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Nazar A, Adnan M, Shah SM, Bari A, Ullah R, Tariq A, Ahmad N. Ethnobotanical assessment of antidiabetic medicinal plants in District Karak, Pakistan. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:173. [PMID: 38658923 PMCID: PMC11040872 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04462-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a leading health disorder and is responsible for high mortality rates across the globe. Multiple treatment protocols are being applied to overcome this morbidity and mortality including plant-based traditional medicines. This study was designed to investigate the ethnomedicinal status of plant species used to treat diabetes in District Karak, Pakistan. MATERIALS AND METHODS A semi-structured survey was created to collect data about traditionally used medicinal plants for diabetes and other ailments. The convenience sampling method was applied for the selection of informants. The collected data was evaluated through quantitative tools like frequency of citation (FC), relative frequency of citation (RFC), informant consensus factor (FIC), fidelity level (FL), and use value (UV). RESULTS A total of 346 local informants were selected for this research. Out of them, 135 participants were men and 211 participants were women. Overall 38 plant species belonging to 29 plant families were used to treat diabetes. The most dominant plant family was Oleaceae having 11 species. Powder form (19%) was the most recommended mode of preparation for plant-based ethnomedicines. Leaves (68%) were the most frequently used parts followed by fruit (47%). The highest RFC was recorded for Apteranthes tuberculata (0.147). The maximum FL was reported for Apteranthes tuberculata (94.4) and Zygophyllum indicum (94.11) for diabetes, skin, and wounds. Similarly, the highest UV of (1) each was found for Brassica rapa, Melia azedarach, and Calotropis procera. Based on documented data, the reported ailments were grouped into 7 categories. The ICF values range between 0.89 (diabetes) to 0.33 (Cardiovascular disorders). CONCLUSION The study includes a variety of antidiabetic medicinal plants, which are used by the locals in various herbal preparations. The species Apteranthes tuberculata has been reported to be the most frequently used medicinal plant against diabetes. Therefore, it is recommended that such plants be further investigated in-vitro and in-vivo to determine their anti-diabetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Nazar
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan.
| | - Syed Majid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akash Tariq
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China
| | - Nisar Ahmad
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
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Alblihd MA, Alsharif KF, Hamad AA, Ali FAZ, Hussein MT, Alhegaili AS, Hassan MA, Al-Amer OM, Albezrah NKA, Almalki AA, Albarakati AJA, Alghamdi KS, Alzahrani KJ, Albrakati A, Alrubai EH, ElAshmouny N, Elmahallawy EK. Okra [ Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] improved blood glucose and restored histopathological alterations in splenic tissues in a rat model with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes through CD8 + T cells and NF-kβ expression. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1268968. [PMID: 38046568 PMCID: PMC10690606 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1268968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a complex metabolic syndrome that involves dysfunction of spleen and other lymphoid organs. Medicinal plants, including okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench), were used widely for diabetes treatment. Scarce data are available about the potential anti-diabetic effects of okra, the histopathological alterations in splenic tissues and the mechanistic pathways underlying this association. The current research investigated the effects of okra pod extract on the biochemical parameters and expression of CD8+ T cells and nuclear factor kappa (NF-k) B and releasing proinflammatory cytokines in spleen in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat models. A total of 50 mature male Wister albino rats were divided into five isolated groups; the first served as control (untreated) animals, the second (DM group) diabetes induced by STZ (at a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight, administered intraperitoneally), the third group (DM + Insulin): diabetic rats administered insulin subcutaneously (10 units/kg bw/day) daily for 4 weeks, the fourth group was administrated 400 mg/kg okra extract daily for 4 weeks, and diabetic induced rats in the fifth group were administrated 400 mg/kg okra extract daily for 4 weeks. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity in Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench was studied, and the content of phenolic compounds in okra pods was estimated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Diabetes induction led to decreased body weight, increased blood glucose levels. Capsular thickness was significantly increased, white pulp was widely dispersed, and mature lymphocytes in the periphery were also drastically decreased, with thick follicular arteries, necrosis, and depletion of lymphocytes in the germinal center. Red pulp revealed severe congestion and degenerative changes, deposition of hemosiderin granules and lymphocytic depletion. In addition, collagen fiber deposition was increased also in this group. The induction of diabetes exaggerated NF-kβ expression and mediated downregulation of the expression of CD8+ T cells in spleen tissue. Interestingly, oral administration of okra extracts post diabetes induction could mitigate and reverse such adverse effects. Altogether, our study points out the potential benefits of okra in improving blood glucose levels and restoring histopathological alterations in splenic tissues through CD8+ T cells and NF-kβ expression in a diabetic rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Alblihd
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalaf F. Alsharif
- High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa A. Hamad
- High Altitude Research Center, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Abo Zakaib Ali
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
| | - Manal T. Hussein
- Department of Cell and Tissues, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Alaa S. Alhegaili
- Department of Medical Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Ahmed Hassan
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University – Assiut Branch, Asyut, Egypt
| | - Osama M. Al-Amer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
- Genome and Biotechnology Unit, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdulraheem Ali Almalki
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Jameel A. Albarakati
- Surgery Department, College of Medicine, Al-Qunfudah Branch, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S. Alghamdi
- Forensic Poison Services Administration, Forensic Medical Services Center in Taif, Ministry of Health Saudi Arabia, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elham Hamed Alrubai
- Internal Medicine Department, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naira ElAshmouny
- Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh, Egypt
| | - Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag, Egypt
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3
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The effects of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) products on glycemic control and lipid profile: A comprehensive systematic review. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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Al-Shawi AAA, Hameed MF, Hussein KA, Thawini HK. Review on the “Biological Applications of Okra Polysaccharides and Prospective Research”. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00244-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Vegetables with edible parts like flowers, fruits, stems, leaves, fibers, roots, and seeds are rich sources of essential vitamins, minerals, and trace elements with various medical functions. Many diseases such as osteoporosis, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, heart diseases, and stroke are caused by poor, healthy lifestyle or nutrition. Therefore, generation of new biological functions from vegetables will increase the interests of scientific research and applications.
