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Hu T, Lin Y, Liu Y, Zhao Q, Yu H, Yang Z, Meng F. Microbial electrochemical enhanced composting of sludge and kitchen waste: Electricity generation, composting efficiency and health risk assessment for land use. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35678. [PMID: 39170487 PMCID: PMC11336836 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
To realize the energy and resource utilization from organic solid waste, a two-phase microbial desalination cell (TPMDC) was constructed using dewatered sludge and kitchen waste as the anode substrate. The performance of electricity generation and composting efficacy was investigated, along with a comprehensive assessment of the potential health risks associated with the land use of the resulting mixed compost products. Experimental outcomes revealed a maximum open-circuit voltage of 0.893 ± 0.005 V and a maximum volumetric power density of 0.797 ± 0.009 W/m³. After 90 days of composting enhanced by microbial electrochemistry, a significant organic matter removal rate of 31.13 ± 0.44 % was obtained, and the anode substrate electric conductivity was reduced by 30.02 ± 0.04 % based on the anode desalination. Simultaneously, there was an increase in the content of available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as an improvement in the seed germination index. The forms of heavy metals shifted from bioavailable to stable residual states. The non-carcinogenic hazard index (HI) values for heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the land use of compost products were less than 1, and the total carcinogenic risk (TCR) values for heavy metals and PAHs were below the acceptable threshold of 10-4. The occupational population risk of infection from five pathogens was higher than that of the general public, with all risk values ranging from 8.67 × 10-8 to 1, where the highest risk was attributed to occupational exposure to Legionella. These outcomes demonstrated that the mixture of dewatered sludge and kitchen waste was an appropriate anode substrate to enhance TPMDC stability for electricity generation, and its compost products have promising land use suitability and acceptable land use risk, which will provide important guidance for the safe treatment and disposal of organic solid waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengteng Hu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yunhan Lin
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yingyu Liu
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qingliang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environments (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150090, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Vessel Pollution Monitoring and Control, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, 116026, China
| | - Zhugen Yang
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom
| | - Fanyu Meng
- Department of Environmental Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
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Yatoo AM, Hamid B, Sheikh TA, Ali S, Bhat SA, Ramola S, Ali MN, Baba ZA, Kumar S. Global perspective of municipal solid waste and landfill leachate: generation, composition, eco-toxicity, and sustainable management strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:23363-23392. [PMID: 38443532 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Globally, more than 2 billion tonnes of municipal solid waste (MSW) are generated each year, with that amount anticipated to reach around 3.5 billion tonnes by 2050. On a worldwide scale, food and green waste contribute the major proportion of MSW, which accounts for 44% of global waste, followed by recycling waste (38%), which includes plastic, glass, cardboard, and paper, and 18% of other materials. Population growth, urbanization, and industrial expansion are the principal drivers of the ever-increasing production of MSW across the world. Among the different practices employed for the management of waste, landfill disposal has been the most popular and easiest method across the world. Waste management practices differ significantly depending on the income level. In high-income nations, only 2% of waste is dumped, whereas in low-income nations, approximately 93% of waste is burned or dumped. However, the unscientific disposal of waste in landfills causes the generation of gases, heat, and leachate and results in a variety of ecotoxicological problems, including global warming, water pollution, fire hazards, and health effects that are hazardous to both the environment and public health. Therefore, sustainable management of MSW and landfill leachate is critical, necessitating the use of more advanced techniques to lessen waste production and maximize recycling to assure environmental sustainability. The present review provides an updated overview of the global perspective of municipal waste generation, composition, landfill heat and leachate formation, and ecotoxicological effects, and also discusses integrated-waste management approaches for the sustainable management of municipal waste and landfill leachate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mohd Yatoo
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India.
| | - Basharat Hamid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Tahir Ahmad Sheikh
- Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, India
| | - Shafat Ali
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Sartaj Ahmad Bhat
- River Basin Research Centre, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, Japan
- Waste Re-Processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
| | - Sudipta Ramola
- Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Md Niamat Ali
- Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Zahoor Ahmad Baba
- Faculty of Agriculture, SKUAST-Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Waste Re-Processing Division, CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (CSIR-NEERI), Nagpur, 440020, India
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Gunarathne V, Phillips AJ, Zanoletti A, Rajapaksha AU, Vithanage M, Di Maria F, Pivato A, Korzeniewska E, Bontempi E. Environmental pitfalls and associated human health risks and ecological impacts from landfill leachate contaminants: Current evidence, recommended interventions and future directions. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169026. [PMID: 38056656 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The improper management of solid waste, particularly the dumping of untreated municipal solid waste, poses a growing global challenge in both developed and developing nations. The generation of leachate is one of the significant issues that arise from this practice, and it can have harmful impacts on both the environment and public health. This paper presents an overview of the primary waste types that generate landfill leachate and their characteristics. This includes examining the distribution of waste types in landfills globally and how they have changed over time, which can provide valuable insights into potential pollutants in a given area and their trends. With a lack of specific regulations and growing concerns regarding environmental and health impacts, the paper also focuses on emerging contaminants. Furthermore, the environmental and ecological impacts of leachate, along with associated health risks, are analyzed. The potential applications of landfill leachate, suggested interventions and future directions are also discussed in the manuscript. Finally, this work addresses future research directions in landfill leachate studies, with attention, for the first time to the potentialities that artificial intelligence can offer for landfill leachate management, studies, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viraj Gunarathne
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka; University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ankur J Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, 263145, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Alessandra Zanoletti
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Anushka Upamali Rajapaksha
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka; Instrument Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, CO 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Francesco Di Maria
- LAR5 Laboratory, Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Perugia, via G. Duranti 93, 06125 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alberto Pivato
- DICEA - Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, The Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Elza Bontempi
