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Sachan P, Hussain A, Madan S, Singh U, Priyadarshi M. Phenol biodegradation using bio-filter tower packed column with immobilized bacterial consortium: a batch test study. Biodegradation 2024; 35:739-753. [PMID: 38530489 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-024-10074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The effluents from pulp and paper manufacturing industries contain high concentrations of phenol, which when discharged directly into surface water streams, increases the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In this study, two dominant bacteria SP-4 and SP-8 were isolated from the effluent emanating with a pulp and paper industry. The selected phenol-degrading isolates were identified as Staphylococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sciuri respectively by using nucleotide sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis of 16 S rRNA regions of the genome. The two isolates used for the biodegradation process effectively degraded phenol concentration of pulp and paper industry effluent upto 1600 and 1800 mg/L resepctively. The individual isolates and consortium were immobilized using activated carbon, wood dust, and coal ash. Additionally, the effluent was treated using a bio-filter tower packed column immobilized with bacterial cells at a constant flow rate of 5 mL/min. The present study showed that the developed immobilized microbial consortium can effectively degrade 99% of the phenol present in pulp and paper industry effluents, resulting in a significant reduction in BOD and COD of the system. This study can be well implemented on real-scale systems as the bio-filter towers packed with immobilized bacterial consortium can effectively treat phenol concentrations up to 1800 mg/L. The study can be implemented for bioremediation processes in phenolic wastewater-contaminated sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Sachan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Haridwar, 249404, India
| | - Athar Hussain
- Department of Civil Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, West Campus, Jaffarpur, New Delhi, 110073, India.
| | - Sangeeta Madan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Gurukul Kangri University, Kanya Gurukul Campus, Haridwar, 249404, India
| | - Utkarsh Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Baba Farid Institute of Technology, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Manjeeta Priyadarshi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Netaji Subhas University of Technology, West Campus, Jaffarpur, New Delhi, 110073, India
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Sui X, Wang J, Zhao Z, Liu B, Liu M, Liu M, Shi C, Feng X, Fu Y, Shi D, Li S, Qi Q, Xian M, Zhao G. Phenolic compounds induce ferroptosis-like death by promoting hydroxyl radical generation in the Fenton reaction. Commun Biol 2024; 7:199. [PMID: 38368473 PMCID: PMC10874397 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Phenolic compounds are industrially versatile chemicals, also the most ubiquitous pollutants. Recently, biosynthesis and biodegradation of phenols has attracted increasing attention, while phenols' toxicity is a major issue. Here, we evolved phloroglucinol-tolerant Escherichia coli strains via adaptive evolution, and three mutations (ΔsodB, ΔclpX and fetAB overexpression) prove of great assistance in the tolerance improvement. We discover that phloroglucinol complexes with iron and promotes the generation of hydroxyl radicals in Fenton reaction, which leads to reducing power depletion, lipid peroxidation, and ferroptosis-like cell death of E. coli. Besides phloroglucinol, various phenols can trigger ferroptosis-like death in diverse organisms, from bacteria to mammalian cells. Furthermore, repressing this ferroptosis-like death improves phloroglucinol production and phenol degradation by corresponding strains respectively, showing great application potential in microbial degradation or production of desired phenolic compounds, and phloroglucinol-induced ferroptosis suppresses tumor growth in mice, indicating phloroglucinol as a promising drug for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jichao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- TEDA Institute of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinjun Feng
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingxin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dayong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shengying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingsheng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China.
