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Salehi A, Hosseini SM, Kazemi S. Propolis ameliorates renal, liver, and pancreatic lesions in Wistar rats. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 39318261 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the potential of ethanolic extract of propolis on the secondary lesions of the liver, renal, and pancreatic that were derived by primary colorectal cancer, and comparison of the ethanolic extract of propolis with the vitamin E. The groups included the control, ethanolic extract of propolis, vitamin E, dimethylhydrazine, dimethylhydrazine + ethanolic extract of propolis, and dimethylhydrazine + vitamin E. After 13 weeks of treatment, the blood and tissue samples were taken from all the rats, and alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, uric acid, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, insulin, amylase, and lipase indices along with the tissue pathological examination of the kidney, liver, and pancreas were evaluated. Ethanolic extract of propolis effectively alleviated the colorectal cancer-induced secondary lesions in the liver by significantly lowering the alanine transaminase significantly. Ethanolic extract of propolis significantly decreased uric acid in rats; and also significantly elevated the pancreatic insulin. In addition, inflammation and cell necrosis indices in all these tissues were significantly reduced when ethanolic extract of propolis was consumed compared to the dimethylhydrazine group. It seemed ethanolic extract of propolis showed high antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory potentials, and can be used practically to reduce the side lesions of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Salehi
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Sohrab Kazemi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Hasan K, Sabiha S, Islam N, Pinto JF, Silva O. Ethnomedicinal Usage, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Potential of Solanum surattense Burm. f. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:948. [PMID: 39065797 PMCID: PMC11280019 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Solanum surattense Burm. f. is a significant member of the Solanaceae family, and the Solanum genus is renowned for its traditional medicinal uses and bioactive potential. This systematic review adheres to PRISMA methodology, analyzing scientific publications between 1753 and 2023 from B-on, Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science, aiming to provide comprehensive and updated information on the distribution, ethnomedicinal uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of S. surattense, highlighting its potential as a source of herbal drugs. Ethnomedicinally, this species is important to treat skin diseases, piles complications, and toothache. The fruit was found to be the most used part of this plant (25%), together with the whole plant (22%) used to treat different ailments, and its decoction was found to be the most preferable mode of herbal drug preparation. A total of 338 metabolites of various chemical classes were isolated from S. surattense, including 137 (40.53%) terpenoids, 56 (16.56%) phenol derivatives, and 52 (15.38%) lipids. Mixtures of different parts of this plant in water-ethanol have shown in vitro and/or in vivo antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-tumoral, hepatoprotective, and larvicidal activities. Among the metabolites, 51 were identified and biologically tested, presenting antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoral as the most reported activities. Clinical trials in humans made with the whole plant extract showed its efficacy as an anti-asthmatic agent. Mostly steroidal alkaloids and triterpenoids, such as solamargine, solanidine, solasodine, solasonine, tomatidine, xanthosaponin A-B, dioscin, lupeol, and stigmasterol are biologically the most active metabolites with high potency that reflects the new and high potential of this species as a novel source of herbal medicines. More experimental studies and a deeper understanding of this plant must be conducted to ensure its use as a source of raw materials for pharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamrul Hasan
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (K.H.); (S.S.); (J.F.P.)
| | - Shabnam Sabiha
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (K.H.); (S.S.); (J.F.P.)
| | - Nurul Islam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh;
| | - João F. Pinto
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (K.H.); (S.S.); (J.F.P.)
| | - Olga Silva
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal; (K.H.); (S.S.); (J.F.P.)
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Hussain N, Ikram N, Khan KUR, Hussain L, Alqahtani AM, Alqahtani T, Hussain M, Suliman M, Alshahrani MY, Sitohy B. Cichorium intybus L. significantly alleviates cigarette smoke-induced acute lung injury by lowering NF-κB pathway activation and inflammatory mediators. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22055. [PMID: 38045213 PMCID: PMC10692792 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cigarette smoke (CS) is one of the primary causes of acute lung injury (ALI) via provoking pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress. Despite substantial studies, no effective treatment for ALI is presently available. Purpose New prospective treatment options for ALI are required. Thus, this project was designed to investigate the in vivo and in vitro protective effects of 70 % methanolic-aqueous crude extract of whole plant of Cichorium intybus (Ci.Mce) against CS-induced ALI. Study design /methods: Initially, male Swiss albino mice were subjected to whole-body CS exposure for 10 continuous days to prepare CS-induced ALI models. Normal saline (10 mL/kg), Ci.Mce (100, 200, 300 mg/kg), and Dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) were orally administered to respective animal groups 1 h prior to CS-exposure. 24 hrs after the last CS-exposure, BALF and lungs were harvested to study the key characteristics of ALI. Next, HPLC analysis was done to explore the phytoconstituents. Results Ci.Mce exhibited significant reductions in lung macrophage and neutrophil infiltration, lung weight coefficient, and albumin exudation. Additionally, it effectively ameliorated lung histopathological alterations and hypoxemia. Notably, Ci.Mce exerted inhibitory effects on the excessive generation of IL-6, IL-1β, and KC in both CS-induced ALI murine models and CSE-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Noteworthy benefits included the attenuation of oxidative stress induced by CS, evidenced by decreased levels of MDA, TOS, and MPO, alongside enhanced TAC production. Furthermore, Ci.Mce demonstrated a marked reduction in CS-induced NF-κB expression, both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Consequently, Cichorium intybus could be a therapeutic option for CS-induced ALI due to its ability to suppress inflammatory reactions, mitigate oxidative stress, and quell NF-κB p65 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Hussain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, 64141, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nadia Ikram
