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Sargazifar Z, Esmaeilzadeh Kashi M, Tazik Z, Mottaghipisheh J, Hosseini SH, Stuppner H, Shakeri A, Asili J. A new diterpenoid from Salvia santolinifolia boiss. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:1570-1576. [PMID: 36576048 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2161538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phytochemical study of the Salvia santolinifolia root extract resulted in the isolation of one new quinone diterpenoid, aegyptinone E (1) as well as two known ones, aegyptinone A (2) and aegyptinone D (3). All the isolated compounds were reported for the first time from S. santolinifolia. Spectroscopic analyses including 1 D and 2 D NMR and HRESIMS were used to determine the chemical structures. Aegyptinone A (2) showed moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermis, and Bacillus subtilis with MIC of 25 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Sargazifar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Tazik
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Mottaghipisheh
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy, Center for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Abolfazl Shakeri
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Javad Asili
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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2
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Tomou EM, Fraskou P, Dimakopoulou K, Dariotis E, Krigas N, Skaltsa H. Chemometric Analysis Evidencing the Variability in the Composition of Essential Oils in 10 Salvia Species from Different Taxonomic Sections or Phylogenetic Clades. Molecules 2024; 29:1547. [PMID: 38611827 PMCID: PMC11013157 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Essential oil (EO) of Salvia spp. has been widely used for culinary purposes and in perfumery and cosmetics, as well as having beneficial effects on human health. The present study aimed to investigate the quantitative and qualitative variations in EOs in wild-growing and cultivated pairs of samples from members in four Salvia sections or three clades, namely S. argentea L. (Sect. Aethiopis; Clade I-C), S. ringens Sm. (Sect. Eusphace; Clade I-D), S. verticillata L. (Sect. Hemisphace; Clade I-B), S. amplexicaulis Lam., and S. pratensis L. (Sect. Plethiosphace; Clade I-C). Furthermore, the natural variability in EO composition due to different genotypes adapted in different geographical and environmental conditions was examined by employing members of three Salvia sections or two phylogenetic clades, namely S. sclarea L. (six samples; Sect. Aethiopis or Clade I-C), S. ringens (three samples; Sect. Eusphace or Clade I-D), and S. amplexicaulis (five samples; Sect. Plethiosphace or Clade I-C). We also investigated the EO composition of four wild-growing species of two Salvia sections, i.e., S. aethiopis L., S. candidissima Vahl, and S. teddii of Sect. Aethiopis, as well as the cultivated material of S. virgata Jacq. (Sect. Plethiosphace), all belonging to Clade I-C. The EO composition of the Greek endemic S. teddii is presented herein only for the first time. Taken together, the findings of previous studies are summarized and critically discussed with the obtained results. Chemometric analysis (PCA, HCA, and clustered heat map) was used to identify the sample relationships based on their chemical classes, resulting in the classification of two distinct groups. These can be further explored in assistance of classical or modern taxonomic Salvia studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina-Michaela Tomou
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiota Fraskou
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
| | - Konstantina Dimakopoulou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eleftherios Dariotis
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (ELGO Dimitra), 57001 Thermi, Greece (N.K.)
| | - Nikos Krigas
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER (ELGO Dimitra), 57001 Thermi, Greece (N.K.)
| | - Helen Skaltsa
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Chemistry of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece;
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Sheikhian L, Jamalifard Y. Multi-walled carbon nanotube-based dispersive solid phase extraction with following back-extraction for HPLC/UV determination of Rosmarinic acid in lemon balm and Rosemary plant samples. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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4
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Lim Ah Tock M, Combrinck S, Kamatou G, Chen W, Van Vuuren S, Viljoen A. Antibacterial Screening, Biochemometric and Bioautographic Evaluation of the Non-Volatile Bioactive Components of Three Indigenous South African Salvia Species. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11070901. [PMID: 35884155 PMCID: PMC9312202 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11070901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia africana-lutea L., S. lanceolata L., and S. chamelaeagnea L. are used in South Africa as traditional medicines to treat infections. This paper describes an in-depth investigation into their antibacterial activities to identify bioactive compounds. Methanol extracts from 81 samples were screened against seven bacterial pathogens, using the microdilution assay. Biochemometric models were constructed using data derived from minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry data. Active molecules in selected extracts were tentatively identified using high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), combined with bioautography, and finally, by analysis of active zone eluates by mass spectrometry (MS) via a dedicated interface. Salvia chamelaeagnea displayed notable activity towards all seven pathogens, and the activity, reflected by MICs, was superior to that of the other two species, as confirmed through ANOVA. Biochemometric models highlighted potentially bioactive compounds, including rosmanol methyl ether, epiisorosmanol methyl ether and carnosic acid. Bioautography assays revealed inhibition zones against A. baumannii, an increasingly multidrug-resistant pathogen. Mass spectral data of the eluted zones correlated to those revealed through biochemometric analysis. The study demonstrates the application of a biochemometric approach, bioautography, and direct MS analysis as useful tools for the rapid identification of bioactive constituents in plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux Lim Ah Tock
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.L.A.T.); (S.C.); (G.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Sandra Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.L.A.T.); (S.C.); (G.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Guy Kamatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.L.A.T.); (S.C.); (G.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Weiyang Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.L.A.T.); (S.C.); (G.K.); (W.C.)
| | - Sandy Van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa; (M.L.A.T.); (S.C.); (G.K.); (W.C.)
- SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
- Correspondence:
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Abdolbaghian H, Bazgir S. Fabrication and characterization of gas-assisted core-shell hydrogel nanofibers as a drug release system with antibacterial activity. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Neuropeltis acuminata (P. Beauv.): Investigation of the Chemical Variability and In Vitro Anti-inflammatory Activity of the Leaf Essential Oil from the Ivorian Species. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123759. [PMID: 35744884 PMCID: PMC9230793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The variability of chemical composition of the leaf essential oil (EO) from Neuropeltis acuminata, a climbing liana growing wild in Ivory Coast, was investigated for the first time. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was also evaluated. Thirty oil samples were isolated from leaves collected in three forests of the country and analyzed using a combination of Column Chromatography (CC), Gas Chromatography with Retention Indices (GC(FID)), Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and 13Carbon-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C-NMR). Fractionation by CC led to the first-time isolation from natural source of δ-cadinen-11-ol, whose structural elucidation by one dimension (1D) and 2D-NMR spectroscopy is reported here. Finally, 103 constituents accounting for 95.7 to 99.6% of the samples’ compositions were identified. As significant variations of the major constituents were observed, the 30 oil compositions were submitted to hierarchical cluster and principal components analyses. Five distinct groups were evidenced: Group I, dominated by (E)-β-caryophyllene, kessane, and δ-cadinene, while the main constituents of Group II were germacrene B, ledol, α-humulene, (E)-γ-bisabolen-12-ol, and γ-elemene. Group III exhibited guaiol, germacrene D, atractylone, (E)-γ-bisabolen-12-ol, δ-cadinene and bulnesol as main compounds. Group IV was dominated by (E)-nerolidol, guaiol, selina-4(15),7(11)-diene and bulnesol, whereas (E)-β-caryophyllene, α-humulene and α-muurolene were the prevalent compounds of Group V. As the harvest took place in the same dry season in the three forests, the observed chemical variability could be related to harvest sites, which includes climatic and pedologic factors, although genetic factors could not be excluded. The leaf oil sample S24 behaved as a high inhibitor of LipOXygenase (LOX) activity (half maximum Inhibitory Concentration, IC50: 0.059 ± 0.001 mg mL−1), suggesting an anti-inflammatory potential.
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Kambiré DA, Boti JB, Kablan ACL, Ballo D, Paoli M, Brunini V, Tomi F. Chemical Variability and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Leaf Essential Oil from Ivorian Isolona dewevrei (De Wild. & T. Durand) Engl. & Diels. Molecules 2021; 26:6228. [PMID: 34684809 PMCID: PMC8539547 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical variability and the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf essential oil from Ivorian Isolona dewevrei were investigated for the first time. Forty-seven oil samples were analyzed using a combination of CC, GC(RI), GC-MS and 13C-NMR, thus leading to the identification of 113 constituents (90.8-98.9%). As the main components varied drastically from sample to sample, the 47 oil compositions were submitted to hierarchical cluster and principal components analyses. Three distinct groups, each divided into two subgroups, were evidenced. Subgroup I-A was dominated by (Z)-β-ocimene, β-eudesmol, germacrene D and (E)-β-ocimene, while (10βH)-1β,8β-oxido-cadina-4-ene, santalenone, trans-α-bergamotene and trans-β-bergamotene were the main compounds of Subgroup I-B. The prevalent constituents of Subgroup II-A were germacrene B, (E)-β-caryophyllene, (5αH,10βMe)-6,12-oxido-elema-1,3,6,11(12)-tetraene and γ-elemene. Subgroup II-B displayed germacrene B, germacrene D and (Z)-β-ocimene as the majority compounds. Germacrene D was the most abundant constituent of Group III, followed in Subgroup III-A by (E)-β-caryophyllene, (10βH)-1β,8β-oxido-cadina-4-ene, germacrene D-8-one, and then in Subgroup III-B by (Z)-β-ocimene and (E)-β-ocimene. The observed qualitative and quantitative chemical variability was probably due to combined factors, mostly phenology and season, then harvest site to a lesser extent. The lipoxygenase inhibition by a leaf oil sample was also evaluated. The oil IC50 (0.020 ± 0.005 mg/mL) was slightly higher than the non-competitive lipoxygenase inhibitor NDGA IC50 (0.013 ± 0.003 mg/mL), suggesting a significant in vitro anti-inflammatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didjour Albert Kambiré
- UPR de Chimie Organique, Département de Mathématiques, Physique et Chimie, UFR des Sciences Biologiques, Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo BP 1328, Côte d’Ivoire; (D.A.K.); (A.C.L.K.)