- INSTM and Chemistry for Technologies Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Brescia, Via Branze, 38, 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Wang Q, Xie H, Peng Y, Mohammad A, Singh DN. VOCs emission from a final landfill cover system induced by ground surface air temperature and barometric pressure fluctuation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 336:122391. [PMID: 37633438 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emission flux and their concentration profiles were measured at a final municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill cover in Hangzhou, China. The influencing parameters, especially ground surface air temperature and pressure were monitored concomitantly. Furthermore, a numerical model incorporating coupled thermo-hydro-chemical interaction to assess VOCs emission from this final landfill cover (LFC) system was developed and validated with the field test results. The tested total VOC emission flux from the final cover is 0.0124 μg/m2/s, which indicates that the total amount of VOCs emitted into the atmosphere is 391 mg/m2 annually. Among these, dichloromethane (DCM) dominated VOCs emission flux during May, comprising 51.8% of the total emission flux. The numerical simulation results indicated that the diffusive emission flux of VOCs varied consistently with the fluctuation of atmospheric temperature. Whereas, the advective flux varied inversely with the fluctuation of barometric pressure. The highest difference in diffusive emission flux induced by temperature variation is 183 μg/m2/day and occurred in spring. Moreover, the results demonstrated that the impact of atmospheric temperature and pressure fluctuation on the emission of VOC from final covers is non-negligible when reasonably assessing the risks of landfill and landfill gas emission budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China
| | - Haijian Xie
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, China; Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China.
| | - Yingfei Peng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Arif Mohammad
- School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Queen's Buildings, The Parade Cardiff CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Devendra Narain Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
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5
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Xie H, Gu X, Yan H, Bouazza A, Zuo X, Peng Y. Field investigation of temporal variation and diffusion of hydrogen sulfide on waste working face and intermediate landfill cover. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:11-22. [PMID: 37384970 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the study on the variation, influencing factors and diffusion regularity of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration and surface flux on the working face and intermediate geomembrane cover of a landfill. Field investigations were conducted using static chambers at a large-scale municipal solid waste landfill in Hangzhou, China, from January 2019 to June 2021. The analytical models of H2S transport in the working face and intermediate cover were developed to investigate the surface flux under various conditions. The CALPUFF model was used to demonstrate the diffusion path. The H2S surface flux on the working face ranged from 7.1 × 10-3 to 1.7 mg/m2/h, whereas the range was found to be 1.5 × 10-4 to 0.9 mg/m2/h on the intermediate geomembrane cover. This observation indicated that the geomembrane can reduce H2S emissions. In addition, the H2S surface fluxes at the HDPE GMB seams and near the gas collecting wells were generally 1-2 orders of magnitude larger than that in the intact GMB. The analytical model estimates that the intact GMB exhibits a diffusion coefficient of H2S ranging from 2.7 × 10-11 to 2.2 × 10-10 m2/s. However, the diffusion coefficient increases significantly to a range of 3.3 × 10-11-9.8 × 10-7 m2/s on the GMB seams. According to CALPUFF results, only the H2S diffusion from the working face had areas exceeding the standard concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Xie
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Xiting Gu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Huaxiang Yan
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Abdelmalek Bouazza
- Department of Civil Engineering, 23 College Walk, Monash University, Vic. 3800, Australia
| | - Xinru Zuo
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, China
| | - Yingfei Peng
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China; Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou 310007, China
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6
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Zhao S, Li R, Wang S, Liu Y, Lu W, Zhao Y. Emission of volatile organic compounds from landfill working surfaces: Formation potential of ozone and secondary organic aerosols. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 886:163954. [PMID: 37160182 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The working surface of landfills is an important source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which have received increasing attention because of their role in potentially forming ozone and secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). In this study, 99 monitoring datasets on VOC emissions from a landfill working surface were obtained in 9 months and used to evaluate their ozone formation potential (OFP) and SOA formation potential (SOAFP) from a statistical perspective and compared using various methods. December was found to have the highest total OFP and SOAFP caused by VOC emissions from the landfill working surface. Both the propylene equivalent concentration (PEC) and maximum incremental reactivity (MIR) methods indicated that oxygenated compounds, especially ethanol, contributed the most to the OFP, accounting for 16.1 %-95.4 % and 44.9 %-98.6 % of the total OFP during the entire observation period, respectively. The fraction aerosol coefficient (FAC) method highlighted the effect of aromatic hydrocarbons which contributed to over 97 % of the total SOAFP. In contrast, the SOA potential (SOAP) method indicated that both aromatic hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds play important roles, contributing 26.6 %-93.9 % and 21.6 %-73.4 % of the total SOAFP, respectively. Based on their mechanisms and comprehensiveness, PEC and SOAP methods are considered more appropriate for evaluating the OFP and SOAFP of VOCs released from landfill working surfaces. The annual total OFP and SOAFP of VOCs from landfill working surfaces of China in 2020 were thus estimated as 1.5 × 104 t and 135 t, respectively, with high variations among different regions along with the population, waste management system, and the amount of landfilled waste. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the potential impacts and evaluation methods of local waste landfills in the atmospheric environment from a statistical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rong Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shengwei Wang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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7
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Li R, Yuan J, Li X, Zhao S, Lu W, Wang H, Zhao Y. Health risk assessment of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from landfill working surface via dispersion simulation enhanced by probability analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120535. [PMID: 36341827 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the health risks of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from landfills via dispersion model is crucial but also challenging because of remarkable variations in their emissions and meteorological conditions. This study used a probabilistic approach for the assessment of the health risks of typical VOCs by combining artificial neural network models for emission rates and a numerical dispersion model enhanced by probability analysis. A total of 8753 rounds of simulation were performed with distributions of waste compositions and the valid hourly meteorological conditions for 1 year. The concentration distributions and ranges of the typical health-risky VOCs after dispersion were analyzed with 95% probability. The individual and cumulative non-carcinogenic risks of the typical VOCs were acceptable with all values less than 1 in the whole study domain. For individual carcinogenic risks, only ethylbenzene, benzene, chloroform, and 1, 2-dichloroethane at extreme concentrations showed minor or moderate risks with a probability of 0.1%-1% and an impact distance of 650-3000 m at specific directions. The cumulative carcinogenic risks were also acceptable at 95% probability in the whole study domain, but exceeded 1 × 10-6 or even 1 × 10-4 at some extreme conditions, especially within the landfill area. The vertical patterns of the health risks with height initially increased, and then decreased rapidly, and the peak values were observed around the height of the emission source. The dispersion simulation and health risk assessment of the typical health-risky VOCs enhanced by Monte Carlo can accurately reflect their probabilistic dispersion patterns and health risks to surrounding residents from both spatial and temporal dimensions. With this approach, this study can provide important scientific basis and technical support for the health risk assessment and management of landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, PR China
| | - Jiayi Yuan
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Silan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Hongtao Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Tianjin 300191, PR China.