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Kashif ur Rehman Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Liaqat Hussain
- Department of Pharmacology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38,000, Pakistan
| | - Ali M. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musaddique Hussain
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muath Suliman
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha, 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 61413, Abha, 9088, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basel Sitohy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Infection and Immunology, Umeå University, SE-90185, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, SE-90185, Umeå, Sweden
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Zong X, Ding Q, Liu X, Liu Q, Song S, Yan X, Zhang Y. Preventive Effect of 6-shogaol on D-galactosamine Induced Hepatotoxicity Through NF-?B/MAPK Signaling Pathway in Rats. Physiol Res 2023; 72:445-454. [PMID: 37795887 PMCID: PMC10634558 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.935092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This analysis aims to see whether 6-shogaol could protect rats against D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced Hepatotoxicity. The Wistar rats were divided into four groups (n=6). Group 1 received a standard diet, Group 2 received an oral administration of 6-shogaol (20 mg/kg b.wt), Group 3 received an intraperitoneal injection of D-GalN (400 mg/kg b.wt) on 21st day, and Group 4 received an oral administration of 6-shogaol (20mg/kg b.wt) for 21 days and D-GalN (400 mg/kg b.wt) injection only on 21st day. The hepatic marker enzymes activity, lipid peroxidative markers level increased significantly and antioxidant activity/level significantly reduced in D-GalN-induced rats. 6-shogaol Pretreatment effectively improves the above changes in D-GalN-induced rats. Further, inflammatory marker expression and MAPK signaling molecules were downregulated by 6-shogaol. These findings showed that 6-shogaol exerts hepatoprotective effects via the enhanced antioxidant system and attenuated the inflammation and MAPK signaling pathway in D-GalN-induced rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei province, China.
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Mohi-Ud-Din R, Mir RH, Sawhney G, Dar MA, Bhat ZA. Possible Pathways of Hepatotoxicity Caused by Chemical Agents. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 20:867-879. [PMID: 31702487 DOI: 10.2174/1389200220666191105121653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver injury induced by drugs has become a primary reason for acute liver disease and therefore posed a potential regulatory and clinical challenge over the past few decades and has gained much attention. It also remains the most common cause of failure of drugs during clinical trials. In 50% of all acute liver failure cases, drug-induced hepatoxicity is the primary factor and 5% of all hospital admissions. METHODS The various hepatotoxins used to induce hepatotoxicity in experimental animals include paracetamol, CCl4, isoniazid, thioacetamide, erythromycin, diclofenac, alcohol, etc. Among the various models used to induce hepatotoxicity in rats, every hepatotoxin causes toxicity by different mechanisms. RESULTS The drug-induced hepatotoxicity caused by paracetamol accounts for 39% of the cases and 13% hepatotoxicity is triggered by other hepatotoxic inducing agents. CONCLUSION Research carried out and the published papers revealed that hepatotoxins such as paracetamol and carbon- tetrachloride are widely used for experimental induction of hepatotoxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roohi Mohi-Ud-Din
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Pharmacognosy Division, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Reyaz Hassan Mir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Gifty Sawhney
- Inflammation Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu-Tawi, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Mohd Akbar Dar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Zulfiqar Ali Bhat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Pharmacognosy Division, Hazratbal, Srinagar 190006, Kashmir, India
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Mondal M, Hossain MM, Hasan MR, Tarun MTI, Islam MAF, Choudhuri MSK, Islam MT, Mubarak MS. Hepatoprotective and Antioxidant Capacity of Mallotus repandus Ethyl Acetate Stem Extract against d-Galactosamine-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6523-6531. [PMID: 32258888 PMCID: PMC7114618 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Mallotus repandus (M. repandus) is traditionally used to treat muscle pain, itching, fever, rheumatic arthritis, and a variety of liver disorders. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity and the antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate stem extract of M. repandus (ESMR) against d-galactosamine (d-GalN)-induced hepatopathy, along with a possible mechanism of action in rats. In vivo hepatoprotective activity of ESMR was examined using d-galactosamine (d-GalN)-induced hepatotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley rats. For this purpose, levels of serum diagnostic markers, activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes, and liver histo-architecture were employed to assess the protective efficacy of ESMR. Furthermore, the total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents were quantitated, and the antioxidant capacity of the extract was evaluated using different methods such as 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and hydroxyl radical (OH•) scavenging assays. Intraperitoneal d-GalN injection triggered hepatotoxicity, as shown by the noticeable increase in the serum hepatic marker enzymes, bilirubin content, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), and malondialdehyde (MDA), whereas glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and catalase levels were significantly lower compared with that of the control. Pretreatment with ESMR reduced the hepatic enzyme levels along with bilirubin, GGT, and MDA compared to the d-GalN-intoxicated group. These results were supported by histopathological studies, where d-galactosamine caused coagulative necrosis, hemorrhage, and inflammation. However, pretreatment with ESMR ameliorated the histo-architectural changes and brought them back to normal. Results also revealed that the total polyphenolic, flavonoid, and tannin content, and total antioxidant capacity of ESMR were 136.30 ± 0.78 mg GAE/g mg, 38.72 ± 0.85 mg QE/g, 75.88 ± 0.54 mg TAE/g, and 123.16 ± 0.24 mg AAE/g, respectively. In addition, ESMR inhibited free radicals with IC50 values of 94.47 ± 0.51, 127.33 ± 0.36, 164.12 ± 0.45, and 254.14 ± 0.35 μg/mL in DPPH, NO, H2O2, and OH• free radical scavenging assays, respectively. These findings highlight the protective role of ESMR against hepatic injury induced by d-GalN, which may be attributed to its higher antioxidant properties, thereby scientifically justifying its traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milon Mondal
- Department
of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur
Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
- Department
of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Monir Hossain