| | - Jean Brice Boti
- Laboratoire de Constitution et Réaction de la Matière, UFR-SSMT, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan BP 1328, Côte d’Ivoire; (J.B.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Ahmont Claude Landry Kablan
- UPR de Chimie Organique, Département de Mathématiques, Physique et Chimie, UFR des Sciences Biologiques, Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly, Korhogo BP 1328, Côte d’Ivoire; (D.A.K.); (A.C.L.K.)
| | - Daouda Ballo
- Laboratoire de Constitution et Réaction de la Matière, UFR-SSMT, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, Abidjan BP 1328, Côte d’Ivoire; (J.B.B.); (D.B.)
| | - Mathieu Paoli
- Laboratoire Sciences Pour l’Environnement, Université de Corse—CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Route des Sanguinaires, 20000 Ajaccio, France; (M.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Virginie Brunini
- Laboratoire Sciences Pour l’Environnement, Université de Corse—CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Route des Sanguinaires, 20000 Ajaccio, France; (M.P.); (V.B.)
| | - Félix Tomi
- Laboratoire Sciences Pour l’Environnement, Université de Corse—CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Route des Sanguinaires, 20000 Ajaccio, France; (M.P.); (V.B.)
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Rattray RD, Van Wyk BE. The Botanical, Chemical and Ethnobotanical Diversity of Southern African Lamiaceae. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123712. [PMID: 34207006 PMCID: PMC8233991 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The Lamiaceae is undoubtedly an important plant family, having a rich history of use that spans the globe with many species being used in folk medicine and modern industries alike. Their ability to produce aromatic volatile oils has made them valuable sources of materials in the cosmetic, culinary, and pharmaceutical industries. A thorough account of the taxonomic diversity, chemistry and ethnobotany is lacking for southern African Lamiaceae, which feature some of the region’s most notable medicinal and edible plant species. We provide a comprehensive insight into the Lamiaceae flora of southern Africa, comprising 297 species in 42 genera, 105 of which are endemic to the subcontinent. We further explore the medicinal and traditional uses, where all genera with documented uses are covered for the region. A broad review of the chemistry of southern African Lamiaceae is presented, noting that only 101 species (34%) have been investigated chemically (either their volatile oils or phytochemical characterization of secondary metabolites), thus presenting many and varied opportunities for further studies. The main aim of our study was therefore to present an up-to-date account of the botany, chemistry and traditional uses of the family in southern Africa, and to identify obvious knowledge gaps.
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Abou Baker DH, Amarowicz R, Kandeil A, Ali MA, Ibrahim EA. Antiviral activity of Lavandula angustifolia L. and Salvia officinalis L. essential oils against avian influenza H5N1 virus. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND FOOD RESEARCH 2021; 4:100135. [PMID: 36570026 PMCID: PMC9767472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jafr.2021.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, viral infection is considered a major cause of mortality all over the world such as covid-19 pandemic. In this context, searching for antiviral agents are major researchers interests. In this study, essential oils (EO) of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) and Salvia officinalis (salvia) were subjected to combat avian influenza H5N1 virus. Laboratory trials were performed to identify Lavender and salvia EOs and evaluate their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiviral activity against an avian influenza H5N1 virus. EOs were prepared by the hydrodistillation of air-dried plants and analyzed by GC-MS methods. The results revealed that salvia has the highest EOs yield 1.3% than lavender 1%. The dominant constituents of lavender EO were linalyl acetate and linalool while camphor and α-thujone were the dominant compounds of salvia. Both oils exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS and total antioxidant capacity assays. The results suggest the use of salvia and lavender EOs as effective natural anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiviral agents.
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Key Words
- ABTS•+, 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazloine-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation
- Anti-inflammatory
- Antioxidant
- Antiviral
- Avian influenza
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- DPPH•, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical
- Essential oils
- FID, flame ionization detector
- GC, gas chromatography
- GC-MS, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
- Lavandula angustifolia
- MTT, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- Salvia officinalis
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Affiliation(s)
- Doha H Abou Baker
- Department of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth St. (former El Tahrirst.), Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748-Olsztyn, Tuwima Street 10, Poland
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Department of Water Pollution Research, Division of Environmental Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, Department of Water Pollution Research, Division of Environmental Research, National Research Centre (NRC), Egypt
| | - Eman A Ibrahim
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, National Research Centre (NRC), 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Tahar S, Bendif H, Zedam A, Flamini G, Maggi F. A new chemotype with high tricyclene content from the essential oil of Salvia aegyptiaca L. growing in Algerian Pre-Sahara. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:5364-5369. [PMID: 34044712 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1929218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts of Salvia aegyptiaca L. (Lamiaceae) growing wild in pre-Saharan region of Algeria, was analysed by GC-MS. Forty-one compounds were detected, representing 87.9% of the whole oil. The essential oil of S. aegyptiaca is characterized by the predominance of monoterpene derivatives (70.6%). The major constituents were tricyclene (22.9%), followed by limonene (17.5%), β-pinene (7.4%), caryophyllene oxide (3.2%) and β-caryophyllene (3.1%). Tricyclene, the main component in our analysis is generally absent in the volatile oils from other Salvia species, therefore, the Algerian accession of S. aegyptiaca may be categorized as a new chemo-type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaili Tahar
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of M'sila, Msila, Algeria
| | - Hamdi Bendif
- Department of Natural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of M'sila, Msila, Algeria.,Laboratoire d'Ethnobotanique et des Substances Naturelles, Département des Sciences Naturelles, Ecole Normale Supérieure (ENS), Kouba, Alger, Algérie
| | - Abdelghani Zedam
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Science, University of M'sila, Msila, Algeria
| | - Guido Flamini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, Italy
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Lim Ah Tock MJ, Chen W, Combrinck S, Sandasi M, Kamatou GPP, Viljoen AM. Exploring the phytochemical variation of non-volatile metabolites within three South African Salvia species using UPLC-MS fingerprinting and chemometric analysis. Fitoterapia 2021; 152:104940. [PMID: 34029652 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2021.104940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The South African Salvia species, Salvia africana-lutea, S. lanceolata and S. chamelaeagnea, are widely used to treat fever and inflammation associated with skin and lung infections. The aim of this study was to explore the non-volatile secondary metabolites and the phytochemical variation within these lesser known species, to support product development and commercialisation. Chemical profiles of the methanol extracts of 81 wild-harvested samples were obtained using ultra performance-quadrupole-Time-of-Flight-mass spectrometry (UPLC-qToF-MS). Forty-one compounds, including caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, carnosol, carnosic acid and ursolic acid, were detected and confirmed across the three species. Nineteen compounds were tentatively identified of which 14 have not been reported in these species. Principal component analysis revealed distinct clusters corresponding to the three species, confirming chemical differences. Marker compounds for each species were revealed using orthogonal projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis. Further chemometric analysis reflected a degree of intraspecies variation, although the chemistry within populations was mostly conserved. Potential chemotypes for each species were identified through unique compounds associated with each group. The concentrations of medicinally important metabolites, namely, rosmarinic acid, carnosol, carnosic acid and ursolic acid, were determined, using validated UPLC-PDA methods. Ursolic acid was present at levels up to 38.2 mg/g, confirming that these species are a rich source of this compound. No similar studies combining liquid chromatography with chemometric analysis, and utilising a large sample size from various habitats, have been reported for these three Salvia species. The results will guide selection of cultivars with the best attributes for the intended therapeutic application, thereby protecting wild populations from over-exploitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lim Ah Tock
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - W Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Sandasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - G P P Kamatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A M Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Najar B, Mecacci G, Nardi V, Cervelli C, Nardoni S, Mancianti F, Ebani VV, Giannecchini S, Pistelli L. Volatiles and Antifungal-Antibacterial-Antiviral Activity of South African Salvia spp. Essential Oils Cultivated in Uniform Conditions. Molecules 2021; 26:2826. [PMID: 34068756 PMCID: PMC8126244 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous emissions of S. dentata Aiton and S. scabra Thunb., as well as the essential oil (EO) composition of the cited species, together with S. aurea L., were investigated. The chemical profile of the first two species is reported here for the first time. Moreover, in vitro tests were performed to evaluate the antifungal activity of these EOs on Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Fusarium solani. Secondly, the EO antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus pseudointermedius was examined, and their antiviral efficacy against the H1N1 influenza virus was assessed. Leaf volatile organic compounds (VOCs), as well as the EOs obtained from the arial part of Salvia scabra, were characterized by a high percentage of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (97.8% and 76.6%, respectively), mostly represented by an equal amount of germacrene D (32.8% and 32.7%, respectively). Both leaf and flower spontaneous emissions of S. dentata, as well as the EO composition, showed a prevalence of monoterpenes divided into a more or less equal amount of hydrocarbon and oxygenated compounds. Interestingly, its EO had a non-negligible percentage of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (29.5%). S. aurea EO, on the contrary, was rich in sesquiterpenes, both hydrocarbons and oxygenated compounds (41.5% and 33.5%, respectively). S. dentata EO showed good efficacy (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC): 0.5%) against M. canis. The tested EOs were not active against E. coli and S. aureus, whereas a low inhibition of S. dentata EO was observed on S. pseudointermedius (MIC = 10%). Once again, S. dentata EO showed a very good H1N1 inhibition; contrariwise, S. aurea EO was completely inactive against this virus. The low quantity of S. scabra EO made it impossible to test its biological activity. S. dentata EO exhibited interesting new perspectives for medicinal and industrial uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma Najar
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.M.); (V.N.); (L.P.)