Main body
Okra is an edible vegetable which contains vitamins, fiber, carbohydrates, protein, and minerals. The bioactive compounds of okra possess various biological activities such as anti-inflammation, antibacterial, anticancer, and antifungal. Polysaccharides from vegetables or medicinal plants are important large molecules with various biological applications. In this review, we will focus on the biological properties and nanoparticle uses of polysaccharides isolated from okra and the extraction methods of polysaccharides.
Conclusion
This review will enhance the scientific research findings of okra polysaccharides and recommend future prospective of polysaccharides for biological uses.
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WU L, WENG M, ZHENG H, LAI P, TANG B, CHEN J, LI Y. Hypoglycemic effect of okra aqueous extract on streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.28619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li WU
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, China
| | - Minjie WENG
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, China
| | - Hengguang ZHENG
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, China
| | - Pufu LAI
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, China
| | - Baosha TANG
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, China
| | - Junchen CHEN
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, China
| | - Yibin LI
- Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product (Food) Processing, China
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Mao Y, Millett R, Lee CS, Yakubov G, Harding SE, Binner E. Investigating the influence of pectin content and structure on its functionality in bio-flocculant extracted from okra. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 241:116414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Effect of precipitation solvent on some biological activities of polysaccharides from Pinus halepensis Mill. seeds. Int J Biol Macromol 2019; 141:663-670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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8
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Raffinose increases autophagy and reduces cell death in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2019; 201:111653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2019.111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Yan T, Nian T, Wu B, Xiao F, He B, Bi K, Jia Y. Okra polysaccharides can reverse the metabolic disorder induced by high-fat diet and cognitive function injury in Aβ 1-42 mice. Exp Gerontol 2019; 130:110802. [PMID: 31794852 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies showed that a high-fat diet threatened human health seriously. It can induce various diseases, such as obesity, metabolic disturbance and cognitive dysfunction which also related to insulin signaling. In the present study, Aβ1-42 induced AD model mice and normal mice were given a standard diet and high-fat diet, respectively. Meanwhile, Okra polysaccharides were used to treat AD mice to explore the possible mechanism between Alzheimer's disease and insulin signals. Weight and blood glucose of mice were measured weekly. Through the Morris water maze and the novel object recognition test, the Okra polysaccharides could improve the cognitive impairment of the AD mice. In addition, we also performed the serum chemistry analysis of mice, studied the histopathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region by HE staining and detected the expressions of AKT, PI3K, ERK1/2, and GSK3β in the hippocampus by western blot. These results suggested that a high-fat diet can aggravate the metabolic disorder in AD mice and Okra polysaccharides can significantly reverse the metabolic disorder induced by high-fat diet and cognitive function injury in AD mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxu Yan
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tingting Nian
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bo Wu
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Bosai He
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Ying Jia
- School of Functional Food and Wine, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Wenhua Road 103, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Chen Y, Li X, Gan X, Qi J, Che B, Tai M, Gao S, Zhao W, Xu N, Hu Z. Fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida Ameliorates Epidermal Barrier Disruption via Keratinocyte Differentiation and CaSR Level Regulation. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E660. [PMID: 31771286 PMCID: PMC6950751 DOI: 10.3390/md17120660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermal barrier acts as a line of defense against external agents as well as helps to maintain body homeostasis. The calcium concentration gradient across the epidermal barrier is closely related to the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes (KCs), and the regulation of these two processes is the key to the repair of epidermal barrier disruption. In the present study, we found that fucoidan from Undaria pinnatifida (UPF) could promote the repair of epidermal barrier disruption in mice. The mechanistic study demonstrated that UPF could promote HaCaT cell differentiation under low calcium condition by up-regulating the expression of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), which could then lead to the activation of the Catenin/PLCγ1 pathway. Further, UPF could increase the expression of CaSR through activate the ERK and p38 pathway. These findings reveal the molecular mechanism of UPF in the repair of the epidermal barrier and provide a basis for the development of UPF into an agent for the repair of epidermal barrier repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Y.C.); (J.Q.)
| | - Xuenan Li
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (X.L.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
| | - Xiaoshuang Gan
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou 510000, China; (X.G.); (B.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Junmei Qi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Y.C.); (J.Q.)
| | - Biao Che
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou 510000, China; (X.G.); (B.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Meiling Tai
- Infinitus (China) Company Ltd, Guangzhou 510000, China; (X.G.); (B.C.); (M.T.)
| | - Shuang Gao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (X.L.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wengang Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (X.L.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
| | - Nuo Xu
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (Y.C.); (J.Q.)
| | - Zhenlin Hu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (X.L.); (S.G.); (W.Z.)
