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Feng ZT, Xiong JB, Wang GF, Li L, Zhou CF, Zhou CH, Huang HJ. Treatment of swine manure by hydrothermal carbonization: The influential effect and preliminary mechanism of surfactants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174233. [PMID: 38936726 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Treatment of swine manure by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) with the aid of different surfactants was first explored in this study. PEG 400 (polyethylene glycol 400) and Tween 80 facilitated the formation of bio-oil. SLS (sodium lignosulfonate) and SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) promoted the formation of water-soluble matters/gases. Span 80 enhanced the formation of hydrochar, which resulted in a 50.19 % mass yield, 92.39 % energy yield, and a caloric value of 28.68 MJ/kg. The hydrochar obtained with Span 80 presented a similar combustion performance to raw swine manure and the best pyrolysis performance. The use of Span 80 promoted the transfer of degradation products to hydrochar, especially hydrophobic ester and ketone compounds. Notedly, Span 80 suppressed the synthesis of PAHs during the HTC process, which was reduced to 0.92 mg/kg. Furthermore, the hydrochar produced with Span 80 contained lower contents of heavy metals. On the whole, Span 80 has shown great potential in enhancing the HTC of swine manure. The acting mechanisms of surfactants in the HTC of swine manure included adsorption, dispersion, and electrostatics repulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Tian Feng
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Jiang-Bo Xiong
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Guo-Feng Wang
- Jiangxi Academy of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Chun-Fei Zhou
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China; School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Chun-Huo Zhou
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China
| | - Hua-Jun Huang
- School of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, PR China.
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Lee G, Jang SE, Jeong WG, Tsang YF, Baek K. Stabilization mechanism and long-term stability of endogenous heavy metals in manure-derived biochar. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 948:174801. [PMID: 39009162 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Pyrolysis has been proposed to stabilize heavy metals present in livestock manure. However, many studies have not considered the applicability of manure-derived biochar containing endogenous heavy metals as an agricultural fertilizer. This study investigated the mechanisms through which pyrolysis stabilizes endogenous heavy metals in swine manure and the long-term stability of endogenous heavy metals in the biochar. As pyrolysis temperature increased from 300 °C to 700 °C, the potential ecological risk index decreased from 46.3 to 4.8 because the unstable fraction converted to organic-sulfide bonds and residues. Biochar prepared at 600 °C was the most stable and met the World Health Organization's phyto-availability standards (Cu 10 mg/kg, Zn 0.6 mg/kg). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses indicated that endogenous heavy metals were stabilized by complexation with organic matter and precipitated as metal-phosphate forms. After 40 cycles of wet-dry aging, the leachability of heavy metals (Cu 6.0 mg/kg, Zn 460.6 mg/kg) from biochar was still lower than that of swine manure (Cu 102.5 mg/kg and Zn 704.9 mg/kg), indicating the long-term stability of the heavy metals in the biochar. Pyrolysis dramatically lowered the environmental threat posed by endogenous heavy metals, demonstrating the applicability of swine manure-derived biochar compared to manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabeen Lee
- Department of Environment and Energy & Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Science and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Se-Eun Jang
- Department of Environment and Energy & Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Gune Jeong
- Department of Environment and Energy & Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yiu Fai Tsang
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, The Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, New Territories 999077, Hong Kong.
| | - Kitae Baek
- Department of Environment and Energy & Soil Environment Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin, Jeonju, Jeollabukdo 54896, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Huang J, Tan X, Xie Y, Wu X, Dahn SL, Duan Z, Ali I, Cao J, Ruan Y. A new approach to explore and assess the sustainable remediation of chromium-contaminated wastewater by biochar based on 3E model. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141600. [PMID: 38458355 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
As a cost-effective material, biochar, known as 'black gold', has been widely used for environmental applications (EA), including chromium-contaminated wastewater remediation. However, limited reports focused on the multiple impacts of biochar, including energy consumption (EC) and environmental risk (ER). Hence, to recommend biochar as a green material for sustainable development, the three critical units were explored and quantitatively assessed based on an adapted 3E model (EA-EC-ER). The tested biochar was produced by limited-oxygen pyrolysis at 400-700 °C by using three typical biomasses (Ulva prolifera, phoenix tree, and municipal sludge), and the optimal operational modulus of the 3E model was identified using six key indicators. The findings revealed a significant positive correlation between EC and biochar yield (p < 0.05). The biochar produced by phoenix tree consumed more energy due to having higher content of unstable carbon fractions. Further, high-temperature and low-temperature biochar demonstrated different chromium removal mechanisms. Notably, the biochar produced at low temperature (400 °C) achieved better EA due to having high removal capacity and stability. Regarding ER, pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C could effectively stabilize the ecological risk in all biochar and the biochar produced by Ulva prolifera depicted the greatest reduction (37-fold). However, the increase in pyrolysis temperature would lead to an increase in global warming potential by nearly 22 times. Finally, the 3E model disclosed that the biochar produced by Ulva prolifera at 500 °C with low EC, high EA, and low ER had the most positive recommendation index (+78%). Importantly, a rapid assessment methodology was established by extracting parameters from the correlation. Based on this methodology, about eight percent of biochar can be the highest recommended from more than 100 collected peer-related data. Overall, the obtained findings highlighted that the multiple impacts of biochar should be considered to efficiently advance global sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China.
| | - Yue Xie
- Anhui Province Agricultural Waste Fertilizer Utilization and Cultivated Land Quality Improvement Engineering Research Center, Chuzhou, 233100, China
| | - Xiaoge Wu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Stephen L Dahn
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Zhipeng Duan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Imran Ali
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Jun Cao
- National Engineering Research Center of Water Resources Efficient Utilization and Engineering Safety, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210098, China
| | - Yinlan Ruan
- Institute for Photonics and Advanced Sensing, The University of Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
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Ipiales RP, Sarrion A, Diaz E, de la Rubia MA, Diaz-Portuondo E, Coronella CJ, Mohedano AF. Swine manure management by hydrothermal carbonization: Comparative study of batch and continuous operation. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 245:118062. [PMID: 38157959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.118062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is considered a promising technology for biomass waste management without pre-drying. This study explores the potential for swine manure management by comparing batch and continuous processes, emphasizing the benefits of the continuous mode, particularly for its potential full-scale application. The continuous process at low temperature (180 °C) resulted in a hydrochar with a lower degree of carbonization compared to the batch process, but similar characteristics were found in both hydrochars at higher operating temperatures (230-250 °C), such as C content (∼ 52 wt%), fixed carbon (∼ 24 wt%) and higher calorific value (21 MJ kg-1). Thermogravimetric and combustion analyses showed that hydrochars exhibited characteristics suitable as solid biofuels for industrial use. The process water showed a high content of organic matter as soluble chemical oxygen demand (7-22 g L-1) and total organic carbon (4-10 g L-1), although a high amount of refractory species such as N- and O-containing long aromatic compounds were detected in the process water from the batch process, while the process water from the continuous process presented more easily biodegradable compounds such as acids and alcohols, among others. The longer time required to reach operating temperature in the case of the batch system (longer heating time to reach operating temperature) resulted in lower H/C and O/C ratios compared to hydrochar from the continuous process. This indicates that the dehydration and decarboxylation reactions of the feedstock play a more important role in the batch process. This study shows the efficiency of the continuous process to obtain carbonaceous materials suitable for use as biofuel, providing a solution for swine manure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ipiales
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain; Arquimea-Agrotech, 28400, Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Sarrion
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - E Diaz
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - M A de la Rubia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Charles J Coronella
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, 89557, Nevada, United States
| | - A F Mohedano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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Zheng X, Zou D, Wu Q, Zhang L, Tang J, Liu F, Xiao Z. Speciation, leachability, and phytoaccessibility of heavy metals during thermochemical liquefaction of contaminated peanut straw. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 176:20-29. [PMID: 38246074 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the speciation, leachability, phytoaccessibility, and environmental risks of heavy metals (Cd, Zn, and Cu) during liquefaction of contaminated peanut straw in ethanol at different temperatures (220, 260, 300, 340, and 380 °C) were comprehensively investigated. The results showed that elevated temperatures facilitated heavy metal accumulation in the biochar. The acid-soluble/exchangeable and reducible fraction percentages of heavy metals were substantially reduced in the biochar after liquefaction as the temperature increased, and the oxidizable fraction became the dominant heavy metal fraction, accounting for 44.14-78.67%. Furthermore, although an excessively high liquefaction temperature (380 °C) increased the residual fraction percentages of Zn and Cu, it was detrimental to Cd immobilization. The acid-soluble/exchangeable Cd in the contaminated peanut straw readily migrates to the bio-oil during liquefaction, with the highest concentration of 1.60 mg/kg at 260 °C liquefaction temperature, whereas Zn and Cu are predominantly bound to the unexchangeable fraction in the bio-oil. Liquefaction inhibited heavy metal leachability and phytoaccessibility in biochar, the lowest extraction rates of Cd, Zn, and Cu were 0.71%, 1.66% and 0.95% by diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid, respectively. However, the leaching and extraction concentrations increased when the temperature was raised to 380 °C. Additionally, heavy metal risk was reduced from medium and high risk to no and low risk. In summary, liquefaction reduces heavy metal toxicity and the risks associated with contaminated peanut straw, and a temperature range of 300-340 °C for ethanol liquefaction can be considered optimal for stabilizing heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Zheng
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Qingdan Wu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Liqing Zhang
- Moutai Institute, Renhuai, Guizhou 564507, PR China
| | - Jialong Tang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China
| | - Fen Liu
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China; College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China
| | - Zhihua Xiao
- College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, PR China; Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha 410128, PR China.