- CAS Key Lab of Biobased Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Zhou X, Liang M, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Liang J. Sustained degradation of phenol under extreme conditions by polyurethane-based Bacillus sp. ZWB3. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 88:1194-1206. [PMID: 37771222 PMCID: wst_2023_259 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Phenol is a serious pollutant to the environment, therefore, it is urgent to find a rapid and effective method for its removal. In this study, Bacillus cereus ZWB3 immobilized on a polyurethane (PUF) carrier was studied. The PUF-ZWB3 required only 20 h for the degradation of 1,500 mg L-1 of phenol, shortened by 8 h than the free bacteria. In addition, the PUF-ZWB3 could increase the degradation concentration of phenol from 1,500 to 2,000 mg L-1, and the complete degradation of 2,000 mg L-1 phenol only used 44 h. In addition, the PUF-ZWB3 showed much higher removal of phenol than the free bacteria at different pH values, salt concentrations, and heavy metal ions. Particularly, the PUF-ZWB3 could still completely remove phenol in a strongly alkaline environment, such as pH 10 and 11. In addition, the removal efficiency of phenol by PUF-ZWB3 was still 100% after 10 cycles. This study showed that the PUF immobilization system had great potential in the field of remediation of organic pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Zhou
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China E-mail:
| | - Mingzhao Liang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yujing Zheng
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jianfeng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Liang
- College of Life Science, Engineering Research Center of the Chinese Ministry of Education for Bioreactor and Pharmaceutical Development, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Asimakoula S, Marinakos O, Tsagogiannis E, Koukkou AI. Phenol Degradation by Pseudarthrobacter phenanthrenivorans Sphe3. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11020524. [PMID: 36838489 PMCID: PMC9966258 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenol poses a threat as one of the most important industrial environmental pollutants that must be removed before disposal. Biodegradation is a cost-effective and environmentally friendly approach for phenol removal. This work aimed at studying phenol degradation by Pseudarthrobacter phenanthrenivorans Sphe3 cells and also, investigating the pathway used by the bacterium for phenol catabolism. Moreover, alginate-immobilized Sphe3 cells were studied in terms of phenol degradation efficiency compared to free cells. Sphe3 was found to be capable of growing in the presence of phenol as the sole source of carbon and energy, at concentrations up to 1500 mg/L. According to qPCR findings, both pathways of ortho- and meta-cleavage of catechol are active, however, enzymatic assays and intermediate products identification support the predominance of the ortho-metabolic pathway for phenol degradation. Alginate-entrapped Sphe3 cells completely degraded 1000 mg/L phenol after 192 h, even though phenol catabolism proceeds slower in the first 24 h compared to free cells. Immobilized Sphe3 cells retain phenol-degrading capacity even after 30 days of storage and also can be reused for at least five cycles retaining more than 75% of the original phenol-catabolizing capacity.
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Alam SA, Saha P. Biodegradation of p-nitrophenol by a member of the genus Brachybacterium, isolated from the river Ganges. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:213. [PMID: 35959168 PMCID: PMC9357598 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A p-nitrophenol (PNP) degrading halotolerant, Gram-variable bacterial strain designated as DNPG3, was isolated from a water sample collected from the river Ganges in Hooghly, West Bengal (WB), India, by enrichment culture technique. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis (carried out at EzTaxon server and Ribosomal data base project site), the strain DNPG3 was identified as Brachybacterium sp., with B. zhongshanense strain JBT (97.08% identity) as it is nearest phylogenetic relative. The strain could tolerate up to 3 mM of PNP, while the optimal growth for the strain was recorded as 0.25 mM. The strain could carry out biodegradation of PNP with concomitant release of nitrite and p-benzoquinone (PBQ) was detected as a hydrolysis product. Under the catabolic condition, it could carry out 36% biodegradation of PNP within 144 h, while, under co-metabolic condition (with glucose), 100% biodegradation was achieved within 48 h at 30 °C. Calcium alginate bead-based cell immobilization studies (of the strain DNPG3) indicated complete biodegradation of PNP (under catabolic condition) within 26 h. This is the first report of PNP biodegradation by any representative strain of the genus Brachybacterium. The study definitely indicated that Brachybacterium sp. strain DNPG3 has biotechnological potential and the strain may be a suitable candidate for developing clean, green, eco-friendly, cost-effective bioremediation processes towards effective removal of PNP from the contaminated sites. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-022-03263-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sk Aftabul Alam
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104 India
| | - Pradipta Saha
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Burdwan, Golapbag, Burdwan, West Bengal 713104 India