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Wang W, Fang S, Xiong Z. Protective effect of polysaccharide from Ligusticum chuanxiong hort against H2O2-induced toxicity in zebrafish embryo. Carbohydr Polym 2019; 221:73-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Dahmani MM, Laoufi R, Selama O, Arab K. Gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry characterization, anti-inflammatory effect, wound-healing potential, and hair growth-promoting activity of Algerian Carthamus caeruleus L ( Asteraceae). Indian J Pharmacol 2018; 50:123-129. [PMID: 30166749 PMCID: PMC6106119 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_65_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The roots of Carthamus caeruleus have been used by the population of Northern Algeria to treat several pathological conditions, including wound healing and hair growth. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity, wound-healing potential, and hair growth-promoting activity attributed to C. caeruleus root. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we have investigated the anti-inflammatory effect using carrageenan-induced paw edema test, evaluated the wound-healing potential by linear incision wound model, and evaluated hair growth activity using in vivo hair growth-promoting test attributed to C. caeruleus root. Preliminary phytochemical screening and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) characterization were also performed. RESULTS: It was found that the methanolic extract of C. caeruleus was characterized by the presence of tannins, flavonoids, anthocyanins, leucoanthocyanins, sennosides, free quinones, saponins, glycosides, mucilage, and coumarins. The GC/MS analysis could identify 22 compounds and showed that the major chemical constituents were palmitic acid (12.88%), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (12.75%), and 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furancarboxaldehyde, (9.19%). The phytoextract strongly inhibited (P < 0.001) paw edema formation in mice. The roots of C. caeruleus also showed a significant (P < 0.05) wound-healing and hair growth-promoting effects. CONCLUSION: The results indicate the richness of the roots of the Algerian C. caeruleus in biomolecules. These molecules exhibit an excellent reducing inflammation activity, a wound-healing property, and an interesting hair-promoting growth activity. All in all, the findings promote the usage of the Algerian C. caeruleus as an effective and a safe potential skincare alternative remedy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Mahdi Dahmani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Valorization and Conservation Laboratory of Biological Resources, University of Boumerdes, Algeria
| | - Razika Laoufi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Laboratory Technologies Sweet, Valorisation, Physical Chemistry of Biological Materials and Biodiversity, University of Boumerdes, Algeria
| | - Okba Selama
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, USTHB, Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria, UK.,Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, England, UK
| | - Karim Arab
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Valorization and Conservation Laboratory of Biological Resources, University of Boumerdes, Algeria
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Liu J, Zhao Y, Wu Q, John A, Jiang Y, Yang J, Liu H, Yang B. Structure characterisation of polysaccharides in vegetable “okra” and evaluation of hypoglycemic activity. Food Chem 2018; 242:211-216. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.09.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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14
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De Novo Transcriptome Assembly and Characterization of the Synthesis Genes of Bioactive Constituents in Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9030130. [PMID: 29495525 PMCID: PMC5867851 DOI: 10.3390/genes9030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Abelmoschus esculentus (okra or lady's fingers) is a vegetable with high nutritional value, as well as having certain medicinal effects. It is widely used as food, in the food industry, and in herbal medicinal products, but also as an ornamental, in animal feed, and in other commercial sectors. Okra is rich in bioactive compounds, such as flavonoids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, caffeine, and pectin. In the present study, the concentrations of total flavonoids and polysaccharides in five organs of okra were determined and compared. Transcriptome sequencing was used to explore the biosynthesis pathways associated with the active constituents in okra. Transcriptome sequencing of five organs (roots, stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits) of okra enabled us to obtain 293,971 unigenes, of which 232,490 were annotated. Unigenes related to the enzymes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway or in fructose and mannose metabolism were identified, based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. All of the transcriptional datasets were uploaded to Sequence Read Archive (SRA). In summary, our comprehensive analysis provides important information at the molecular level about the flavonoid and polysaccharide biosynthesis pathways in okra.
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Zahid A, Despres J, Benard M, Nguema-Ona E, Leprince J, Vaudry D, Rihouey C, Vicré-Gibouin M, Driouich A, Follet-Gueye ML. Arabinogalactan Proteins From Baobab and Acacia Seeds Influence Innate Immunity of Human Keratinocytes In Vitro. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:2558-2568. [PMID: 27736003 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant derived arabinogalactan proteins (AGP) were repeatedly confirmed as immunologically as well as dermatologically active compounds. However, little is currently known regarding their potential activity toward skin innate immunity. Here, we extracted and purified AGP from acacia (Acacia senegal) and baobab (Adansonia digitata) seeds to investigate their biological effects on the HaCaT keratinocyte cell line in an in vitro system. While AGP from both sources did not exhibit any cytotoxic effect, AGP from acacia seeds enhanced cell viability. Moreover, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis showed that AGP extracted from both species induced a substantial overexpression of hBD-2, TLR-5, and IL1-α genes. These data suggest that plant AGP, already known to control plant defensive processes, could also modulate skin innate immune responses. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 2558-2568, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrakib Zahid
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation (VASI), GDR CNRS 3711 COSM'ACTIFS, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Julie Despres
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation (VASI), GDR CNRS 3711 COSM'ACTIFS, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.,BioEurope, Groupe SOLABIA, Anet, France
| | - Magalie Benard
- Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Eric Nguema-Ona
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation (VASI), GDR CNRS 3711 COSM'ACTIFS, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Jerome Leprince
- Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.,Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine INSERM U982, IRIB, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - David Vaudry
- Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.,Laboratoire de Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine INSERM U982, IRIB, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Christophe Rihouey
- Unite Mixte de Recherche 6270 CNRS-Laboratory "Polymères, Biopolymères, Surfaces", Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Maité Vicré-Gibouin
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation (VASI), GDR CNRS 3711 COSM'ACTIFS, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Azeddine Driouich
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation (VASI), GDR CNRS 3711 COSM'ACTIFS, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.,Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Marie-Laure Follet-Gueye
- Laboratoire Glycobiologie et Matrice Extracellulaire Végétale, Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Végétal, Agronomie, Sol, et Innovation (VASI), GDR CNRS 3711 COSM'ACTIFS, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France.,Cell Imaging Platform (PRIMACEN-IRIB), Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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The trisaccharide raffinose modulates epidermal differentiation through activation of liver X receptor. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43823. [PMID: 28266648 PMCID: PMC5339792 DOI: 10.1038/srep43823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal barrier function requires optimal keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal lipid synthesis. Liver X receptor (LXR) α and β, are important transcriptional regulators of the epidermal gene expression. Here, we show that raffinose, a ubiquitously present trisaccharide in plants, activated the transcriptional activity of LXRα/β, which led to the induction of genes required for keratinocyte differentiation such as involucrin and filaggrin, and genes involved in lipid metabolism and transport including SCD1 and ABCA1 in both HaCaT and normal human epidermal keratinocytes. Raffinose induced the expression of JunD and Fra1, and their DNA binding in the AP1 motif in the promoters of involucrin and loricrin. Interestingly, LXR bound the AP1 motif upon raffinose treatment, and conversely, JunD and Fra1 bound the LXR response element in promoters of LXR target genes, which indicates the presence of a postive cross-talk between LXR and AP1 in the regualtion of these genes. Finally, the effect of raffinose in epidermal barrier function was confirmed by applying raffinose in an ointment formulation to the skin of hairless mice. These findings suggest that raffinose could be examined as an ingredient in functional cosmetics and therapeutic agents for the treatment of cutaneous disorders associated with abnormal epidermal barrier function.