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6
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Sun Z, Li J, Wang X, Xia S, Zhao J. Enhanced heavy metal stabilization and phosphorus retention during the hydrothermal carbonization of swine manure by in-situ formation of MgFe 2O 4. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 174:96-105. [PMID: 38039939 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization is an efficient technique for the disposal of livestock manure, enabling its harmless treatment, quantity reduction, and resourceful utilization. Co-hydrothermal of modified materials facilitates the production of more valuable carbonaceous materials. However, further exploration is needed to understand their potential impact on the environmental risks associated with livestock manure disposal and the application of products derived from it. Therefore, the carbonization degree, heavy metals stabilization, and phosphorus retention during the hydrothermal treatment of swine manure were systematically investigated in this study under the influence of in-situ formed MgFe2O4. The results revealed that the in-situ formation of MgFe2O4 improved the dehydration and decarboxylation of organic components in swine manure, thereby improving its carbonization degree. Furthermore, both hydrothermal carbonization and MgFe2O4 modified hydrothermal carbonization resulted in an enhanced stabilization of heavy metals, leading to a significant reduction in their soluble/exchangeable fraction and reducible fraction. Phosphorus was predominantly retained in the hydrochars, with the highest retention rate reaching 88%, attributed to the significant decrease in soluble and exchangeable phosphorus fractions facilitated by the in-situ formation of MgFe2O4. Moreover, MgFe2O4 modified hydrochars exhibited remarkable adsorption capacity for Pb(II) and Cu(II) without any leaching of heavy metals. Overall, the findings indicated that the in-situ formation of MgFe2O4 positively influenced the hydrothermal of swine manure, improving certain economic benefits in its practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Shanghai Investigation, Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Shanghai 200050, PR China; YANGTZE Eco Environment Engineering Research Center, China Three Gorges Corporation, Beijing 100038, PR China
| | - Xuejiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Li S, Ji B, Zhang W. A review on the thermochemical treatments of biomass: Implications for hydrochar production and rare earth element recovery from hyperaccumulators. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140140. [PMID: 37709067 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytomining is a promising method that employs hyperaccumulators to concentrate metals from various substrates. Many studies on phytomining have been reported in the literature, while how to recover metals from hyperaccumulators has not been well resolved, which is critical for developing a complete phytomining-based metal recovery process. The most straightforward approach is to combust hyperaccumulators and recover metals from the combustion residue. However, the combustion process results in significant waste and carbon emissions. In contrast to combustion, thermochemical treatments can convert the biomass of hyperaccumulators to valuable products, such as biochar, hydrochar, biocrudes, and biogas. Therefore, it is more sustainable to develop a process that combines thermochemical treatments for metal recovery from hyperaccumulators. To achieve this objective, a systematic and comprehensive understanding of product characteristics and metal fate during thermochemical processing is required. In this article, three emerging thermochemical technologies, i.e., microwave-assisted pyrolysis, hydrothermal processing, and microwave-assisted hydrothermal treatment, are systematically reviewed in terms of conversion mechanisms, merits, demerits, product characteristics, and metal fate. Significant findings reported in the literature on the effects of operating parameters on product characteristics and metal fate during thermochemical treatment of waste biomass, especially those from hyperaccumulators, were summarized. Due to limited studies on thermochemical treatments of rare earth element hyperaccumulators, this review is expanded to include hyperaccumulators of any metal species. Based on comparisons among the three emerging thermochemical treatment technologies, microwave-assisted hydrothermal pyrolysis is identified as the most promising approach that favors carbon product obtainment and REE recovery from hyperaccumulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Li
- Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Bin Ji
- Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Wencai Zhang
- Department of Mining and Minerals Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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Xu R, Wang YN, Li S, Sun Y, Gao Y, Guo L, Wang H. Effective Cr(VI) reduction and immobilization in chromite ore processing residue (COPR) contaminated soils by ferrous sulfate and digestate: A comparative investigation with typical reducing agents. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 265:115522. [PMID: 37769582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical reduction combined with microbial stabilization is a green and efficient method for the remediation of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) contaminated soil. In this study, the combination of ferrous sulfate with kitchen waste digestate was applied to reduce and immobilize Cr(VI) in chromite ore processing residue (COPR) contaminated soils, and systematically evaluated the remediation performance of Cr(VI) compared with several typical reducing agents (i.e., ferrous sulfate, zero valent iron, sodium thiosulfate, ferrous sulfide, and calcium polysulfide). The results showed that the combination of ferrous sulfate and digestate had superior advantages of a lower dosage of reducing agent and a long-term remediation effect compared to other single chemical reductants. Under an Fe(II):Cr(VI) molar ratio of 3:1% and 4% digestate (wt), the content of Cr(VI) in the soil decreased to 5.07 mg/kg after 60 days of remediation. Meanwhile, the leaching concentrations of Cr(VI) were below detection limit, which can meet the hazardous waste toxicity leaching standard. The risk level of Cr pollution was decreased from very high risk to low risk. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results further demonstrated that the combined treatments were beneficial to Cr(VI) reduction and stabilization. The abundance of bacteria with Cr(VI) reducing ability was higher than other treatments. Moreover, the high abundance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in the combined treatments demonstrated that the addition of digestate was beneficial to the recovery and flourishing of Cr(VI)-reducing related microorganisms in COPR contaminated soils. This work provided an alternative way on Cr(VI) remediation in COPR contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Ya-Nan Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.
| | - Shupeng Li
- Beijing Construction Engineering Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Safety Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yingjie Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Ying Gao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China
| | - Lili Guo
- Beijing Construction Engineering Environmental Remediation Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China; National Engineering Laboratory for Safety Remediation of Contaminated Sites, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Huawei Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China.