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Ekpe OD, Choo G, Choi Y, Jeon J, Oh JE. Long-term degradation of toluene and phenol in soil: Identification of transformation products and pathways via HRMS-based suspect and non-target screening. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 430:128429. [PMID: 35739654 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the long-term fate of toluene and phenol in the soil was investigated, and the transformation products (TPs) and pathways of these compounds were studied by a high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based suspect and non-target screening approach for the first time, and 9 and 12 transformation products were identified for toluene and phenol, respectively in the lab-exposed soil samples. Salicylaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and benzaldehyde were identified in toluene-contaminated field soil samples for the first time, and the main mechanisms involved in the biodegradation and detoxification of toluene and phenol in soil were oxidation, carboxylation, dehydroxylation, and ring fission amongst others. 2-oxoglutarate, TP165-A, TP165-B, TP172, and TP195 were identified as novel phenol transformation products, while salicylaldehyde, 2-oxoglutarate, TP165-A, and TP165-B were identified as novel toluene transformation products, providing new possible evidence for additional degradation pathways, which could give new insights into the fate of toluene and phenol during the natural attenuation process in the environment. Finally, salicylaldehyde, 4-OH-benzaldehyde, and 4-OH-benzoic acid which were detected at Level 1 identification confidence were suggested as indicator chemicals of toluene and phenol exposure in the contaminated field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okon Dominic Ekpe
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyojin Choo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; National Fishery Products Quality Management Service, Busan 51140, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Jeon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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7
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Peng F, Ye M, Liu Y, Liu J, Lan Y, Luo A, Zhang T, Jiang Z, Song H. Comparative genomics reveals response of Rhodococcus pyridinivorans B403 to phenol after evolution. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2751-2761. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11858-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Immobilized enzymes and cell systems: an approach to the removal of phenol and the challenges to incorporate nanoparticle-based technology. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:42. [PMID: 35043353 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-022-03229-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The presence of phenol in wastewater poses a risk to ecosystems and human health. The traditional processes to remove phenol from wastewater, although effective, have several drawbacks. The best alternative is the application of ecological biotechnology tools since they involve biological systems (enzymes and microorganisms) with moderate economic and environmental impact. However, these systems have a high sensitivity to environmental factors and high substrate concentrations that reduce their effectiveness in phenol removal. This can be overcome by immobilization-based technology to increase the performance of enzymes and bacteria. A key component to ensure successful immobilization is the material (polymeric matrices) used as support for the biological system. In addition, by incorporating magnetic nanoparticles into conventional immobilized systems, a low-cost process is achieved but, most importantly, the magnetically immobilized system can be recovered, recycled, and reused. In this review, we study the existing alternatives for treating wastewater with phenol, from physical and chemical to biological techniques. The latter focus on the immobilization of enzymes and microorganisms. The characteristics of the support materials that ensure the viability of the immobilization are compared. In addition, the challenges and opportunities that arise from incorporating magnetic nanoparticles in immobilized systems are addressed.
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Nandy S, Arora U, Tarar P, Viggor S, Jõesaar M, Kivisaar M, Kapley A. Monitoring the growth, survival and phenol utilization of the fluorescent-tagged Pseudomonas oleovorans immobilized and free cells. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 338:125568. [PMID: 34274579 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioaugmentation in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is challenging due to low survival and persistence of applied microbes. This study aimed to track the capacity and survival of fluorescent-tagged Pseudomonas oleovoransICTN13 as a model organism applicable in bioaugmentation of phenol-containing wastewater. The isolate was immobilized in alginate biopolymer, and enhanced efficacy and survival for biodegradation of phenol against free cells were studied. Encapsulated cells resulted in enhanced phenol removal efficiency (~94%) compared to free cells (~72%). Encapsulation of cells facilitated an extended storage time of 30 days. Remarkably, phenol and COD removal efficacy of encapsulated cells was sustained up to ~ 92-93% in a reactor after 45 days, while free cells could produce ~ 80-84% removal efficiency. Fluorescence microscopy showed high survival of the encapsulated cells, whereas gradual deterioration of free cells was observed. Thus, the findings highlight the importance of bio augmented strain in WWTPs where encapsulation is a crucial factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sampurna Nandy
- Director's Research Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Upasana Arora
- Director's Research Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Pranay Tarar
- Director's Research Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India
| | - Signe Viggor
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Merike Jõesaar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Maia Kivisaar
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu 51010, Estonia
