1
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Duong VH, Trung TC, Pham-Thi TX, Ngoc TN, Santhanabharathi B, Pradhoshini KP, Musthafa MS. Radiological hazard assessment of 210Po in freshwater mussels (Sinanodonta jourdyi) and golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata) in Vietnam. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:14949-14958. [PMID: 38285249 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
210Po is a significant source of ionizing radiation that people are exposed to through food globally. This paper presents the wide range of accumulation level of 210Po in the organs of two species of shellfish including freshwater mussel (Sinanodonta jourdyi) and golden apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata), common freshwater species in Vietnam. There was a significant correlation between 210Po activity in muscle to their mass and size of freshwater mussels. In contrast, there was no relation between other organs of both species with their mass and size. The annual effective dose due to consumption of freshwater mussels ranged from 68.7 to 291 μSv year-1 with a mean value of 138 μSv year-1 for muscle and from 321 to 4560 μSv year-1 with a mean value of 1422 μSv year-1 for the hepatopancreas. Meanwhile, the AED for golden apple snail was recorded to be higher with values ranging from 105 to 2189 μSv year-1 with mean value of 673 μSv year-1 for muscle and from 468 to 4155 μSv year-1 with a mean value of 2332 μSv year-1 for hepatopancreas. Thus, the consumption of these two types of shellfish is considered relatively safe, but the hepatopancreas gland must be removed before processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Hao Duong
- VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tien Chu Trung
- VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Xuan Pham-Thi
- VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Truc Nguyen Ngoc
- VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Bharathi Santhanabharathi
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 014, India
| | - Kumara Perumal Pradhoshini
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 014, India
| | - Mohamed Saiyad Musthafa
- Unit of Research in Radiation Biology & Environmental Radioactivity (URRBER), P.G. & Research Department of Zoology, The New College (Autonomous), Affiliated to University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600 014, India.
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2
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Walsh S, Bond MJ, Guérin N, Blais JM, Rowan DJ. A sensitive method to determine 210Po and 210Pb in environmental samples by alpha spectrometry using CuS micro-precipitation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19754. [PMID: 37957192 PMCID: PMC10643654 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A new sensitive method to determine polonium-210 (210Po) and lead-210 (210Pb) in a diversity of environmental samples was developed. For fresh and marine waters, Po was pre-concentrated using a titanium (III) hydroxide (Ti(OH)3) co-precipitation. Solid environmental samples were digested with nitric acid (HNO3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The alpha thin layer source was prepared using CuS micro-precipitation and 210Po was measured by alpha spectrometry. Lead-210 was left to decay for up to a year and indirectly measured via its progeny, 210Po. The chemical recoveries for 210Po and 210Pb were high, 90% and 97%, respectively, for a large variety of samples and a very low minimum detectable activity (MDA) was obtained. The method was validated using standardized solutions and certified reference materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Walsh
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada.
| | - Matthew J Bond
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Nicolas Guérin
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Jules M Blais
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - David J Rowan
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River Laboratories, Chalk River, ON, K0J 1J0, Canada
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3
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Tan K, Cai X, Tan K, Kwan KY. A review of natural and anthropogenic radionuclide pollution in marine bivalves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165030. [PMID: 37356775 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Radionuclide contamination in food is a public health issue. Bivalves are known to accumulate relatively high levels of radionuclides. Despite many relevant reports, this information is poorly organized. Therefore, in this study, we conducted a comprehensive scientific review of radionuclides in marine bivalves. In general, the accumulation of radionuclides in bivalves is highly species and tissue-specific, which may be due to the different biological half-life of radionuclides in different species and tissues. The trophic pathway is the main pathway for the accumulation of most radionuclides in bivalves, with polonium-210 (210Po) and lead-210 (210Pb) potentially selectively accumulating in the digestive glands, while 134Cs and 137Cs selectively accumulating in the adductor muscle and mantle. Some other radionuclides (radium-226 (226Ra) and strontium-90 (90Sr)) are absorbed along with other minerals (e.g. Calcium) and selectively accumulate in bivalve shells. The information in this study can provide an overview of radionuclide contamination in marine bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsoon Tan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaohui Cai
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Kianann Tan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Kit Yue Kwan
- College of Marine Science, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf Ocean Development Research Centre, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou, Guangxi, China.