- Department
of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
- Department
of Pharmacy, Mawlana Bhashani Science and
Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rakib Hasan
- Department
of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md. Al Foyjul Islam
- Department
of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - M. S. K. Choudhuri
- Department
of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Laboratory
of Theoretical and Computational Biophysics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty
of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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Imtiaz SM, Aleem A, Saqib F, Ormenisan AN, Elena Neculau A, Anastasiu CV. The Potential Involvement of an ATP-Dependent Potassium Channel-Opening Mechanism in the Smooth Muscle Relaxant Properties of Tamarix dioica Roxb. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110722. [PMID: 31717691 PMCID: PMC6920928 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tamarix dioica is traditionally used to manage various disorders related to smooth muscle in the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. This study was planned to establish a pharmacological basis for the uses of Tamarix dioica in certain medical conditions related to the digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: A phytochemical study was performed by preliminary methods, followed by HPLC-DAD and spectrometric methods. In vivo evaluation of a crude hydromethanolic extract of T. dioica (TdCr) was done with a castor-oil-provoked diarrheal model in rats to determine its antidiarrheal effect. Ex vivo experiments were done by using isolated tissues to determine the effects on smooth and cardiac muscles and explore the possible mechanisms. Results: TdCr tested positive for flavonoids, saponins, phenols, and tannins as methanolic solvable constituents in a preliminary study. The maximum quantity of gallic acid equivalent (GAE), phenolic, and quercetin equivalent (QE) flavonoid content found was 146 ± 0.001 μg GAE/mg extract and 36.17 ± 2.35 μg QE/mg extract. Quantification based on HPLC-DAD (reverse phase) exposed the presence of rutin at the highest concentration, followed by catechin, gallic acid, myricetin, kaempferol, and apigenin in TdCr. In vivo experiments showed the significant antidiarrheal effect of TdCr (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) in the diarrheal (castor-oil-provoked) model. Ex vivo experiments revealed spasmolytic, bronchodilatory, and vasorelaxant activities as well as partial cardiac depressant activity, which may be potentiated by a potassium channel opener mechanism, similar to that of cromakalim. The potassium channel (KATP channel)-opening activity was further confirmed by repeating the experiments in glibenclamide-pretreated tissues. Conclusions: In vivo and ex vivo studies of T. dioica provided evidence of the antidiarrheal, spasmolytic, bronchodilator, vasorelaxant, and partial cardiodepressant properties facilitated through the opening of the KATP channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda Madiha Imtiaz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.M.I.); (A.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Ambreen Aleem
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.M.I.); (A.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Fatima Saqib
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan; (S.M.I.); (A.A.); (F.S.)
| | - Alexe Nicolae Ormenisan
- Department of Engineering and Management of Food and Tourism, Faculty of Tourism, Transilvania University, Brasov 500036, Romania;
| | - Andrea Elena Neculau
- Department of Fundamental, Prophylactical and Clinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Brasov 500019, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-268-412-185
| | - Costin Vlad Anastasiu
- Department of Surgical and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University, Brasov 500019, Romania;
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Shafique H, Ahad A, Khan W, Want MY, Bhatt PC, Ahmad S, Panda BP, Mujeeb M. Ganoderic acid -loaded solid lipid nanoparticles ameliorate d-galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gabr SA, Gabr NS, Elsaed WM. Aqueous Green Tea Extract and Prediction of Fibrosis in Lipopolysaccharide Intoxicated Rats. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.403.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ullah R, Alsaid MS, Shahat AA, Naser AA, Al-Mishari AA, Adnan M, Tariq A. Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Methanolic Extracts of Zilla spinosa and Hammada elegans Against Carbon Tetrachlorideinduced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. OPEN CHEM 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2018-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe detoxification, metabolism, and excretion of various endogenous and exogenous materials occur mainly in the liver. Liver diseases are a global concern, and classified as chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatosis. The development of safe hepatoprotective agents remains an unmet need. Therefore, we investigated the antioxidant effects of methanolic and n-hexane fractions of Zilla spinosa (ZSM and ZSH, respectively) and Hammada elegans (HEM and HEH, respectively) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver toxicity in rats. Antioxidant activity was studied by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The rats were divided into 11 groups (n=6)–group, 1 (control), group 2 (CCl4 only), group 3 (CCl4+silymarin 10 mg/kg), group 4 (CCl4+HEM 250 mg/kg), group 5 (CC14+HEM 500 mg/kg), group 6 (CCl4+HEH 250 mg/kg), group, 7 (CCl4+HEH 500 mg/kg), group, 8 (CCl4+ZSM 250 mg/kg), group 9 (CCl4+ZSM 500 mg/kg), group 10 (CCl4+ZSH 250 mg/kg), and group 11 (CCl4+ZSH 500 mg/kg). Serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, and total bilirubin were measured. The extent of hepatic injury was histopathologically assessed. Treatment with ZSM and ZSH at 250 and 500 mg/kg did not significantly affect biochemical results compared with the CCl4 only group. However, treatment with both HEM and HEH at 250 and 500 mg/kg provided significant (p<0.001) results compared with the CCl4 only group. These results were consistent with histological findings. HEM and HEH at 250 μg/mL significantly inhibited DPPH radical formation by 38.E6 and 35.65%, rerpectively. However antioxidant effects of ZSM and ZSH were insignificant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Government College Ara Khel FR, Kohat KPK, Pakistan
| | - Mansour S. Alsaid
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelaaty A. Shahat
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Phytochemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth st. P.O. Box 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Almoqbil Abdulaziz Naser
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Al-Mishari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal, Aromatic & Poisonous Plants Research Center MAPPRC), College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Sciecne and Technology KUST KPK, Kohat, Pakistan
| | - Akash Tariq