| | - Giulia Mecacci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.M.); (V.N.); (L.P.)
| | - Valeria Nardi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.M.); (V.N.); (L.P.)
| | - Claudio Cervelli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Corso Inglesi 508, 18038 Sanremo, Italy;
| | - Simona Nardoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.N.); (F.M.); (V.V.E.)
| | - Francesca Mancianti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.N.); (F.M.); (V.V.E.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceutical and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (S.N.); (F.M.); (V.V.E.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceutical and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Viale Morgagni 48, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Luisa Pistelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno Pisano 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (G.M.); (V.N.); (L.P.)
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceutical and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto, 80, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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Determination of Suitable Macroporous Resins and Desorbents for Carnosol and Carnosic Acid from Deep Eutectic Solvent Sage ( Salvia officinalis) Extract with Assessment of Antiradical and Antibacterial Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040556. [PMID: 33918515 PMCID: PMC8066625 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, the adsorption/desorption characteristics of carnosic acid and carnosol from deep eutectic solvent extract of Salvia officinalis on five macroporous resins (HP20, XAD7HP, XAD16N, HP21, HP2MG) were evaluated. The high adsorption and medium desorption capacities of carnosic acid and carnosol as well as antibacterial and antiradical activity from the extract obtained with choline chloride:lactic acid (1:2) on XAD7HP resin indicated that resin was appropriate. To get the optimal separation process, the influence of factors such as adsorption/desorption time and volume of desorbent was further investigated. The results showed that the extract with high antiradical and antibacterial activity was obtained via adsorption and desorption on XAD7HP resin. The extraction efficiencies of the deep eutectic solvents (DESs) recycled once, twice, and thrice were 97.64% (±0.03%), 93.10% (±0.66%), and 88.94% (±1.15%), respectively, for carnosic acid, and 96.63% (±0.04%), 94.38% (±0.27%), and 91.19% (±0.36%), respectively, for carnosol, relative to the initial solvent efficiency. Based on that, this method is a promising basis for the large-scale preparation of extracts from Salvia officinalis with further application in the pharmaceutical or food industry, especially for maintaining the “green” character of the whole process to obtain the appropriate extract.
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α-Bisabolol, a Dietary Bioactive Phytochemical Attenuates Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration through Modulation of Oxidative Stress, Neuroinflammation and Apoptosis in Rotenone-Induced Rat Model of Parkinson's disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101421. [PMID: 33049992 PMCID: PMC7599960 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotenone (ROT), a plant-derived pesticide is a well-known environmental neurotoxin associated with causation of Parkinson’s disease (PD). ROT impairs mitochondrial dysfunction being mitochondrial complex-I (MC-1) inhibitor and perturbs antioxidant-oxidant balance that contributes to the onset and development of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in PD. Due to the scarcity of agents to prevent the disease or to cure or halt the progression of symptoms of PD, the focus is on exploring agents from naturally occurring dietary phytochemicals. Among numerous phytochemicals, α-Bisabolol (BSB), natural monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol found in many ornamental flowers and edible plants garnered attention due to its potent pharmacological properties and therapeutic potential. Therefore, the present study investigated the neuroprotective effects of BSB in a rat model of ROT-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration, a pathogenic feature of PD and underlying mechanism targeting oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis. BSB treatment significantly prevented ROT-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons and fibers in the substantia nigra and striatum respectively. BSB treatment also attenuated ROT-induced oxidative stress evidenced by inhibition of MDA formation and GSH depletion as well as improvement in antioxidant enzymes, SOD and catalase. BSB treatment also attenuated ROT-induced activation of the glial cells as well as the induction and release of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and inflammatory mediators (iNOS and COX-2) in the striatum. In addition to countering oxidative stress and inflammation, BSB also attenuated apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons by attenuating downregulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and upregulation of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax, cleaved caspases-3 and 9. Further, BSB was observed to attenuate mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, cytochrome-C release and reinstates the levels/activity of ATP and MC-I. The findings of the study demonstrate that BSB treatment salvaged dopaminergic neurons, attenuated microglia and astrocyte activation, induction of inflammatory mediators, proinflammatory cytokines and reduced the expression of pro-apoptotic markers. The in vitro study on ABTS radical revealed the antioxidant potential of BSB. The results of the present study are clearly suggestive of the neuroprotective effects of BSB through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties in ROT-induced model of PD.
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15
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Lim Ah Tock MJ, Kamatou GPP, Combrinck S, Sandasi M, Viljoen AM. A chemometric assessment of essential oil variation of three Salvia species indigenous to South Africa. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 172:112249. [PMID: 31958659 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous Salvia species from southern Africa are popular traditional medicines for the treatment of a variety of conditions. They produce fragrant volatiles that can be isolated as essential oils. Some of these volatile organic compounds may play a role in the biological activities of the extracts. Three indigenous Salvia species, Salvia africana-lutea, S. lanceolata and S. chamelaeagnea, were selected for this study as they are commonly used in traditional medicine in South Africa, and the essential oils from these species have potential for commercialisation. Although some studies have described the essential oil compositions and some biological activities, only single composite samples were used. The aim of this study was to investigate the intra- and interspecies variation of the essential oils, sampled over a wide geographical area and using a representative sample size, to encourage commercialisation of the essential oil. Essential oils were isolated from individual plants using conventional hydrodistillation of the aerial parts, harvested from several localities. Gas chromatography coupled simultaneously to mass spectrometry/flame ionisation detection (GC-MS/FID) was used to identify and quantify the volatile constituents. The essential oils of S. africana-lutea consisted mainly of terpinene-4-ol + β-caryophyllene (1.4 - 29.0%), T-cadinol (1.2 - 20.0%), α-eudesmol (trace - 23.0%) and β-eudesmol (trace - 26.0%), those of S. lanceolata comprised mainly terpinene-4-ol + β-caryophyllene (4.3 - 31.0%), α-humulene (2.3 - 15.0%), bicyclogermacrene (trace - 37.0%) and spathulenol (trace - 25.0%), while the essential oils of S. chamelaeagnea were characterised by δ-3-carene (trace - 18.0%), limonene (1.6 - 36.0%), viridiflorol (9.8 - 61.0%) and 1,8-cineole (not detected - 11.0%). The compounds identified in the essential oils of the three selected Salvia species have been identified in other Salvia essential oils. To add to the novelty of this study, the superior resolving power of two-dimensional gas chromatography was demonstrated through analysis of selected essential oils. Many additional compounds were identified, and previously co-eluting compounds were clearly separated. Chemometric modelling of the GC-MS data using SIMCA P+ 14 software allowed distinct clustering patterns to be discerned. The unsupervised principal component analysis model revealed separate clusters for the three species, confirming substantial chemical differences between their essential oils. Quantitative, rather than qualitative differences were evident when individual essential oil samples representing the same species, were compared. For each species, two chemically distinct groups were observed and unique marker compounds could be identified. This study has contributed detailed information on the major and minor volatile compounds present in the essential oils of the three Salvia species investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lim Ah Tock
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - G P P Kamatou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - S Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - M Sandasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A M Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa.
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Cock IE, Selesho MI, van Vuuren SF. A review of the traditional use of southern African medicinal plants for the treatment of malaria. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 245:112176. [PMID: 31446074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMALOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria is one of the most prevalent and deadly parasitic diseases globally, with over 200 million new cases and nearly 500,000 deaths reported annually. It is estimated that approximately half of the world's population lives in malaria endemic areas. Malaria is substantially less prevalent in South Africa than in other African regions and the disease is limited to some regions of the Limpopo, Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. However, it still has a significant impact on the health of the populations living in those regions. Traditional medicines have long been used in South Africa by multiple ethic groups and many people continue to rely on these natural therapies for their healthcare. The usage of South African medicinal plants in several traditional healing systems to treat malaria have been documented (particularly for Zulu and Venda traditional medicine), although ethnobotanical investigations of other ethnic groups living in endemic malaria areas remains relatively neglected. AIM OF THE STUDY To document the use of South African medicinal plants known to be used traditionally to treat Plasmodium spp. infections. We also critically reviewed the literature on the therapeutic properties of these and other South African plants screened against Plasmodium spp. parasites with the aim of highlighting neglected studies and fostering future research in this area. MATERIALS AND METHODS Books and ethnobotanical reviews were examined for medicinal plants used specifically for fever. Exclusion criteria were studies not involving southern African medicinal plants. Furthermore, while fever is a common symptom of malaria, if not accompanied by the term "malaria" it was not considered. Databases including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus and Google Scholar were used to source research relevant to southern African plants and malaria. Exclusion criteria were those publications where full articles could not be accessed. RESULTS Eighty South African plant species were identified as traditional therapies for malaria. The majority of these species were documented in Zulu ethnobotanical records, despite malaria occurring in only a relatively small portion of the Zulu's traditional territory. Surprisingly, far fewer species were reported to be used by Venda, Ndebele, northern Sotho, Tsonga, Tswana, and Pedi people, despite them living in endemic malaria areas. Interestingly many of the identified species have not been investigated further. This review summarises the available ethnobotanical and laboratory research in this field, with the aim of promoting and focusing research on priority areas. CONCLUSION Although malaria remains a serious disease affecting millions of people, medicinal plants while used extensively, have not been given the attention warranted for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I E Cock
- School of Environment and Science, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia; Environmental Futures Research Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Rd, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
| | - M I Selesho
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa
| | - S F van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Gauteng, 2193, South Africa.