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8
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Yaashikaa PR, Kumar PS, Nhung TC, Hemavathy RV, Jawahar MJ, Neshaanthini JP, Rangasamy G. A review on landfill system for municipal solid wastes: Insight into leachate, gas emissions, environmental and economic analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 309:136627. [PMID: 36181852 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Landfill is one of the common processes for removing and disposing waste materials that comprises the final method of disposing municipal solid waste. Disposal of municipal solid waste through land filling has become an important environmental problem all over the world which results in environmental contamination and pollution. Microbes present in the land act on the dumped materials and decompose the organic content present. The leachate from landfill is rich in organic, inorganic and suspended particles which may cause threat to ecosystem. The pollutants from leachate may be heavy metals, organic and inorganic content and organic compounds. The geological properties of soil get altered when leachate migrates. The physical, chemical and biological properties of the dumped material are determined by the decomposition of substances and microbes acting onto it. Trace gas emission may occur due to volatilization of chemical substances, degradation of waste materials and conversion reactions. The concentration of gas released varies from region to region of dumping, covered and uncovered dumped materials. The current review recommends an engineered landfill design helpful for landfill gas generation which replaces the fossil fuel as a compressed natural gas or liquefied natural gas. The landfill area is separated into organic and inorganic cells to scope at the objective of energy generation and resource recovery. However, the impact of these released gaseous emissions has been analyzed completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Yaashikaa
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Ponnusamy Senthil Kumar
- Green Technology and Sustainable Development in Construction Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Tran Cam Nhung
- Faculty of Safety Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - R V Hemavathy
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Marie Jyotsna Jawahar
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - J P Neshaanthini
- Department of Biotechnology, Rajalakshmi Engineering College, Chennai, 602105, India
| | - Gayathri Rangasamy
- University Centre for Research and Development & Department of Civil Engineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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9
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Xie H, Fei S, He H, Zhang A, Ni J, Chen Y. Field investigation and numerical modelling of gas extraction in a heterogeneous landfill with high leachate level. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:76944-76960. [PMID: 35668271 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21189-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A field gas extraction experiment is carried out at a high-kitchen food large-scale landfill site with high leachate level. The leachate level was decreased to improve the pumping efficiency. Considering the heterogeneity of the municipal solid waste (MSW), the pores in the unsaturated MSW are divided into matrix pores and fractures. A transient dual-porosity model was then developed to analyze the pumping test results. The first and second boundary conditions considering the effect of cover layers of landfills was involved. The results show that the gas flow rate can be increased by 14-37% due to the drawdown of the leachate level. Compared with the single pore model, the dual-porosity model can better predict the field results, indicating that the preferential flow in the landfill caused by the heterogeneity of MSWs is very important. As the pumping pressure increases by a factor of 5, the ratio of fractures to pores wf can be decreased by a factor of 4.4. This may be due to the fact that the fractures will be compressed when the effective stress was increased as the negative pumping pressure was applied. The pumping pressure and the anisotropy value of the MSWs have the greater influence on the well radius of influence. The proposed model can be used for effective design of the field gas pumping experiments. The obtained gas generation rate, gas permeability of the dual porosity MSWs can be useful for gas transport analysis and gas pumping well design for the high-kitchen food content landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China.