| | - Atya Kapley
- Director's Research Cell, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur 440020, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
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10
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Xia T, Feng M, Liu C, Liu C, Guo C. Efficient phenol degradation by laccase immobilized on functional magnetic nanoparticles in fixed bed reactor under high-gradient magnetic field. Eng Life Sci 2021; 21:374-381. [PMID: 34140848 PMCID: PMC8182289 DOI: 10.1002/elsc.202100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymatic degradation of emerging contaminants has gained great interest for the past few years. However, free enzyme often incurs high costs in practice. The immobilized laccase on the polyethylenimine (PEI)-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NH2-PEI-laccase) was fabricated to efficiently degrade phenolic compounds continuously in a newly fixed bed reactor under a high-gradient magnetic field. The degradation rate of continuous treatment in the bed after 18 h was 2.38 times as high as that of batch treatment after six successive operations with the same treatment duration. Under the optimal conditions of volume fraction of nickel wires mesh, flow rate of phenol solution, phenol concentration, and Fe3O4-NH2-PEI-laccase amount, the degradation rate of phenol kept over 70.30% in 48 h continuous treatment. The fixed bed reactor filled with Fe3O4-NH2-PEI-laccase provided a promising avenue for the continuous biodegradation of phenolic compounds for industrial wastewater in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting‐Ting Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear EmergencyChina CDCNational Institute for Radiological ProtectionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingP. R. China
| | - Mei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐fibers and Eco‐textilesInstitute of Biochemical EngineeringAffiliated Qingdao Central HospitalCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdaoP. R. China
| | - Chun‐Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐fibers and Eco‐textilesInstitute of Biochemical EngineeringAffiliated Qingdao Central HospitalCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdaoP. R. China
| | - Chun‐Zhao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐fibers and Eco‐textilesInstitute of Biochemical EngineeringAffiliated Qingdao Central HospitalCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringQingdao UniversityQingdaoP. R. China
| | - Chen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering & Key Laboratory of Green Process and EngineeringInstitute of Process EngineeringChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingP. R. China
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11
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Muras A, Romero M, Mayer C, Otero A. Biotechnological applications of Bacillus licheniformis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2021; 41:609-627. [PMID: 33593221 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2021.1873239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus licheniformis is a Gram positive spore-forming bacterial species of high biotechnological interest with numerous present and potential uses, including the production of bioactive compounds that are applied in a wide range of fields, such as aquaculture, agriculture, food, biomedicine, and pharmaceutical industries. Its use as an expression vector for the production of enzymes and other bioproducts is also gaining interest due to the availability of novel genetic manipulation tools. Furthermore, besides its widespread use as a probiotic, other biotechnological applications of B. licheniformis strains include: bioflocculation, biomineralization, biofuel production, bioremediation, and anti-biofilm activity. Although authorities have approved the use of B. licheniformis as a feed additive worldwide due to the absence of toxigenic potential, some probiotics containing this bacterium are considered unsafe due to the possible transference of antibiotic resistance genes. The wide variability in biological activities and genetic characteristics of this species makes it necessary to establish an exact protocol for describing the novel strains, in order to evaluate its biotechnological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Muras
- Departmento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Manuel Romero
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Celia Mayer
- Departmento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Otero
- Departmento de Microbioloxía e Parasitoloxía, Facultade de Bioloxía-CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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12
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Younis SA, El-Gendy NS, Nassar HN. Biokinetic aspects for biocatalytic remediation of xenobiotics polluted seawater. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:319-334. [PMID: 32118335 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS This research was conducted to investigate the biocatalytic remediation of xenobiotics polluted seawater using two biocatalysts; whole bacterial cells of facultative aerobic halotolerant Corynebacterium variabilis Sh42 and its extracted crude enzymes. METHODS AND RESULTS One-Factor-at-A-Time technique and statistical analysis were applied to study the effect of initial substrate concentrations, pH, temperature, and initial biocatalyst concentrations on the batch biocatalytic degradation of three xenobiotic pollutants (2-hydroxybiphenyl (2-HBP), catechol and benzoic acid) in artificial seawater (salinity 3·1%). HPLC and gas-chromatography mass spectroscopy analyses were utilized to illustrate the quantitative removal of the studied aromatic xenobiotic pollutants and their catabolic pathway. The results revealed that the microbial and enzymatic