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Abdo BM, Asfaw BT, Choudhary MI, Yousuf S, Mengesha WA, Mekonnen SA. Bioassay-guided isolation of dehydrocostus lactone from Echinops kebericho as a leishmanicidal drug. Heliyon 2024; 10:e36818. [PMID: 39319168 PMCID: PMC11419915 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e36818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Several strains of Leishmania parasite are involved in the occurrence of leishmaniasis infections, which makes its prevention and treatment very challenging. Currently, all forms of leishmaniasis are being treated with chemical drugs, which have limitations and adverse effects. Discovering antileishmanial agents from natural sources can lead to novel drugs against this dreadful disease. The essential oils and nonpolar solvent extracts of the roots of E. kebericho exhibit antileishmanial activity. Thus, the isolation of the leishmanicidal compounds from the roots of E. kebericho through a bioassay-guided technique was carried out in this study. The present finding showed that the essential oil and hexane fraction of crude extract from the roots of E. kebericho possessed significant leishmanicidal activity against L. major and L. tropica. Dehydrocostus lactone (1), one of the major constituents of the essential oil and hexane fraction, was more active than the standard drug miltefosine against L. major and L. tropica promastigotes. The presence of α-methylene, γ-lactone is the responsible moiety of dehydrocostus lactone towards the leishmanicidal activity against the tested Leishmania species. The MTT assay of dehydrocostus lactone showed inactive toxicity against the human cervical carcinoma HeLa cells. In addition, dehydrocostus lactone exhibits a broad spectrum of antibiotic activities. Based on this interesting finding, dehydrocostus lactone was identified as a potential lead for treating infections caused by Leishmania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekri Melka Abdo
- Wendo Genet Natural Product Research Laboratory, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa, 2003, Ethiopia
| | | | - M. Iqbal Choudhary
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Sammer Yousuf
- International Center for Chemical and Biological Science, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Wendawek Abebe Mengesha
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Microbial Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Abate Mekonnen
- Food Science and Nutrition Research Process, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Addis Ababa 2003, Ethiopia
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Yiblet Y. Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used to manage human ailments in Lay Gaint District, South Gondar Zone, Amhara Region, Northwestern Ethiopia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35277. [PMID: 39170475 PMCID: PMC11336443 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work is to document and record the use of medicinal plants to treat various ailments in the study area. A total of 84 informants, consisting of 54 men and 30 women, between 35 and 80 years of age were chosen. Additionally, 20 key informants were deliberately selected for their expertise. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, group discussions, and guided field walks using semi-structured interview questions. Ethnobotanical data were analyzed using quantitative analytical tools such as preference ranking, direct matrix ranking, fidelity level and informant consensus factor. Forty-six medicinal plants belonging to 41 genera and 33 families were collected and identified. Brassicaceae, Ranunculaceae, and Polygonaceae had the highest abundance of medicinal plants used to treat various diseases in the study area. Most of the medicinal plants were herbs (43 %), followed by shrubs (35 %). The study revealed that leaves (45.7 %) were the most frequently used plant parts in the preparation of remedies. The most common mode of administration was oral ingestion (61 %), followed by dermal application (30 %). Zingiber officinale Roscoe and Allium sativum L.had the highest preference rank, whereas Croton macrostachyus Hochst. ex Delile was identified as the most popular medicinal plant due to its multipurpose use. while the value of fidelity level (FL) for medicinal plants in the study ranged from 34 % to 94 %. The study also identified several threats to medicinal plants in the study area, including charcoal production, overgrazing, and agricultural expansion. To prevent the eradication of these medicinal plants, the involvement of local communities in the management and conservation of plant resources is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalew Yiblet
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Mekdela Amba University, P.O. Box 32, Tuluawlia, Ethiopia
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Tadesse TY, Berihun Dagnew S, Gobezie Yiblet T, Tesfaw Addis G, Kiflie ZD. Evaluation of anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of solvent fraction of the roots of Echinops kebericho Mesfin (Asteraceae) in mice model. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2024; 0:jcim-2024-0133. [PMID: 38887090 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2024-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed at investigating the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the solvent fractions of the roots of Echinops kebericho Mesfin in rodent models of pain and inflammation. METHODS Successive maceration was used as a method of extraction using solvents of increasing polarity: methanol and water. Ethyl acetate, chloroform and distilled water were used as solvents of the fraction process. Swiss albino mice models were used in acetic acid induced writhing, hot plate, carrageenan induced paw edema and cotton pellet granuloma to assess the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities. The test groups received different doses (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) of the three fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate and aqueous). The positive control groups received ASA (150 mg/kg) for the writing test, morphine (10 mg/kg) for the hot plate method, diclofenac Na for carrageenan-induced paw edema, and dexamethasone (10 mg/kg) for granuloma, while the negative control group received distilled water. RESULTS EA fraction at all test doses employed (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg) showed statistically significant (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001 respectively) analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in a dose-dependent manner. The AQ fraction on the other hand produced statistically significant (p<0.05, p<0.012) analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, while the CH fraction exhibited statistically significant (p<0.05) analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity at the dose of 400 mg/kg. CONCLUSIONS In general, the data obtained from the present study elucidated that the solvent fractions of the study plant possessed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and were recommended for further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Yimer Tadesse
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel Berihun Dagnew
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science College, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | | | - Getu Tesfaw Addis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Science College, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Zemene Demelash Kiflie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Science, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Oda BK, Lulekal E, Warkineh B, Asfaw Z, Debella A. Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants and their utilization by indigenous and local communities of Dugda District, Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2024; 20:32. [PMID: 38461267 PMCID: PMC10924356 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-024-00665-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethnoveterinary medicinal plants have been used by the people of Dugda District in the primary health care system to treat various livestock ailments for generations, particularly, in underserved rural areas. However, these ethnoveterinary practices and medicinal plants are dwindling without proper documentation, due to undergoing socio-cultural and environmental changes. Hence, this study aimed at inventory and analysis of ethnoveterinary medicinal plants and the associated indigenous and local knowledge used in the treatment of livestock health problems in Dugda District. METHODS Data were collected from 378 local inhabitants through semi-structured interviews, 18 focus group discussions with 6 to 8 participants in each couple with participant field observations. Informant consensus factor (ICF), fidelity-level (FL) and relative importance value (RI) were used to evaluate the agreement of informants on ethnoveterinary practices, healing potential of medicinal plants and the most multipurpose species. Using standard taxonomic procedures, voucher specimens were collected, identified and deposited at the National Herbarium of Addis Ababa University. RESULTS In total, 64 medicinal plants of ethnoveterinary uses, belonging to 33 families were reported to treat 37 livestock health problems. Anthrax, inappetence and diarrhoea were said to be the most prevalent veterinary health problems treated by traditional medicinal plants. Family Fabaceae was the most widely reported (7 spp.), followed by Apocynaceae, Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae (5 spp. each). Herbs were the dominant life forms (21spp.), followed by shrubs (20 spp.). The most commonly sought plant parts were leaves (55.25%), followed by roots (23.44%). The principal method of preparation was pounding remedial parts (46.85%) and mixing with cold water. The main route of administration was via oral application (72.67%), drenching diseased livestock. Withania somnifera and Kedrostis foetidissima were the most cited medicinal plants with 53 and 43 use reports (URs), respectively. ICF showed that respiratory diseases scored the highest value (0.94), while most of the reported medicinal plants were gastrointestinal agents. RI value analysis revealed that Croton macrostachyus had highest diversity of uses, followed by K. foetidissima and W. somnifera. Ethnoveterinary uses of some medicinal plants such as Phytolacca dodecandra, Calpurnia aurea, Cyphostemma cyphopetalum and Verbascum sinaiticum as prophylaxis against rabies were a new input for ethnoveterinary database. CONCLUSION The study revealed that the people of the Dugda District are endowed with rich ethnoveterinary knowledge and medicinal plants. However, ethnoveterinary knowledge associated with medicinal plant species significantly differ (P < 0.05) between general and key informants, young and matured age groups and informants' educational level. This infers the impact of mode of ethnoveterinary knowledge transfer, literacy, modern education and globalization on ethnoveterinary uses of medicinal plant species. And also most of the medicinal plants are found in wild habitats with nearly no conservation attention. Therefore, it is imperative to implement participatory conservation actions for medicinal plants in collaboration with traditional institutions (Gada system). The disparity of ethnoveterinary knowledge could be also minimized through awareness creation among local communities about the knowledge and its revitalization. Furthermore, medicinal plants, which are widely utilized and multipurpose, should be screened for their phytochemicals, pharmacological and toxicological activities to confirm ethnoveterinary uses and for future development of veterinary pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bula Kere Oda
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Bule Hora University, P.O. Box 144, Bule Hora, Ethiopia.