| | - Shuangke Fei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Haijie He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, China
| | - An Zhang
- Huangyan Social Undertakings Development Company of Taizhou, Taizhou, 318020, China
| | - Junjun Ni
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Hong Kong
| | - Yun Chen
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China
- Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co. Ltd, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310027, China
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10
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Wang Q, Gu X, Tang S, Mohammad A, Singh DN, Xie H, Chen Y, Zuo X, Sun Z. Gas transport in landfill cover system: A critical appraisal. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 321:116020. [PMID: 36104890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Landfill gas (LFG) emission is gaining more attention from the scientific fraternity and policymakers recently due to its threat to the atmosphere and human health of the populace living in surrounding premises. Though landfill cover (LFC) (viz., daily, intermittent and final cover) is widely used by landfill operators to mitigate or reduce these emissions, their overall performance is still under question. A critical analysis of available literature, primarily pertaining to (i) the composition of the landfill gases and their migration in the LFC system, (ii) experimental and mathematical investigations of the transport mechanism of gas and (iii) the impact of additives to cover soils on transport and fate of gas, has been conducted and presented in this manuscript. Investigation of the efficiency of modified soil was mainly focused on laboratory test. More field tests and application of amended cover soils should be conducted and promoted further. Studies on nitrous oxide and emerging pollutants, including poly-fluoroalkyl substances transport in landfill cover system are limited and need further research. The transport mechanisms of these unconventional contaminants should be considered regarding the selection of LFC materials including geomembrane and geosynthetic clay liners. The existing analytical and numerical models can provide a basic understanding of LFG transport mechanisms and are able to predict the migration behaviour of LFG; however, there are still knowledge gaps concerning the interaction between different species of the gas molecule when modeling multi-component gas transport. Gas transport through fractured cover should also be considered when evaluating LFG emission in the future. Simplified design method for landfill cover system regarding LFG emission based on analytical models should be proposed. Overall, mathematical models combined with experiments can facilitate more visualized and intensive insights, which would be instrumental in devising climate adaptive landfill covers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China; Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Xiting Gu
- College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, China; Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co. Ltd, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suqin Tang
- Hangzhou Environmental Group, 138-1 Linban Road, Hangzhou, 310022, China
| | - Arif Mohammad
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Devendra Narain Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Haijian Xie
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yun Chen
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China; Architectural Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang University Co. Ltd, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Zuo
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China; College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd., Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhilin Sun
- Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zheda Road, Zhoushan, 316021, China; College of Hydraulic Engineering and Architecture, Tarim University, Alaer, 843300, China
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Xie H, Zuo X, Chen Y, Yan H, Ni J. Numerical model for static chamber measurement of multi-component landfill gas emissions and its application. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:74225-74241. [PMID: 35635673 PMCID: PMC9550682 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20951-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The quantitative assessment of landfill gas emissions is essential to assess the performance of the landfill cover and gas collection system. The relative error of the measured surface emission of landfill gas may be induced by the static flux chamber technique. This study aims to quantify effects of the size of the chamber, the insertion depth, pressure differential on the relative errors by using an integrated approach of in situ tests, and numerical modeling. A field experiment study of landfill gas emission is conducted by using a static chamber at one landfill site in Xi'an, Northwest China. Additionally, a two-dimensional axisymmetric numerical model for multi-component gas transport in the soil and the static chamber is developed based on the dusty-gas model (DGM). The proposed model is validated by the field data obtained in this study and a set of experimental data in the literature. The results show that DGM model has a better capacity to predict gas transport under a wider range of permeability compared to Blanc's method. This is due to the fact that DGM model can explain the interaction among gases (e.g., CH4, CO2, O2, and N2) and the Knudsen diffusion process while these mechanisms are not included in Blanc's model. Increasing the size and the insertion depth of static chambers can reduce the relative error for the flux of CH4 and CO2. For example, increasing the height of chambers from 0.55 to 1.1 m can decrease relative errors of CH4 and CO2 flux by 17% and 18%, respectively. Moreover, we find that gas emission fluxes for the case with positive pressure differential (∆Pin-out) are greater than that of the case without considering pressure fluctuations. The Monte Carlo method was adopted to carry out the statistical analysis for quantifying the range of relative errors. The agreement of the measured field data and predicted results demonstrated that the proposed model has the capacity to quantify the emission of landfill gas from the landfill cover systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Xie
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Xinru Zuo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Yunmin Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Center for Balance Architecture, Zhejiang University, 148 Tianmushan Road, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Huaxiang Yan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Soft Soils and Geoenvironmental Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
| | - Junjun Ni
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
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Sharma P, Parakh SK, Singh SP, Parra-Saldívar R, Kim SH, Varjani S, Tong YW. A critical review on microbes-based treatment strategies for mitigation of toxic pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155444. [PMID: 35461941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of the environment through toxic pollutants poses a key risk to the environment due to irreversible environmental damage(s). Industrialization and urbanization produced harmful elements such as petrochemicals, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, nanomaterials, and herbicides that are intentionally or unintentionally released into the water system, threatening biodiversity, the health of animals, and humans. Heavy metals (HMs) in water, for example, can exist in a variety of forms that are inclined by climate features like the presence of various types of organic matter, pH, water system hardness, transformation, and bioavailability. Biological treatment is an important tool for removing toxic contaminants from the ecosystem, and it has piqued the concern of investigators over the centuries. In situ bioremediation such as biosparging, bioventing, biostimulation, bioaugmentation, and phytoremediation and ex-situ bioremediation includes composting, land farming, biopiles, and bioreactors. In the last few years, scientific understanding of microbial relations with particular chemicals has aided in the protection of the environment. Despite intensive studies being carried out on the mitigation of toxic pollutants, there have been limited efforts performed to discuss the solutions to tackle the limitations and approaches for the remediation of heavy metals holistically. This paper summarizes the risk assessment of HMs on aquatic creatures, the environment, humans, and animals. The content of this paper highlights the principles and limitations of microbial remediation to address the technological challenges. The coming prospect and tasks of evaluating the impact of different treatment skills for pollutant remediation have been reviewed in detail. Moreover, genetically engineered microbes have emerged as powerful bioremediation capabilities with significant potential for expelling toxic elements. With appropriate examples, current challenging issues and boundaries related to the deployment of genetically engineered microbes as bioremediation on polluted soils are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Sharma
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, 138602, Singapore
| | - Sheetal Kishor Parakh
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, 138602, Singapore
| | - Surendra Pratap Singh
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Dayanand Anglo-Vedic (PG) College, Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kanpur-208001, India
| | - Roberto Parra-Saldívar
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias-Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Sang-Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar 382010, Gujarat, India.
| | - Yen Wah Tong
- Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, 1 Create Way, 138602, Singapore; Energy and Environmental Sustainability for Megacities (E2S2) Phase II, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise (CREATE), 1 CREATE Way, 138602, Singapore; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive, 117585, Singapore.