cultures followed substrate inhibition kinetics. Yano and Koga's equation showed the best fit for the biokinetic degradation rates of 2-HBP and benzoic acid, whereas Haldane biokinetic model adequately expressed the specific biodegradation rate of catechol. The biokinetic results indicated the good efficiency and tolerance of crude enzyme for biocatalytic degradation of extremely high concentrations of aromatic pollutants than whole C. variabilis Sh42 cells. The monitored by-products indicated that the catabolic degradation pathway followed an oxidation mechanism via a site-specific monooxygenase enzyme. Benzoic acid and catechol were identified as major intermediates in the biodegradation pathway of 2-HBP, which were then biodegraded through meta-cleavage to 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde. With time elapsed, the semialdehyde product was further biodegraded to acetaldehyde and pyruvic acid, which would be further metabolized via the bacterial TCA cycle. CONCLUSION The batch enzymatic bioreactors performed superior-specific biocatalytic degradation rates for all the studied xenobiotic pollutants. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The enzymatic system of C. variabilis Sh42 is tolerable for toxic xenobiotics and different physicochemical environmental parameters. Thus, it can be recommended as an effective biocatalyst for biocatalytic remediation of xenobiotics polluted seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Younis
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - N Sh El-Gendy
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Center of Excellence, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - H N Nassar
- Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), 6th of October City, Egypt
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13
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Chris Felshia S, AshwinKarthick N, Thilagam R, Gnanamani A. Elucidation of 2, 4-Dichlorophenol degradation by Bacillus licheniformis strain SL10. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2020; 41:366-377. [PMID: 30010506 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1498923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
2,4-Dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is a priority pollutant according to US Environmental Protection Agency. Its use in various chemical industries and its presence in the effluent necessitate effective removal studies. The present study focuses on degradation of 2,4-DCP by phenol adapted bacteria Bacillus licheniformis strain SL10 (MTCC 25059) at a relatively faster rate. The organism exhibited tolerance to 150 ppm of 2,4-DCP and showed a linear relationship between the growth and substrate concentration (µmax 0.022/h) and the inhibitory concentration was 55.74 mg/L. The degradation efficiency of the organism was 74% under optimum conditions but increased to 97% when the growth medium containing nil sodium chloride. The degradation of 2,4-DCP was effected by the action of extracellular cocktail enzyme containing Catechol 2, 3 dioxygenase (C23DO), phenol hydroxylase and Catechol, 1,2 dioxygenase (C12DO). In vitro enzymatic degradation studies exhibit 98% degradation of 50 ppm of 2,4-DCP within 2 h. Analyses of degradation products infer that the chosen organism followed a meta-cleavage pathway while degrading 2,4-DCP. In conclusion, the bacteria Bacillus licheniformis strain SL10 finds potential application in the remediation of 2,4-DCP.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - R Thilagam
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
| | - A Gnanamani
- CSIR-Central Leather Research Institute, Chennai, India
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14
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C. E, N. P, S. CF, A. G. Exploring the styrene metabolism by aerobic bacterial isolates for the effective management of leachates in an aqueous system. RSC Adv 2020; 10:26535-26545. [PMID: 35519756 PMCID: PMC9055403 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03822a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the styrene metabolic profile of three aerobic bacterial isolates explored in a batch mode study. The isolates found application in the management of elachates in the waste dump yard. These three bacterial species have different origins and were studied as a single and mixed consortia. The Lysinibacillus strain M01 (from marine sources), Lysinibacillus strain WD03 (from a waste dump yard), and Pseudomonas strain BG07 (from bovine gut) were used in the present study. The styrene concentration was fixed in the range between 0.5 and 1.5 mL L−1. The metabolites obtained upon microbial degradation were assessed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV-visible spectroscopy, and FTIR spectroscopy (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy). Furthermore, the genes (Sty A, B, C, D, and E) responsible for the degradation of styrene by the three abovementioned isolates were identified using PCR with respective designed primers. Instrumental analyses revealed the presence of phenylacetic acid (PAA) at significant levels in the growth medium after the scheduled experimental period and confirmed the metabolism of styrene by the chosen isolates. Compared to the case of individual cultures, the results of the mixed consortia support the metabolism of styrene at appreciable levels. The present study provides a suitable biological solution for the management of leachates containing styrene and a way to achieve industrially important chemicals (PAA) through a microbially mediated process. Profile of the three potential aerobic bacterial isolates responsible for the metabolism of styrene.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebciba C.
- Microbiology Division
- CSIR-CLRI
- Chennai 600 020
- India
| | - Pavithra N.
- Microbiology Division
- CSIR-CLRI
- Chennai 600 020
- India
| | | | - Gnanamani A.