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Kamatou GP, van Zyl RL, van Vuuren SF, Viljoen AM, Figueiredo AC, Barroso JG, Pedro LG, Tilney PM. Chemical Composition, Leaf Trichome Types and Biological Activities of the Essential Oils of Four Related Salvia Species Indigenous to Southern Africa. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2006.12067125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy P.P. Kamatou
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Robyn L. van Zyl
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Sandy F. van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Alvaro M. Viljoen
- School of Pharmacy, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - A. Cristina Figueiredo
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José G. Barroso
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis G. Pedro
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patricia M. Tilney
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannnesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006, South Africa
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18
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Kamatou GPP, van Zyl RL, van Vuuren SF, Viljoen AM, Figueiredo AC, Barroso JG, Pedro LG. Biological Activities and Composition of Salvia muirii L. Bol. Essential Oil. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2006.12067119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy P. P. Kamatou
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Robyn L. van Zyl
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Sandy F. van Vuuren
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, South Africa
| | - Alvaro M. Viljoen
- School of Pharmacy, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - A. Cristina Figueiredo
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José G. Barroso
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luis G. Pedro
- Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Ciências de Lisboa, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Centro de Biotecnologia Vegetal, C2, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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Gonulalan EM, Nemutlu E, Demirezer LO. A new perspective on evaluation of medicinal plant biological activities: The correlation between phytomics and matrix metalloproteinases activities of some medicinal plants. Saudi Pharm J 2019; 27:446-452. [PMID: 30976190 PMCID: PMC6438986 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytomics or metabolomics is analysis of large-scale primary and secondary metabolites of plant extracts and provides very meaningful data to monitor or evaluate cellular function or systems biology. The activity of plant extracts depends on the synergistic/antagonistic effect of different metabolites rather than single active metabolites. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have an active role in the formation of many diseases. To our knowledge, there is no study on the correlation between the phytomics and MMP inhibitory activity of Achillea millefolium, Achillea filipendulina (Asteraceae), Mentha piperita, and Salvia officinalis (Lamiaceae), (AAMS). Therefore, this study aimed to correlate the metabolomics profiling of AAMS extracts to identify the metabolites responsible for the MMP inhibitory activity based on phytomics data. The AAMS extracts showed a significant MMP inhibitory effect (57.73–92.73%) at different concentrations (25–500 μg/mL). In order to identify the metabolites responsible for such activities in the extract, the metabolomic profiling of the plants was investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After deconvolution and aligning of the chromatograms, 284 metabolites were detected, of which 149 were annotated using retention index libraries. Multivariate analyses results indicated that A. millefolium and A. filipendulina showed similar metabolomic profiles, while M. piperita and S. officinalis differed both from each other and from Achillea species. The correlation analysis was applied to evaluate the correlation between metabolomic levels and MMP inhibitory activities, and 96 metabolites had a negative correlation (r ≤ −0.70) and 55 had a highly positive correlation (r ≥ 0.70) with MMP inhibitory activity. This is the first study which revealed that phytomics, plant metabolomics, can be used for activity evaluation and a single metabolite may not be responsible for a specific activity. In conclusion, phytomics can be a more useful tool for the evaluation of the activities than investigating a single metabolite. This new perspective can also provide a better understanding of plant metabolomics and can be easily employed for future research on plant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekrem-Murat Gonulalan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emirhan Nemutlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Lutfiye-Omur Demirezer
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 06100 Sihhiye, Ankara, Turkey
- Corresponding author.
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Pavić V, Jakovljević M, Molnar M, Jokić S. Extraction of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol from Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Leaves by Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Their Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8010016. [PMID: 30634542 PMCID: PMC6359053 DOI: 10.3390/plants8010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is a good source of antioxidant compounds, carnosic acid and carnosol being the prominent ones. Both are soluble in CO2, and our goal was to investigate the application of supercritical CO2 extraction to obtain sage extracts rich in these compounds. The effect of pressure, temperature, and CO2 flow rate on the carnosic acid and carnosol yield was studied. These variables were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The pressure significantly affected carnosol extraction, while the extraction of carnosic acid was affected by the pressure, temperature, and CO2 flow rate. Carnosic acid content varied from 0.29–120.0 µg mg−1, and carnosol content from 0.46–65.5 µg mg−1. The optimal conditions according to RSM were a pressure of 29.5 MPa, a temperature of 49.1 °C, and a CO2 flow rate of 3 kg h−1, and the sage extract yield was calculated to be 6.54%, carnosic acid content 105 µg mg−1, and carnosol content 56.3 µg mg−1. The antioxidant activities of the sage extracts were evaluated by the scavenging activities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Sage extract obtained at 30 MPa and 40 °C with 2 kg h−1 CO2 flow rate with a carnosic acid content of 72 µg mg−1 and carnosol content of 55 µg mg−1 exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (80.0 ± 0.68%) amongst the investigated supercritical fluid extracts at 25 µg mL−1 concentration. The antimicrobial properties of extracts were tested on four bacterial strains: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The extract with a carnosic acid content of 116 µg mg−1 and a carnosol content of 60.6 µg mg−1 was found to be the most potent agent against B. subtilis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Pavić
- Department of Biology, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Cara Hadrijana 8/A, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Martina Jakovljević
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Maja Molnar
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
| | - Stela Jokić
- Faculty of Food Technology Osijek, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Franje Kuhača 20, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
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Malti CEW, Baccati C, Mariani M, Hassani F, Babali B, Atik-Bekkara F, Paoli M, Maury J, Tomi F, Bekhechi C. Biological Activities and Chemical Composition of Santolina africana Jord. et Fourr. Aerial Part Essential Oil from Algeria: Occurrence of Polyacetylene Derivatives. Molecules 2019; 24:E204. [PMID: 30626015 PMCID: PMC6337488 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of 18 oil samples of Santolina africana isolated from aerial parts at full flowering, collected in three locations in eastern Algeria was determined by GC(RI), GC/MS and 13C-NMR analysis. The major components were: germacrene D, myrcene, spathulenol, α-bisabolol, β-pinene, 1,8-cineole, cis-chrysanthenol, capillene, santolina alcohol, camphor, terpinen-4-ol and lyratol. The chemical composition appeared homogeneous and characterized by the occurrence of four derivatives which exhibited a conjugated alkene dialkyne moiety. They were identified for the first time in an essential oil from S. africana. The collective oil sample exhibited moderate antimicrobial and antioxidant activities whereas the anti-inflammatory activity presented a real potential. IC50 value of Santolina africana essential oil (0.065 ± 0.004 mg/mL) is 5-fold higher than IC50 value of NDGA used as positive control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charaf Eddine Watheq Malti
- Laboratoire des Produits Naturels, Département de Biologie, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Imama Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
| | - Clémentine Baccati
- Université de Corse-CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Route des Sanguinaires, 20000 Ajaccio, France.
| | - Magali Mariani
- Université de Corse-CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Route des Sanguinaires, 20000 Ajaccio, France.
| | - Faiçal Hassani
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et Gestion des Ecosystèmes Naturels, Département d'Ecologie et Environnement, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Imama Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
| | - Brahim Babali
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie et Gestion des Ecosystèmes Naturels, Département d'Ecologie et Environnement, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Imama Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
| | - Fewzia Atik-Bekkara
- Laboratoire des Produits Naturels, Département de Biologie, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Imama Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
| | - Mathieu Paoli
- Université de Corse-CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Route des Sanguinaires, 20000 Ajaccio, France.
| | - Jacques Maury
- Université de Corse-CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Route des Sanguinaires, 20000 Ajaccio, France.
| | - Félix Tomi
- Université de Corse-CNRS, UMR 6134 SPE, Route des Sanguinaires, 20000 Ajaccio, France.
| | - Chahrazed Bekhechi
- Laboratoire des Produits Naturels, Département de Biologie, Université Abou Bekr Belkaïd, Imama Tlemcen 13000, Algeria.