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Li R, Xu A, Zhao Y, Chang H, Li X, Lin G. Genetic algorithm (GA) - Artificial neural network (ANN) modeling for the emission rates of toxic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from landfill working surface. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 305:114433. [PMID: 34995942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from the working surface of landfills have received increasing attention due to the potential risks to human health. Quantifying the emission rates of risky VOCs is important to their health risk assessment but is also challenging because of their high variation and complicated relationship between the emission rates and various influencing factors. In this study, a continuous nine-month sampling of VOCs was conducted on a landfill working surface to identify dominant VOCs that are risky to human health and to construct artificial neural network (ANN) models for their emission rates by involving 105 datasets. Among the 63 detected VOCs, ethanol presented the highest emission rate (885.28 ± 1398.10 μg·m-2·s-1), and the dominant compounds with high emission rates and detection frequencies were characterized in each category. According to the human toxicity impact scores calculated with USEtox method, carbon tetrachloride, ethanol, tetrachloroethylene, 1, 2-dichloroethane, benzene, ethylbenzene, and chloroform were identified as the dominant carcinogenic VOCs, and acrolein, carbon tetrachloride, and 1, 2-dichloropropane were the dominant noncarcinogenic VOCs. ANN models were established for the emission rates of six typical risky VOCs, with meteorological conditions and waste compositions as input parameters and emission rates as output parameters. With the structure optimization and genetic algorithm, all the ANN models achieved good performance and excellent prediction capability with high R2 and low root mean square error (RMSE) values. The emission rates under a 95% probability were predicted for each risky VOCs via the established ANN models, by randomly sampling the input parameters under their data distribution. The approach proposed and results obtained can provide scientific methodology and important information for the monitoring, prediction, and health risk assessment of the VOCs emitted from MSW landfills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, PR China
| | - Ankun Xu
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Odor Pollution Control, Tianjin Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Tianjin, 300191, PR China.
| | - Huimin Chang
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
| | - Guannv Lin
- School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, PR China
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Kissas K, Ibrom A, Kjeldsen P, Scheutz C. Methane emission dynamics from a Danish landfill: The effect of changes in barometric pressure. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2022; 138:234-242. [PMID: 34902685 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2021.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates temporal variability on landfill methane (CH4) emissions from an old abandoned Danish landfill, caused by the rate of changes in barometric pressure. Two different emission quantification techniques, namely the dynamic tracer dispersion method (TDM) and the eddy covariance method (EC), were applied simultaneously and their results compared. The results showed a large spatial and temporal CH4 emission variation ranging from 0 to 100 kg h-1 and 0 to 12 μmol m-2 s-1, respectively. Landfill CH4 emissions dynamics were influenced by two environmental factors: the rate of change in barometric pressure (a strong negative correlation) and wind speed (a weak positive correlation). The relationship between CH4 emissions and the rate of change in barometric pressure was more complicated than a linear one, thereby making it difficult to estimate accurately annual CH4 emissions from a landfill based on discrete measurements. Furthermore, the results did not show any clear relationship between CH4 emissions and ambient temperature. Large seasonal variations were identified by the two methods, whereas no diurnal variability was observed throughout the investigated period. CH4 fluxes measured with the EC method were strongly correlated with emissions from the TDM method, even though no direct relationship could be established, due to the different sampling ranges of the two methods and the spatial heterogeneity of CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kissas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - A Ibrom
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - P Kjeldsen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - C Scheutz
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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15
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Ramprasad C, Teja HC, Gowtham V, Vikas V. Quantification of landfill gas emissions and energy production potential in Tirupati Municipal solid waste disposal site by LandGEM mathematical model. MethodsX 2022; 9:101869. [PMID: 36204474 PMCID: PMC9529986 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present key challenges the world is currently facing are the environmental pollution, climate change and energy crisis. The anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide due to burning of fossil fuels for energy production and other greenhouse gas emissions are considered unsustainable, and whole world is having a paradigm shift towards the renewable energy. The one of the major contributor of the greenhouse gases like methane, carbon dioxide are the municipal solid waste landfill sites. The landfill sites contains nearly 50–60% of organic contents, and they undergo anaerobic decomposition with a help microbes in the waste dumps contribute to the higher percent of methane emissions. There is now enhanced public awareness on sustainable products, and commodities usage in their daily needs, hence the global warming can be slowed down and devise an environmentally sound sustainable society. The present study aimed to provide a methodology to quantify the amount of methane and carbon-di-oxide emitted from the Tirupati municipal solid waste dumpsite using LandGEM3.02 model and empirical equation to estimate the renewable energy potential. The method provided was simple and more accurate having higher efficiency in predicting the landfill emissions and subsequently the energy potential. The study shows that the energy emission potential are maximum to the waste with a higher fraction of biodegradable organic content. Therefore, the method can be implemented in all the landfills by the policy makers to predict the methane emissions and control the greenhouse gas emissions by sequestering the methane and carbon dioxide optimally for energy production.Landfill gases are a primary constituent in greenhouse gases and has potential for energy production. The results from this study showed an abundant quantity of methane and carbon dioxide are emitted from tripathi landfill site. The study concludes that methane can be extracted and used as alternative source of sustainable energy.