| | - Ermias Lulekal
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Bikila Warkineh
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zemede Asfaw
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asfaw Debella
- Traditional and Modern Medicine Research Directorate, Traditional Medicine, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, P.O. Box 1242/5654, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Nuro GB, Tolossa K, Giday M. Medicinal Plants Used by Oromo Community in Kofale District, West-Arsi Zone, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia. J Exp Pharmacol 2024; 16:81-109. [PMID: 38476311 PMCID: PMC10929209 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s449496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to record the utilization of medicinal plants by the Oromo people in the Kofale District, Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, to control human and animal health problems. Methods Data regarding the use of medicinal plants were collected using ethnobotanical methods from 84 traditional medicine practitioners and 304 general informants sampled employing purposive and systematic random sampling methods, respectively, in the Kofale District. Data were analyzed using different indices, including a preference ranking exercise, informant consensus factor (ICF), fidelity level (FL) and relative popularity level (RPL). Results In the district, 106 medicinal plants were claimed to be used for the treatment of 43 human and 18 livestock illnesses, of which 75 (71%) were used to manage human health problems, 23 (21.5%) were used to treat both human and livestock ailments and eight (7.5%) were utilized to treat manage livestock health problems. Most (76.4%) plants were harvested from the wild. Leaves were the most commonly used plant part (55.6%) in remedy preparations. Skin diseases scored the highest ICF value (0.97), followed by gastrointestinal disorders (ICF = 0.95), cancer (ICF = 0.93), and hemorrhoids (ICF = 0.91). Medicinal plants that record the highest fidelity level (FL) (100%) and rank order priority (ROP) (100%) values included Justicia schimperiana, Embelia schimperi, Ekebergia capensis and Datura stramonium, which have been used to treat liver disorders, tapeworm infections, babesiosis, and rabies, respectively. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in the mean numbers of medicinal plants claimed by different social groups: older, illiterate, and traditional medicine practitioners reported higher mean numbers of medicinal plants than younger, literate, and general informants, respectively. Conclusion This study indicated the richness of medicinal plant species in Kofale District. Medicinal plants with the highest FL and ROP values and those used to treat disease categories with the highest ICF values should be prioritized in future phytochemical and pharmacological investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geritu Bedasso Nuro
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ketema Tolossa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mirutse Giday
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Tegegn G, Melaku Y, Aliye M, Abebe A, Abdissa N, Meresa A, Degu S, Hunsen M, Hussein AA, Endale M. In vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, essential oil composition, and in silico molecular modeling analysis of secondary metabolites from roots of Verbascum sinaiticum. Z NATURFORSCH C 2024; 79:25-39. [PMID: 38414256 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2023-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Verbascum sinaiticum is locally used to treat wound, stomachache, viral infection, cancer, sunstroke fever, abdominal colic, diarrhea, hemorrhage, anthrax, and hepatitis. The objective of this study was to identify the compounds and to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of the extracts and isolated compounds from V. sinaiticum. The 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT-135 were used to elucidate the structures of isolated compounds. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistillation method and their chemical analyses were performed by GC-MS. The broth microdilution method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity. The radical scavenging activity of the extracts and isolated compounds were evaluated using DPPH method. Silica gel column chromatographic separation of root extracts afforded seven known compounds: 3'-(4''-methoxy phenyl)-3'-oxo-propionyl hexadecanoate (1), harpagoside (2), pulverulentoside I (3), scrophuloside B4 (4), scropolioside A (5), scropolioside-D2 (6), and harpagide 6-O-β-glucoside (7), which are all reported from this species for the first time. The EO extracts from leaves and roots were the most susceptible to Streptococcus agalactiae, with a 2 mg/mL MIC. The EO from roots was effective against Candida albicans and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, with a MIC of 8 mg/mL. The MeOH and CH2Cl2/CH3OH (1:1) root extracts showed the