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Singh BP, Yadav D, Vij S. Soybean Bioactive Molecules: Current Trend and Future Prospective. BIOACTIVE MOLECULES IN FOOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-78030-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Gulumian M, Yahaya ES, Steenkamp V. African Herbal Remedies with Antioxidant Activity: A Potential Resource Base for Wound Treatment. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2018; 2018:4089541. [PMID: 30595712 PMCID: PMC6282146 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4089541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The use of traditional herbal remedies as alternative medicine plays an important role in Africa since it forms part of primary health care for treatment of various medical conditions, including wounds. Although physiological levels of free radicals are essential to the healing process, they are known to partly contribute to wound chronicity when in excess. Consequently, antioxidant therapy has been shown to facilitate healing of such wounds. Also, a growing body of evidence suggests that, at least, part of the therapeutic value of herbals may be explained by their antioxidant activity. This paper reviews African herbal remedies with antioxidant activity with the aim of indicating potential resources for wound treatment. Firstly, herbals with identified antioxidant compounds and, secondly, herbals with proven antioxidant activity, but where the compound(s) responsible for the activity has not yet been identified, are listed. In the latter case it has been attempted to ascribe the activity to a compound known to be present in the plant family and/or species, where related activity has previously been documented for another genus of the species. Also, the tests employed to assess antioxidant activity and the potential caveats thereof during assessment are briefly commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Gulumian
- National Institute for Occupational Health, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Haematology and Molecular Medicine, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ewura Seidu Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Vanessa Steenkamp
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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(-)-α-bisabolol prevents neuronal damage and memory deficits through reduction of proinflammatory markers induced by permanent focal cerebral ischemia in mice. Eur J Pharmacol 2018; 842:270-280. [PMID: 30287152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of ischemic stroke involves multiple events such as inflammation and oxidative stress which will lead to neuronal death and cognitive deficits. The (-)-α-bisabolol is a monocyclic sesquiterpene alcohol found in various plants and mainly in Matricaria chamomilla, which exerts antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. The aim of this work was to investigate the neuroprotective effects of (-)-α-bisabolol in mice underwent permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (pMCAO). Animals were treated with (-)-α-bisabolol (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day, orally) or vehicle (3% tween 80) one day before and 1 h after pMCAO and the treatment continued once daily for the following five days. The treatment with (-)-α-bisabolol (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the infarcted area and neurological deficits caused by pMCAO. (-)-α-bisabolol at the 200 mg/kg dose increased cell viability and decreased neuronal degeneration, as evaluated by cresyl violet and Fluoro-Jade C stainings, respectively. (-)-α-bisabolol also increased the locomotor activity which was reduced by cerebral ischemia and improved pMCAO-induced working, spatial, object recognition, and aversive memories deficits. (-)-α-bisabolol (200 mg/kg) significantly prevented the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, TNF-α immunoreactivity in the temporal cortex, and the increase of iNOS both in the temporal cortex and in the striatum. (-)-α-bisabolol treatment also prevented astrogliosis in these areas. These data showed that (-)-α-bisabolol provides neuroprotective action probably due to its anti-inflammatory activity, although other mechanisms cannot be discarded.
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Jokić S, Molnar M, Jakovljević M, Aladić K, Jerković I. Optimization of supercritical CO2 extraction of Salvia officinalis L. leaves targeted on Oxygenated monoterpenes, α-humulene, viridiflorol and manool. J Supercrit Fluids 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2017.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Llurba-Montesino N, Schmidt TJ. Salvia Species as Sources of Natural Products with Antiprotozoal Activity. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E264. [PMID: 29337909 PMCID: PMC5796210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products from plants have been used since ancestral times to treat a wide variety of diseases worldwide. Plants of the genus Salvia (Sage) have been reported to be used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases and ailments. In particular, some Salvia species have been used in traditional medicine to treat diseases caused by protozoan parasites of the genera Trypanosoma, Leishmania and Plasmodium and scientific studies have demonstrated the activity of various isolated constituents from these plants against these pathogens. The current review attempts to give a critical overview of published information about the antiprotozoal activity of species of the genus Salvia and their chemical constituents. It is meant to give a unified overview of these results in order to avoid repetitions caused, e.g., by limited access to some primary reports, and to stimulate further research to possibly facilitate the development of new molecular leads against protozoal neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) based on Salvia constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Llurba-Montesino
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Phytochemie (IPBP), University of Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Thomas J Schmidt
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Biologie und Phytochemie (IPBP), University of Münster, PharmaCampus, Corrensstraße 48, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Cutillas AB, Carrasco A, Martinez-Gutierrez R, Tomas V, Tudela J. Composition and Antioxidant, Antienzymatic and Antimicrobial Activities of Volatile Molecules from Spanish Salvia lavandulifolia (Vahl) Essential Oils. Molecules 2017; 22:E1382. [PMID: 28825692 PMCID: PMC6152226 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22081382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study describes the composition of Salvia lavandulifolia (Vahl) essential oils (SlEOs) obtained from plants cultivated in Murcia (Spain), as determined by gas chromatography. Relative and absolute concentrations, the enantiomeric ratios of chiral compounds and the in vitro antioxidant, antienzymatic and antimicrobial activities are described. The main components of the SlEOs were camphor, 1,8-cineole, camphene and α-pinene, and the main enantiomers were (+)-camphor and (-)-camphene. The activities against free radicals and the capacity to reduce and chelate metallic ions were measured. SlEO-3 showed the highest activity in ORAC, DPPH, ABTS and reducing power methods, while SlEO-1 exhibited the highest chelating power. The activity of lipoxygenase and acetylcholinesterase could be inhibited by all the SlEOs, being bornyl acetate and limonene the most active individual compounds against lipoxygenase and 1,8-cineole against acetylcholinesterase. SlEOs and some individual compounds inhibited Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. These results increase our knowledge of SlEOs and, particularly, provide for the first time a complete characterization of SlEOs from Murcia, Spain, while proposing possible biotechnological uses for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Belen Cutillas
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Alejandro Carrasco
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | | | - Virginia Tomas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose Tudela
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Moteetee A, Seleteng Kose L. Medicinal plants used in Lesotho for treatment of reproductive and post reproductive problems. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 194:827-849. [PMID: 27780751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Reproductive healthcare has been highlighted as a major challenge in Lesotho mainly due to the high prevalence of HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections. As a result other reproductive ailments have not received much attention, particularly because healthcare facilities are already limited and many of them are inaccessible. For these reasons, medicinal plants play a major role in primary healthcare system in the country, in addition the plants are easily accessible, more affordable, and their use forms part of the cultural heritage. However, documentation of medicinal plants used for reproductive ailments is scattered, more importantly the biological and pharmacological properties, as well as toxicity of many of these plants are not yet known. AIM OF THE STUDY To document the plants used by both male and female Basotho (residing in Lesotho) for the treatment of reproductive ailments, to explore their recorded biological and pharmacological effects as well as their toxicity, and to establish if these plants are used for similar purposes in other southern African cultures. MATERIALS AND METHODS The results stem from published findings of recent interviews of traditional medicinal practitioners in the Maseru District of Lesotho, first author's own experiences and observations from the Qacha's Nek District as well as comprehensive literature survey including numerous books and unpublished data. Electronic databases such as Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, and ScienceDirect were also used to search for the chemical compounds, pharmacological activity, and toxicity of the plants. RESULTS A total of 87 plant species are reported to be used for the treatment of several reproductive problems such as infertility, complications associated with pregnancy (twelve plants are used to treat conditions such as colic, heartburn, nausea, and constipation), cleansing and/ or toning of the uterus (with a purpose either to induce pregnancy or to get rid of the placenta, for example Withania somnifera and Zantedeschia albomaculata), difficult childbirth, as well treatment of breast and cervical cancer, cysts, fibroids, and testicular tumours (e.g. Hypoxis hemerocallidea). For the toning of the uterus, it is common to use a combination of plants, e.g. Gunnera perpensa, Scabiosa columbaria, and Eriospermum ornithogaloides. CONCLUSIONS Of the 87 plants used for reproductive healthcare, the highest number (31) is used for the treatment of infertility (in both men and women). The pharmacological effects, active compounds, and toxicology of many of these plants are not yet known.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moteetee
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - L Seleteng Kose
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Vecchio MG, Loganes C, Minto C. Beneficial and Healthy Properties of Eucalyptus Plants: A Great Potential Use. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.2174/1874331501610010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Eucalyptus (Eucapyptusspp.), an evergreen tall tree native to Australia and Tasmania, has been used since ancient times by the aboriginal population for several purposes. In particular, the speciesE. globulusis widely used in the pulp industry, as well as for the production of eucalyptus oil extracted on a commercial scale in many countries as raw materials in perfumery, cosmetics, food, beverages, aromatherapy and phytotherapy. The 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), the principal and the most important constituent extracted from eucalyptus leaves, demonstrated an antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Despite the fact that the healthy effects of eucalyptus have been well established by research, further studies are necessary to investigate other prime effects of the plant and its possible implication in the treatment of a greater number of pathological conditions.