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16
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Bhat RA, Singh DV, Qadri H, Dar GH, Dervash MA, Bhat SA, Unal BT, Ozturk M, Hakeem KR, Yousaf B. Vulnerability of municipal solid waste: An emerging threat to aquatic ecosystems. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132223. [PMID: 34537459 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dumping waste materials into aquatic ecosystems leads to pollution, which directly and indirectly poses a danger to all life forms. Currently, huge quantities of wastes are generated at a global scale with varying constituents, including organic fractions, emerging contaminants and toxic metals. These wastes release concentrated contaminants (leachates), which are lethal for all ecosystems around the globe because they contain varying concentrations of chemical constituents with BOD5 and COD in the order of 2 × 104-2.7 × 104 mg/L, and 3.4 × 104-3.8 × 104 mg/L, respectively. Herein, in-depth knowledge of municipal solid waste dumping into the aquatic ecosystems, changes in physicochemical characteristics, availability of in-/organic contaminants, and long-term unhealthy effects are presented. Moreover, an attempt has been made here to summarize the facts related to identifying the deadly impacts of waste on different ecosystem components. The unresolved challenges of municipal waste management are emphasized, which will help employ suitable waste management techniques and technologies to conserve the everlasting freshwater resources on earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouf Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Environment Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, India.
| | - Dig Vijay Singh
- Division of Environment Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Humaira Qadri
- Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap College, Cluster University Srinagar, India
| | - Gowhar Hamid Dar
- Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap College, Cluster University Srinagar, India
| | - Moonisa Aslam Dervash
- Division of Environment Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Shakeel Ahmad Bhat
- Division of Soil and Water Engineering, COAE&T,Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Kashmir, India
| | - Bengu Turkyilmaz Unal
- Department of Biotechnology, Arts and Science Faculty, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Munir Ozturk
- Botany Department & Centre for Environmental Studies, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, KAU, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Balal Yousaf
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and the Environments, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China; Environmental Engineering Department, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey.
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Srivastava AN, Chakma S. Dry tomb - bioreactor landfilling approach for enhanced biodegradation and biomethane generation from municipal solid waste Co-disposed with sugar mill pressmud. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 342:125895. [PMID: 34536842 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, anaerobic co-landfilling of municipal solid waste (MSW) and sugar mill pressmud (PM) was performed in four different proportions [PM:MSW] viz. 0:1 (control: BR1), 1:3 (BR2), 1:1 (BR3) and 3:1 (BR4). Efficacy assessment of Dry tomb - Bioreactor landfill (DTLF - BRLF) operation was carried out through leachate characterization and biomethane production. Leachate recirculation as a part of bioreactor operation after 194th day onwards showed promising degradation of co-wastes. Moreover, leachate decontamination and methane production were reliant on co-disposal proportions of PM and MSW. Maximum biomethane generation of 46.355L was obtained in landfill lysimeter BR3 followed by BR4 (34.680L), BR2 (24.275L) and BR1 (12.850L). Both logistic function and Gompertz growth models showed efficient fitting (R2 > 0.99) for observed methane production. This research could be a baseline study for selective operation of combined dry tomb and bioreactor landfilling at full scale in co-disposal scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek N Srivastava
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sumedha Chakma
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Knopek T, Dabrowska D. The Use of the Contamination Index and the LWPI Index to Assess the Quality of Groundwater in the Area of a Municipal Waste Landfill. TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9030066. [PMID: 33803670 PMCID: PMC8002868 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9030066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Environmental degradation caused by the migration of pollutants from landfills is one of the biggest problems for urban areas. Systematic monitoring of groundwater in the vicinity of waste dumps allows for an assessment of the degree of risk to the soil and water environment. In this paper, spatiotemporal variation of groundwater pollution near a municipal landfill in Sosnowiec (southern Poland) was investigated. For this purpose, the monitoring results of five physicochemical indicators from 2014–2019 were used. This study presents an example of the application of the Landfill Water Pollution Index (LWPI) and the Cd Contamination Index. The obtained results indicated that the tested waters were negatively influenced by municipal landfills, especially in the southern part (piezometers P8 and P10). The values of the Contamination Index even reached a value equal of about 1400, while the values of the LWPI index reached 305. Significantly lower values of both indicators were obtained using the results of monitoring studies for other piezometers located upstream from the landfill but belonging to the observation network of a neighboring facility. The indices used permit a determination of the level of groundwater contamination from the described landfill and can be used in similar research areas.
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Investigation on the Emission and Diffusion of Hydrogen Sulfide during Landfill Operations: A Case Study in Shenzhen. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13052886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the emission and diffusion of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as one of the odorous gases generated from landfills, in a municipal solid waste landfill of a south Chinese city. To this end, the flux of the H2S emissions in the working area of the landfill and its diffusion in the surrounding area were measured. The diffusion of the H2S was simulated at different wind speeds, wind directions, bare working areas of the landfill, heights of the landfill, and angles between the wind direction and the long side of the working area. The results indicated that the concentration of the H2S around the monitoring point ranged from 0 to 60 µg/m3, and the simulated data were consistent with the measured results. At a uniform wind direction, the pollution range of the H2S was narrow. Furthermore, with an increase in the height of the waste dump, the concentration of the H2S decreased in the working area but rose in the surrounding area. Notably, when the angle between the long side of the working area and the wind direction was 0°, the H2S largely spread along the extension cord of the long side of the working area. When the angle increased to 90°, the influence range of the H2S extended significantly. The working area in the landfill site should be regulated based on the monitored data to reduce the effect of this harmful gas on the living environment, and the health of the landfill staff and nearby residents.