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Abdelbary GA, Amin MM, Zakaria MY, El Awdan SA. Adefovir dipivoxil loaded proliposomal powders with improved hepatoprotective activity: formulation, optimization, pharmacokinetic, and biodistribution studies. J Liposome Res 2017; 28:259-274. [PMID: 28768431 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2017.1363228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to prepare proliposomal formulae for improving the oral bioavailability of adefovir dipivoxil (AD), a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor effective against hepatitis B virus (HBV). The prepared proliposomal formulae were characterized for entrapment efficiency (E.E.%), vesicle size and in vitro drug release after reconstitution to conventional liposomes. The optimized formula (F9) with a maximum desirability value of 0.858 was selected having E.E.% of 71 ± 3.3% with an average vesicle size of 164.6 ± 5 nm. Moreover, the crystallization of AD within the optimized formula investigated via powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the presence of the drug in an amorphous state within the lipid vesicles with enhanced stability over a storage period of 12 months. Thioacetamide-induced liver damage in rats evidenced by elevated liver enzymes was significantly improved after treatment with the optimum formula. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies of formula F9 showed a higher accumulation of AD in the liver with enhanced bioavailability compared to AD suspension which highlights its potential advantage for an effective treatment of chronic HBV. Hence, proliposomal drug delivery is considered as a better choice for the oral delivery of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada A Abdelbary
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Maha M Amin
- a Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Cairo University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Y Zakaria
- b Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Sinai University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Sally A El Awdan
- c Pharmacology Department , National Research Center , Giza , Egypt
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Ezejiofor AN, Igweze ZN, Udowelle NA, Orisakwe OE. Histopathological and biochemical assessments of Costus afer stem on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 28:383-391. [PMID: 28355145 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2016-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In continuation of our study of the biological activity of the aqueous extract of Costus afer stem used in tradomedicare in Nigeria, this work has investigated the biochemical, nephroprotective, hepatoprotective and protective effects of aqueous extract of C. afer stem on alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic albino Wistar rats. METHODS Thirty male albino Wistar rats (150-200 g) were weight-matched into six groups of five rats each. Groups 1 and 2 were the normal (non-induced) and toxic (alloxan-induced) controls, respectively. Groups 3-6 were induced and treated with 1, 2 and 3 g/kg of the aqueous extract of C. afer stem and glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), respectively. Food and fluid intake, body weight, absolute and relative weight of organs (liver, pancreas, and kidneys) and biochemical parameters were measured. RESULTS There was a significant reduction in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin triglyceride, creatinine, urea and electrolyte when compared with toxic control group. The liver marker enzymes were restored in all the treated groups. The aqueous stem extract possessed hypoglycaemic effect and reversed the histopathological damage in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that aqueous stem extract of C. afer possesses both hypoglycaemic and organ protective properties.
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Medhekar SK, Jadhav TP, Sasane VS, Shende VS, Aloorkar NH, Chincholkar AB, Soman GS, Kulkarni AS. Protective effect of Tritone (Livosone) on oxidative DNA damage and its hepatoprotective potential against various hepatotoxic agent in wistar rats. EXPERIMENTAL AND TOXICOLOGIC PATHOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE GESELLSCHAFT FUR TOXIKOLOGISCHE PATHOLOGIE 2017; 69:153-161. [PMID: 28063643 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate antioxidant activity, DNA damage inhibition and hepatoprotecitve potential of polyherbal formulation Tritone (Livosone). METHODS In vitro antioxidant activity of Tritone formulation was performed by using DPPH assay. Hepatoprotecitve potential of Tritone was evaluated against various hepatotoxic agents including Paracetamol (2g/kg b. wt p.o. single dose on 15th day), Galactosamine (400mg/kg b. wt. i.p. single dose on 8th day) and Alcohol (30% p.o.1ml/100g of rat for 15days). Tritone formulation at the doses of (40.5, 81 and 162mg/kg) and standard silymarin (100mg/kg) and Liv52 (270mg/kg) were administered p.o. The hepatoprotective assessment was done by estimating biochemical parameters: SGOT, SGPT, ALP and Total Bilirubin total protein and ChE levels. Additionally histopathological and DNA fragmentation study of Tritone was also performed. RESULT Administration of hepatotoxins (paracetamol, D-GaiN and alcohol) in experimental animals showed significant biochemical, histological deterioration and DNA fragmentation. Pretreatment with Tritone (Livosone) shows significant reduction in serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP and total bilirubin levels and shows significant elevation in total protein and cholinesterase (ChE) levels compared to groups treated with hepatotoxic agents. Histopathological observations of rat liver pretreated with Tritone (Livosone) shows significant protection against hepatic damage. Inhibition of DNA fragmentation by Tritone indicates protective effect of formulation on liver at molecular level. Finally all the results were compared with standard drugs Silymarin and Liv52. CONCLUSION Correlation of antioxidant activity, biochemical results, histopathological changes and inhibition of DNA damage after treatment with Tritone shows maximum hepatoprotective potential at dose 81mg/kg and 162mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vikas Suresh Shende
- Department of Pharmacology, Satara College of Pharmacy, Degaon, Satara, MH, India
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Elmowafy M, Samy A, Raslan MA, Salama A, Said RA, Abdelaziz AE, El-Eraky W, El Awdan S, Viitala T. Enhancement of Bioavailability and Pharmacodynamic Effects of Thymoquinone Via Nanostructured Lipid Carrier (NLC) Formulation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:663-72. [PMID: 26304932 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0391-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TQ), obtained from black cumin (Nigella sativa), is a natural product with anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects but unfortunately with poor bioavailability. Aiming to improve its poor oral bioavailability, TQ-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) were prepared by high-speed homogenization followed by ultrasonication and evaluated in vitro. Bioavailability and pharmacodynamic studies were also performed. The resultant NLCs showed poor physical homogeneity in Compritol 888 ATO Pluronic F127 system which consequently produced larger particle size and polydispersity index, smaller zeta potential values, and lower short-term (30 days) physical stability than other systems. Encapsulation efficiency percentage (EE%) lied between 84.6 ± 5% and 96.2 ± 1.6%. TQ AUC0-t values were higher in animals treated with NLCs, with a relative bioavailability of 2.03- and 3.97-fold (for F9 and F12, respectively) higher than TQ suspension, indicating bioavailability enhancement by NLC formulation. Hepatoprotective effects of F12 showed significant (P < 0.05) decrease in both serum alanine amino transferase and aspartate amino transferase to reach 305.0 ± 24.88 and 304.7 ± 23.55 U/ml, respectively, when compared with untreated toxic group. Anti-oxidant efficacy of F12 showed significant (P < 0.05) decline of malondialdehyde and elevation of reduced glutatione. This improvement was also confirmed histopathologically.