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Ipiales RP, Mohedano AF, Diaz-Portuondo E, Diaz E, de la Rubia MA. Co-hydrothermal carbonization of swine manure and lignocellulosic waste: A new strategy for the integral valorization of biomass wastes. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:267-275. [PMID: 37481937 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Co-hydrothermal carbonization (co-HTC) is a promising strategy to improve hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of low-quality wastes. HTC of swine manure (SM), with high N (2.9 wt%), S (0.7 wt%) and ash (22.6 wt%) contents, as well as low C (35.6 wt%) and higher heating value (HHV; 14.3 MJ kg-1), resulted in a hydrochar with unsuitable characteristics as a solid fuel. Co-HTC of SM and garden and park waste (GPW) improved hydrochar properties (C content (43 - 48 wt%) and HHV (18 - 20 MJ kg-1), and decreased N (∼2 wt%), S (<0.3 wt%) and ash (<15 wt%) content. A high GPW ratio (>50 wt%) during co-HTC resulted in a hydrochar similar to that obtained from GPW. The co-HTC increased nutrient migration to the process water, which allowed the precipitation of salt with high P (7.8 wt%) and negligible heavy metal content. Anaerobic digestion of co-HTC process water allowed high organic matter removal (up to 65%), and methane production (315 - 325 mL CH4 g-1CODadded). Gross energy recovery by HTC and anaerobic digestion was 5 - 6-fold higher than anaerobic treatment of feedstocks. Therefore, co-HTC of SM and GPW with a ratio > 50% GPW proved to be a suitable approach to valorize and manage SM and obtain value-added products (hydrochar, mineral fertilizer and methane).
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Ipiales
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain; Arquimea-Agrotech, 28400 Collado Villalba, Madrid, Spain
| | - A F Mohedano
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - E Diaz
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - M A de la Rubia
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Giwa AS, Maurice NJ, Luoyan A, Liu X, Yunlong Y, Hong Z. Advances in sewage sludge application and treatment: Process integration of plasma pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion with the resource recovery. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19765. [PMID: 37809742 PMCID: PMC10559074 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) is an environmental issue due to its high organic content and ability to release hazardous substances. Most of the treatments available are biological, thermal hydrolysis, mechanical (ultrasound, high pressure, and lysis), chemical with oxidation (mainly ozonation), and alkali pre-treatments. Other treatment methods include landfill, wet oxidation, composting, drying, stabilization, incineration, pyrolysis, carbonization, liquefaction, gasification, and torrefaction. Some of these SS disposal methods damage the ecosystem and underutilize the potential resource value of SS. These challenges must be overcome with an innovative technique for the improvement of SS's nutritional value, energy content, and usability. This review proposes plasma pyrolysis and anaerobic digestion (AD) as promising SS treatment technologies. Plasma pyrolysis pre-treats SS to make it digestible by AD bacteria and immobilizes the heavy metals. The addition of Char to the upstream AD process increases the quantity and quality of biogas produced while enhancing the nutrients in the digestate. These two processes are integrated at high temperatures, thus creating concerns about their energy demand. These challenges are offset by the generated energy that can run the treatment plant or be sold to the grid, generating additional cash. Plasma pyrolysis wastes can also be converted into biochar, organic fertilizer, or soil conditioner. These combined technologies' financial sustainability depends on the treatment facility's circumstances and location. Plasma pyrolysis and AD can treat SS sustainably and provide nutrients and resources. This paper explains the co-process treatment route's techno-economic prospects, challenges, and recommendations for the future application of SS valorization and resource recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmoseen Segun Giwa
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, China
| | | | - Ai Luoyan
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, China
| | - Yang Yunlong
- School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Nanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang, 330108, China
| | - Zhao Hong
- Jiangxi Transportation Institute Company Limited, China
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Liu S, Zhang X, Wang W, Wang Z, Zhao X, Mao Y, Sun J, Song Z. Alkaline etched hydrochar-based magnetic adsorbents produced from pharmaceutical industry waste for organic dye removal. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:65631-65645. [PMID: 37086324 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26955-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of pharmaceutical industry waste (PIW) was inevitably produced every year, and the PIW can be degraded by high temperature reaction to form porous structures. The study proposed an innovative pathway to valorize PIW with hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) coupled with alkali etching (AE). Without adding any additives, magnetic hydrochar could be generated with rough surface topography and suitable specific surface area (SBET) by this method. Effects of HTC conditions and alkaline solution concentrations on the physicochemical and adsorption properties of PIW were investigated, and adsorption mechanism was explored. Based on evaluations of the magnetism, cyclic regeneration, and heavy metal leaching properties of the products, the feasibility of preparing magnetic adsorbents with solid waste by HTC coupled AE was established. The alkaline etching pharmaceutical industry waste (AEPIW) hydrochar showed the highest SBET (54.64 m2/g) after the PIW was treated by 260 °C for 2 h plus 1 mol/L KOH. The removal rate of methylene blue (MB) could exceed 90% and the saturated magnetization was ~8 emu/g. The proposed new method was able to convert the low-value solid industrial waste into high-performance hydrochar-based magnetic adsorbents, which was tested to have a capability to efficiently and sustainably remove organic pollutants from water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions From Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road, No. 17923, Jinan, 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions From Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road, No. 17923, Jinan, 250061, Shandong, China.
| | - Wenlong Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions From Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road, No. 17923, Jinan, 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Ziliang Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions From Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road, No. 17923, Jinan, 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Xiqiang Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions From Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road, No. 17923, Jinan, 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Yanpeng Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions From Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road, No. 17923, Jinan, 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Jing Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions From Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road, No. 17923, Jinan, 250061, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanlong Song
- National Engineering Laboratory for Reducing Emissions From Coal Combustion, Engineering Research Center of Environmental Thermal Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jingshi Road, No. 17923, Jinan, 250061, Shandong, China
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12
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Gajera ZR, Mungray AA, Rene ER, Mungray AK. Hydrothermal carbonization of cow dung with human urine as a solvent for hydrochar: An experimental and kinetic study. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 327:116854. [PMID: 36455439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) is the most cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and efficient physicochemical and biochemical process for converting biomass to products with added value. The objective and novelty of this work is to produce and investigate the qualities of hydrochar fuel (as a solid fuel) from cow manure using human urine as a solvent in order to find a suitable replacement for conventional fuel (i.e., coal). HTC based studies were conducted in batch, at three different reaction temperatures (180 °C, 200 °C, and 220 °C) and two different reaction periods (2 and 4 h). For kinetic analysis and reaction mechanism of the combustion behavior of the produced hydrochar, the model free kinetic methods and the z-master plot were used. From the model free kinetics methods, it was observed that the resultant optimum average activation energy and pre-exponential factor for the produced hydrochar at 180 °C and 2 h reaction period (HTC_180_2) were ∼120 kJ/mol and ∼5.59 × 1025 sec-1, respectively. In addition, the little variation between ΔEα and ΔHα (∼10 kJ/mol) suggests that the combustion of produced hydrochar (HTC_180_2) occurred with minimal energy use. Furthermore, the hydrochar exhibited its highest heating value at 200 °C for 4 h (HTC_200_4) which was 1.44 times higher than the raw dung (13.4 MJ/kg) due to the HTC process. The produced hydrochar demonstrated a significant improvement compared to the conventional solvent, i.e. water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zavin R Gajera
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Alka A Mungray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India
| | - Eldon R Rene
- Department of Water Supply, Sanitation and Environmental Engineering, IHE Delft Institute for Water Education, Westvest 7, 2611AX, Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Arvind Kumar Mungray
- Department of Chemical Engineering, S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395007, Gujarat, India.