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Effects of in Ovo Injection and Inclusion a Blend of Essential Oils and Organic Acids in High NSPs Diets of Broiler Breeders on Performance of Them and Their Offspring. J Poult Sci 2016; 53:192-200. [PMID: 32908383 PMCID: PMC7477136 DOI: 10.2141/jpsa.0150150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Two factorial completely randomized design trials 2×2 and 2×2×2 were conducted to evaluate the effect of a blend of essential oils and organic acids (Biacid™) in broiler breeder diets at two levels, two dietary non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) levels and in ovo injection of Biacid™ on their progenies performance, respectively. 240 broiler breeders of Ross 308 strain were fed from the age of week 44th for 12 weeks in four groups. 120 produced eggs from each group were divided in two groups of 60 eggs for injecting by 0.5 ml of Biacid™ or distilled water. Injection was done during transferring from setter to hatcher in day 18th of incubation. Twenty-five cockerels from each of 8 treatments were housed into separate pens. Using Biacid™ and high NSPs in broiler breeders' ration affected hatchability, embryo mortality, weight of day old chicks and progenies' carcass yield significantly (p<0.05) whereas in ovo injection of Biacid™ did not show significant effects in this regards (p≥0.05). Offspring's abdominal fat was neither affected by broiler breeders' rations nor in ovo injection of Biacid™ (p≥0.05). Biacid™ and high NSPs content in broiler breeders' ration affected all primary and secondary humoral immune responses of progenies against sheep red blood cells (p<0.05). In ovo injection of Biacid™ increased the primary IgG, primary IgT and secondary IgG responses (p<0.05). The interaction of the effects of Biacid™ and high NSPs in broiler breeders' ration and also in ovo injection of Biacid™ affected progenies' weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and European production index significantly (p<0.05). It seems that using Biacid™ in broiler breeders' diet can modify the undesirable effects of high NSPs content of breeders' ration on performance of their offspring.
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31
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Temel HE, Demirci B, Demirci F, Celep F, Kahraman A, Doğan M, Hüsnü Can Başer K. Chemical characterization and anticholinesterase effects of essential oils derived from Salvia species. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2016.1159257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Halide. E. Temel
- Department of Biochemistry, Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Betül Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Celep
- Department of Biology, Gazi University, Poılatlı Faculty of Science and Letters, Polatlı Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kahraman
- Department of Biology, Uşak University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Uşak, Turkey
| | - Musa Doğan
- Department of Biology, Middle East Technical University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kemal Hüsnü Can Başer
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, King Saud University, Faculty of Science, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Popović VB, Petrović SD, Milenković MT, Drobac MM, Couladis MA, Niketić MS. Composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils of Laserpitium latifolium L. and L. ochridanum Micevski (Apiaceae). Chem Biodivers 2015; 12:170-7. [PMID: 25641845 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Laserpitium latifolium and L. ochridanum were investigated. The essential oils were isolated by steam distillation and characterized by GC-FID and GC/MS analyses. All essential oils were distinguished by high contents of monoterpenes, and α-pinene was the most abundant compound in the essential oils of L. latifolium underground parts and fruits (contents of 44.4 and 44.0%, resp.). The fruit essential oil was also rich in sabinene (26.8%). Regarding the L. ochridanum essential oils, the main constituents were limonene in the fruit oil (57.7%) and sabinene in the herb oil (25.9%). The antimicrobial activity of these essential oils as well as that of L. ochridanum underground parts, whose composition was reported previously, was tested by the broth-microdilution method against four Gram-positive and three Gram-negative bacteria and two Candida albicans strains. Except the L. latifolium underground-parts essential oil, the other investigated oils showed a high antimicrobial potential against Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Micrococcus luteus, or Candida albicans (minimal inhibitory concentrations of 13.0-73.0 μg/ml), comparable to or even higher than that of thymol, which was used as reference compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Višnja B Popović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, V. Stepe 450, RS-11221 Belgrade (phone: +381-11-3951319; fax: +381-11-3972840); Ghent University, Faculty of Science, Laboratory for Organic and Bio-organic Synthesis, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Krijgslaan 281 S4, BE-9000 Ghent, (phone: +32-9-2644476; fax: +32-9-2644998). ,
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Chingwaru W, Vidmar J, Kapewangolo PT. The Potential of Sub-Saharan African Plants in the Management of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections: A Review. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1452-87. [PMID: 26337608 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Southern Africa. Phytomedicines are an integral part of African health care. The Southern African flora is composed of at least 23 400 taxa. Despite this richness, only a handful of botanical products have been assessed for activities against HIV. This study aimed to summarize the potential of Sub-Saharan African plants, based on their composition and the established bioactivities, as sources of agents to manage HIV symptoms and as retroviral therapy. At least 109 plant species from 42 families and 94 genera that are found in Southern Africa were shown to have potential or actual activities against HIV. Only 12 of these plant species from 6 families and 10 genera were shown to harbour anti-HIV properties. Phytochemicals that include β-sitosterols, terpenoids, glycosides, saponins, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins and alkaloids, which harbour anti-HIV properties, were found to have a near cosmopolitan presence across the plant families in the region. Bioactivities of multiple phytochemicals are comparable to those for standard allopathic antiretroviral drugs. Research to determine the anti-HIV activities of the identified and other plants, including clinical trials, is long overdue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Chingwaru
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Bindura University of Science Education, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe.,Institute Ceres/Zavod Ceres, Lahovna 16, 3000, Celje, Slovenia
| | - Jerneja Vidmar
- Institute Ceres/Zavod Ceres, Lahovna 16, 3000, Celje, Slovenia.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Centre Maribor, Ljubljanska 5, 2000, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Petrina T Kapewangolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Namibia, P/Bag 13301, 340 Mandume Ndemufayo Avenue, Pionierspark, Windhoek, Namibia
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Cao J, Wei J, Tian K, Su H, Wan J, Li P. Simultaneous determination of seven phenolic acids in three Salvia species by capillary zone electrophoresis with β-cyclodextrin as modifier. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:3738-44. [PMID: 25296843 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A capillary zone electrophoresis method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven phenolic acids, including protocatechuic aldehyde (1), salvianolic acid C (2), rosmarinic acid (3), salvianolic acid A (4), danshensu (5), salvianolic acid B (6), and protocatechuic acid (7), in Danshen and related medicinal plants. A running buffer composed of 20 mM sodium tetraborate adjusted to pH 9.0, and containing 12 mM β-cyclodextrin as modifier. Baseline separation was achieved within 17 min running at the voltage of 20 kV, temperature of 25°C and detection wavelength of 280 nm. The relative standard deviations of migration time ranged from 0.2 to 0.7% and the peak area ranged from 1.5 to 3.7% for the seven analytes, indicating the good repeatability of the proposed method. The method was extensively validated by evaluating the linearity (R(2) ≥ 0.9992), limits of detection (0.14-0.36 μg/mL), limits of quantification (0.47-1.19 μg/mL), and recovery (96.0-102.6%). Under the optimum conditions, samples of Danshen and related medicinal plants were analyzed using the developed method with high separation efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
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Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Essential Oils from Five Selected Herbs. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:1977-83. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Lall N, Kishore N. Are plants used for skin care in South Africa fully explored? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:61-84. [PMID: 24566124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE South Africa is an important focal point of botanical diversity, and although many plant species have been used since ancient times in ethnomedicine, only a few species have hitherto been fully investigated scientifically. A large proportion of the South African population use traditional medicines for their physical and psychological health needs. Many medicinal plants have recently gained popularity as ingredient in cosmetic formulations based on their ethnomedicinal values and many cosmetic products sold in stores are of natural origin. The present review discusses the ethnopharmacological values, pharmacological and toxicological evidence of 117 plant species grown in South Africa, which are used traditionally for skin care purposes. Special focus was on their traditional use for many skin disorders in order to identify their therapeutic potential, the state of ethnopharmacological knowledge and special emphasis has been on areas which require further research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The information regarding all 117 plant species mentioned was extracted from Sci-Finder, Science direct, Medline and Google Scholar. All the available relevant data for medicinal plants was collated from literature review articles from the 19th century to early 2013. RESULTS The extracts from different parts of plants exhibited significant pharmacological properties, proving significant skin care potentials. Special emphasis was on those plant species which still need further exploration and these have been documented separately. CONCLUSIONS Despite the immense use of plants in ethnomedicine for skin care, limited research has been done on the activity of the crude extracts and very little on the active constituents. Consequently, almost 35 out of the 117 species are totally unexplored in the area of skin care. This investigation would be of interest to a broad readership including those researchers working in this field. The plant species namely: Greyia flanaganii, Sideroxylon inerme, Sclerocarya birrea, Calodendrum capense, Hyaenanche globosa, Harpephyllum caffrum, Ximenia americana, Leucosidea sericea Artemisia afra, and six Aloe species have been scientifically validated by our research group for skin hyperpigmentation problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrita Lall
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Science Complex, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
| | - Navneet Kishore
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Science Complex, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa.