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4
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Duong VH, Pham-Thi TX, Nguyen TT, Luu VD, Tran DQ, Nguyen TM, Tran TT, Nguyen TN. Characteristics of 210Po in Asian overbite clam (Potamocorbula laevis) from the coastal area at Thai Binh province, Vietnam. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115425. [PMID: 37647797 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
210Po concentration in the edible muscle tissue and digestive diverticulum organs of Asian overbite clam at the near-shore Thai Binh, Vietnam was analyzed using alpha detectors. The 210Po activity in muscle tissue and digestive diverticulum organs ranged from 5 ± 1 to 178 ± 10 and from 118 ± 7 to 812 ± 12 Bq.kg-1 with the average value of 25 and 324 Bq.kg-1, respectively. Results showed that 210Po activity in the digestive diverticulum was significantly higher than in the muscle tissue. There was a slightly inverse correlation between 210Po activity in muscle tissue, digestive diverticulum, and clam weight and size. The annual committed effective dose was calculated from 210Po due to the consumption of Asian overbite clam for adults in the study area was higher than the guideline value of 0.2 - 1 mSv.y-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Hao Duong
- VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Thanh-Xuan Pham-Thi
- VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Tai-Tue Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Geoenvironment and Climate Change Response, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Geology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Viet-Dung Luu
- Faculty of Geology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Dang-Quy Tran
- Faculty of Geology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Tien-Manh Nguyen
- Licensing Division of Vietnam Agency for Radiation and Nuclear Safety (VARANS), Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Trung-Thanh Tran
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Center for Life Science Research, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Thanh-Nam Nguyen
- Faculty of Biology, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Center for Life Science Research, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
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5
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Zhou L, Wang R, Ren H, Wang P, Cao Y. Detection of Polonium-210 in Environmental, Biological and Food Samples: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:6268. [PMID: 37687097 PMCID: PMC10488615 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ingestion of polonium-210 from environmental media and food can cause serious health hazards (e.g., gastrointestinal symptoms, tumours, etc.) and has been a public health concern worldwide since the 2006 poisoning of Agent Litvinenko 210Po in Russia. With the development of uranium mining and applications of nuclear technology in recent decades, the radioactive hazards posed by 210Po to living organisms and the environment have become increasingly prominent. In order to strengthen the monitoring of environmental 210Po and protect both the environment and human health, a series of explorations on the methods of 210Po determination have been ongoing by researchers across the globe. However, previous reviews have focused on individual sample types and have not provided a comprehensive account of environmental, food, and biological samples that are closely related to human health. In this work, the sources, health hazards, chemical purification, and detection methods of trace 210Po in different sample types are systematically reviewed. In particular, the advantages and disadvantages of various pretreatment methods are compared, and relevant domestic and international standards are integrated, which puts forward a new direction for the subsequent establishment of rapid, simple, and efficient measurement methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (L.Z.); (R.W.); (H.R.); (P.W.)
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (L.Z.); (R.W.); (H.R.); (P.W.)
- School of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (L.Z.); (R.W.); (H.R.); (P.W.)
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (L.Z.); (R.W.); (H.R.); (P.W.)
| | - Yiyao Cao
- Department of Occupational Health and Radiation Protection, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou 310051, China; (L.Z.); (R.W.); (H.R.); (P.W.)
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6
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Shareef YN, Sabu KSP, Khan MF. Radiological dose and associated risk due to 210Po in commercial inter-tidal bivalves of southwest (Arabian Sea) coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 186:114475. [PMID: 36521365 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentration of 210Po was determined in edible tissues of commercial bivalves on the southwest coast of India. The 210Po activity ranged from 38.3 ± 6.9 Bq kg-1 to 91.2 ± 18.6 Bq kg-1. The annual committed effective dose (ACED) and lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) were calculated for different age groups to determine the potential health risk associated with bivalve consumption. The average ACED ranged from 81.5 to 194.1 μSv y-1, with the 10th and 95th percentiles being 68 and 261 μSv y-1, respectively. Lifelong mortality risk (LMTR) values ranged from 1.2 × 10-3 to 2.9 × 10-3, while lifetime morbidity risk (LMBR) values ranged from 1.9 × 10-6 to 4.9 × 10-6. The effective dose was found to be within the UNSCEAR limits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen Nawaz Shareef
- Radioecology Laboratory, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore), Hakeem Nagar, Melvisharam, 632509 Ranipet District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Karunakaran Sreekumar Praveen Sabu
- Radioecology Laboratory, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore), Hakeem Nagar, Melvisharam, 632509 Ranipet District, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mohan Feroz Khan
- Radioecology Laboratory, Post Graduate and Research Department of Zoology, C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Serkadu, Vellore), Hakeem Nagar, Melvisharam, 632509 Ranipet District, Tamil Nadu, India.