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Guo L, Gao Z, Zhang L, Guo F, Chen Y, Li Y, Huang C. Saponin-enriched sea cucumber extracts exhibit an antiobesity effect through inhibition of pancreatic lipase activity and upregulation of LXR-β signaling. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:1312-1325. [PMID: 26440226 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2015.1075047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Sea cucumbers have been consumed as tonic, food, and nutrition supplements for many years. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the antiobesity and lipid-lowering effects of sea cucumber extracts in in vitro and in vivo models and elucidate the mechanism of action of the extracts on obesity and dyslipidemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 60% ethanol extracts from the body walls of 10 different sea cucumbers were investigated for the inhibition of pancreatic lipase (PL) activity in vitro. The optimal active extract (SC-3) was further chemically analyzed by LC-MS and UV. And 0.1% and 0.2% of SC-3 was mixed with a high-fat diet to treat C57/BL6 mice for 6 weeks or 2 weeks as preventive and therapeutic study. The body weight, serum, and liver lipid profile in the mice were investigated. RESULTS The crude extract of Pearsonothuria graeffei Semper (Holothuriidae) inhibited the PL activity by 36.44% of control at 0.5 μg/mL. SC-3 and echinoside A inhibited PL with an IC50 value at 2.86 μg/mL and 0.76 μM. 0.1% of SC-3 reduced the body weight (23.0 ± 0.62 versus 26.3 ± 0.76 g), the serum TC (2.46 ± 0.04 versus 2.83 ± 0.12 mmol/L), TG (0.19 ± 0.08 versus 0.40 ± 0.03 mmo/L), and LDL-c (0.48 ± 0.02 versus 0.51 ± 0.02 mmol/L), and liver TC (1.19 ± 0.17 versus 1.85 ± 0.13 mmol/mg) and TG (6.18 ± 0.92 versus 10.87 ± 0.97 mmol/mg) contents of the obese C57BL/six mice on a high-fat diet. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Sea cucumber may be used for developing antiobesity and antihyperlipidemia drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Guo
- a School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China and
| | - Ziyang Gao
- a School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China and
| | - Liuqiang Zhang
- a School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China and
| | - Fujiang Guo
- a School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China and
| | - Yan Chen
- b Institute for Nutritional Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
| | - Yiming Li
- a School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China and
| | - Cheng Huang
- a School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Shanghai , China and
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Temenouga V, Charitidis T, Avgidou M, Karayannakidis P, Dimopoulou M, Kalogianni E, Panayiotou C, Ritzoulis C. Novel emulsifiers as products from internal Maillard reactions in okra hydrocolloid mucilage. Food Hydrocoll 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Lim JD, Yu CY, Kim SH, Chung IM. Structural characterization of an intestinal immune system-modulating arabino-3,6-galactan-like polysaccharide from the above-ground part of Astragalus membranaceus (Bunge). Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:1265-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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20
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Dimopoulou M, Ritzoulis C, Papastergiadis ES, Panayiotou C. Composite materials based on okra hydrocolloids and hydroxyapatite. Food Hydrocoll 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2014.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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21
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Bueno FG, Panizzon GP, Mello EVSDL, Lechtenberg M, Petereit F, Mello JCPD, Hensel A. Hydrolyzable tannins from hydroalcoholic extract from Poincianella pluviosa stem bark and its wound-healing properties: Phytochemical investigations and influence on in vitro cell physiology of human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts. Fitoterapia 2014; 99:252-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2014.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Ezuruike UF, Prieto JM. The use of plants in the traditional management of diabetes in Nigeria: pharmacological and toxicological considerations. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:857-924. [PMID: 24929108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The prevalence of diabetes is on a steady increase worldwide and it is now identified as one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century. In Nigeria, the use of herbal medicine alone or alongside prescription drugs for its management is quite common. We hereby carry out a review of medicinal plants traditionally used for diabetes management in Nigeria. Based on the available evidence on the species׳ pharmacology and safety, we highlight ways in which their therapeutic potential can be properly harnessed for possible integration into the country׳s healthcare system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethnobotanical information was obtained from a literature search of electronic databases such as Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus up to 2013 for publications on medicinal plants used in diabetes management, in which the place of use and/or sample collection was identified as Nigeria. 'Diabetes' and 'Nigeria' were used as keywords for the primary searches; and then 'Plant name - accepted or synonyms', 'Constituents', 'Drug interaction' and/or 'Toxicity' for the secondary searches. RESULTS The hypoglycemic effect of over a hundred out of the 115 plants reviewed in this paper is backed by preclinical experimental evidence, either in vivo or in vitro. One-third of the plants have been studied for their mechanism of action, while isolation of the bioactive constituent(s) has been accomplished for twenty three plants. Some plants showed specific organ toxicity, mostly nephrotoxic or hepatotoxic, with direct effects on the levels of some liver function enzymes. Twenty eight plants have been identified as in vitro modulators of P-glycoprotein and/or one or more of the cytochrome P450 enzymes, while eleven plants altered the levels of phase 2 metabolic enzymes, chiefly glutathione, with the potential to alter the pharmacokinetics of co-administered drugs. CONCLUSION This review, therefore, provides a useful resource to enable a thorough assessment of the profile of plants used in diabetes management so as to ensure a more rational use. By anticipating potential toxicities or possible herb-drug interactions, significant risks which would otherwise represent a burden on the country׳s healthcare system can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udoamaka F Ezuruike
- Center for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jose M Prieto
- Center for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, WC1N 1AX London, United Kingdom.