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Mitoshi M, Kuriyama I, Nakayama H, Miyazato H, Sugimoto K, Kobayashi Y, Jippo T, Kuramochi K, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Suppression of allergic and inflammatory responses by essential oils derived from herbal plants and citrus fruits. Int J Mol Med 2014; 33:1643-51. [PMID: 24682420 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the biological activity of 20 essential oils (EOs) derived from herbal plants and citrus fruits. The in vitro anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory activities of these oils were investigated, and the EO which was found to have the strongest activity of the 20 EOs examined, was investigated further to identify its components and bioactive compounds. The in vitro anti-allergic activity was determined by measuring the release of β-hexosaminidase from rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cells treated with the calcium ionophore, A23187. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was determined by measuring the production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in RAW264.7 murine macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide. Among the EOs examined, lemongrass [Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf] elicited the strongest anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects. A principal component of this EO is citral (3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-1-al) (74.5%), a mixture of the stereoisomers, geranial (trans-citral, 40.16%) and neral (cis-citral, 34.24%), as determined by chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The activities of citral and geranial are similar to those of lemongrass EO. These compounds elicited significant in vivo anti-allergic and anti-inflammatory effects, suppressing an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-induced passive cutaneous anaphylactic reaction in mice and a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced inflammatory mouse ear edema, respectively. Our data demonstrate that lemongrass EO and its constituents, citral and geranial, may be a therapeutic candidate for allergic and inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Mitoshi
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 651‑2180, Japan
| | - Isoko Kuriyama
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 651‑2180, Japan
| | - Hiroto Nakayama
- Research and Development Center, Nagaoka Perfumery Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0005, Japan
| | - Hironari Miyazato
- Research and Development Center, Nagaoka Perfumery Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0005, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Sugimoto
- Research and Development Center, Nagaoka Perfumery Co., Ltd., Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0005, Japan
| | - Yuko Kobayashi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Senri Kinran University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0873, Japan
| | - Tomoko Jippo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Life Sciences, Senri Kinran University, Suita, Osaka 565‑0873, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuramochi
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Hiromi Yoshida
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 651‑2180, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Mizushina
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Kobe, Hyogo 651‑2180, Japan
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Nkomo MM, Katerere DDR, Vismer HHF, Cruz TT, Balayssac SS, Malet-Martino MM, Makunga NNP. Fusarium inhibition by wild populations of the medicinal plant Salvia africana-lutea L. linked to metabolomic profiling. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:99. [PMID: 24621275 PMCID: PMC4101822 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Salvia africana-lutea L., an important medicinal sage used in the Western Cape (South Africa), can be termed a ‘broad-spectrum remedy’ suggesting the presence of a multiplicity of bioactive metabolites. This study aimed at assessing wild S. africana-lutea populations for chemotypic variation and anti-Fusarium properties. Methods Samples were collected from four wild growing population sites (Yzerfontein, Silwerstroomstrand, Koeberg and Brackenfell) and one garden growing location in Stellenbosch. Their antifungal activities against Fusarium verticillioides (strains: MRC 826 and MRC 8267) and F. proliferatum (strains: MRC 6908 and MRC 7140) that are aggressive mycotoxigenic phytopathogens were compared using an in vitro microdilution assay. To correlate antifungal activity to chemical profiles, three techniques viz. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS); Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) were employed. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to the NMR data. The partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to integrate LC-MS and NMR data sets. All statistics were performed with the SIMCA-P + 12.0 software. Results The dichloromethane:methanol (1:1; v/v) extracts of the plant species collected from Stellenbosch demonstrated the strongest inhibition of F. verticillioides and F. proliferatum with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 0.031 mg ml-1 and 0.063 mg ml-1 respectively. GC-MS showed four compounds which were unique to the Stellenbosch extracts. By integrating LC-MS and 1H NMR analyses, large chemotype differences leading to samples grouping by site when a multivariate analysis was performed, suggested strong plant-environment interactions as factors influencing metabolite composition. Signals distinguishing the Stellenbosch profile were in the aromatic part of the 1H NMR spectra. Conclusions This study shows the potential of chemotypes of Salvia africana-lutea in controlling fungal growth and consequently mycotoxin production. Products for use in the agricultural sector may be developed from such chemotypes.
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McGaw LJ, Bagla VP, Steenkamp PA, Fouche G, Olivier J, Eloff JN, Myer MS. Antifungal and antibacterial activity and chemical composition of polar and non-polar extracts of Athrixia phylicoides determined using bioautography and HPLC. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:356. [PMID: 24330447 PMCID: PMC3878802 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Athrixia phylicoides DC. (Asteraceae) is used medicinally in South Africa to treat a plethora of ailments, including heart problems, diabetes, diarrhoea, sores and infected wounds. It is also prepared in the form of a tea (hot decoction) taken as a refreshing, pleasant-tasting beverage with commercialization potential. Methods Extracts of the dried ground aerial parts were prepared using organic solvents (diethyl ether, dichloromethane/methanol, ethyl acetate and ethanol) and water. These extracts were subjected to HPLC, TLC and bioautography analysis with the aim of linking a range of peaks visualized in HPLC chromatography profiles to antibacterial and antifungal activity of the same extracts. Results HPLC revealed a group of compounds extracted by more than one solvent. Compounds identified include inositol, caffeic acid, quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin, hymenoxin and oleanolic acid. The organic extracts displayed similar TLC profiles, and bioautography indicated approximately five antibacterial compounds, but only two antifungal compounds in these extracts. Bioautography indicated that cold water extracted the least antimicrobial compounds. Conclusions Several previously unknown compounds were identified in Athrixia phylicoides extracts, and bioautography indicated a number of antibacterial and antifungal compounds. There were notable differences in chemical composition and bioactivity between the organic and aqueous extracts. Further research is necessary to fully characterize the active components of the extracts.
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Yang L, Ding G, Lin H, Cheng H, Kong Y, Wei Y, Fang X, Liu R, Wang L, Chen X, Yang C. Transcriptome analysis of medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza and identification of genes related to tanshinone biosynthesis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e80464. [PMID: 24260395 PMCID: PMC3834075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0080464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a perennial plant of Lamiaceae, accumulates abietane-type diterpenoids of tanshinones in root, which have been used as traditional Chinese medicine to treat neuroasthenic insomnia and cardiovascular diseases. However, to date the biosynthetic pathway of tanshinones is only partially elucidated and the mechanism for their root-specific accumulation remains unknown. To identify enzymes and transcriptional regulators involved in the biosynthesis of tanshinones, we conducted transcriptome profiling of S. miltiorrhiza root and leaf tissues using the 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing platform, which generated 550,546 and 525,292 reads, respectively. RNA sequencing reads were assembled and clustered into 64,139 unigenes (29,883 isotigs and 34,256 singletons). NCBI non-redundant protein databases (NR) and Swiss-Prot database searches anchored 32,096 unigenes (50%) with functional annotations based on sequence similarities. Further assignments with Gene Ontology (GO) terms and KEGG biochemical pathways identified 168 unigenes referring to the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis (including 144 MEP and MVA pathway genes and 24 terpene synthases). Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes identified 2,863 unigenes that were highly expressed in roots, including those encoding enzymes of early steps of tanshinone biosynthetic pathway, such as copalyl diphosphate synthase (SmCPS), kaurene synthase-like (SmKSL) and CYP76AH1. Other differentially expressed unigenes predicted to be related to tanshinone biosynthesis fall into cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, dehydrogenases and reductases, as well as regulatory factors. In addition, 21 P450 genes were selectively confirmed by real-time PCR. Thus we have generated a large unigene dataset which provides a valuable resource for further investigation of the radix development and biosynthesis of tanshinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Essential oil of common sage (Salvia officinalis L.) from Jordan: assessment of safety in mammalian cells and its antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:538940. [PMID: 24224168 PMCID: PMC3809930 DOI: 10.1155/2013/538940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Salvia officinalis L. (Lamiaceae) is a Mediterranean species, naturalized in many countries. In Jordan, it is used in traditional medicine as antiseptic, antiscabies, antisyphilitic, and anti-inflammatory, being frequently used against skin diseases. This study aimed the assessment of the antifungal and anti-inflammatory potential of its essential oils, and their cytotoxicity on macrophages and keratinocytes. The oils were investigated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and the antifungal activity was evaluated against yeasts, dermatophyte and Aspergillus strains. Assessment of cell viability was made by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential was evaluated by measuring nitric oxide production using lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse macrophages. The main compounds of S. officinalis oils were 1,8-cineole (39.5–50.3%) and camphor (8.8–25.0%). The oils revealed antifungal activity against dermatophyte strains and significantly inhibited NO production stimulated by LPS in macrophages, without affecting cell viability, in concentrations up to 0.64 μL/mL. This is the first report addressing the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of S. officinalis oil. These findings demonstrated that bioactive concentrations of S. officinalis oils do not affect mammalian macrophages and keratinocytes viability making them suitable to be incorporated in skin care formulations for cosmetic and pharmaceutical purposes.
