied research on stress biology and tolerance mechanisms under freely controlled conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw, University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mateusz Labudda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Różańska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw, University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Hanus-Fajerska
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Koszelnik-Leszek
- Department of Botany and Plant Ecology, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 25, 50-375, Wrocław, Poland
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Sun W, Ji B, Khoso SA, Tang H, Liu R, Wang L, Hu Y. An extensive review on restoration technologies for mining tailings. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:33911-33925. [PMID: 30324370 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3423-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of mineral resources and the increasing mining waste emissions have created a series of environmental and health-related issues. Nowadays, the ecological restoration of mining tailings has become one of the urgent tasks for mine workers and environmental engineers all over the world. Aim of the present paper is to highlight the previous restoration techniques and the challenges encountered during the restoration of mine tailings. As it is a common practice that, before restoring of tailings, the site should be evaluated carefully. Studies showed that the mine tailings' adverse properties, including excessive heavy metal concentration, acidification, improper pH value, salinization and alkalization, poor physical structure and inadequate nutrition, etc., are the major challenges of their restoration. Generally, four restoration technologies, including physical, chemical, phytoremediation, and bioremediation, are used to restore the mining tailings. The working mechanism, advantages, and disadvantages of these techniques are described in detail. In addition, selection of the suitable restoration techniques can largely be carried out by considering both the economic factors and time required. Furthermore, the ecosystem restoration is perceived to be a more promising technology for mine tailings. Therefore, this extensive review can act as a valuable reference for the researchers involved in mine tailing restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Sun
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Ji
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Sultan Ahmed Khoso
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Honghu Tang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Runqing Liu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuehua Hu
- School of Minerals Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, People's Republic of China
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Chen T, Lei C, Yan B, Li LL, Xu DM, Ying GG. Spatial distribution and environmental implications of heavy metals in typical lead (Pb)-zinc (Zn) mine tailings impoundments in Guangdong Province, South China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:36702-36711. [PMID: 30377971 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3493-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution from mining tailings has become a serious concern in China. Here, we quantitatively evaluated the accumulation status and environmental risk of the tailings impoundments located in a typical Pb-Zn mining area in Guangdong Province, South China. The distributional characteristics of the heavy metals in the tailings impoundment area were analyzed. The results showed that the spatial distributions of the heavy metals contained in the tailings were dependent on the geochemical characteristics of the mine tailings rather than on their diversified profile depths. Furthermore, the risk assessment of the heavy metal pollution in the soils surrounding the tailings impoundment showed that the comprehensive Nemerow pollution index (NPI) of the tested surface soil samples was higher than 3.0; thus, these values were much greater than those of the deep soil. Meanwhile, multivariate statistical analysis revealed that the heavy metals contained in the surrounding soils, such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, As, and Tl, experienced similar geochemical processes. The analysis of drainage water samples indicated that surface runoff from the tailings impoundment was the main route for the migration of heavy metals. Moreover, the alkaline substances would be consumed by the acid that is continuously generated in the tailings pond, and this increases the risk of heavy metals migrating from the tailings impoundment area. Lastly, resource analysis and process mineralogy analysis showed that the tailings had a high recovery value, and the recovery of tailings would completely eliminate the environmental risks posed by the tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chang Lei
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan, 512005, China
| | - Bo Yan
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li-Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Mao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Guo Ying
- The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
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Hbaieb R, Soubrand M, Joussein E, Medhioub M, Casellas M, Gady C, Saladin G. Assisted phytostabilisation of As, Pb and Sb-contaminated Technosols with mineral and organic amendments using Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:32292-32302. [PMID: 30229483 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3213-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation of metal(loid)s by conifers is not widely studied, although conifers may be interesting, particularly in temperate-cold areas and/or on acidic soils. In this study, seeds of Douglas fir were sown in greenhouse and cultivated for 3 months on two Technosols highly contaminated with different concentrations of Pb, As and Sb and collected in two French old former mines located in massif Central or close to it: a mine of gold at La Petite Faye and a mine of lead and silver at Pontgibaud. Two amendments, a nutrient solution (NS) and composted sewage sludge (CSS), were tested in order to stimulate Douglas fir growth and to reduce the metal(loid)s mobility and phytoavailability. The speciation determined by sequential extractions as well as mineralogy highlight different geochemical behaviours of Pb, As and Sb as a function of the Technosol. In all cases, CSS amendments significantly reduced Pb phytoavailability as well as the uptake and translocation of Pb and As. Moreover, CSS stimulated the growth of Douglas firs highlighting that this amendment could be a good strategy for a better phytostabilisation of these metal(loid)s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Hbaieb
- Laboratoire PEREINE, EA 7500, Université de Limoges, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
- Faculté des Sciences, EGECU, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Marilyne Soubrand
- Laboratoire PEREINE, EA 7500, Université de Limoges, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France.