maximum activity against S. epidermidis with MIC values of 0.25 mg/mL. The strongest antibacterial effects were demonstrated against Staphylococcus epidermidis, which exhibited a 0.0625 mg/mL MIC for compound 1. The strongest radical scavenging activity was exhibited by the methanol extract (IC50 = 3.4 μg/mL), and compounds 4, 6, 5, 3, 7, and 2 with IC50 values of 3.2, 3.38, 3.6, 3.8, 4.2, and 4.7 μg/mL, respectively, in comparison with ascorbic acid (IC50 = 1.3 μg/mL). The results of the molecular docking analysis of compounds revealed minimal binding energies range from -38.5 to -43.1 kJ/mol, -33.1 to -42.7 kJ/mol, -34.7 to -39.3.7 kJ/mol, -25.5 to -37.6 kJ/mol against human myeloperoxidase (PDB ID: 1DNU), murA enzyme (PDB ID: 1UAE), human topoisomerase IIβ (PDB ID: 4fm9), S. epidermidis FtsZ (PDB number: 4M8I) proteins, respectively. The docking results and the in vitro antibacterial activity are in good agreement. These findings show that the isolated compounds 2-7 can act as potential antioxidants and strong antibacterials against Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis. As a result, V. sinaiticum root extracts have the potential to be effective in treating diseases caused by bacteria and free radicals, as long as further investigation has been suggested for the ultimate decision of this plant's potential candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getachew Tegegn
- Department of Applied Chemistry, 125545 School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University , P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Yadessa Melaku
- Department of Applied Chemistry, 125545 School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University , P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Muhdin Aliye
- Department of Applied Chemistry, 125545 School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University , P.O. Box 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Abebe
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research and Development Directorate, 70605 Armauer Hansen Research Institute , P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Negera Abdissa
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research and Development Directorate, 70605 Armauer Hansen Research Institute , P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asfaw Meresa
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research and Development Directorate, 70605 Armauer Hansen Research Institute , P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sileshi Degu
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research and Development Directorate, 70605 Armauer Hansen Research Institute , P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mo Hunsen
- Department of Chemistry, 3475 Kenyon College , Gambier, OH 43022, USA
| | - Ahmed A Hussein
- Department of Chemistry, 70683 Cape Peninsula University of Technology , Bellville Campus, Bellville 7535, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Milkyas Endale
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research and Development Directorate, 70605 Armauer Hansen Research Institute , P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Ul Abidin SZ, Khan R, Ahmad M, Cuerrier A, Zafar M, Ullah A, Khan J, Saeed A, Al-Qahtani WH, Kazi M. Wild Edible Fruits as a Source of Food and Medicine: A Study among Tribal Communities of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:39. [PMID: 38202347 PMCID: PMC10780817 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Botanical surveys in all parts of Pakistan are mainly focused on ethnomedicinal uses of plants, and very little attention has been paid to documenting edible wild fruit species (EWFs). Multiple methodologies and tools were used for data collection. In a recent survey 74 EWF species belonging to 29 families were documented, including their medicinal uses for the treatment of various diseases. The most cited (23%) preparation method was raw, fresh parts. The UV and RFC of EWF species ranged from 0.08 to 0.4 and from 0.02 to 0.18, respectively. In terms of specific disease treatments and their consensus, the ICF ranged from 0 to 0.38. Sexual, gastrointestinal, and respiratory disorders had the highest use reports, and 11 species of plants had the highest FL of 100%. On the basis of uses reported by the inhabitants of seven districts of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, the CSI ranged from the lowest 1.3 to the highest 41. It is concluded that the traditional uses of EWF species depend mainly on socio-economic factors rather than climatic conditions or the number of species. However, there is a gradual loss of traditional knowledge among the younger generations. The present survey is the first baseline study about the socio-economic dimension of local communities regarding the use of EWF species for food as well as medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheikh Zain Ul Abidin
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (S.Z.U.A.); (J.K.); (A.S.)