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Chen Y, Zhang JG, Sun HJ, Wei ZJ. Pectin from Abelmoschus esculentus: optimization of extraction and rheological properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 70:498-505. [PMID: 25058753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the parameters of pectin extraction from okra pods. The extracted okra pectin was then investigated by steady-shear and oscillatory rheological measurements. Statistical analysis showed that the linear term of the liquid-solid ratio, the quadratic term of the pH, and the linear term of the extraction time showed highly significant effects on pectin yield. The optimal extraction conditions that maximized the pectin yield within the experimental range of the variables researched were a pH of 3.9, an extraction time of 64 min, an extraction temperature of 60°C, and a liquid-solid ratio of 42:1. Under these conditions, the pectin yield was predicted to be 2.71%. At a liquid-solid ratio less than 2.5% w/w in aqueous solution, the pectin extracted from okra presented non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior and could be well described by the Cross model. The okra pectin showed predominantly viscous responses (G'<G″) over a wide range of frequencies (10(-1)-10 Hz) at 20% strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Han-Ju Sun
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, People's Republic of China.
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Svava R, Gurzawska K, Yihau Y, Haugshøj KB, Dirscherl K, Levery SB, Jørgensen NR, Gotfredsen K, Damager I, Ulvskov P, Jørgensen B. The structurally effect of surface coated rhamnogalacturonan I on response of the osteoblast-like cell line SaOS-2. J Biomed Mater Res A 2013; 102:1961-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rikke Svava
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C 1871 Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Blegdamsvej 3 B, Copenhagen N 2200 Denmark
| | - Katarzyna Gurzawska
- Research Center for Ageing and Osteoporosis; Departments of Medicine M and Diagnostics; Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup; Ndr. Ringvej 69, Glostrup 2600 Denmark
- Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Nørre Allé 20, Copenhagen N 2200 Denmark
| | - Yu Yihau
- Microtechnology and Surface Analysis; Danish Technological Institute; Gregersensvej 8, Taastrup 2630 Denmark
| | - Kenneth Brian Haugshøj
- Microtechnology and Surface Analysis; Danish Technological Institute; Gregersensvej 8, Taastrup 2630 Denmark
| | - Kai Dirscherl
- Dansk Fundamental Meterologi A/S; Matematiktorvet 307, Lyngby 2800 Denmark
| | - Steven B. Levery
- Copenhagen Center for Glycomics; Institute for Cellular and Molecular Medicine; Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Blegdamsvej 3 B, Copenhagen N 2200 Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Research Center for Ageing and Osteoporosis; Departments of Medicine M and Diagnostics; Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup; Ndr. Ringvej 69, Glostrup 2600 Denmark
| | - Klaus Gotfredsen
- Department of Odontology; Faculty of Health and Medicine Sciences; University of Copenhagen; Nørre Allé 20, Copenhagen N 2200 Denmark
| | - Iben Damager
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C 1871 Denmark
| | - Peter Ulvskov
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C 1871 Denmark
| | - Bodil Jørgensen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C 1871 Denmark
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Fan S, Guo L, Zhang Y, Sun Q, Yang B, Huang C. Okra polysaccharide improves metabolic disorders in high-fat diet-induced obese C57BL/6 mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:2075-8. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201300054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Fan
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Lu Guo
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Qinhu Sun
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Baican Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Cheng Huang
- School of Pharmacy; Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Shanghai P. R. China
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Samavati V. Polysaccharide extraction from Abelmoschus esculentus: Optimization by response surface methodology. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 95:588-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 01/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Saravanan S, Pandikumar P, Pazhanivel N, Paulraj MG, Ignacimuthu S. Hepatoprotective role of Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moench., on carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury. Toxicol Mech Methods 2013; 23:528-36. [PMID: 23581558 DOI: 10.3109/15376516.2013.796032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Chronic liver disease has become a global health problem. The research for prominent herbal agents for the management of liver diseases is widely increased. OBJECTIVE The root of Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.) Moench., (Malvaceae) has been used as a remedy for liver disorders. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of the ethanol extract of A. esculentus root. MATERIALS AND METHOD The antioxidant effect was assessed using DPPH and hydroxy radical scavenging assays. The hepatoprotective effect of the extract was evaluated using CCl₄ intoxicated HepG₂ cell line and Wistar rats by estimating the levels of hepatic and antioxidant markers. RESULTS The extract of A. esculentus showed IC₅₀ values of 270.99 and 532.86 µg/mL for DPPH and hydroxy radical scavenging assays, respectively. The incubation of HepG2 cells with CCl₄ drastically decreased the cell viability and increased the leakage of transaminases. Pre-treatment with the extract significantly restored the cell death by 31.25 and 39.04% at 200 and 400 µg/mL concentrations, respectively. The reduction of ALT leakage by the treatment was 18.62, 38.59 and 52.15% compared to the CCl₄ treated cells at 100, 200 and 400 µg/mL, respectively. In in-vivo experiments also the treatment reduced the levels of transaminases, ALP, MDA, total bilirubin and hepatic TNFα levels as well as increased the antioxidant levels in a dose dependent manner. Histological observations of liver sections showed reduction in steatosis, necrosis and inflammation. CONCLUSION The results substantiated the hepatoprotective activity of A. esculentus through its antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramanian Saravanan