| | - Emmanuel Joussein
- Laboratoire PEREINE, EA 7500, Université de Limoges, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Mounir Medhioub
- Faculté des Sciences, EGECU, Université de Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Magali Casellas
- Laboratoire PEREINE, EA 7500, Université de Limoges, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Christelle Gady
- Laboratoire PEREINE, EA 7500, Université de Limoges, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Gaëlle Saladin
- Laboratoire PEREINE, EA 7500, Université de Limoges, 123 avenue Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
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Zhan J, Li T, Yu H, Zhang X. Cd and Pb accumulation characteristics of phytostabilizer Athyrium wardii (Hook.) grown in soils contaminated with Cd and Pb. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:29026-29037. [PMID: 30109689 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between heavy metals in soil could affect soil heavy metal availability and plant uptake. Thus, in this study, Cd and Pb accumulation as well as plant growth of the mining ecotype (ME) and non-mining ecotype (NME) of Athyrium wardii (Hook.) in response to the exposure of Cd and Pb was investigated by a pot experiment. Although the exposure of Cd in combination with Pb further inhibited the growth of the two ecotypes in comparison with the exposure of single Cd or Pb, the ME presented lower biomass decline for the whole plant (22.0%-70.0%) than the NME among most treatments. The presence of Pb promoted Cd accumulation both in above-ground and under-ground parts of the ME. Cd concentrations in under-ground parts of the ME decreased when exposed to higher concentrations of Pb (> 600 mg kg-1). Meanwhile, the presence of Cd inhibited Pb accumulation in above-ground parts of the ME and promoted Pb accumulation in under-ground parts of the ME. Pb concentrations in under-ground parts of the ME decreased when soil Cd concentrations were more than 25 mg kg-1. The partial correlation analysis further demonstrated that the interactions between Cd and Pb stimulated Cd accumulation both in above-ground and under-ground parts of the ME and Pb accumulation in under-ground parts of the ME, while inhibited Pb accumulation in above-ground parts of the ME, showing great benefit for Pb phytostabilization by the ME. Among treatments, the bioaccumulation coefficients for Cd and Pb of the ME, varying from 2.71-31.05 and 20.09-78.06, were much higher than those of the NME. The translocation factors for Cd and Pb of the ME, varying from 0.26-0.52 and 0.01-0.10, were lower than those of the NME. These results indicate that the ME presented greater potential for the phytostabilization of soil contamination with Cd and Pb, especially for Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tingxuan Li
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211 Huimin Road, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Piwowarczyk B, Tokarz K, Muszyńska E, Makowski W, Jędrzejczyk R, Gajewski Z, Hanus-Fajerska E. The acclimatization strategies of kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) to Pb toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19739-19752. [PMID: 29736650 PMCID: PMC6061510 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Kidney vetch (Anthyllis vulneraria L.) is a well-known Zn hyperaccumulator. Zn often occurs with Pb in one ore; thus, plants inhabiting waste dumps are exposed not only to Zn but also to Pb toxicity. While the response of kidney vetch to Zn toxicity is relatively well known, the Pb survival strategy of Anthyllis vulneraria has not been the subject of investigations. The aim of presented research was to determine the survival strategy of kidney vetch exposed to high lead concentrations. Shoot explants of a calamine kidney vetch ecotype were placed on agar media containing 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM Pb. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses, in particular photosynthetic apparatus of plantlets, were examined. The most pronounced changes were observed in plants grown on media supplemented with 1.5 mM Pb after 8 weeks of culture. Increased dry weight and high lead accumulation were observed in roots. Similarly, in shoots, increased dry weight and a decreased number of newly formed shoots were recorded. The accumulation of lead was many times lower in shoots than in roots. In leaf cells' ultra-structure, looser arrangement of chloroplast thylakoid grana was observed. Despite the decrease in chlorophyll a and carotenoid content, the photosynthetic apparatus remained efficient due to the lack of photoinhibition and increased electron transport rate beyond photosystem II (PSII). For the first time, an acclimatization mechanism based on maintaining the high efficiency of photosynthetic apparatus resulting from increasing of electron transport rate was described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Piwowarczyk
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Tokarz
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Ewa Muszyńska
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 159/37, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Makowski
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Roman Jędrzejczyk
- Bioremediation Department, Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7A, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Gajewski
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Hanus-Fajerska
- Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Al. 29 Listopada 54, 31-425, Kraków, Poland
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Muszyńska E, Hanus-Fajerska E, Ciarkowska K. Studies on lead and cadmium toxicity in Dianthus carthusianorum calamine ecotype cultivated in vitro. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2018; 20:474-482. [PMID: 29450951 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Information on metallophytes during reclamation of land contaminated with heavy metals is sparse. We investigated the response of D. carthusianorum calamine ecotype to Pb and Cd stress. We focused on in vitro selection of tolerant plant material for direct use in chemically degraded areas. Shoot cultures were treated with various concentrations of Pb or Cd ions. Plantlet status was estimated as micropropagation efficiency, growth tolerance index (GTI) and through physiological analysis. Moreover, determination of plant Pb, Cd and other elements was performed. The application of Pb(NO3 )2 resulted in stronger growth inhibition than application of CdCl2 . In the presence of Pb ions, a reduction was observed of both, the micropropagation coefficient to 1.1-1.8 and the GTI to 48%. In contrast, Cd ions had a positive influence on tested cultures, expressed as an increase of GTI up to 243% on medium enriched with 1.0 μm CdCl2 . Moreover, photosynthetic pigment content in shoots cultivated on media with CdCl2 was higher than in control treatment. The adaptation to Cd was associated with decreased accumulation of phenols in the order: 0.0 μm > 1.0 μm > 3.0 μm > 5.5 μm CdCl2 . It seems that high tolerance to Cd is related to K uptake, which is involved in antioxidant defence. This work presents an innovative approach to the impact of Cd ions on plant growth and suggests a potential biological role of this metal in species from metalliferous areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Muszyńska
- Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Department of Botany, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Hanus-Fajerska
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
| | - K Ciarkowska
- Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Institute of Soil Science and Agrophysics, Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, University of Agriculture, Krakow, Poland
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Muszyńska E, Hanus-Fajerska E, Piwowarczyk B, Augustynowicz J, Ciarkowska K, Czech T. From laboratory to field studies - The assessment of Biscutella laevigata suitability to biological reclamation of areas contaminated with lead and cadmium. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:266-273. [PMID: 28432885 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the work was to evaluate the usefulness of the in vitro multiplication of Biscutella laevigata calamine ecotype for in situ reclamation of post-flotation wastes polluted with Pb and Cd. The experiment was conducted on three steps: (i) plant shoots' production under in vitro condition, (ii) establishment of the material in greenhouse experiment, and finally (iii) field cultivation directly on the mining-waste heap of Olkusz Ore-Bearing Region, Poland. This region is known to be one of the most chemically-degraded area in central Europe. The laboratory-set in vitro analysis enabled to obtain the high-quality plant shoots, which multiply the most effectively (with growth tolerance index 130-150%) on medium containing 5.0μM CdCl2 and 0.5mM Pb(NO3)2. These plants were used for the next two ex vitro experiments. Several biometric and physiological analysis (i.e. of photosystem II activity Fv/Fm and PI, photosynthetic pigment contents) were done to indicate plant physiological status during these experiments. The main novelty of the work was to prove that in vitro-multiplied shoots of B. laevigata - the representative of native flora from Olkusz Ore-Bearing Region - can be successfully implemented in situ for the restoration of these degraded area. Moreover, the addition of sewage sludge as a source of organic compounds significantly improved plants' growth and development what is especially important due to the lack of other legal solutions for the management of the sewage sludge in some countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Muszyńska
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Department of Botany, Nowoursynowska 159, Building 37, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Hanus-Fajerska
- University of Agriculture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Al. 29-Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Barbara Piwowarczyk
- University of Agriculture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Al. 29-Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Augustynowicz
- University of Agriculture, Faculty of Biotechnology and Horticulture, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Unit of Botany and Plant Physiology, Al. 29-Listopada 54, 31-425 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krystyna Ciarkowska
- University of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Institute of Soil Science and Agrophysics, Department of Soil Science and Soil Protection, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tomasz Czech
- University of Agriculture, Center for Technology Transfer, Al. Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Krakow, Poland
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