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Ilyas UK, Katare DP, Aeri V. Comparative evaluation of standardized alcoholic, hydroalcoholic, and aqueous extracts of Phyllanthus maderaspatensis Linn. against galactosamine-induced hepatopathy in albino rats. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:277-82. [PMID: 25829765 PMCID: PMC4378124 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.153079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Phyllanthus maderaspatensis species (Euphorbiaceae) has been used in folk medicine of many countries as a remedy against several pathological conditions including jaundice and hepatitis. This study is an attempt to evaluate hepatoprotective activity of P. maderaspatensis against galactosamine-induced toxicity and also investigation of polyphenols in each extract. Materials and Methods: The extraction of P. maderaspatensis as per Ayurveda was simultaneously standardized and quantified for biochemical markers viz., polyphenols: Kaempferol, quercetin, catechin, rutin, and ellagic acid by high-performance thin layer chromatography. Hepatotoxicity was induced albino adult rats by intraperitoneal injection of galactosamine (400 mg/kg). The quantified aqueous, hydroalcoholic and alcoholic extract of P. maderaspatensis (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day) were compared for evaluation of hepatoprotective potential, which were assessed in terms of reduction in histological damage, change in serum enzymes such as aspartate amino transaminase, alanine amino transaminase and alkaline phosphatase and increase thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Results and Discussion: The hydroalcoholic extract was found to contain comparatively high amount of kaempferol, quercetin, catechin, rutin, and ellagic acid which are responsible for hepatoprotection. Antioxidant parameters such as glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase activity in liver tissues were restored toward the normalization more significantly by the hydroalcoholic extract when compared with other extracts. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extract standardized with respect to known biomarkers may be considered as a potent extract against hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- U K Ilyas
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Vidhu Aeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hamdard University, New Delhi, India
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Ravikumar S, Gnanadesigan M. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of a mangrove plant Lumnitzera racemosa. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 1:348-52. [PMID: 23569791 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60078-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 04/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the hepatoprotective and in vitro antioxidant activity of Lumnitzera racemosa (L. racemosa) leaf extract. METHODS Animals in Group 1 served as vehicle control, Group 2 served as hepatotoxin (CCL4 treated) group, Group 3 served as positive control (Silymarin) group, and Group 4, 5 and 6 served as (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg bw p.o.) L. racemosa leaf extract treated groups. Moreover, in vitro antioxidant DPPH, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA), NO, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) and super oxide dismutase (SOD) were also analyzed for the leaf extract. RESULTS The levels of the serum parameters such as serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin, cholesterol (CHL), sugar and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased in CCL4 treated rats when compared with the control group (P<0.05). But the L. racemosa leaf extract treated rats showed maximum reduction of SGOT [(210.36±19.63) IU/L], SGPT [(82.37±13.87) IU/L], ALP [(197.63±23.43) IU/L], bilurubin [(2.15±0.84) mg/dL], cholesterol [(163.83±15.63) mg/dL], sugar [(93.00±7.65) mg/dL] and LDH [(1134.00±285.00) IU/L] were observed with the high dose (300 mg/kg bw) of leaf extract treated rats. Histopathological scores showed that, no visible changes were observed with high dose (300 mg/kg bw) of leaf extract treated rats except few mild necrosis. The IC50 values were observed as (56.37±4.87) µg/mL, (57.68±1.98) µg/mL, (64.15±2.90) µg/mL, (61.94±3.98) µg/mL, (94.53±1.68) µg/mL and (69.7±2.65) µg/mL for DPPH, HRSA, NO, FRAP, LPO and SOD radical scavenging activities, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the hepatoprotective effect of the L. racemosa leaf extract might be due to the presence of phenolic groups, terpenoids and alkaloids and in vitro antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundaram Ravikumar
- School of Marine Sciences, Department of Oceanography and Coastal Area Studies, Alagappa University, Thondi Campus, Thondi-623409, Tamilnadu, India
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Shah S, Dhanani T, Kumar S. Validated HPLC method for identification and quantification of p-hydroxy benzoic acid and agnuside in Vitex negundo and Vitex trifolia. J Pharm Anal 2013; 3:500-508. [PMID: 29403861 PMCID: PMC5761016 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection method was developed for the identification and quantification of p-hydroxy benzoic acid and agnuside in the extracts of Vitex negundo and Vitex trifolia. The separation was achieved using acetonitrile and O-phosphoric acid-water (0.5%, v/v) as the mobile phase in an isocratic elution mode. Mean retention times of standard p-hydroxy benzoic acid and agnuside were 6.14 and 11.90 min respectively. The developed method was validated as per the ICH guidelines for limit of detection, limit of quantification, linearity, accuracy and precision. Good linearity (r2≥0.999) was observed for both the compounds in wide concentration range. Relative standard deviation values for intra-day and inter-day precision studies were less than 2%. The analytical recoveries of p-hydroxy benzoic acid and agnuside by the developed HPLC method were 93.07% and 106.11% respectively. Two compounds were identified and quantified in leaves and bar extracts of V. negundo and V. trifolia using the developed HPLC method.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Satyanshu Kumar
- Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research (Indian Council of Agricultural Research), Boriavi, Anand 387 310, Gujarat, India