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13
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Song H, Zhou J, He S, Ma Q, Peng L, Yin M, Lin H, Zeng Q. Efficient Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Sunflower Straw by an Acid-Assisted Hydrothermal Process. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1311. [PMID: 36674067 PMCID: PMC9858727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The removal of heavy metals is crucial to the utilization of contaminated biomass resources. In this study, we report an efficient process of hydrothermal conversion (HTC) of sunflower straw (Helianthus annuus L.) to remove heavy metals. The effect of different HTC temperatures and concentrations of HCl additives on heavy metal removal efficiency was investigated. The results revealed that increasing the temperature or concentration of HCl promoted the transfer of heavy metals from hydrochar to liquid products during HTC. The heavy metals removed to the liquid products included up to 99% of Zn and Cd, 94% of Cu, and 87% of Pb after hydrothermal conversion with a temperature of 200 °C and HCl 2%. The species of heavy metals in hydrochars converted from unstable to stable with an increase in temperature from 160 °C to 280 °C. The stable fractions of heavy metals in the acidic condition decreased as the acid concentration increased. This aligns well with the high transfer efficiency of heavy metals from the solid phase to the liquid phase under acidic conditions. The FTIR indicated that the carboxy and hydroxy groups decreased significantly as the temperature increased and the concentration of HCl increased, which promoted the degradation of sunflower straw. A scan electron microscope showed that the deepening of the destruction of the initial microstructure promotes the transfer of heavy metals from hydrochars to liquid phase products. This acid-assisted hydrothermal process is an efficient method to treat biomass containing heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Song
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Department of Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shilong He
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qiao Ma
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Liang Peng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Miaogen Yin
- Department of Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Hui Lin
- Department of Materials Science, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Qingru Zeng
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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14
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Qiu J, Fernandes de Souza M, Robles-Aguilar AA, Ghysels S, Ok YS, Ronsse F, Meers E. Improving biochar properties by co-pyrolysis of pig manure with bio-invasive weed for use as the soil amendment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137229. [PMID: 36372342 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over recent years, pyrolysis has grown into a mature technology with added value for producing soil improvers. Further innovations of this technology lie in developing tailor-made products from specific feedstocks (or mixtures thereof) in combination with adjusted mixing ratio-temperature regimes. In this context, co-pyrolysis of pig manure (PM) and the invasive plant Japanese knotweed (JK) at different mixture ratios (w/w) of 3:1 (P3J1), 1:1 (P1J1), and 1:3 (P1J3) and varying temperatures (400-700 °C) was studied to address the low carbon properties and heavy metals (HMs) risks of manure-derive biochars and beneficially ameliorate the bio-invasion situation by creating value from the plant biomass. Co-pyrolysis of PM with JK increased by nearly 1.5 folds the fixed carbon contents in the combined feedstock biochars obtained at 600 °C compared with PM-derived biochar alone, and all combined feedstock biochars met the requirements for soil improvement and carbon sequestration. The total HMs in PM biochars were significantly reduced by adding JK. The combined feedstock biochar P1J1 generated at 600 °C was the most effective in transforming Cu and Zn into more stable forms, accordingly reducing the associated environmental risk of heavy metal leaching from the biochar. In addition, the accumulation of macronutrients can be an added benefit of the co-pyrolysis process, and P1J1-600 was also the biochar that retained the most nutrients (P, Ca, Mg, and K).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qiu
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Marcella Fernandes de Souza
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana A Robles-Aguilar
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stef Ghysels
- Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Frederik Ronsse
- Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Erik Meers
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Wang YJ, Li N, Ni GR, Zhou CH, Yin X, Huang HJ. Recycling Pomelo Peel Waste in the Form of Hydrochar Obtained by Microwave-Assisted Hydrothermal Carbonization. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:ma15249055. [PMID: 36556860 PMCID: PMC9782344 DOI: 10.3390/ma15249055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pomelo peel (PP) is a kind of solid waste that is produced in the processing industry of honey pomelo. This study deeply explored the feasibility of recycling PP in the form of hydrochar (HC) by microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) technology. Under the non-catalytic reaction conditions, the yield of hydrochar initially increased with the rise of reaction temperature (150-210 °C) until it remained relatively stable after 210 °C. Under the CaO-catalytical reaction condition, the yield of hydrochar did not change much at first (150-190 °C) but decreased significantly when the reaction temperature exceeded 190 °C. After the microwave-assisted HTC treatment, the PP-derived HC presented higher aromaticity, carbonization degree, porosity, and caloric value. Compared with raw PP, the nutrients in HC were more stable (conducive to being used as slow-release fertilizer). The application of CaO increased the pH value of HC and effectively promoted the accumulation of phosphorus in HC. The HC produced at 210 °C without any catalyst possessing a high devolatilization ability. Additionally, the HC obtained at 190 °C with CaO as the catalyst presented a high combustion property. In general, PP-derived HC showed great application potential in the field of soil remediation/improvement and solid fuels. This preliminary study would undoubtedly provide some important fundamental understanding of the microwave-assisted HTC of PP.
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16
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Fedyaeva ON, Vostrikov AA. Processing Watered Toxic Waste of Pig and Poultry Farming in Sub- and Supercritical Water (Review). RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793122080085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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17
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Guo Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Xu J, Qiu G, Jia W, Wu J, Guo F. Multifaceted evaluation of distribution, occurrence, and leaching features of typical heavy metals in different-sized coal gasification fine slag from Ningdong region, China: A case study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154726. [PMID: 35331771 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The coal gasification fine slag (CGFS) from the entrained-flow coal gasification unit faces the challenge of safe disposal and clean utilization in the Ningdong region, China. This study aims to provide complete and thorough understanding of the distribution features, chemical speciation, environmental impact, and leaching behavior of typical heavy metals (i.e., V, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, and Pb) in the CGFS with different size fractions. The results show that the distribution of selected heavy metals in the CGFS has evident particle size dependence. Except for Zn, the other heavy metals in different size fractions mainly exist in chemical speciation of residual form with the ratio of 50.11-86.69 wt%. Moreover, it is found that the heavy metals in the different-sized CGFS show different RAC (risk assessment code) environmental risk levels and TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) leaching concentrations. Especially, Zn in SGFS-C and SGFS-D posed a high-risk level to the environment, while the heavy metal elements of Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, and Ba in other size fractions are classified as a medium environmental risk. In addition, the TCLP test results indicate that the leaching concentration of Cr, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ba, and Pb exceeds the groundwater-related regulatory limit in China. The pH-dependent leaching experiments suggest that Pb shows the amphoteric behavior, while the leaching mode of other heavy metals seems to be the cationic pattern. Furthermore, the leachability of the selected heavy metals in small-size fractions of the CGFS should be given more consideration at both acid and alkaline pH ranges. The leaching kinetic results demonstrate that the most effective mechanism to describe the leaching process of Cr, Ni, Zn, and Pb in different CGFS size fractions is the diffusion-controlled theory, which is supported by the different morphological traits of spherical mineral particles and carbon particles in the CGFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yixin Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; Shandong Xuanyuan Scientific Engineering and Industrial Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Heze 274918, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Guofeng Qiu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Wenke Jia
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Jianjun Wu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Fanhui Guo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; National Engineering Research Center of Coal Preparation and Purification, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
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18
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Karatas O, Khataee A, Kalderis D. Recent progress on the phytotoxic effects of hydrochars and toxicity reduction approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 298:134357. [PMID: 35313162 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization of wet biomasses has been known to produce added-value materials for a wide range of applications. From catalyst substrates, to biofuels and soil amendments, hydrochars have distinct advantages to offer compared to conventional materials. With respect to the agricultural application of hydrochars, both positive and negative results have been reported. The presence of N, P and K in certain hydrochars is appealing and may contribute to the reduction of chemical fertilizer application. However, regardless of biomass, hydrothermal carbonization results in the production of phytotoxic organic compounds. Additionally, hydrochars from sewage sludge often contain heavy metal concentrations which exceed the regulatory limits set for agricultural use. This review critically discusses the phytotoxic aspects of hydrochar and provides an account of the substances commonly responsible for these. Furthermore, phytotoxicity reduction approaches are proposed and compared with each other, in view of field-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okan Karatas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Turkey; Department of Environmental Engineering, Bursa Technical University, Bursa, 16310, Turkey
| | - Alireza Khataee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Gebze Technical University, Gebze, 41400, Turkey; Research Laboratory of Advanced Water and Wastewater Treatment Processes, Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, 51666-16471, Iran
| | - Dimitrios Kalderis
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Chania, Crete, 73100, Greece.