- Microbiology Division
- CSIR-CLRI
- Chennai 600 020
- India
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15
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Zaborowska M, Wyszkowska J, Kucharski J. Soil enzyme response to bisphenol F contamination in the soil bioaugmented using bacterial and mould fungal consortium. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 192:20. [PMID: 31820108 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The concept of the study resulted from the lack of accurate data on the toxicity of bisphenol F (BPF) coinciding with the need for immediate changes in the global economic policy eliminating the effects of environmental contamination with bisphenol A (BPA). The aim of the experiment was to determine the scale of the previously unstudied inhibitory effect of BPF on soil biochemical activity. To this end, in a soil subjected to increasing BPF pressure at three contamination levels of 0, 5, 50 and 500 mg BPF kg-1 DM, responses of soil enzymes, dehydrogenases, catalase, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulphatase and β-glucosidase, were examined. Moreover, the study suggested a potentially effective way of biostimulating the soil by means of bioaugmentation with a consortium of four bacterial species: Pseudomonas umsongensis, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus weihenstephanensis and Bacillus subtilis, and the following fungal species: Mucor circinelloides, Penicillium daleae, Penicillium chrysogenum and Aspergillus niger. It was found that BPF was a controversial BPA analogue due to the fact that it contributed to the inhibition of all the enzyme activities. Dehydrogenases proved to be the most sensitive to bisphenol contamination of the soil. The addition of 5 mg BPF kg-1 DM of soil triggered an escalation of the inhibition comparable to that for the other enzymes only after exposing them to the effects of 50 and 500 mg BPF kg-1 DM of soil. Moreover, BPF generated low activity of urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and β-glucosidase. Bacterial inoculum increased the activity of urease, β-glucosidase, catalase and alkaline phosphatase. Seventy-six percent of BPF underwent biodegradation during the 5 days of the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Zaborowska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Wyszkowska
- Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jan Kucharski
- Department of Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Plac Łódzki 3, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland
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16
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Li H, Meng F, Duan W, Lin Y, Zheng Y. Biodegradation of phenol in saline or hypersaline environments by bacteria: A review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 184:109658. [PMID: 31520955 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the continuous demand from industry for chemical raw materials, a large amount of high-salinity wastewater containing phenol is discharged into the aquatic environment, and the leakage of dangerous chemicals into the sea may lead to phenol pollution of the ocean. Phenol is a common chemical posing serious environmental hazard. Biodegradation is an effective, low-cost, environment-friendly method of removing phenol from water, but in hypersaline environments, traditional freshwater organisms are less efficacious. Here, at least 17 genera of bacteria from three phyla are found that can degrade phenol in different saline environments. The sources and taxonomy of halotolerant and halophilic bacteria are reviewed. Moreover, the pathway of phenol removal, kinetics of biodegradation, influencing factors, and recent treatment processes of wastewater are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Fanping Meng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Weiyan Duan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Yufei Lin
- National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100194, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Qingdao, 266100, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; National Marine Hazard Mitigation Service, Ministry of Natural Resource of the People's Republic of China, Beijing, 100194, China
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17
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Zhang W, Ren X, He J, Zhang Q, Qiu C, Fan B. Application of natural mixed bacteria immobilized carriers to different kinds of organic wastewater treatment and microbial community comparison. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 377:113-123. [PMID: 31154198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although many literatures have reported that biomass materials had been used for water treatment, most of the biomass materials were directly used for adsorbing toxic or organic substances. In this research, modified pine bark and corn straw were used to prepare the high-efficiency and low-cost activated sludge immobilized materials. By treating phenol wastewater and ordinary organic wastewater, various factors influencing the treatment effect were investigated. The results showed that the immobilized biological carriers had good effects on the treatment of two kinds of wastewater. The removal efficiency of the phenol wastewater reached 100% in 24 h, and the removal efficiency of ordinary organic wastewater reached 95.5% in 96 h. The results of microbial community analysis showed that the abundance of the immobilized carrier and that of the original sludge was similar. But when treating different wastewater, the number and proportion of microorganisms were significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- College of Environment and Chemistry Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China.