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20
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Gonzalez-Valencia R, Magana-Rodriguez F, Martinez-Cruz K, Fochesatto GJ, Thalasso F. Spatial and temporal distribution of methane emissions from a covered landfill equipped with a gas recollection system. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 121:373-382. [PMID: 33422924 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A previously developed surface probe method, which allows for instantaneous methane (CH4) flux measurement, was used to establish CH4 emission maps of a municipal landfill with a final clay cover and equipped with a gas recollection system. In addition to spatial variations, the method was applied at 7 different times over a total timeframe of 65 h and under similar weather conditions to determine the intrinsic temporal variations of CH4 emissions; i.e., the temporal variation related to the dynamic of the landfill rather than the one driven by external factors. Furthermore, continuous CH4 fluxes, with a data acquisition frequency of 1 Hz, were measured during 12 h at a single position, and for one hour at 22 locations of the landfill, spanning a large range of CH4 emission magnitudes. A simple model for the numerical characterization of spatiotemporal variability of the landfill emission was used and allowed us to separately quantify the temporal and spatial variability. This model showed that, in the landfill tested, the temporal distribution of CH4 emissions resulted more homogeneous than the spatial distribution. Other attributes of the temporal and spatial distributions of CH4 emissions were also established including the anisotropic nature of the spatial distribution and, contrastingly, the stochastic temporal variability of such emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Gonzalez-Valencia
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Cinvestav, Mexico City D.F., Av. IPN 2508, 07360 México DF, Mexico
| | - Felipe Magana-Rodriguez
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Cinvestav, Mexico City D.F., Av. IPN 2508, 07360 México DF, Mexico
| | - Karla Martinez-Cruz
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Cinvestav, Mexico City D.F., Av. IPN 2508, 07360 México DF, Mexico
| | - Gilberto J Fochesatto
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
| | - Frederic Thalasso
- Departamento de Biotecnología y Bioingeniería, Cinvestav, Mexico City D.F., Av. IPN 2508, 07360 México DF, Mexico.
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Shi J, Shu S, Chen M, Wu X, Dong F, Zhang K. Simulation of gas-leachate pressure in various tested landfills using the differential quadrature method. WASTE MANAGEMENT & RESEARCH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOLID WASTES AND PUBLIC CLEANSING ASSOCIATION, ISWA 2020; 38:1306-1313. [PMID: 32129159 DOI: 10.1177/0734242x20908942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of solid waste in landfills results in the coupled migration of gas and leachate through the pore spaces in waste material. The existing analytical methods cannot be used to obtain a solution for the gas-leachate coupled migration problem. This study used the differential quadrature method to solve the gas and leachate phase continuity equations considering the effect of the gas-leachate coupling. The calculation results were verified based on the calculated data of previous studies. The results of the field gas collection tests and the laboratory degradation tests were fitted using the peak gas generation equation. The peak values of gas generation were found between 0.94 and 20.29 years in the field tests, and between 0.09 and 0.19 years in the laboratory tests. The gas pressure calculated by parameters fitting of the field tests and the laboratory tests were less than 1 kPa and greater than 8 kPa, respectively. Considering the gas-leachate coupling effect, the pore gas pressure in the simulated landfill increased by approximately 20%, and the peak pore gas pressure occurred slightly earlier than that without consideration of the coupling effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, China
- Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, China
| | - Shi Shu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, China
- Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, China
| | - Minghao Chen
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute (Group) Co. Ltd, China
| | - Xun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, China
- Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, China
| | - Feng Dong
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, China
- Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, China
| | - Kunyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, China
- Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, China
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Chemical Composition and Hazardous Effects of Leachate from the Active Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Surrounded by Farmlands. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12114531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Landfill leachates are potentially harmful to the environment and to human health. The objective of this study was to characterize leachates in order to analyze whether a relationship exists between the stored waste and the composition of leachates, and to detect possible leakages of pollutants into the environment. To achieve these objectives, field data, Global Positioning System data and physico-chemical data were used. Biological tests are becoming increasingly popular in determining leachate toxicity; therefore, two toxicity tests were performed with the seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and duckweed (Lemna minor L.). Leachates were sampled from the leachate pond. Groundwater quality was monitored by using drill holes. The research and analysis carried out are important to determine their potential impact on agricultural areas located near the landfill. Demonstrably increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of heavy metals were detected only in the leachate pond which closes the landfill body, where it links up with the landfill insulation layer. Water sampled from drill holes reaching into groundwater was not contaminated. The results showed that the leachates did not leak outside the landfill. Nevertheless, they were found to be phytotoxic. Both toxicity tests showed that the increasing amount of leachates resulted in the increasing growth inhibition of the tested plants. The proper handling of leachates should have been ensured.