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Bona D, Scrinzi D, Tonon G, Ventura M, Nardin T, Zottele F, Andreis D, Andreottola G, Fiori L, Silvestri S. Hydrochar and hydrochar co-compost from OFMSW digestate for soil application: 2. agro-environmental properties. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 312:114894. [PMID: 35334400 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The work concerns the study of the hydrochar from digestate and hydrochar co-compost characterization as amendments. The processes for hydrochar and co-compost production were described in Part 1 of this work (Scrinzi et al., 2022). The amendment properties of hydrochar (produced at 180-200-220 °C for 3 h) and co-composts (25%, 50%, and 75% hydrochar percentage of digestate substitution) were assessed by phytotoxicity, plant growth bioassay, and soil effect. Different seeds species (Lepidium sativum, Cucumis sativus, and Sorghum bicolor sp.) were dosed at increased concentrations using both wet raw amendments and their water extracts. The chemical characterization showed phytotoxic compounds content depending on both the initial feedstock (digestate) and the HTC process; at the same time, the analysis highlighted the reduction of these compounds by composting (organic acid, polyphenols, salt concentration). The dose-response was analyzed by the Cedergreen-Streibig-Ritz model and the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) was calculated based on this equation. The soil properties and GHG emissions measurements (CH4, CO2, N2O, and NH3) highlighted the effect on N dynamics and on soil respiration induced by substrates. The HC200 soil application determined a significant impact on CO2 and N2O emission and NH3 volatilization (10.82 mol CO2/m2; 51.45 mmol N2O/m2; 112 mol NH3/m2) and a significant reduction of total N and TOC (46% of TKN and 49% of TOC). The co-compost (75%) showed specific effects after soil application compared to other samples an increase of available P (48%), a greater content of nitrogen (1626 mg/kg dry basis), and a reduction of organic carbon (17%). Our results demonstrate the good quality of co-compost and at the same time the validity of this post-treatment for addressing many issues related to hydrochar use in the soil as an amendment, confirming the suitability of HTC process integration for digestate treatment in anaerobic digestion plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Bona
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, San Michele a/A, Italy
| | - Donato Scrinzi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Giustino Tonon
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università, 5, 39100, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ventura
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Piazza Università, 5, 39100, Bozen-Bolzano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Nardin
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, San Michele a/A, Italy
| | - Fabio Zottele
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, San Michele a/A, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreis
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, San Michele a/A, Italy
| | - Gianni Andreottola
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luca Fiori
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy; Center Agriculture Food Environment (C3A), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
| | - Silvia Silvestri
- Technology Transfer Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via E. Mach, 1, 38010, San Michele a/A, Italy
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20
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Meng J, Zhang H, Cui Z, Guo H, Mašek O, Sarkar B, Wang H, Bolan N, Shan S. Comparative study on the characteristics and environmental risk of potentially toxic elements in biochar obtained via pyrolysis of swine manure at lab and pilot scales. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 825:153941. [PMID: 35189204 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis is considered as a promising method to immobilize potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in animal manures. However, comparative study on characteristics and environmental risk of PTEs in biochar obtained by pyrolysis of animal manure at different reactors are lacking. In this study, swine manure was pyrolyzed at 300-600 °C in a lab-scale or pilot-scale reactor with the aim to investigate their effects on characteristics and environmental risk of As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in swine manure biochar. Results showed that biochars produced from pilot scale had lower pH and carbon (C) content but higher oxygen (O) content than those from lab scale. Biochars from pilot scale had higher total PTEs (except Cd) concentrations and releasable PTEs (except Pb) but lower CaCl2-extractable PTEs and phytotoxicity germination index (GI) to radish seedings than those from lab scale. Chemical speciation analysis indicated that PTEs in biochar produced from pilot-scale fast pyrolysis at 400 °C had higher percentage of more stable fraction (F5 fraction) and lower potential ecological risk index (RI) than those from lab-scale slow pyrolysis. These findings demonstrated that bioavailability and potential ecological risk of PTE in swine manure biochar were greatly decrease in the pilot-scale pyrolysis reactor and the optimum temperature was 400 °C considering the lowest potential ecological risk index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Meng
- Institute of Eco-environmental Research, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Henglei Zhang
- Institute of Eco-environmental Research, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhonghua Cui
- Institute of Eco-environmental Research, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Haipeng Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3FF, UK
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
| | - Hailong Wang
- Biochar Engineering Technology Research Center of Guangdong Province, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6001, Australia
| | - Shengdao Shan
- Institute of Eco-environmental Research, School of Environmental and Natural Resources, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China.
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Chai Y, Bai M, Chen A, Peng L, Shao J, Shang C, Peng C, Zhang J, Zhou Y. Thermochemical conversion of heavy metal contaminated biomass: Fate of the metals and their impact on products. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 822:153426. [PMID: 35090917 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid depletion of fossil energy and increasingly severe environmental pollution, the development of biomass resources for biorefineries has become a new research focus. However, heavy metals may be released during the thermochemical treatment when the biomass materials used in biomass conversion are contaminated by heavy metals. This can cause secondary environmental pollution or transference to the target products, reducing product quality. Therefore, having a systematic understanding of the fate of heavy metals in biomass conversion is necessary for alleviating potential risks. This study presents the current status of contaminated biomass and conversion products involving thermochemical processes, the migration, transformation, and impact of heavy metals in biomass conversion was investigated, and the utilization of heavy metals in contaminated biomass was briefly outlined. This review aims to link biomass conversion to the fate of heavy metals, avoid existing risks as much as possible to produce cleaner products efficiently, and promote the sustainable development of heavy metal contaminated biomass resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzheng Chai
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Ma Bai
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Anwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China.
| | - Liang Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jihai Shao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Cui Shang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jiachao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Abstract
Animal production is a significant contributor of organic and inorganic contaminants in air, soil, and water systems. These pollutants are present beginning in animal houses and impacts continue through manure storage, treatment, and land application. As the industry is expected to expand, there is still a lack of affordable, sustainable solutions to many environmental concerns in animal production. Biochar is a low-cost, sustainable biomaterial with many environmental remediation applications. Its physicochemical properties have been proven to provide environmental benefits via the adsorption of organic and inorganic contaminants, promote plant growth, improve soil quality, and provide a form of carbon sequestration. For these reasons, biochar has been researched regarding biochar production, and application methods to biological systems have a significant influence on the moisture content, pH, microbial communities, and carbon and nitrogen retention. There remain unanswered questions about how we can manipulate biochar via physical and chemical activation methods to enhance the performance for specific applications. This review article addresses the positive and negative impacts of biochar addition at various stages in animal production from feed intake to manure land application.