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7
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Panigrahi S, Mohanty AK, Samantara MK, Sahu G, Chandrasekaran S, Subramanian V, Srinivas CV. Distribution, annual committed effective dose, and health safety assessment of 210Po in marine biota from Kalpakkam coast, Bay of Bengal. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:113147. [PMID: 34808544 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.113147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Seafood, intertidal biota, beach sediment, and seawater from Kalpakkam coast, Bay of Bengal were analyzed for 210Po to evaluate the internal exposure and other radiological safety aspects. Kalpakkam houses various nuclear power generation facilities on its coast. The activity concentration of 210Po was more pronounced in the intertidal organisms. Pelagic planktivorous fishes have the highest activity of the non-technogenic radionuclide, followed by the detrital feeders, benthic planktivores, benthic carnivores, and pelagic carnivore fishes. The affinity of 210Po to organic detrital matter and planktonic organisms has led to a higher accumulation of radionuclide in planktivorous fishes. Activity concentration of 210Po in seafood ranged between 1.13 ± 0.3 and 96.71 ± 1.6 Bq kg-1 (Becquerel/kilogram). In seaweeds and gastropods, it ranged from 2.09 ± 0.2 to 8.21 ± 0.6 and from 9.31 ± 0.7 to 21.58 ± 1.2 Bq kg-1, respectively. The committed effective dose (CED) of 210Po in seafood varied from 31.18 to 456.68 μSv yr-1 (microSievert/year). Radiological hazard parameters, such as activity intake, CED in consumption, of the seafood from this coast are within the acceptable levels prescribed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection and US Environmental Protection Agency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayan Panigrahi
- Environmental Assessment Section, EAD/RESG/SQRMG, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603 102, India.
| | - A K Mohanty
- Aerosol Transport and Biodiversity Section, RESD/RESG/SQRMG, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India
| | - M K Samantara
- Aerosol Transport and Biodiversity Section, RESD/RESG/SQRMG, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India
| | - G Sahu
- Aerosol Transport and Biodiversity Section, RESD/RESG/SQRMG, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India
| | - S Chandrasekaran
- Environmental Assessment Section, EAD/RESG/SQRMG, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603 102, India; Homi Bhaba National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
| | - V Subramanian
- Aerosol Transport and Biodiversity Section, RESD/RESG/SQRMG, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, India
| | - C V Srinivas
- Environmental Assessment Section, EAD/RESG/SQRMG, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu 603 102, India; Homi Bhaba National Institute, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai, India
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Hurtado-Bermúdez SJ, Expósito JC, Villa-Alfageme M. Correlation of phytoplankton satellite observations and radiological doses in molluscs. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 172:112911. [PMID: 34482251 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this work data of salinity, temperature, suspended particulate matter (SPM), chlorophyll-a, and phytoplankton concentration in the Gibraltar Strait coast, in the confluence of the Mediterranean Sean and the Atlantic Ocean, were analyzed together with 210Po, 40K, 210Pb and 234Th activity concentration in different types of bivalve molluscs at the same time-period. The physicochemical parameters were evaluated using the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) products based on satellite observations. A multivariate statistical analysis, including contrasted natural radioactivity contents, allowed the discrimination of bivalve molluscs from Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Additionally, a cluster analysis determined a highly significant negative correlation 210Po concentration in molluscs and phytoplankton concentration suggesting that phytoplankton concentration in the water column is a determinant factor to regulate 210Po concentration in those animals. These results introduce a useful tool to calculate the radiological doses in seafood from chlorophyll satellite image.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Hurtado-Bermúdez
- Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - J C Expósito
- Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Carretera de Utrera, Km. 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Villa-Alfageme
- Departamento de Física Aplicada II, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Zakri N, Abd Rahim Mohamed C. Natural Polonium-210 in Bivalve Species in Peninsular Malaysia Waters as Recent Pollution Indicator. COASTAL ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.94968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Po-210 is an alpha rays emitter in U-238 decay series and a natural radionuclide found in the ocean, and bivalve is the best biological indicator compared to the other organisms because of their feeding methods that are filter-feeding and suspension-feeding. They are able to accumulate toxic substances from marine environment in their tissue and researches were conducted in edible tissues of Meretrix meretrix, Perna virid, Glauconome virens, Anadara granosa, Anadara ovalis, Pholas orientalis, Donax sp., Polymesoda bengalensis, Phapia undulata, and Tellina virgate. Result showed Po-210 activity distributions were ranging from 2.61 ± 1.50 to 517.46 ± 56.64 Bq/kg. The lowest value of Po-210 activity recorded in Anadara granosa and the highest value recorded in Donax sp. Small-sized of bivalve species contained higher Po-210 activity than the larger one. Higher Po-210 contents in bivalve obtained from the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia might be closely related to anthropogenic factors from the coastline. This study also found that Donax sp. is able to be a good indicator of environmental pollutants as it accumulates Po-210 in higher concentrations than other bivalve species. Donax sp. can be found in several parts of Malaysia and available in large quantities but it appears to be seasonal. While for seafood safety monitoring, Anadara granosa is capable of becoming a good benchmark for seafood security as it found in most parts of Malaysia. It is not seasonal and a kind of Malaysian favorite seafood.
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Guy S, Gaw S, Pearson AJ, Golovko O, Lechermann M. Spatial variability in Polonium-210 and Lead-210 activity concentration in New Zealand shellfish and dose assessment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2020; 211:106043. [PMID: 31557702 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentrations of Polonium-210 (210Po) and Lead-210 (210Pb) were determined in shellfish (Perna canaliculus and Paphies subtriangulata) sampled bimonthly from March 2018 to February 2019 from 14 sites around New Zealand. Activity concentrations of 210Po ranged from 4.7 ± 1.1 to 324 ± 17 Bq. kg-1 with a mean value of 57 ± 72 Bq. kg-1 (wet weight). The activity concentrations of 210Pb were lower than those for 210Po (0.1 ± 0.4 and 1.9 ± 0.4 Bq. kg-1, with a mean value of 0.7 ± 0.4 Bq. kg-1, wet weight). The calculated 210Po/210Pb activity concentration ratios were higher than unity in all samples indicating that radionuclides are not in equilibrium in shellfish and most of the 210Po was unsupported by its grandparent 210Pb. No significant difference was noted in 210Po activity concentration between different seasons, species or shellfish condition index. Significant spatial variability in 210Po activity concentration was observed with elevated 210Po activity concentration in two sampling sites: Ninety Mile Beach (mean 257 ± 47 Bq. kg-1) and Maunganui Bluff (mean 127 ± 22 Bq. kg-1). Elevated 210Po is hypothesised to be related to an increase of 210Po accumulation through diet. Individuals who consume large quantities of shellfish (10 g per day or more) from areas affected by elevated 210Po activity concentration may be exposed to an annual committed effective dose from 210Po in shellfish in excess of 1 mSv.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Guy
- University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Sally Gaw
- University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | | | - Oksana Golovko
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research, Christchurch, New Zealand.