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Abstract
Waste management (WM) is a demanding undertaking in all countries, with important implications for human health, environmental preservation, sustainability and circular economy. The method of sanitary landfilling for final disposal of waste remains a generally accepted and used method but the available scientific evidence on the waste-related environmental and health effects is not conclusive. Comparative studies of various WM methods (landfilling, incineration, composting etc.) show that among the municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment and disposal technological options, sanitary landfilling or open dumping is popular in most countries because of the relative low cost and low-technical requirement. The European Union (EU) Directive on waste landfills has introduced specific goals for reducing the volume of disposed waste and very strict requirements for landfilling and landfill sites. Evaluation of the impact of landfills on the environment is a crucial topic in the literature and has received increased attention recently, given growing environmental concerns. The main goal of this survey was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of possible impacts of MSW landfills on the environment. The main conclusion of the overall assessment of the literature is that the disposal of MSW in landfills entails a number of environmental risks but with respect to the current situation and rich style of living adopted in industrially developed countries, the idea of WM systems functioning without landfilling—at least in the foreseeable future within one generation—seems to be somewhat unreal. The results also provided important information of landfills as a source of environmental risk. Results of this research may have an important impact on landfill management and the disposal of waste. From the literature review, it is evident that even if high levels of waste avoidance, reuse and recycling are achieved, some waste materials will always need to be forwarded for disposal.
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Shu S, Zhu W, Xu H, Wang S, Fan X, Wu S, Shi J, Song J. Effect of the leachate head on the key pollutant indicator in a municipal solid waste landfill barrier system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 239:262-270. [PMID: 30903838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies of municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill barrier systems, chemical oxygen demand has been found to be the key pollutant indicator when estimating the breakthrough time for. However, the leachate head in a municipal solid waste landfill can be very high (>10 m in some Chinese landfills). The key pollutant indicator could be different at different leachate heads. The leachate head will continuously change during the use of a landfill. Different pollutants have different transport characteristics in the leachate, so it is necessary to determine whether changes in the leachate head change the key pollutant indicator for identifying breakthrough in a landfill barrier system. In this study, numerical models were used to investigate transport of common leachate pollutants through four typical landfill barrier systems with different leachate heads. Chemical oxygen demand reached the breakthrough threshold before the other pollutants, irrespective of (1) the leachate head and (2) changes in the leachate head. It was therefore clear that the leachate head did not affect the selection of the key pollutant indicator for identifying breakthrough in a landfill barrier system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Shu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China; Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Haoqing Xu
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, 212003, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengwei Wang
- College of Civil Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Xihui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China; Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Silin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China; Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Jianyong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China; Jiangsu Research Center for Geotechnical Engineering Technology, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Jie Song
- Hangzhou Ruhr Technology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, 311100, China
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Owusu-Nimo F, Oduro-Kwarteng S, Essandoh H, Wayo F, Shamudeen M. Characteristics and management of landfill solid waste in Kumasi, Ghana. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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26
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Yang F, Li Y, Han Y, Qian W, Li G, Luo W. Performance of mature compost to control gaseous emissions in kitchen waste composting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 657:262-269. [PMID: 30543975 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the performance of mature compost to mitigate gaseous emissions during kitchen waste composting. Cornstalk was mixed with kitchen waste at a ratio of 3:17 (wet weight) as the bulking agent. Mature compost (10% of raw composting materials on the wet weight basis) was mixed into or covered on the composting pile. A control treatment without any addition of mature compost was conducted for comparison. Results show that mature compost did not significantly affect the composting process. Nevertheless, gaseous emissions during kitchen waste composting were considerably reduced with the addition of mature compost. In particular, mixing mature compost with raw composting materials reduced ammonia, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions by 58.0%, 44.8%, and 73.6%, respectively. As a result, nitrogen could be conserved to increase nutrient contents and germination index of the compost product. Furthermore, the total greenhouse gas emissions during kitchen waste composting were reduced by 69.2% with the mixture of mature composting. By contrast, a lower reduction in gaseous emissions was observed when the same amount of mature compost was covered on the composting pile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Yun Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuhua Han
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Wentao Qian
- Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Guoxue Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Wenhai Luo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Farmland Soil Pollution Prevention and Remediation, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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Zheng QT, Rowe RK, Feng SJ. Recovery response of vertical gas wells in non-homogeneous landfills. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 83:33-45. [PMID: 30514469 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A two-dimensional axisymmetric and normalized analytical model for landfill gas (LFG) migration around a vertical well is developed. The vertical gas permeability and LFG generation rate of waste are assumed to be subject to exponential decreases with depth. Using a general analytical solution, over 500,000 scenarios involving a combination of typical control variables (viz: cover properties, waste properties, vacuum pressure, well radius and spacing) are modelled. A quantitative analysis of the coupled effects of these control variables on LFG recovery rate indicates that the recovery response could be captured by: (a) three dimensionless variables (denoted as cover resistance, pump capacity, and well spacing parameters), and (b) two constants defining the decreases in gas permeability and LFG generation of waste with depth. For example, if the LFG generation rate of the waste at the top is doubled, a two times increase in the vacuum pressure with other parameters being equal would give a same gas recovery rate, as well as simultaneously doubling the thickness and gas permeability of the cover. The recovery efficiency of a vertical well with a low permeability cover is examined as a function of cover resistance and pump capacity, and design charts are presented that may be used to optimize gas recovery by adjusting cover properties and vacuum pressure. The proposed model makes it possible to consider the waste non-homogeneity in the design process, and the results contribute to a preliminary design of a cover and vertical LFG collection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Teng Zheng
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; GeoEngineering Centre at Queen's-RMC, Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - R Kerry Rowe
- GeoEngineering Centre at Queen's-RMC, Department of Civil Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Shi-Jin Feng
- Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
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