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Bateman IJ, Anderson K, Argles A, Belcher C, Betts RA, Binner A, Brazier RE, Cho FHT, Collins RM, Day BH, Duran‐Rojas C, Eisenbarth S, Gannon K, Gatis N, Groom B, Hails R, Harper AB, Harwood A, Hastings A, Heard MS, Hill TC, Inman A, Lee CF, Luscombe DJ, MacKenzie AR, Mancini MC, Morison JIL, Morris A, Quine CP, Snowdon P, Tyler CR, Vanguelova EI, Wilkinson M, Williamson D, Xenakis G. A review of planting principles to identify the right place for the right tree for ‘net zero plus’ woodlands: Applying a place‐based natural capital framework for sustainable, efficient and equitable (
SEE
) decisions. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Bateman
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Karen Anderson
- Environment and Sustainability Institute University of Exeter, Penryn Campus Cornwall UK
| | - Arthur Argles
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Claire Belcher
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Richard A. Betts
- University of Exeter Global Systems Institute Exeter UK
- Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter UK
| | - Amy Binner
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Richard E. Brazier
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Frankie H. T. Cho
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Rebecca M. Collins
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Brett H. Day
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Carolina Duran‐Rojas
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Sabrina Eisenbarth
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Kate Gannon
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Naomi Gatis
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Ben Groom
- Dragon Capital Chair in Biodiversity Economics, Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | | | - Anna B. Harper
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Amii Harwood
- Centre for Social and Economic Research on the Global Environment (CSERGE), School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - Astley Hastings
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Science University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | | | - Timothy C. Hill
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Alex Inman
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - Christopher F. Lee
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | - David J. Luscombe
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | - Angus R. MacKenzie
- Director, Birmingham Institute of Forest Research, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
| | - Mattia C. Mancini
- Land, Environment, Economics and Policy Institute (LEEP), Department of Economics University of Exeter Business School Exeter UK
| | | | - Aaron Morris
- Forest Research, Northern Research Station Roslin UK
| | | | - Pat Snowdon
- Head of Economics and Woodland Carbon Code, Scottish Forestry Edinburgh UK
| | - Charles R. Tyler
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
| | | | | | - Daniel Williamson
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences University of Exeter Exeter UK
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Naeem MA, Conlon T, Cotter J. Green bonds and other assets: Evidence from extreme risk transmission. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 305:114358. [PMID: 34974217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Green bonds (GB) are gaining a prominent role in sustainable development because of their ability to fund environment-friendly projects. This study aims to investigate if investors can benefit from the risk diversification properties of including GB with other assets, particularly within the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. To do so, we utilize a quantile-connectedness approach to examine a set of GB and traditional assets, i.e., commodities, stocks, and bonds, from 2008 to 2020. We find higher total time-varying risk spillovers during extreme high volatility periods than those with average and low volatility. For pairwise risk spillovers, GB offers more diversification opportunities when volatility is very low. Nevertheless, the diversification benefits increase during the COVID period. The strong bidirectional risk spillovers between GB and conventional bonds imply that GB can be considered a good alternative to traditional bonds while benefiting from their diversification potential, particularly with energy and agriculture. Our findings are useful for investors wishing to implement green diversification portfolio strategies in extreme volatility periods and act as an encouragement to policymakers to establish efficient policies to promote green finance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Abubakr Naeem
- Accounting and Finance Department, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates; South Ural State University, Lenin Prospect 76, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation; Smurfit Graduate School of Business, University College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Thomas Conlon
- Smurfit Graduate School of Business, University College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - John Cotter
- Smurfit Graduate School of Business, University College Dublin, Ireland.
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4
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Environmental risk in an age of biotic impoverishment. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R1164-R1169. [PMID: 34637723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The science underpinning biodiversity's importance to human well-being seems to be taken up little by environmental decision makers. Since the 1950s, ecological, evolutionary and environmental research has pointed to the importance of biodiversity as a significant factor influencing the stability and functioning of population, community, eco- and Earth-systems and the environmental services they provide. Despite its prominence and the tremendous contributions to our understanding of the natural world, this field of research, which we term 'bio-functional ecology', seems not to have had the impact it should. Biotic impoverishment, the loss of biodiversity across all scales and across all taxa, continues to worsen. We suggest that redirecting ecology's emphasis on ecological stability to a focus on environmental risk could help bring bio-functional ecology research more into the environmental arena. Rather than managing biodiversity as an agent of ecological stability, biodiversity could be managed as a natural capital asset in a portfolio of social, human, produced and financial capital assets. This would allow using portfolio theory to identify options for minimizing environmental risk while ensuring human well-being. In this essay, we argue that environmental risk more accurately captures people's motivation to preserve and manage biodiversity than does ecological stability. This redirection from stability to risk may provide greater clarity for decision makers and people in general as to why biodiversity is fundamentally linked to human well-being. In doing so, we can help curb the currently unabated spread of biotic impoverishment across the biosphere.