| | - Michael Lechermann
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Hurtado-Bermúdez S, Valencia JM, Rivera-Silva J, Mas JL, Aparicio I, Santos JL, Alonso E. Levels of radionuclide concentrations in benthic invertebrate species from the Balearic Islands, Western Mediterranean, during 2012-2018. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110519. [PMID: 31437613 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Baseline levels of radionuclides in the marine environment of the Balearic Islands in Western Mediterranean have not been reported in literature. Because of their ecological role and acknowledged sensitivity to pollutants, herein, the activity concentrations of 210Po, 40K, 210Pb, 90Sr, and 234Th were measured in two types of benthic invertebrate species (mussels and sea urchins) sampled during 2012-2018. The activity concentrations of 210Po, 40K, 210Pb, and 234Th ranged from 38 ± 1 to 325 ± 11 Bq kg-1 dry weight (d.w.), 220 ± 10 to 996 ± 46 Bq kg-1 d.w., ND (lower than the limit of detection) to 55 ± 8 Bq kg-1 d.w., and ND to 70 ± 15 Bq kg-1 d.w., respectively. In all cases, no artificial 90Sr activity was detected in the collected samples. The committed effective dose to humans was calculated to be in the range of 48-640 μSv year-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Hurtado-Bermúdez
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación (CITIUS), Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José María Valencia
- Laboratori d'Investigacions Marines i Aqüicultura (LIMIA), Direcció General de Pesca i Medi Marí. Illes Balears. Avda. Ingenyer Gabriel Roca, 69, 07157 Port d'Andratx, Spain
| | - Jorge Rivera-Silva
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación (CITIUS), Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis Mas
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación (CITIUS), Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación (CITIUS), Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
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Belivermiş M, Kılıç Ö, Efe E, Sezer N, Gönülal O, Arslan Kaya TN. Mercury and Po-210 in mollusc species in the island of Gökçeada in the north-eastern Aegean Sea: Bioaccumulation and risk assessment for human consumers. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 235:876-884. [PMID: 31284136 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.06.214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Among the radioactive pollutants 210Po is the most substantial one in terms of seafood safety due to its efficient accumulation in marine animals and high irradiation of its alpha emission. Mercury is a highly toxic metal for both marine organisms and human beings. Biomagnification of MeHg (methylmercury) through marine food chains has made Hg concern of ecotoxicology and seafood safety. In the current study, the bioaccumulation of 210Po and THg (total mercury) were determined in 20 mollusc species, including 8 bivalves, 7 gastropods and 5 cephalopods collected from the island of Gökçeada in the north-eastern Aegean Sea. The highest accumulation of 210Po and Hg was seen in bivalves and cephalopods, respectively. Elevated Hg concentrations in all body parts (arms, mantle and viscera) were observed in octopus' species. The results of this study suggests that filter feeder bivalves and gastropods have a capacity to concentrate 210Po in their bodies, whereas predator gastropods and cephalopods have a capacity to concentrate Hg in their bodies. 7.0 kg (3.2-14.2) bivalve flesh intake is adequate due to 210Po ingestion in the studied region to reach 1 mSv which is the annual committed effective dose. Octopus consumption of 705 g in a week alone is needed to reach Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) of mercury, 5 μg kg-1 body weight. Due to very low non-fish seafood consumption in Turkey there is no risk of Hg intake and alpha radiation of 210Po above the limit values through mollusc consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Belivermiş
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Önder Kılıç
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ebru Efe
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Narin Sezer
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Sciences, Istanbul University, Suleymaniye, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Onur Gönülal
- Gökçeada Marine Research Department, Istanbul University, 17100, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Nagihan Arslan Kaya
- Institute of Marine Science and Management, Istanbul University, 34134, Vezneciler, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Hurtado-Bermúdez S, Jurado-González JA, Santos JL, Díaz-Amigo CF, Aparicio I, Más JL, Alonso E. Geographical origin of bivalve molluscs in coastal areas using natural radioactivity fingerprinting and multivariate statistical analyses: Andalusian coast as case of study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 367:706-714. [PMID: 30658279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The presence of natural and artificial radionuclides in the marine environment produces the accumulation of radionuclides in bivalve molluscs consumed by humans, and therefore it could result in a radiological hazard. In this study, the activity concentrations of 210Po, 40K, 210Pb and 234Th were determined in different types of bivalve molluscs sampled during the period of May 2014-June 2015, along coastal areas from the Andalusian region (South of Spain), through alpha-particle spectrometry and low-level gamma-ray spectrometry. The activity concentrations of 210Po; 40K; 210Pb and 234Th varied between 40 ± 2 and 515 ± 9 Bq kg-1 dry weight (d.w.); 121 ± 7 and 674 ± 34 Bq kg-1 d.w.; ND (lower than limit of detection) and 73 ± 10 Bq kg-1 d.w.; and ND and 126 ± 27 Bq kg-1 d.w., respectively. The committed effective dose to humans was calculated to range from 41 to 479 μSv year-1. Both activity concentrations and dose levels were comparable to previous studies from other countries. Finally, a multivariate statistical analysis of natural radioactivity content allowed the discrimination between bivalve molluscs from Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Hurtado-Bermúdez
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Antonio Jurado-González
- Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de los Recursos Pesqueros, Agencia de Gestión Agraria y Pesquera de Andalucía, Ctra. Punta Umbría-Cartaya, km 12., 21459, El Rompido, Huelva, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Francisco Díaz-Amigo
- Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de los Recursos Pesqueros, Agencia de Gestión Agraria y Pesquera de Andalucía, Ctra. Punta Umbría-Cartaya, km 12., 21459, El Rompido, Huelva, Spain
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis Más
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain.