- Division of Ethnopharmacology, Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, India
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Fattahi A, Petrini P, Munarin F, Shokoohinia Y, Golozar MA, Varshosaz J, Tanzi MC. Polysaccharides derived from tragacanth as biocompatible polymers and Gels. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.38931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wang R, Lechtenberg M, Sendker J, Petereit F, Deters A, Hensel A. Wound-healing plants from TCM: in vitro investigations on selected TCM plants and their influence on human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Fitoterapia 2012; 84:308-17. [PMID: 23266731 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Wound-healing plants from Traditional Chinese Medicine and described for wound healing in the Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China (2005 ed.) were investigated by in vitro bioassay on human skin cells. Therefore water and EtOH-water extracts (6:4, v/v) from 12 plants were tested on human primary dermal fibroblasts (pNHDF) and human HaCaT keratinocyte cell line by quantification of cell viability (MTT assay) and cellular proliferation (BrdU incorporation ELISA). No functional activity was found for extracts from Achyranthis bidentatae rhizoma, Cimicifugae rhizoma, Corydalis rhizoma, Gardeniae fructus, Houttuyniae herba, Lonicerae japonicae caulis, Paeoniae rubrae radix and Rehmanniae radix. Extracts from Notoginseng radix et rhizoma, Angelicae sinensis radix and Lonicerae japonicae flos showed moderate activity, while extracts from Moutan cortex (the root bark of Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., Ranunculaceae) increased cell viability of HaCaT keratinocytes and pNHDF in a dose-dependent manner significantly. Bioassay-guided fractionation yielded paeonol 1, the flavan-3-ols catechin 2 and epicatechin-3-O-gallate 3, the dimeric proanthocyanidin epicatechin-(4β→8)-catechin 4, a mixture of trigalloyl-glucoses 5 and 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-d-glucose (PGG) 6. The proanthocyanidin-containing fractions as well as PGG-containing fractions contributed substantially to the stimulating effects. Especially PGG-containing fractions enhanced cell viability and cellular proliferation of HaCaT keratinocytes at concentration of 100nM. From these data we conclude that indication claims for TCM herbal materials must be carefully investigated in order to establish evidence-driven use of such plants. In case of Moutan cortex skin cell stimulating effects have clearly been proven. These effects can be related to the polyphenol fractions of condensed and hydrolysable tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxi Wang
- University of Münster, Institute of Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry (IPBP), Hittorfstraße 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Deters AM, Meyer U, Stintzing FC. Time-dependent bioactivity of preparations from cactus pear (Opuntia ficus indica) and ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) on human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 142:438-444. [PMID: 22713931 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/05/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Traditionally and nowadays preparations from two xerophytic plants, the ice plant and cactus pear are used in dermatologic and cosmetic preparations. In spite of their daily use, little is known concerning the bioactivity of such extracts on skin cells. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pressed juices from ice plant (McP) and two cactus pear polysaccharides (cold water soluble, NwPS; non swelling pectin, NPec) on the cell physiology of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and HaCaT-keratinocytes due to composition, concentration and incubation time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cactus pear polysaccharides were analyzed by high performance anion exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection after hydrolysis with trifluoroacetic acid. Ice plant pressed juices were filtrated through a 1.2 μm (McPI) and 0.2 μm filter (McPII). Cell proliferation was measured with BrdU incorporation assay. Reduction of tetrazolium salts was applied to determine the metabolic activity (MTT) while necrotic effects were assessed by LDH-release measurements. RESULTS Cactus pear polysaccharides differed predominantly in their glucose and uronic acid content. The filtration of pressed juices altered the amounts of high molecular weight compounds. The proliferation of NHDF and HaCaTs was significantly stimulated by cactus pear polysaccharides and ice plant pressed juices not until 72 h of incubation. McPI significantly increased the proliferation of NHDF and HaCaTs while significant effect of McPII was only observed in case of HaCaT-keratinocytes. A dependence on concentration was not observed. Metabolic activity was neither influenced by McPI nor by McPII independent of incubation time. The HaCaT proliferation was not significantly influenced by low concentrations of cactus pear polysaccharides however it was inhibited by 100 μg/mL NPec. 100 μg/mL of NwPS and 1 μg/mL NPec stimulated the proliferation of fibroblasts. The metabolic activity of NHDF was not affected neither by NPec nor by NwPS. Independent of the used concentration NwPS significantly enhanced the metabolic activity of HaCaTs after 48 h of incubation. CONCLUSIONS Pressed juices of common ice plant and polysaccharides of cactus pear influenced the cell physiology of human keratinocytes and fibroblasts predominantly in a time-dependent manner. The effect was also be related to the concentration and composition as well as the investigated cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Deters
- Westfalian Wilhelms University of Muenster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Hittorfstr. 56, D-48149 Muenster, Germany.