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Street RA, Sidana J, Prinsloo G. Cichorium intybus: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2013; 2013:579319. [PMID: 24379887 PMCID: PMC3860133 DOI: 10.1155/2013/579319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The genus Cichorium (Asteraceae) is made up of six species with major geographical presence in Europe and Asia. Cichorium intybus, commonly known as chicory, is well known as a coffee substitute but is also widely used medicinally to treat various ailments ranging from wounds to diabetes. Although this plant has a rich history of use in folklore, many of its constituents have not been explored for their pharmacological potential. Toxicological data on C. intybus is currently limited. This review focuses on the economic and culturally important medicinal uses of C. intybus. Traditional uses, scientific validation, and phytochemical composition are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée A. Street
- Medical Research Council, HIV Prevention Research Unit, Westville, Durban 4041, South Africa
| | - Jasmeen Sidana
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar-Delhi G.T. Road (NH-1), Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India
| | - Gerhard Prinsloo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal health, University of South Africa (UNISA), Florida Campus, Florida 1710, South Africa
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Banu S, Bhaskar B, Balasekar P. Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of Leucas aspera against D-galactosamine induced liver damage in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 50:1592-1595. [PMID: 22992009 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2012.685130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Whole plant of Leucas aspera (LA) Willd. (Labiatae) is traditionally used in Siddha medicine for hepatic ailments. OBJECTIVE LA was investigated for its hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and protective effect on microsomal drug metabolizing enzymes (MDMEs). MATERIALS AND METHODS LA aqueous extract (200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) was evaluated for its hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity in d-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Biochemical and histopathological studies were performed to assess hepatoprotective activity. Hexobarbitone-induced sleeping time model was used to study the protective effect of LA on MDMEs. RESULTS D-GalN administration induced hepatotoxicity in rats which was manifested by increased levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol, triglycerides, total bilirubin and oxidative stress. Pretreatment with LA extract significantly protected the liver in D-GalN administered rats. LA extract significantly elevated antioxidant enzymes like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and decreased lipid peroxidation levels in liver. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in LA aqueous extract was found to be 28.33 ± 0.19 gallic acid equivalents mg/g of extract and 3.96 ± 0.57 rutin equivalent mg/g of extract, respectively. LA extract (200 and 400 mg/Kg) treatment with CCl₄ decreased the hexobarbitone-induced sleeping time in mice by 56.67 and 71.30%, respectively, which indicated the protective effect of LA on hepatic MDMEs. Histological studies showed that LA at 400 mg/kg attenuated the hepatocellular necrosis in D-GalN intoxicated rats. CONCLUSION Our results contribute towards validation of the traditional use of LA in hepatic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Banu
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Aburahma MH, Abdelbary GA. Novel diphenyl dimethyl bicarboxylate provesicular powders with enhanced hepatocurative activity: Preparation, optimization, in vitro/in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2012; 422:139-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 09/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gupta RK, Singh RK, Swain SR, Hussain T, Rao CV. Anti–hepatotoxic potential of Hedyotis corymbosa against D–galactosamine–induced hepatopathy in experimental rodents. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60450-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Tiwari N, Luqman S, Masood N, Gupta MM. Validated high performance thin layer chromatographic method for simultaneous quantification of major iridoids in Vitex trifolia and their antioxidant studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2011; 61:207-14. [PMID: 22226914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Negundoside (1), agnuside (2) and 6'-p-hydroxy benzoyl mussaenosidic acid (3) are known bioactive metabolites in Vitex trifolia. In the present study a simple precise and reproducible method was developed for simultaneous quantitation of NS (1), AS (2) and HMA (3) and the antioxidant capacity of above markers has also been determined. Marker compounds have been resolved using silica gel 60 F(254) plates, petroleum ether (60-80)/toluene/acetone/water (10:10:80:2 v/v/v/v) as the mobile phases. The method does not employ any derivatisation procedure and can be used as a quality control tool for routine analysis of drugs V. trifolia and V. negundo together with their commercial extracts. NS (1), AS (2) and HMA (3) showed significant activity in DPPH and NO radical scavenging assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neerja Tiwari
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Lucknow 226015, India
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Girish C, Pradhan SC. Indian herbal medicines in the treatment of liver diseases: problems and promises. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011; 26:180-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2011.01011.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Kalaiselvi M, Narmadha R, Ragavendran P, Raj A, Sophia D, Ravi Kumar G, Gomathi D, Uma C, Kalaivani K. In vivo simulated in vitro model of Jasminum sambac (Linn.) using mammalian liver slice technique. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(11)60158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022] Open
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Najmi AK, Pillai KK, Pal SN, Akhtar M, Mujeeb M, Aftab A. Neuropharmacological safety evaluation of jigrine: A polyherbal hepatoprotective formulation. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2011; 2:329-32. [PMID: 21180466 PMCID: PMC2996071 DOI: 10.4103/0975-7406.72134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Jigrine is a herbal hepatoprotective formulation containing aqueous extracts of 14 medicinal plants. Present study was designed to evaluate per se neuropharmacological effects of jigrine in mice. Materials and Methods Jigrine was evaluated in a number of pharmacological test paradigms, viz. open field arena, actophotometer, hole board, rotarod, traction test, grip strength test, spontaneous alternation behavior, passive avoidance task, and phenobarbital sleeping time. Results and Conclusions Jigrine pretreatment (1 and 2 ml/kg, p.o.) did not produce any significant effect as compared to normal saline treated animals and was found to be free from any acute undesirable central effects at these two dose levels.