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Wei Y, Gu J, Wang X, Song Z, Sun W, Hu T, Guo H, Xie J, Lei L, Xu L, Li Y. Elucidating the beneficial effects of diatomite for reducing abundances of antibiotic resistance genes during swine manure composting. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:153199. [PMID: 35063512 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Diatomite (DE) has been used for nitrogen conservation during the composting of feces but its effects on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and the associated mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, DE was added at three different proportions (0%, 4%, and 8%) to swine manure during composting. The results showed that adding DE helped to reduce the abundances of ARGs and the maximum decrease (88.99%) occurred with the highest dose. DE amendment promoted the transformation of reducible copper into a more stable form, i.e., the residual fraction, which reduced the selective pressure imposed by copper and further decreased the abundances of ARGs. Tn916/1545 and intI1 were critical genetic components related to ARGs, and thus the reductions in the abundances of ARGs may be attributed to the suppression of horizontal transfer due to the decreased abundances of mobile genetic elements (MGEs). The microbial community structure (bacterial abundance and diversity) played key role in the evolution of ARGs. DE could enhance the competition between hosts and non-hosts of ARGs by increasing the bacterial community diversity. Compared with CK, DE amendment optimized the bacterial community by reducing the abundances of the potential hosts of ARGs and pathogens such as Corynebacterium, thereby improving the safety of the compost product. In addition, KEGG function predictions revealed that adding DE inhibited the metabolic pathway and genes related to ARGs. Thus, composting with 8% DE can reduce the risk of ARG transmission and improve the practical value for agronomic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Utilization of Agricultural Waste Resources, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jie Gu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Research Center of Recycle Agricultural Engineering and Technology of Shaanxi Province, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Zilin Song
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wei Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Honghong Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jun Xie
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Liusheng Lei
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Liang Xu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yuexuan Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
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24
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Guo HN, Liu HT, Wu S. Immobilization pathways of heavy metals in composting: Interactions of microbial community and functional gene under varying C/N ratios and bulking agents. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128103. [PMID: 34952492 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Excessive heavy metals (HMs) in livestock manure due to additives over-use limits its recycling through composting. However, few studies have investigated the interactive influence of microbial communities, functional genes, and environmental factors in HM immobilization during composting. Therefore, treatments with different C/N ratios (15:1, 20:1, 25:1) and bulking agents (maize straw, green waste, vinasse) were conducted to explore the HMs immobilization pathways using structural equation model (SEM). Results confirmed the promoting effect of C/N ratio of 20:1 and vinasse on microbial diversity, thus leading to greater HMs immobilization rate. Meanwhile, the dominant microbial phyla of Cu/Zn, Cd, As, and Cr were identified as Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chytridiomycota, and Bacteroidota, respectively. Moreover, the significant correlation between functional genes (copC, mt, cbh1, aoxB, yieF) and HMs illustrated potential immobilization effects of metal-binding proteins on Cu and Zn, humus complexation on Zn, and oxidase/reductase on As/Cr. Finally, SEM indicated that the redistribution of Cu, Zn, As, and Cr fractions was interactively influenced by environmental factors (organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity, and total phosphorus), microbial communities, and functional genes, while Cd was directly regulated by organic matter and total phosphorus. These results may provide a deeper understanding of HM immobilization pathways during swine manure composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Nan Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Engineering Laboratory for Yellow River Delta Modern Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Shubiao Wu
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang X, Wu W, Cui X, Cheng Z, Yan B, Yang X, He Z, Chen G. Hydrothermal conversion of Cd/Zn hyperaccumulator (Sedum alfredii) for heavy metal separation and hydrochar production. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:127122. [PMID: 34509743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The harmless treatment of heavy metal-enriched hyperaccumulator biomass is the main barrier to the industrialization of phytoremediation. Hydrothermal conversion of Sedum alfredii using different solvents (i.e ·H2O and HCl) at 210-300 ℃ was performed to investigate the behaviors of Cd and Zn, and the characteristics and potential application of the derived hydrochars were determined. Low temperature and HCl addition favored the removal of Cd/Zn from the solid phase. The highest removal efficiencies of Cd (95.0%) and Zn (89.3%) were achieved at 210 ℃ with the presence of HCl. The yield, pH, ash content, element concentration, functional groups, and crystalline minerals of the derived hydrochar were influenced by the reaction temperature and addition of HCl. The leaching risk of Cd and Zn was significantly reduced by hydrothermal conversion. The addition of HCl facilitated the immobilization of Zn, while it enhanced the mobility of Cd. Moreover, the hydrochar derived at 210 ℃ showed increased sorption capacity towards Cu, and the addition of HCl greatly improved the energy density of hydrochar. These results suggest that HCl-mediated hydrothermal conversion could be a promising technique to achieve the separation of Cd and Zn from hyperaccumulator biomass as well as the production of value-added hydrochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Yuting Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xutong Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Wenzhu Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xiaoqiang Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China.
| | - Zhanjun Cheng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Beibei Yan
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhenli He
- Soil and Water Sciences Department/Indian River Research and Education Center, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA
| | - Guanyi Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering/ Tianjin Key lab of Biomass Waste Utilization, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, PR China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin 300134, PR China
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26
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Du H, Zhong Z, Zhang B, Zhao D, Lai X, Wang N, Li J. Comparative study on intercalation-exfoliation and thermal activation modified kaolin for heavy metals immobilization during high-organic solid waste pyrolysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 280:130714. [PMID: 33964742 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the new municipal solid waste classification policy implemented in China, attention on achieving the waste-to-energy disposal of "dry waste" has been growing. Pyrolysis conversion of organic waste into value-added chemicals is a promising method to treat solid waste. However, after removing the non-combustible components of "dry waste", the obtained high-organic solid waste (HSW) contains various heavy metals, which requires urgent attention during thermochemical conversion. To mitigate heavy metals risk, kaolin was employed as additive during HSW pyrolysis, and intercalation-exfoliation and thermal activation modifications were performed on the kaolin to further immobilize and stabilize heavy metals in the derived chars. The characterization results illustrated that the interlayer spacing, pore volume and diameter of kaolin were expanded after intercalation-exfoliation modification, providing more opportunities for the adsorption of metals. The thermal activation method favored the transformation of kaolin into metakaolin via dehydroxylation to enhance its nonhexacoordinated Al proportion and chemisorption. During 450-650 °C, kaolin exhibited an effective solid enrichment performance for targeting heavy metals, and the intercalation-exfoliation and thermal activation modification further enhanced the adsorption capacity of the kaolin for Cd, Cr, Pb and Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, respectively. Compared with Cu and Zn, additives demonstrated better stabilization effects for Cd, Pb, and Cr, transforming more bioavailable fractions to the residual speciation. Overall, a higher pyrolytic temperature (650 °C) and the addition of effective additives could simultaneously increase the residual fraction and decrease the bioavailable fraction of heavy metals in HSW-derived chars, reducing the potential ecological risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Du
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Zhaoping Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China.
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Deqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Hydraulic and Waterway Engineering of the Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Inland Waterway Regulation, School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, 400074, PR China
| | - Xudong Lai
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Ningbo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
| | - Jiefei Li
- Key Laboratory of Energy Thermal Conversion and Control of Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, No. 2 Sipailou, Xuanwu District, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210096, China
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Li Q, Zhang S, Gholizadeh M, Hu X, Yuan X, Sarkar B, Vithanage M, Mašek O, Ok YS. Co-hydrothermal carbonization of swine and chicken manure: Influence of cross-interaction on hydrochar and liquid characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 786:147381. [PMID: 33975118 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Swine and chicken manures are abundant solid wastes that can be converted into carbonaceous materials through hydrothermal carbonization (HTC). Owing to their unique biochemical compositions, co-HTC of these two types of manures may have significant implications for the generated products. We investigated the co-HTC of swine manure and chicken manure to understand the influence of the interaction between contrasting manures on the properties of the derived products. The results indicated that co-HTC treatment enhanced the formation of solid product and improved the C and N contents, heating value, and energy yield of the resulting hydrochar. Regarding the ignition temperature and comprehensive combustion index, the combustion properties of the hydrochar were enhanced owing to the mutual effect of the HTC intermediates. Additionally, the interaction of the intermediates significantly impacted the transfer of nitrogenous species and generation of organic acids and organic polymers with fused-ring structures. Therefore, co-HTC processing of animal manures could potentially provide a sustainable pathway for the conversion of animal waste into solid products with improved characteristics compared to those produced by treating the two feedstocks separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Material Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mortaza Gholizadeh
- Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Xun Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China.