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Jin M, Zhao K, Huang Q, Xu C, Shang P. Isolation, structure and bioactivities of the polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels: A review. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 89:713-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Thakur M, Weng A, Fuchs H, Sharma V, Bhargava CS, Chauhan NS, Dixit VK, Bhargava S. Rasayana properties of Ayurvedic herbs: Are polysaccharides a major contributor. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:3-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2011] [Revised: 07/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Xie F, Li Y, Su F, Hu S. Adjuvant effect of Atractylodis macrocephalae Koidz. polysaccharides on the immune response to foot-and-mouth disease vaccine. Carbohydr Polym 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Georgiadis N, Ritzoulis C, Sioura G, Kornezou P, Vasiliadou C, Tsioptsias C. Contribution of okra extracts to the stability and rheology of oil-in-water emulsions. Food Hydrocoll 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2010.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Wong VW, Rustad KC, Galvez MG, Neofytou E, Neofyotou E, Glotzbach JP, Januszyk M, Major MR, Sorkin M, Longaker MT, Rajadas J, Gurtner GC. Engineered pullulan-collagen composite dermal hydrogels improve early cutaneous wound healing. Tissue Eng Part A 2010; 17:631-44. [PMID: 20919949 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2010.0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
New strategies for skin regeneration are needed to address the significant medical burden caused by cutaneous wounds and disease. In this study, pullulan-collagen composite hydrogel matrices were fabricated using a salt-induced phase inversion technique, resulting in a structured yet soft scaffold for skin engineering. Salt crystallization induced interconnected pore formation, and modification of collagen concentration permitted regulation of scaffold pore size. Hydrogel architecture recapitulated the reticular distribution of human dermal matrix while maintaining flexible properties essential for skin applications. In vitro, collagen hydrogel scaffolds retained their open porous architecture and viably sustained human fibroblasts and murine mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells. In vivo, hydrogel-treated murine excisional wounds demonstrated improved wound closure, which was associated with increased recruitment of stromal cells and formation of vascularized granulation tissue. In conclusion, salt-induced phase inversion techniques can be used to create modifiable pullulan-collagen composite dermal scaffolds that augment early wound healing. These novel biomatrices can potentially serve as a structured delivery template for cells and biomolecules in regenerative skin applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W Wong
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Duan J, Dong Q, Ding K, Fang J. Characterization of a pectic polysaccharide from the leaves of Diospyros kaki and its modulating activity on lymphocyte proliferation. Biopolymers 2010; 93:649-56. [PMID: 20235231 DOI: 10.1002/bip.21430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pectin is a group of carbohydrate polymers constructing the primary cell walls and the middle lamella of terrestrial plants. Herein, we demonstrated the structure and immunomodulatory activity of the major pectic polysaccharide DL-3B(2) isolated from the leaves of Diospyros kaki. Based on composition analysis, methylation analysis, two-step acid hydrolysis, lithium-mediated selective degradation, (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, DL-3B(2) was found to contain an alpha-1, 4-linked galacturonic acid (GalA) backbone with some insertions of alpha-1, 2-linked rhamnose residues. The arabinan- and arabinogalactan-side chains were attached to O-4 of the rhamnose residues, whereas the linear arabinoxylan was probably linked to O-3 of the GalA residues. Immunological tests in vitro showed that DL-3B(2) could help stimulate lipopolysaccharide-induced B lymphocyte proliferation, but not ConA-induced T lymphocyte proliferation, and that the arabinose residues play a role in maintaining this immunological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyou Duan
- Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
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HAN Q, LING ZJ, HE PM, XIONG CY. Immunomodulatory and Antitumor Activity of Polysaccharide Isolated From Tea Plant Flower. PROG BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1206.2009.00656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Chen Y, Duan JA, Qian D, Guo J, Song B, Yang M. Assessment and comparison of immunoregulatory activity of four hydrosoluble fractions of Angelica sinensis in vitro on the peritoneal macrophages in ICR mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 10:422-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 12/31/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Khomsug P, Thongjaroe W, Pakdeenaro N, Suttajit M, Chantirati P. Antioxidative Activities and Phenolic Content of Extracts from Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3923/rjbsci.2010.310.313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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41
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Wittschier N, Lengsfeld C, Vorthems S, Stratmann U, Ernst JF, Verspohl EJ, Hensel A. Large molecules as anti-adhesive compounds against pathogens. J Pharm Pharmacol 2010; 59:777-86. [PMID: 17637170 DOI: 10.1211/jpp.59.6.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Anti-adhesive compounds are potential prophylactic tools in alternative treatment regimes against bacterial infection, as bacterial adhesion is commonly mediated by carbohydrate-protein interactions between surface adhesions of microorganisms and the host cell. The use of exogenous polyvalent, high-molecular carbohydrates and tannin-like plant-derived compounds should antagonize the adhesive interaction. A range of carbohydrates and carbohydrate- and proanthocyanidin-enriched plant extracts were screened for potential anti-adhesive effects against Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter jejuni, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Candida albicans in different in-situ assays on primary tissue. The adhesion of H. pylori on human stomach tissue was effectively blocked by glucuronic acid-enriched polysaccharides from immature okra fruits (Abelmoschus esculentus). These compounds also had strong in-vitro effects against C. jejuni (inhibition up to 80%), but were ineffective in an in-vivo study in infected chicken broilers due to metabolism in the gastrointestinal system. Polysaccharides from Glycyrrhizia glabra, also enriched with glucuronic acid, showed strong anti-adhesive properties against H. pylori and P. gingivalis (inhibition 60–70%). Pelargonium sidoides extract, containing mainly polymeric proanthocyanidins, was effective against H. pylori in a dose-dependent manner. Due to the multifunctional adhesive strategy of C. albicans, no effective compounds were detected against this yeast. Structure-activity relationships are presented and the potential in-vivo use of carbohydrate-based anti-adhesives is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wittschier
- University of Münster, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology and Phytochemistry, Hittorfstrasse 56, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Acne vulgaris (acne) is a cutaneous pleomorphic disorder of the pilosebaceous unit involving abnormalities in sebum production and is characterized by both inflammatory (papules, pustules and nodules) and non-inflammatory (comedones, open and closed) lesions. Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis are common pus-forming microbes responsible for the development of various forms of acne. This disease remains a common condition in industrialized societies, with many mainstream treatment options available. There are many acne products on the market, and making an appropriate selection can be daunting. Common therapies that are used for the treatment of acne include topical, systemic, hormonal, herbal and combination therapy. Topically used agents are benzoyl peroxide, antibiotics and retinoid. Systemically used agents are antibiotics and isotretinoin. However, all such treatments carry risks and none is completely satisfactory. Natural alternatives are gaining greater research support, and have much to offer clinically in this disorder. This review focuses primarily on herbal treatments for acne that show scientific evidence of clinical efficacy, as well as the more common herbs shown to be useful in the treatment of this dermatologic disorder.
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Extraction and structural identification of alkali-soluble polysaccharides of longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) fruit pericarp. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2009.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Li F, Yuan Q, Rashid F. Isolation, purification and immunobiological activity of a new water-soluble bee pollen polysaccharide from Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [PMCID: PMC7124527 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2009.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
A novel water-soluble polysaccharide was obtained from bee pollen of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. Two fractions of this polysaccharide, CPP-1 and CPP-2, were first extracted by hot-water and purified. The average molecular weight of CPP-1 and CPP-2 were approximately 3.7 × 105 Da and 7.8 × 104 Da, and their chemical structures were studied by gas chromatography (GC), Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, methylation analysis. We evaluated the effects of CPP-1 and CPP-2 on the basis of phagocytosis of macrophage assay, natural killer cells cytotoxicity assay and spleen lymphocyte proliferation assay. The results showed CPP-1 and CPP-2 significantly induced phagocytic rates and phagocytic indexes by peritoneal macrophages. Moreover, these two fractions caused a significant stimulation of rat spleen cell proliferation. At 50 μg/mL, CPP-2 activated NK cells more significantly than CPP-1. These findings suggest that they should be explored as a novel potential immunostimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +86 10 6443 7610.