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Shakya AK, Sharma N, Saxena M, Shrivastava S, Shukla S. Evaluation of the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of Majoon-e-Dabeed-ul-ward against carbon tetrachloride induced liver injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 64:767-73. [PMID: 21371873 DOI: 10.1016/j.etp.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 01/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to demonstrate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of Majoon-e-Dabeed-ul-ward, a Unani herbal formulation. The Majoon-e-Dabeed-ul-ward (MD) at the doses of 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg, p.o. was administered after carbon-tetrachloride (CCl(4); 1.5 ml/kg, i.p. once only) intoxication. Treatment with MD at three doses brought the levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, albumin and urea in dose dependent manner. Signification reduction was found in TBARS content and restored the level of reduced glutathione, adenosine triphosphatase, and glucose-6-phosphatase in liver. Therapy of MD showed its protective effect on biochemical and histopathological observation at all the three doses in a dose dependent manner. The study conducted showed that MD possesses strong hepatoprotective activity as decrease the hexobarbitone sleep time and improvement in physiological parameter, excretory capacity (BSP retention time) was seen. DPPH and H(2)O(2) scavenging effects indicated its potent antioxidant activities. The results revealed that MD could afford significant dose-dependent protection against CCl(4) induced hepatocellular injury.
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Pushpavalli G, Kalaiarasi P, Veeramani C, Pugalendi KV. Effect of chrysin on hepatoprotective and antioxidant status in D-galactosamine-induced hepatitis in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2010; 631:36-41. [PMID: 20056116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2009.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Chrysin is a natural, biologically active compound present in many plants and possesses potent anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidation properties. This work was designed to investigate the effect of chrysin, on the hepatoprotective efficacy in d-galactosamine-intoxication rats. d-galactosamine-induced toxicity was manifested by the elevation of serum hepatic marker enzyme activities (aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase) and the lipid peroxidation process and by decreasing the antioxidant capacity of the plasma, erythrocyte and tissues. Treatment with chrysin (25, 50 and 100mg/kg body weight) decreased hepatic marker enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation products such as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid hydroperoxides and conjugated dienes, increased the activities of free-radical scavenging enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase and the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants reduced glutathione, vitamin C and vitamin E. These findings demonstrate that chrysin acts as a hepatoprotective and antioxidant agent against d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Pushpavalli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar - 608 002, Tamilnadu, India
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Sharmila Banu G, Kumar G, Murugesan AG. Effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Trianthema portulacastrum L. On aflatoxin induced hepatic damage in rats. Indian J Clin Biochem 2009; 24:414-8. [PMID: 23105870 DOI: 10.1007/s12291-009-0074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the ethanolic leaf extract of Trianthema portulacastrum L. (Family: Aizoaceae) on aflatoxin induced hepatic damage in rats. Aflatoxin intoxication in rats significantly (p < 0.001) elevated the levels of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin, which indicated acute hepatocellular damage and biliary obstruction. Ethanolic leaf extract of T. portulacastrum showed dose dependent decrease in the levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP and total bilirubin. Minimum effective dose of extract was found to be 100 mg/kg body weight. Results obtained from histopathological studies also supported hepatoprotective activity against aflatoxin-induced hepatotoxicity. Thus the study demonstrates that T. portulacastrum possess antihepatotoxic effect against aflatoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sharmila Banu
- Centre for Biotechnology, Muthayammal College of Arts and Sciences, Kakkaveri, Rasipuram, Namakkal, Tamilnadu, 637408 India
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Aristatile B, Al-Numair KS, Veeramani C, Pugalendi KV. Effect of carvacrol on hepatic marker enzymes and antioxidant status in d-galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2009; 23:757-65. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00721.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Upur H, Amat N, Blažeković B, Talip A. Protective effect of Cichorium glandulosum root extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced and galactosamine-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2009; 47:2022-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2009.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/18/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Ku KL, Tsai CT, Chang WM, Shen ML, Wu CT, Liao HF. Hepatoprotective effect of Cirsium arisanense Kitamura in tacrine-treated hepatoma Hep 3B cells and C57BL mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2008; 36:355-68. [PMID: 18457366 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x08005825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cirsium arisanense Kitamura (Compositae) has been used for hundreds of years in Taiwan as a folk medicine for hepatoprotection. However, no scientific research has demonstrated this effect. In the present study, we extracted the phenol-containing aqueous components of C. arisanense roots (CaR) and leaves/stem (CaL), and then assessed their hepatoprotective activities in both human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep 3B cells and C57BL/6 mice strain. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed that the components of CaR and CaL differed from those of the positive control silymarin. CaR exhibited a higher phenolic content and antioxidant capacity than CaL. Hep 3B cells treated with silymarin (0-200 microg/ml) demonstrated a concentration-dependent decrease in viability; however, both CaR and CaL did not exhibit any apparent cytotoxicity. Silymarin at 100 microg/ml, as well as CaR and CaL, not only protect Hep 3B cells from tacrine-induced hepatotoxicity but also decrease the expression of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Moreover, an animal experiment demonstrated that CaR, CaL, and silymarin have hepatoprotective effects in C57BL/6 mice injected with tacrine, and they significantly decrease the levels of plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). These effects of CaR and silymarin, but not of CaL, may occur via an increase in the hepatic glutathione level and the elimination of the nitric oxide production. In conclusion, the phenol-containing aqueous components from C. arisanense have potential in hepatoprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Lung Ku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