| | - Xiangzhou Yuan
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea; Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Center, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda 10250, Sri Lanka
| | - Ondřej Mašek
- UK Biochar Research Centre, School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Alexander Crum Brown Road, Crew Building, EH9 3JN Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, APRU Sustainable Waste Management Program & Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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28
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Buta M, Korzeniewska E, Harnisz M, Hubeny J, Zieliński W, Rolbiecki D, Bajkacz S, Felis E, Kokoszka K. Microbial and chemical pollutants on the manure-crops pathway in the perspective of "One Health" holistic approach. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 785:147411. [PMID: 33957582 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the impact of poultry and bovine manure fertilization on the content of antibiotics, heavy metals (HMs), and the quantitative and qualitative composition of integrase and antibiotic resistance genes in soil, groundwater, and crops cultivated on manure-amended plots. Antibiotic concentration levels were analyzed using the HPLC-MS/MS, heavy metal concentration level were measured by HGAAS and ICP-OES, while the integrase genes and ARGs were quantified using Real-Time PCR (qPCR) method. Manure, soil, and crops samples contained the highest concentration of Zn (104-105 ng gdm-1) and Cu (103-105 ng gdm-1) of all HMs tested. Manure-supplemented soil was characterised by a high concentration of doxycycline and enrofloxacin. A high abundance of integrase genes was noted in samples of manure (109-1010 copies gdm-1) and soil (107-108 copies gdm-1). Among all the analyzed genes, sul1, sul2, blaTEM, and integrase genes were the most common. Results of the study demonstrate the selective character of ARGs transfer from poultry and bovine manure to plants. The only gene to occur in all studied environmental compartments was sul1 (from 102 - groundwater to 1011 - poultry manure). It was also found that animal manure may cause an increase in the HMs concentration in soil and their accumulation in crops, which may influence the health of humans and animals consuming crops grown on manure-amended soil. The high abundance of integrase genes and ARGs and their reciprocal correlations with HMs pose a serious risk of the rapid spread of antibiotic resistance in the environment. Moreover, unusual dependencies between integrase genes and selected ARGs indicate the possibility of changes in the mobility nature of genetic elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Buta
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, The Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Ewa Korzeniewska
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, The Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Monika Harnisz
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, The Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Jakub Hubeny
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, The Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Wiktor Zieliński
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, The Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Damian Rolbiecki
- Department of Water Protection Engineering and Environmental Microbiology, The Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Prawocheńskiego 1 Str., 10-720 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bajkacz
- The Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Felis
- The Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Environmental Biotechnology Department, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 2 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Klaudia Kokoszka
- The Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 8 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Inorganic, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, Krzywoustego 6 Str., 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
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29
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Speciation of Main Nutrients (N/P/K) in Hydrochars Produced from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Swine Manure under Different Reaction Temperatures. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14154114. [PMID: 34361308 PMCID: PMC8347720 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) has been proved to be a promising technology for swine manure (SM) treatment. Currently, there is a lack of systematic understanding of the transformation characteristics of nutrient speciation in the HTC of SM. In this study, the speciation of the main nutrients (N/P/K) in SM-derived hydrochar produced at different reaction temperatures (200-280 °C) was investigated. The recovery of P (61.0-67.1%) in hydrochars was significantly higher than that of N (23.0-39.8%) and K (25.5-30.0%), and the increase in reaction temperature promoted the recovery of P and reduced the recovery of N. After the HTC treatment, the percentage of soluble/available P was reduced from 61.6% in raw SM to 4.0-23.9% in hydrochars, while that of moderately labile/slow-release P was improved from 29.2% in raw SM feedstock to 65.5-82.7%. An obvious reduction was also found in the amounts of available N (from 51.3% in raw SM feedstock to 33.0-40.5% in hydrochars). The percentages of slow-release N and residual N in hydrochars produced at 240 °C reached the maximum and minimum values (46.4% and 18.9%), respectively. A total of 49.5-58.3% of K retained in hydrochars was residual (invalid) potassium. From the perspective of the mobility and availability of N, P and K only, it was suggested that the HTC of SM should be carried out at 220-240 °C. Compared with the original SM, it is safer and more effective to use the SM-derived hydrochar as an organic fertilizer.
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30
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Wang A, Zou D, Zeng X, Chen B, Zheng X, Li L, Zhang L, Xiao Z, Wang H. Speciation and environmental risk of heavy metals in biochars produced by pyrolysis of chicken manure and water-washed swine manure. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11994. [PMID: 34099807 PMCID: PMC8185107 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91440-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the speciation, bioavailability and environmental risk of heavy metals (HMs) in chicken manure (CM) and water-washed swine manure (WSM) and their biochars produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (200 to 800 °C). As the pyrolysis temperature increased, the remaining proportion, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), HCl and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA) of HMs gradually declined. This result proved that the speciation of HMs in chicken manure biochars (CMB) and water-washed swine manure biochars (WSMB) was influenced by pyrolysis temperature. The proportions of stable fractions were enhanced with increased pyrolysis temperature and weakened the HM validity for vegetation at 800 °C. Finally, the results of the risk assessment showed that the environmental risk of HMs in CMB and WSMB decreased with increasing pyrolysis temperature. Therefore, pyrolysis at 800 °C can provide a practical approach to lessen the initial and underlying heavy metal toxicity of CMB and WSMB to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Zou
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Zeng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaochen Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Longcheng Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqing Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Xiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Luan H, Liu F, Long S, Liu Z, Qi Y, Xiao Z, Fang J. The migration, transformation, and risk assessment of heavy metals in residue and bio-oil obtained by the liquefaction of pig manure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:15055-15069. [PMID: 33230794 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The total contents and chemical speciation analysis of Zn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Mn, Ni, Cd, and As in pig manure (PM), liquefaction residues (LRs), and bio-oils (BOs) derived from PM by liquefaction with ethanol as a solvent at 180-300 °C were thoroughly investigated in this study. The environment risk assessment, leachability, and bioavailability of heavy metals in PM and LRs were studied. The results showed that more than 75% of heavy metals remained in LRs. The total contents of heavy metals in LRs were markedly elevated, but those in BOs gradually decreased with the increase in liquefaction temperature. Moreover, the acid soluble/exchangeable fraction and reducible fraction (F1 + F2) of heavy metals in LRs and BOs was significantly reduced, while oxidizable fraction and stable fraction (F3 + F4) desirably increased after liquefaction. Furthermore, the potential risk of heavy metals in LRs was decreased in comparison to that in PM, but the risk of Pb, Mn, and As had not been obviously reduced; therefore, the LRs from the liquefaction of PM should be pretreated before recycling. Temperatures from 220 to 260 °C were the optimum conditions for disposing of PM by liquefaction with ethanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luan
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen Liu
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shundong Long
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Liu
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanting Qi
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Xiao
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
- College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Rural Ecosystem Health in Dongting Lake Area of Hunan Province, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jun Fang
- Hunan Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Swine Production, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, People's Republic of China.
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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32
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Guo HN, Wang LX, Liu HT. Potential mechanisms involving the immobilization of Cd, As and Cr during swine manure composting. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16632. [PMID: 33024251 PMCID: PMC7538424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between key physicochemical parameters related to composting process and bioavailability of Cd, As and Cr during swine manure composting through regulating different initial carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios (15:1, 20:1, 25:1) and bulking agent types (straw, green waste). Results showed that higher initial C/N ratio of 20:1 or 25:1 and straw as bulking agent were optimal to reduce the bioavailability of Cd, As and Cr (62.4%, 20.6% and 32.2% reduction, respectively). Redundancy analysis implied that the bioavailability of Cd was significantly associated with total phosphorus and total nitrogen, deducing the formation of phosphate precipitation and biosorption might participated in the reaction process, while that of As and Cr were mainly influenced by organic matter (OM), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and OM, CEC, electric conductivity, respectively. A total of 48.5%, 64.6% and 62.2% of Cd, As and Cr redistribution information could be explained by the above parameters. Further correlation analysis revealed that bioavailable As and Cr were negatively correlated with humic acid to fulvic acid ratio. In summary, this study confirms that the mechanisms of phosphate precipitation, biosorption and humification played critical role in reducing Cd, As and Cr bioavailability during swine manure composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Nan Guo
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,College of Resource and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Xia Wang
- Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130102, China
| | - Hong-Tao Liu
- Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Engineering Laboratory for Yellow River Delta Modern Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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33
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Xu S, Wang C, Duan Y, Wong JWC. Impact of pyrochar and hydrochar derived from digestate on the co-digestion of sewage sludge and swine manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123730. [PMID: 32615446 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Four kinds of biochar were obtained by pyrolysis carbonization and hydrothermal carbonization from swine manure digestate, i.e. pyrochar (HC, HC-Fe) and hydrochar (HTC, HTC-Fe). Batch fermentation was conducted to compare their effects on the co-digestion of sewage sludge and swine manure. Both pyrochar and hydrochar present positive effect on methane production, nevertheless the higher methane yields were obtained in HTC and HTC-Fe digesters. No advantage was observed for the iron impregnation. The maximum methane yield was 308.4 mL/g VS in HTC digester, which was 27% and 49% higher than HC and Control, respectively. The surface functional groups of hydrochar are more abundant than pyrochar, which is favorable for promoting the syntrophic anaerobic metabolism, as revealed by the promoted substrate hydrolysis and VFAs consumption rate. Thus, it is proposed to convert swine manure digestate to hydrochar, which can be recirculated back to the AD reactor to increase the digestion efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyun Xu
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, China
| | - Chongyang Wang
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, China
| | - Yuting Duan
- School of Environment and Architecture, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 200093, China
| | - Jonathan Woon-Chung Wong
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture and Sino-Forest Applied Research Centre for Pearl River Delta Environment, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong; Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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34
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Yang S, Wen Q, Chen Z. Impacts of Cu and Zn on the performance, microbial community dynamics and resistance genes variations during mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of swine manure. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 312:123554. [PMID: 32460007 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this work, fate of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), heavy metal resistance genes (MRGs) and intI1 were investigated during mesophilic (mAD) and thermophilic anaerobic digestion (tAD) of swine manure with presence of Cu and Zn. Results showed that metal reduced the lag phase time. Cu showed stronger inhibition than Zn on archaea community and metals inhibited the growth of acetoclastic methanogens during mAD. Although total concentration of metals increased after AD, they were transformed into stable state. The abundance of qnrS, sul1, sul2 and drfA7 increased 1.2-5.7 times after mAD, while reduced after tAD, showed that tAD was effective in ARGs removal. Structural equation model analysis suggested that intI1 had the most standardized direct effects on ARGs variation in mAD (R = 0.85, p < 0.01), while the co-occurrence of MRGs with ARGs showed significantly positive influences on ARGs variation in tAD (R = 0.82, p < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Qinxue Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology (SKLUWRE, HIT), Harbin 150090, PR China; School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, PR China.