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Yang B, Jiang Y, Wang R, Zhao M, Sun J. Ultra-high pressure treatment effects on polysaccharides and lignins of longan fruit pericarp. Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Characterisation of cell wall polysaccharides from okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench). Carbohydr Res 2008; 344:1824-32. [PMID: 19061990 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Okra pods are commonly used in Asia as a vegetable, food ingredient, as well as a traditional medicine for many different purposes; for example, as diuretic agent, for treatment of dental diseases and to reduce/prevent gastric irritations. The healthy properties are suggested to originate from the high polysaccharide content of okra pods, resulting in a highly viscous solution with a slimy appearance when okra is extracted with water. In this study, we present a structural characterisation of all major cell wall polysaccharides originating from okra pods. The sequential extraction of okra cell wall material yielded fractions of soluble solids extractable using hot buffer (HBSS), chelating agent (CHSS), dilute alkaline (DASS) and concentrated alkaline (CASS). The HBSS fraction was shown to be rich in galactose, rhamnose and galacturonic acid in the ratio 1.3:1:1.3. The degree of acetylation is relatively high (DA=58) while the degree of methyl esterification is relatively low (DM=24). The CHSS fraction contained much higher levels of methyl esterified galacturonic acid residues (63% galacturonic acid; DM=48) in addition to minor amounts of rhamnose and galactose. The ratio of galactose to rhamnose to galacturonic acid was 1.3:1.0:1.3 and 4.5:1.0:1.2 for HBSS and CHSS, respectively. These results indicated that the HBSS and CHSS fractions contain rhamnogalacturonan type I next to homogalacturonan, while the latter is more prevailing in CHSS. Also the DASS fraction is characterised by high amounts of rhamnose, galactose, galacturonic acid and some arabinose, indicating that rhamnogalacturonan I elements with longer arabinose- and galactose-rich side chains were part of this fraction. Partial digestion of HBSS and CHSS by pectin methyl esterase and polygalacturonase resulted in a fraction with a lower Mw and lower viscosity in solution. These samples were subjected to NMR analysis, which indicated that, in contrast to known RG I structure, the acetyl groups in HBSS are not located on the galacturonic acid residues, while for CHSS only part of the acetyl groups are located on the RG I galacturonic acid residues. The CASS fraction consisted of XXXG-type xyloglucan and 4-methylglucuronoxylan as shown by their sugar (linkage) composition and enzymatic digestion.
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Bussy C, Verhoef R, Haeger A, Morra M, Duval J, Vigneron P, Bensoussan A, Velzenberger E, Cascardo G, Cassinelli C, Schols H, Knox JP, Nagel M. Modulatingin vitrobone cell and macrophage behavior by immobilized enzymatically tailored pectins. J Biomed Mater Res A 2008; 86:597-606. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.31729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Structural patterns of rhamnogalacturonans modulating Hsp-27 expression in cultured human keratinocytes. Molecules 2008; 13:1207-18. [PMID: 18560339 PMCID: PMC6245184 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13051207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2008] [Revised: 05/19/1995] [Accepted: 05/19/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide extracts were obtained from chestnut bran (Castanea sativa), grape marc (Vitis vinifera) and apple marc (Malus spp.) and fractionated by size exclusion chromatography after endopolygalacturonase degradation. Compositional and linkage analyses by GC and GC-MS showed the characteristic rhamnogalacturonan structure with specific arabinan (apple marc) and type II arabinogalactan (chestnut bran, grape marc) side chains. Type II arabinogalactan rhamnogalacturonan from chestnut bran significantly stimulated the in vitro differentiation of human keratinocytes, giving evidence of a tight structure-function relationship. This molecule comprises short and ramified 3- and 3,6-beta- D-galactan and 5- and 3,5-alpha-L-arabinan side chains, but also contains significant amounts of t-Xyl and 4-Xyl with a characteristic 2:1 ratio. Enzymatic hydrolysis of this polysaccharide produced fragments of lower molecular weight with unchanged xylose content which conserved the same ability to stimulate human keratinocyte differentiation. It could be then speculated that dimeric xylosyl-xylose and/or longer oligomeric xylose side chains attached to a galacturonan and closely associated to hairy rhamno-galacturonan domains are essential patterns that could determine the biological activity of pectins.
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Arapitsas P. Identification and quantification of polyphenolic compounds from okra seeds and skins. Food Chem 2008; 110:1041-5. [PMID: 26047300 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2008] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aims of the present work were to identify and quantify the polyphenolic profile of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), a vegetable almost worldwide consumed. Since the knowledge about the okra polyphenolic compounds is limited, the seeds and the skins of okra were separately analyzed. The seeds, which represent the 17% of the vegetable and are richer in phenolic compounds, were mainly composed by oligomeric catechins (2.5mg/g of seeds) and flavonol derivatives (3.4mg/g of seeds). The skins polyphenolic profile was composed principally by hydroxycinnamic and quercetin derivatives (0.2 and 0.3mg/g of skins). These findings in associations with the high content of okra in carbohydrates and proteins enhance the importance of this foodstuff in the human diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Arapitsas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy.
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YANG BAO, ZHAO MOUMING, SHI JOHN, CHENG GUIPING, RUENROENGKLIN NEUNGNAPA, JIANG YUEMING. VARIATIONS IN WATER-SOLUBLE SACCHARIDES AND PHENOLS IN LONGAN FRUIT PERICARP AFTER DRYING. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2007.00142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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