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Suresh V, Asha VV. Preventive effect of ethanol extract of Phyllanthus rheedii Wight. on D-galactosamine induced hepatic damage in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 116:447-453. [PMID: 18243611 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2007.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Revised: 09/15/2007] [Accepted: 12/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Phyllanthus rheedii Wight. (Euphorbiaceae) has been used by Muthuvan tribes of Kerala for curing liver diseases. The present study was conducted to assess the hepatoprotective activity of this plant. The ethanol extract of Phyllanthus rheedii was pharmacologically analysed for its preventive effect in d-galactosamine (d-GalN) induced liver damage in rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The levels of hepatotoxicity in various groups were quantified by different parameters of liver damage viz. serum levels of ALT, AST, LDH, GGT, ALP and total bilirubin. The effect of extract on the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-alpha, and TGF-beta were analysed by RT-PCR. Histological changes in the liver were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining of paraffin processed liver sections. The antioxidant and choleretic activity of the extract were also analysed. RESULTS Comparison of serum values of control and extract treated groups have revealed that the d-GalN induced alterations in the serum and liver markers were normalized in extract treatment groups showing hepatoprotective activity of the extract. The extract also prevented the toxin induced histological changes in liver. The mRNA levels of TGF-beta and TNF-alpha in the liver were up regulated by the hepatotoxin. The extract treatment has normalized this change, giving light to the probable mechanism of action of the extract. It has showed marked antioxidant and choleretic activity. Preliminary phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of tannins, flavanoids and phenolics as major components. CONCLUSIONS This study concluded the ethanol extract of P. rheedii could be a promissory candidate for drug development and validated the tribal claim.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Suresh
- Bio-prospecting and Molecular Pharmacology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Trivandrum, India
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Wills PJ, Asha VV. Protective effect of Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw. (Lygodiaceae) against D-galactosamine induced liver injury in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 108:116-23. [PMID: 16797898 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2005] [Revised: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of Lygodium flexuosum n-hexane extract against D-galactosamine was evaluated in Wistar rats. In preventive groups extract was administered at 48, 24 and 2h before D-galactosamine intoxication whereas in post-treatment groups extract were administered 2, 24 and 48 h after D-galactosamine intoxication. Rats pre-treated with n-hexane extract at a dose of 200 and 100 mg/kg of Lygodium flexuosum showed a significant prevention of elevated AST, ALT, LDH levels and hepatic malondialdehyde in D-galactosamine treated rats. Hepatic glutathione levels significantly upregulated by the extract treatment in D-galactosamine treated rats. Quantification of histopathological sections supported the preventive action of n-hexane extract of Lygodium flexuosum. Rats treated with the extract at a dose of 200 and 100 mg/kg Lygodium flexuosum after the establishment of D-galactosamine induced liver injury showed complete protection of liver as evidenced from normal AST, ALT and LDH levels, hepatic GSH and MDA levels and also by normal histological index of liver in treated rats. Rats treated with n-hexane extract of Lygodium flexuosum were comparable to that of Silymarin, the standard hepatoprotective drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Wills
- Molecular Ethnopharmacology Lab, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala, India
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Abe K, Ijiri M, Suzuki T, Taguchi K, Koyama Y, Isemura M. Green tea with a high catechin content suppresses inflammatory cytokine expression in the galactosamine-injured rat liver. Biomed Res 2005; 26:187-92. [PMID: 16295694 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.26.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Galactosamine is known to induce hepatic injury in rats and the galactosamine-induced hepatitis is believed to be similar to viral hepatitis both morphologically and functionally. In the present study, we examined how drinking green tea affects the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines which may be up-regulated in galactosamine-induced hepatitis. As has been reported, galactosamine caused hepatic injury in rats as evidenced by an increase in serum transaminase activities and histological observations of the liver. The results of the reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction indicated an increased gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta, in the injured liver and the enzyme linked immunoassay showed an increase in the serum levels of these cytokines. Oral administration of green tea rich in catechins (Healthya green tea) restored these biomarkers in the galacotsamine-treated rats to near the control levels. These results suggest that the drinking of green tea with a high catechin content may help to prevent and/or attenuate the development of a certain type of hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouichi Abe
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Graduate School of Nutritional and Environmental Sciences, and COE for the 21"s Century, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
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