| | - Xiaohui Ren
- College of Environment and Chemistry Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Jun He
- College of Environment and Chemistry Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Qingrui Zhang
- College of Environment and Chemistry Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Cui Qiu
- College of Environment and Chemistry Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Baomin Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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Hu M, Sun Z, Hu J, Lei H, Jin W. Simultaneous Phenol Detoxification and Dilute Metal Recovery in Cyclone Electrochemical Reactor. Ind Eng Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meiqing Hu
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1th Ber-er-tiao Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiugang Hu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, No. 932 South Lushan Road, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Hong Lei
- Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Processing of Materials, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
| | - Wei Jin
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi 214122, China
- Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1th Ber-er-tiao Zhongguancun, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Bian C, Xia T, Gao Y, Zhang X, Wang H, Ma H, Hu Y, Wang X. Highly sensitive microbial biosensor based on recombinant Escherichia coli overexpressing catechol 2,3-dioxygenase for reliable detection of catechol. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 126:51-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.10.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Ke Q, Zhang Y, Wu X, Su X, Wang Y, Lin H, Mei R, Zhang Y, Hashmi MZ, Chen C, Chen J. Sustainable biodegradation of phenol by immobilized Bacillus sp. SAS19 with porous carbonaceous gels as carriers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 222:185-189. [PMID: 29843091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, high-efficient phenol-degrading bacterium Bacillus sp. SAS19 which was isolated from activated sludge by resuscitation-promoting factor (Rpf) addition, were immobilized on porous carbonaceous gels (CGs) for phenol degradation. The phenol-degrading capabilities of free and immobilized Bacillus sp. SAS19 were evaluated under various initial phenol concentrations. The obtained results showed that phenol could be removed effectively by both free and immobilized Bacillus sp. SAS19. Furthermore, for degradation of phenol at high concentrations, long-term utilization and recycling were more readily achieved for immobilized bacteria as compared to free bacteria. Immobilized bacteria exhibited significant increase in phenol-degrading capabilities in the third cycle of recycling and reuse, which demonstrated 87.2% and 100% of phenol (1600 mg/L) degradation efficiency at 12 and 24 h, respectively. The present study revealed that immobilized Bacillus sp. SAS19 can be potentially used for enhanced treatment of synthetic phenol-laden wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ke
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Yunge Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Xilin Wu
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Xiaomei Su
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
| | - Yuyang Wang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Hongjun Lin
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China
| | - Rongwu Mei
- Environmental Science Research and Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Environmental Science Research and Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Muhammad Zaffar Hashmi
- Department of Meteorology, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Chongjun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Jianrong Chen
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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21
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Complete genome sequence of Bacillus licheniformis BL-010. Microb Pathog 2018; 118:199-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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M. D. P, S. CF, Gnanamani A. Preparation, characterization and reusability efficacy of amine-functionalized graphene oxide-polyphenol oxidase complex for removal of phenol from aqueous phase. RSC Adv 2018; 8:38416-38424. [PMID: 35559055 PMCID: PMC9090162 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06364h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explores the preparation, characterization and reusability efficacy of an amine-functionalized graphene oxide and polyphenol oxidase complex for the removal of phenol from aqueous phase. In brief, graphene oxide (GO) is synthesized according to modified Hummer's method using graphite powder and functionalized with amine using the Bucherer's method (GO-NH2). Partially purified polyphenol oxidase (PP-PPO) enzyme extracted from Solanum tuberosum is used for the preparation of the complex. The resultant GO-NH2-(PP-PPO) complex is used for the phenol degradation studies. The samples of GO, GO-NH2, and GO-NH2-(PP-PPO) complex are characterized using various instrumental techniques. Spectral UV data and FTIR and XRD diffraction patterns confirm the amine functionalization on GO. Raman spectrum, SEM micrograph and thermogravimetric (TG) analyses authenticate the linked enzyme on GO-NH2. GO-NH2-(PP-PPO) complex demonstrates >90% enzyme stability at all the studied temperatures (4 °C, −20 °C, RT and 37 °C). Phenol degradation studies show >99% removal of 1000 ppm of phenol within 5 hours from the start of the experiment at the optimized pH of 5.0 and temperature of 30 °C, as inferred from HPLC analysis. Catechol and hydroquinone compounds are identified as intermediates during the removal of phenol. Furthermore, studies on the reuse of GO-NH2-(PP-PPO) complex suggest that the complex can be used effectively for the removal of phenol up to maximum 7 cycles. In conclusion, the observations made in the present study show that the complex containing amine-functionalized graphene oxide and phenoloxidase is effective for the removal of phenol with appreciable reusability. Schematic representation of the present study describing amine functionalization followed by enzyme immobilization and degradation of phenol.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravin M. D.
- Biological Material Laboratory (Microbiology Division)
- CSIR-CLRI
- Chennai 20
- India
| | - Chris Felshia S.
- Biological Material Laboratory (Microbiology Division)
- CSIR-CLRI
- Chennai 20
- India
| | - A. Gnanamani
- Biological Material Laboratory (Microbiology Division)
- CSIR-CLRI
- Chennai 20
- India
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