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35
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Wang JX, Chen SW, Lai FY, Liu SY, Xiong JB, Zhou CF, Yi-Yu, Huang HJ. Microwave-assisted hydrothermal carbonization of pig feces for the production of hydrochar. J Supercrit Fluids 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2020.104858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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36
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Wang H, Yang Z, Li X, Liu Y. Distribution and transformation behaviors of heavy metals and phosphorus during hydrothermal carbonization of sewage sludge. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:17109-17122. [PMID: 32146677 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the distribution and transformation behaviors of heavy metals (HMs) and phosphorus (P) during hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge. In addition to a large reduction in sludge volume, HTC significantly decreased the exchangeable fraction of HMs (Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, and Mn) and increased their residual fraction, which resulted in immobilization of HMs accumulated in hydrochar. The ecological toxicity of HMs was greatly reduced, and all HMs exhibited their lowest risk levels after HTC at 220 °C for 1 h in 2% H2SO4 solution. Most of the P (~ 97%) in the input sludge remained in the hydrochar after HTC. HTC facilitated transformation of organic P to inorganic P and promoted conversion of apatite P to non-apatite inorganic P under acidic conditions. The feasibility of recovering P from sludge by HTC was verified by an acid extraction experiment utilizing hydrochar, which recovered more than 90% P. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zijian Yang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yangsheng Liu
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Solid Waste Utilization and Management, Beijing, 100871, China.
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37
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Shen X, Zeng J, Zhang D, Wang F, Li Y, Yi W. Effect of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics, chemical speciation and environmental risk of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Zn in biochars derived from pig manure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135283. [PMID: 31822406 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The comprehensive analysis of environmental risk for heavy metals in pig manure was essential for optimization of pyrolysis conditions and scientific utilization of pig manure biochars as soil amendment. However, in previous studies, the selected pyrolysis temperature points were limited and temperature interval was large, it's was difficult to accurately verify the effect of pyrolysis temperature on chemical speciation and environmental risk of heavy metals. Therefore, in this study, pig manure was pyrolyzed at 300-700 °C with a small interval of 50 °C to study the effect of pyrolysis temperature on characteristics and environmental risk of Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn in pig manure biochar. Results indicated that the characteristics of biochars (>500 °C) were relatively stable. The biochar obtained at 700 °C exhibited the largest surface area (8.28 m2 g-1) and pore volume (25.17 m3 kg-1), secondly is the biochar derived at 500 °C. The total percentages of exchangeable and acid fraction and reducible fraction decreased from 16.98% to 9.43% for Cr, 85.60% to 65.55% for Mn, 57.26% to 10.61% for Cu, 37.90% to 13.78% for Zn, respectively, suggesting that exchangeable and acid fraction and reducible fraction of Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn in pig manure were transformed into oxidizable and residual fractions after pyrolysis. The leaching rates, risk assessment code and potential ecological risk index values significantly decreased after pyrolysis and presented lower value at 500 and 700 °C. Biochars derived at 300-700 °C conditions posed no phytotoxicity with germination index >80%. Correlation analyses revealed that larger surface area, pore volume and pH values of biochars may help to immobilize heavy metals and reduce bioavailability. These findings demonstrated that bioavailability and toxicity of Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn in pig manure biochar were greatly reduced after pyrolysis and the optimum temperature was 500 °C considering energy cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Shen
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Food Science, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Jianfei Zeng
- Institution of Environment and Sustainable Development in Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Deli Zhang
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Food Science, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Food Science, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Yongjun Li
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Food Science, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Weiming Yi
- Shandong Research Center of Engineering and Food Science, School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, China.
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38
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Yang B, Li X, Lin Z, Hu D, Liu Y, Pan X. Evolution of enzyme activity, heavy metals bioavailability and microbial community in different temperature stages of the co-bioevaporation process. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 102:751-762. [PMID: 31805448 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory investigations documented enzyme activity, heavy metals' bioavailability and the bacterial community during co-bioevaporation treatment of food waste and landfill leachate. The activities of dehydrogenase, protease, urease and phosphatase were sensitive to the changes in operating temperature inherent in co-bioevaporation. The maximum dehydrogenase activity was appeared at warming 30 °C. The maximum hydrolytic activity of the microorganisms on protein, urea and phosphorus-containing organic compounds appeared at warming 50 °C. The bacteria mainly gathered on the surface and in the pores of the sludge particles used as a bulking agent. Bacterial abundance reached its maximum at warming 50 °C. Firmicutes, Actinobacterica and Proteobacterica were the dominant bacterial phyla involved. Even though co-bioevaporation concentrated the heavy metals in the leachate, their bioavailability was substantially reduced during the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benqin Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xukun Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zhiqiang Lin
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Die Hu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yanmei Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xuejun Pan
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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39
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Xu Y, Qi F, Bai T, Yan Y, Wu C, An Z, Luo S, Huang Z, Xie P. A further inquiry into co-pyrolysis of straws with manures for heavy metal immobilization in manure-derived biochars. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 380:120870. [PMID: 31330385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.120870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Co-pyrolysis of straws with manures has been found effective to mitigate heavy metal risks in manure-derived biochars. This study further investigated co-pyrolysis strategy on the levels, species and risks of metals (Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni, Pb, and Cd) carried by manure-based biochars through co-pyrolyzing swine manure (SM) and corn straw (CS) with different mixture ratios (1:0, 0:1, 3:1, 1:1, and 1:3, w/w) at 300 ℃, 500 ℃ and 700 ℃. The total heavy metals in SM biochars were significantly reduced by CS addition except when SM/CS ratio was 3:1 at 300 ℃. Notably, CS addition increased stable Ni, Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd, but simultaneously mobilized part of Ni, Zn, Cu and Pb in SM biochars, especially at higher CS ratio and higher temperature. Co-pyrolysis converted less stable Cd to more stable Cd at all pyrolysis conditions, with higher CS ratio and higher temperature more effective. Overall, higher temperature (700 ℃) and higher addition ratio of CS (SM/CS 1:3) were more favorable for mitigating the potential ecological index of biochar-bearing Cd, Cu and Zn, the dominating risky contributor to SM biochars, hence more effective to mitigate the overall environmental risks of heavy metals in the derived SM biochars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake/Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Fangjie Qi
- Advanced Technology Center (ATC) Building, Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, Faculty of Science, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia.
| | - Tianxia Bai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Yubo Yan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Congcong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Zirun An
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Shan Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Zhong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Eco-Agricultural Biotechnology around Hongze Lake/Collaborative Innovation Center of Regional Modern Agriculture & Environmental Protection, Huaiyin Normal University, Huai'an, 223300, China
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