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14
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Vernon EL, Smith JT, Jha AN. Relative comparison of tissue specific bioaccumulation and radiation dose estimation in marine and freshwater bivalve molluscs following exposure to phosphorus-32. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2018; 192:312-320. [PMID: 30015316 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
With respect to environmental protection, understanding radionuclide bioconcentration is necessary to relate exposure to radiation dose and hence to biological responses. Few studies are available on tissue specific accumulation of short-lived radionuclides in aquatic invertebrates. Short-lived radionuclides such as 32Phosphorus (32P), although occurring in small quantities in the environment, are capable of concentrating in the biota, especially if they are chronically exposed. In this study, we firstly compared tissue specific bioaccumulation and release (depuration) of 32P in adult marine (Mytilus galloprovincialis, MG) and freshwater bivalve molluscs (Dreissena polymorpha, DP). Secondly, using the Environmental Risk from Ionising Contaminants Assessment and Management (ERICA) tool, we calculated tissue specific doses following determination of radionuclide concentration. Marine and freshwater bivalves were exposed for 10 days to varying 32P concentrations to acquire desired whole body average dose rates of 0.10, 1.0 and 10 mGy d-1. Dose rates encompass a screening dose rate value of 10 μGy h-1 (0.24 mGy d-1), in accordance with the ERICA tool. This study is the first to relate tissue specific uptake and release (via excretion) of 32P from two anatomically similar bivalve species. Results showed highly tissue specific accumulation of this radionuclide and similarity of accumulation pattern between the two species. Our data, which highlights preferential 32P accumulation in specific tissues such as digestive gland, demonstrates that in some cases, tissue-specific dose rates may be required to fully evaluate the potential effects of radiation exposure on non-human biota. Differential sensitivity between biological tissues could result in detrimental biological responses at levels presumed to be acceptable when adopting a 'whole-body' approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily L Vernon
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Jim T Smith
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3QL, UK
| | - Awadhesh N Jha
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK.
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15
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Hurtado-Bermúdez S, Jurado-González JA, Santos JL, Díaz-Amigo CF, Aparicio I, Mas JL, Alonso E. Baseline activity concentration of 210Po and 210Pb and dose assessment in bivalve molluscs at the Andalusian coast. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 133:711-716. [PMID: 30041368 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb were determined in different types of bivalve molluscs sampled during the period of May 2014-June 2015 along the Andalusian littoral. Radioactivity concentrations of 210Po were determined through alpha-particle spectrometry using 209Po as an internal tracer. Radioactivity concentrations of 210Pb were determined through low-level gamma-ray spectrometry. The activity concentrations of 210Po and 210Pb varied between 40 ± 2 and 515 ± 9 Bq kg-1 dry weight (d.w.), and ND (lower than limit of detection) and 73 ± 10 Bq kg-1 d.w., respectively. The committed effective dose to humans was calculated to range from 39 to 477 μSv year-1. Radioactivity and dose levels were compared with previous studies from other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Hurtado-Bermúdez
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.