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Abu-Dahab R, Afifi F, Kasabri V, Majdalawi L, Naffa R. Comparison of the antiproliferative activity of crude ethanol extracts of nine salvia species grown in Jordan against breast cancer cell line models. Pharmacogn Mag 2013; 8:319-24. [PMID: 24082637 PMCID: PMC3785171 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.103664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiproliferative activity of Salvia species grown in Jordan has not been fully evaluated yet. The aim of this work was to study the antiproliferative activity of crude ethanol extracts from nine Salvia species grown in Jordan against a panel of breast cancer cell lines. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cytotoxic activity was evaluated in human tumor models of breast cancer; MCF-7, T47D, ZR-75-1, and BT 474 by the sulforhodamine B assay. In addition, the extracts were evaluated using a non-transformed cell line (Vero) and normal fibroblast cells in order to demonstrate their selectivity and safety. RESULTS From the nice ethanol extracts under investigation, those of S. dominica and S. fruticosa showed an inhibitory concentration of 50% of cells (IC50) in concentrations less than 30μg/mL against the four cell lines under investigation. S. syriaca and S. hormium showed an IC50 below 30μg/ml for two out of the four cell lines. S. fruticosa, S. hormium and S. syriaca showed selectivity in their antiproliferative activity against estrogen receptor positive cell lines with minimal toxicity against normal human periodontal fibroblasts. Phytochemical screening using thin layer chromatography indicated the presence of terpenoids, flavonoids and coumarins in all examined extracts. CONCLUSION Three of the plant extracts under investigation exhibited antiproliferative activity against breast cancer cells and were shown to be safe and selective. These could be considered as a potential source for novel anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana Abu-Dahab
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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Silva TM, Miranda RR, Ferraz VP, Pereira MT, de Siqueira EP, Alcântara AF. Changes in the essential oil composition of leaves of Echinodorus macrophyllus exposed to γ-radiation. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-695x2013005000049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Afoulous S, Ferhout H, Raoelison EG, Valentin A, Moukarzel B, Couderc F, Bouajila J. Chemical composition and anticancer, antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antimalarial activities of leaves essential oil of Cedrelopsis grevei. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 56:352-62. [PMID: 23459148 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The essential oil from Cedrelopsis grevei leaves, an aromatic and medicinal plant from Madagascar, is widely used in folk medicine. Essential oil was characterized by GC-MS and quantified by GC-FID. Sixty-four components were identified. The major constituents were: (E)-β-farnesene (27.61%), δ-cadinene (14.48%), α-copaene (7.65%) and β-elemene (6.96%). The essential oil contained a complex mixture consisting mainly sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (83.42%) and generally sesquiterpenes (98.91%). The essential oil was tested cytotoxic (on human breast cancer cells MCF-7), antimalarial (Plasmodium falciparum), antiinflammatory and antioxidant (ABTS and DPPH assays) activities. C. grevei essential oil was active against MCF-7 cell lines (IC50=21.5 mg/L), against P. falciparum, (IC50=17.5mg/L) and antiinflammatory (IC50=21.33 mg/L). The essential oil exhibited poor antioxidant activity against DPPH (IC50>1000 mg/L) and ABTS (IC50=110 mg/L) assays. A bibliographical review was carried out of all essential oils identified and tested with respect to antiplasmodial, anticancer and antiinflammatory activities. The aim was to establish correlations between the identified compounds and their biological activities (antiplasmodial, anticancer and antiinflammatory). According to the obtained correlations, 1,4-cadinadiene (R(2)=0.61) presented a higher relationship with antimalarial activity. However, only (Z)-β-farnesene (R(2)=0.73) showed a significant correlation for anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Afoulous
- Université de Toulouse, Laboratoire des Interactions Moléculaires et Réactivité Chimique et Photochimique, UMR CNRS 5623, Université Paul-Sabatier, 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062 Toulouse, France
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Yang L, Ding G, Lin H, Cheng H, Kong Y, Wei Y, Fang X, Liu R, Wang L, Chen X, Yang C. Transcriptome analysis of medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza and identification of genes related to tanshinone biosynthesis. PLoS One 2013. [PMID: 24260395 DOI: 10.137/journal.pone.0080464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, a perennial plant of Lamiaceae, accumulates abietane-type diterpenoids of tanshinones in root, which have been used as traditional Chinese medicine to treat neuroasthenic insomnia and cardiovascular diseases. However, to date the biosynthetic pathway of tanshinones is only partially elucidated and the mechanism for their root-specific accumulation remains unknown. To identify enzymes and transcriptional regulators involved in the biosynthesis of tanshinones, we conducted transcriptome profiling of S. miltiorrhiza root and leaf tissues using the 454 GS-FLX pyrosequencing platform, which generated 550,546 and 525,292 reads, respectively. RNA sequencing reads were assembled and clustered into 64,139 unigenes (29,883 isotigs and 34,256 singletons). NCBI non-redundant protein databases (NR) and Swiss-Prot database searches anchored 32,096 unigenes (50%) with functional annotations based on sequence similarities. Further assignments with Gene Ontology (GO) terms and KEGG biochemical pathways identified 168 unigenes referring to the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis (including 144 MEP and MVA pathway genes and 24 terpene synthases). Comparative analysis of the transcriptomes identified 2,863 unigenes that were highly expressed in roots, including those encoding enzymes of early steps of tanshinone biosynthetic pathway, such as copalyl diphosphate synthase (SmCPS), kaurene synthase-like (SmKSL) and CYP76AH1. Other differentially expressed unigenes predicted to be related to tanshinone biosynthesis fall into cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, dehydrogenases and reductases, as well as regulatory factors. In addition, 21 P450 genes were selectively confirmed by real-time PCR. Thus we have generated a large unigene dataset which provides a valuable resource for further investigation of the radix development and biosynthesis of tanshinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China ; National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Sandasi M, Kamatou GPP, Viljoen AM. An untargeted metabolomic approach in the chemotaxonomic assessment of two Salvia species as a potential source of α-bisabolol. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2012; 84:94-101. [PMID: 22981002 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2012.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
α-Bisabolol is a commercially important aroma chemical currently obtained from the Candeia tree (Vanillosmopsis erythropappa). Continuous unsustainable harvesting of the Candeia tree has prompted the urgent need to identify alternative crops as a source of this commercially important sesquiterpene alcohol. A chemotaxonomic assessment of two Salvia species indigenous to South Africa is presented and recommended as a potential source of α-bisabolol. The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts was analysed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS). Orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used for multivariate classification of the oils based on GC-MS and MIRS data. Partial least squares (PLS) calibration models were developed on the MIRS data for the quantification of α-bisabolol using GC-MS as the reference method. A clear distinction between Salvia stenophylla and Salvia runcinata oils was observed using OPLS-DA on both GC-MS and MIRS data. The MIR calibration model showed high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.999) and low error of prediction (RMSEP=0.540%) for α-bisabolol content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxleene Sandasi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
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Mitoshi M, Kuriyama I, Nakayama H, Miyazato H, Sugimoto K, Kobayashi Y, Jippo T, Kanazawa K, Yoshida H, Mizushina Y. Effects of essential oils from herbal plants and citrus fruits on DNA polymerase inhibitory, cancer cell growth inhibitory, antiallergic, and antioxidant activities. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:11343-11350. [PMID: 23088772 DOI: 10.1021/jf303377f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the biological activity of 20 essential oils (EOs) from herbal plants and citrus fruits were investigated in terms of mammalian DNA polymerase (pol) inhibitory activity, cancer cell (human colon carcinoma, HCT116) growth inhibitory activity, antiallergic activity, as anti-β-hexosaminidase release activity in rat basophilic leukemia RBL-2H3 cells treated with calcium ionophore A23187, and antioxidant activity by a lipophilic-oxygen radical absorbance capacity method. These EOs showed patterns of inhibition of pol α, a DNA replicative pol, similar to their cancer cell growth inhibitory activity, and their inhibitory activity on pol λ, a DNA repair/recombination pol, by the EOs showed correlation with anti-β-hexosaminidase release activity. Among these EOs, chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) was the strongest inhibitor of pols α and λ and showed significant effects on both cancer cell growth and mast cell degranulation. On the basis of these results, chamomile EO can be recommended as a potentially useful, bioactive candidate for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Mitoshi
- Laboratory of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Nutrition, Kobe Gakuin University, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2180, Japan
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Kamatou G, Chen W, Viljoen A. Quantification of Rosmarinic acid inSalviaspecies indigenous to South Africa by HPTLC. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2012. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.25.2012.5.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Erbano M, Ehrenfried CA, Stefanello MÉA, Dos Santos EP. Morphoanatomical and phytochemical studies of Salvia lachnostachys (Lamiaceae). Microsc Res Tech 2012; 75:1737-44. [PMID: 22972766 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Salvia lachnostachys Benth., Lamiaceae, is a endemic species from southern Brazil. The essential oil of its leaves and flowers is mainly constituted by aliphatic compounds, such as dodecanoic acid, with sesquiterpenes as minor constituents. This work evaluated the morphology, anatomy, microchemistry, and phytochemistry of S. lachnostachys to provide advanced knowledge of Brazilian plants with medicinal potential. Light and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used in the anatomical and microchemical studies. Compounds were isolated by chromatographic techniques, identified by analysis of their NMR spectra and compared with published data. S. lachnostachys can be distinguished from other related species mainly by its petiolate leaves, terminal inflorescence, persistent bracts, and villous-glandular corolla. The stem and leaves of S. lachnostachys display anatomical characteristics common to the family Lamiaceae. However, this species can be distinguished from other family members by the morphology and the presence of eglandular and glandular trichomes, as well as the organization of the vascular bundles of the petiole. The phytochemical results revealed that S. lacnostachys produces oleanolic and ursolic acids in addition to the diterpene fruticuline A, which is a rare compound, previously found only in Salvia fruticulosa Benth. and S. corrugata Vahl. Ursolic and oleanolic acids are bioactive triterpenes that exhibit antiatherosclerotic, anticancer, antihypertensive, antinflammatory, antileukemic, antimutagenic, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiviral activities, and fruticuline A has antibacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianna Erbano
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Caixa Postal 19031, 81531-990, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
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