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5
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Tanner SJ, Escobedo FJ, Soto JR. Recognizing the insurance value of resilience: Evidence from a forest restoration policy in the southeastern U.S. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 289:112442. [PMID: 33823417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The long-term supply of ecosystem services is dependent on properly functioning ecosystems and their susceptibility to natural and anthropogenic disturbances such as climate change and urbanization, as they can alter ecosystem structure and function. Forest function is not static, but rather a risky asset that fluctuates and can decrease as a result of forest disturbance. Therefore, concepts such as resilience and insurance value as well effective policy formulation, management, and restoration are key to maintaining these benefits. This study estimates the insurance value that the public places on a policy that promotes restoration for increased resilience and ecosystem services using binary choice (BC) and best-worst scaling (BWS) models to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) and to vote for the restoration of longleaf pine (LLP) forests in the southeastern United States. Our BWS findings indicate that respondents seemed to only prefer programs with low risk of forest damage and lower monthly costs, while BC models show that low and moderate risk programs increased the likelihood of voting for them and that excellent wildlife habitat was also highly valued by our respondents. Positive attitudes towards the environment also positively influence voting for forest restoration programs. Findings contribute to an emerging body of literature on social-ecological systems and how the voting public conceptualizes trade-offs among ecosystem services, insurance value, and resilience. Results may help assess the use and incorporation of concepts such as resilience, ecosystem services, and insurance value in restoration, environmental, fire management, and climate change-related policy instruments and programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia J Tanner
- USDA Economic Research Service, Kansas City, MO, 64105, USA.
| | - Francisco J Escobedo
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - José R Soto
- University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources and the Environment, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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7
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Knoke T, Paul C, Rammig A, Gosling E, Hildebrandt P, Härtl F, Peters T, Richter M, Diertl KH, Castro LM, Calvas B, Ochoa S, Valle-Carrión LA, Hamer U, Tischer A, Potthast K, Windhorst D, Homeier J, Wilcke W, Velescu A, Gerique A, Pohle P, Adams J, Breuer L, Mosandl R, Beck E, Weber M, Stimm B, Silva B, Verburg PH, Bendix J. Accounting for multiple ecosystem services in a simulation of land-use decisions: Does it reduce tropical deforestation? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:2403-2420. [PMID: 31957121 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Conversion of tropical forests is among the primary causes of global environmental change. The loss of their important environmental services has prompted calls to integrate ecosystem services (ES) in addition to socio-economic objectives in decision-making. To test the effect of accounting for both ES and socio-economic objectives in land-use decisions, we develop a new dynamic approach to model deforestation scenarios for tropical mountain forests. We integrate multi-objective optimization of land allocation with an innovative approach to consider uncertainty spaces for each objective. These uncertainty spaces account for potential variability among decision-makers, who may have different expectations about the future. When optimizing only socio-economic objectives, the model continues the past trend in deforestation (1975-2015) in the projected land-use allocation (2015-2070). Based on indicators for biomass production, carbon storage, climate and water regulation, and soil quality, we show that considering multiple ES in addition to the socio-economic objectives has heterogeneous effects on land-use allocation. It saves some natural forest if the natural forest share is below 38%, and can stop deforestation once the natural forest share drops below 10%. For landscapes with high shares of forest (38%-80% in our study), accounting for multiple ES under high uncertainty of their indicators may, however, accelerate deforestation. For such multifunctional landscapes, two main effects prevail: (a) accelerated expansion of diversified non-natural areas to elevate the levels of the indicators and (b) increased landscape diversification to maintain multiple ES, reducing the proportion of natural forest. Only when accounting for vascular plant species richness as an explicit objective in the optimization, deforestation was consistently reduced. Aiming for multifunctional landscapes may therefore conflict with the aim of reducing deforestation, which we can quantify here for the first time. Our findings are relevant for identifying types of landscapes where this conflict may arise and to better align respective policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Knoke
- Institute of Forest Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Carola Paul
- Institute of Forest Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Forest Economics and Sustainable Land-use Planning, Georg-August University Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anja Rammig
- Professorship for Land Surface-Atmosphere Interactions, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Elizabeth Gosling
- Institute of Forest Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Patrick Hildebrandt
- Institute of Forest Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute of Silviculture, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Fabian Härtl
- Institute of Forest Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Thorsten Peters
- Institute of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Richter
- Institute of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Karl-Heinz Diertl
- Institute of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luz Maria Castro
- Institute of Forest Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Economics, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Baltazar Calvas
- Institute of Forest Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Economics, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ciencias Pecuarias, Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, Quevedo, Ecuador
| | - Santiago Ochoa
- Institute of Forest Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Economics, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Liz Anabelle Valle-Carrión
- Institute of Forest Management, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Department of Economics, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Ute Hamer
- Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alexander Tischer
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Karin Potthast
- Institute of Geography, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - David Windhorst
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Homeier
- Plant Ecology and Ecosystems Research, University of Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wilcke
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andre Velescu
- Institute of Geography and Geoecology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andres Gerique
- Institute of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Perdita Pohle
- Institute of Geography, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Julia Adams
- Department of Plant Physiology and Bayreuth Centre of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Lutz Breuer
- Institute for Landscape Ecology and Resources Management, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Centre for International Development and Environmental Research (ZEU), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Mosandl
- Institute of Silviculture, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Erwin Beck
- Department of Plant Physiology and Bayreuth Centre of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Michael Weber
- Institute of Silviculture, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Bernd Stimm
- Institute of Silviculture, TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Brenner Silva
- Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing (LCRS), Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Peter H Verburg
- Department of Environmental Geography, Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jörg Bendix
- Laboratory for Climatology and Remote Sensing (LCRS), Faculty of Geography, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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