| | - José Antonio Jurado-González
- Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de los Recursos Pesqueros, Agencia de Gestión Agraria y Pesquera de Andalucía, Ctra. Punta Umbría-Cartaya, km 12., 21459 El Rompido, Huelva, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Santos
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Francisco Díaz-Amigo
- Laboratorio de Control de Calidad de los Recursos Pesqueros, Agencia de Gestión Agraria y Pesquera de Andalucía, Ctra. Punta Umbría-Cartaya, km 12., 21459 El Rompido, Huelva, Spain
| | - Irene Aparicio
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José Luis Mas
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Física Aplicada I, Escuela Universitaria Politécnica, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Esteban Alonso
- Servicio de Radioisótopos, Centro de Investigación, Tecnología e Innovación, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Reina Mercedes 4B, 41012 Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Química Analítica, Escuela Politécnica Superior, Universidad de Sevilla, C/ Virgen de África 7, 41011 Sevilla, Spain
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16
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Praveen Pole RP, Feroz Khan M, Godwin Wesley S. Occurrence of 210Po in marine macroalgae inhabiting a coastal nuclear zone, southeast coast of India. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2017; 169-170:122-130. [PMID: 28110199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The activity concentration of 210Po in 26 species of marine macroalgae found along coast near to a nuclear installation in southeast coast of India was studied. Phaeophytes were found to accumulate the maximum 210Po concentration and chlorophytes the minimum. The average 210Po activity concentration values in the three groups were 6.2 ± 2.5 Bq kg-1 (Chlorophyta), 14.4 ± 5.2 Bq kg-1 (Phaeophyta) and 11.3 ± 3.9 Bq kg-1 (Rhodophyta). A statistically significant variation in accumulation was found between groups (p < 0.05). The un-weighted dose rate to these algae due to 210Po was calculated to be well below the benchmark dose limit of 10 μGy h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Praveen Pole
- Department of Zoology and Research Centre, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, 629003, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - M Feroz Khan
- PG and Research Department of Zoology C. Abdul Hakeem College (Autonomous), Melvisharam, Vellore-632 509, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Godwin Wesley
- Department of Zoology and Research Centre, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil, 629003, Tamil Nadu, India.
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17
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Długosz-Lisiecka M. The sources and fate of (210)Po in the urban air: A review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 94:325-330. [PMID: 27295049 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The origin of (210)Po activity and its fluctuations in the air are discussed in this paper. In the case of atmospheric aerosol samples, a comparison of the (210)Po/(210)Pb and (210)Bi/(210)Pb activity ratios makes it possible not only to determine aerosol residence times but also to appraise the contribution of the unsupported (210)Po coming from other sources than (222)Rn decay, such as human industrial activities, especially coal combustion. A simple mathematical method makes it possible to observe the seasonal fluctuations of the anthropogenic excess of (210)Po in the urban air. The average doses of (210)Po intake with food (including drinking water) and inhalation of urban aerosols are usually lower than those from (210)Po intake by cigarette smokers and negligible in comparison to total natural radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Długosz-Lisiecka
- Technical University of Lodz, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Wróblewskiego 15, 90-924 Łódź., Poland.
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18
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Pearson AJ, Gaw S, Hermanspahn N, Glover CN. Activity concentrations of (137)Caesium and (210)Polonium in seafood from fishing regions of New Zealand and the dose assessment for seafood consumers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 151 Pt 3:542-550. [PMID: 26272653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A study was undertaken to determine activity concentrations for (134)Caesium, (137)Caesium and (210)Polonium in New Zealand seafood, and establish if activity concentrations varied with respect to species/ecological niche and coastal region. Thirty seafood samples were obtained from six fishing regions of New Zealand along with a further six samples of two commercially important species (hoki and arrow squid) with well-defined fisheries. (134)Caesium was not detected in any sample. (137)Caesium was detected in 47% of samples, predominantly in pelagic fish species, with most activities at a trace level. Detections of (137)Caesium were evenly distributed across all regions. Activity concentrations were consistent with those expected from the oceanic inventory representing residual fallout from global nuclear testing. (210)Polonium was detected above the minimum detectable concentration in 33 (92%) of the analysed samples. Molluscs displayed significantly elevated activity concentrations relative to all other species groups. No significant regional variation in activity concentrations were determined. Two dose assessment models for high seafood consumers were undertaken. Dose contribution from (137)Caesium was minimal and far below the dose exemption limit of 1 mSv/year. Exposure to (210)Polonium was significant in high seafood consumers at 0.44-0.77 mSv/year (5th-95th percentile). (137)Caesium is concluded to be a valuable sentinel radionuclide for monitoring anthropogenic releases, such as global fallout and reactor releases, in the marine environment. (210)Polonium is of importance as a natural radionuclide sentinel due to its high contribution to dietary committed dose in seafood consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Pearson
- Ministry for Primary Industries, PO Box 2526, Wellington 6140, New Zealand; University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Sally Gaw
- University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
| | - Nikolaus Hermanspahn
- Institute of Environmental Science & Research Ltd, PO Box 29-181, Christchurch 8540, New Zealand.
| | - Chris N Glover
- University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand.
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19
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Bode KT, Bylyku E, Xhixha G, Daci B, Fishka K. Determination of activity concentration of 210Po in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from Butrinti Lagoon, Albanian Ionian coast. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4005-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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