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Raees Khan
- National Herbarium, National Agricultural Research Centre, Pakistan Agricultural Research, Council, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Alain Cuerrier
- Biological Sciences Department, University of Montreal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, Canada;
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan; (M.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Asad Ullah
- Centre of Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Jabbar Khan
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (S.Z.U.A.); (J.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Asma Saeed
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan; (S.Z.U.A.); (J.K.); (A.S.)
| | - Wahidah H. Al-Qahtani
- Department of Food Sciences & Nutrition, College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Asfaw A, Lulekal E, Bekele T, Debella A, Meresa A, Sisay B, Degu S, Abebe A. Antibacterial and phytochemical analysis of traditional medicinal plants: An alternative therapeutic Approach to conventional antibiotics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22462. [PMID: 38045177 PMCID: PMC10689945 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to carry out antibacterial and phytochemical analyses on six selected medicinal plants that have been traditionally used by the local people to treat and control different diseases. The antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts of these plants were assessed using the Agar well diffusion and Microtiter broth dilution methods. The root extract of Andrachne aspera showed significantly (p < 0.05) highest mean zone of inhibition at concentrations of 100 mg/ml (33 ± 0.17) and 200 mg/ml (33.5 ± 0.84) against S. epidermidis. The second highest mean zone of inhibition (24.8 ± 0.41) was recorded by Dichrostachys cinerea leaf extract against S. epidermidis at 200 mg/ml concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentrations 1.0 ± 0.0 was recorded by Andrachne aspera against E. faecalis and 2.0 ± 0.0 against S. aureus by Dichrostachys cinerea. The preliminary phytochemical analysis showed that Andrachne aspera and Dichrostachys cinerea contained strong concentration of Polyphenols and Flavonoids. Therefore, these two medicinal plant species have promising potential for further detailed investigations, including safety tests, characterization and isolation of bioactive secondary metabolites for the development of alternative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaye Asfaw
- Department of Natural Resource Management, Debre Berhan University, Ethiopia
- Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Ermias Lulekal
- Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Tamrat Bekele
- Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
| | - Asfaw Debella
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Traditional Medicine, Directorate, Ethiopia
| | - Asfaw Meresa
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Traditional Medicine, Directorate, Ethiopia
| | - Bihonegn Sisay
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Traditional Medicine, Directorate, Ethiopia
| | - Sileshi Degu
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Traditional Medicine, Directorate, Ethiopia
| | - Abiy Abebe
- Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Traditional Medicine, Directorate, Ethiopia
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Ketema T, Tadele M, Gebrie Z, Makonnen E, Hailu A, Abay SM. In vitro Anti-Leishmanial Activities of Methanol Extract of Brucea antidysenterica J.F. Mill Seeds and Its Solvent Fractions. J Exp Pharmacol 2023; 15:123-135. [PMID: 36937078 PMCID: PMC10022440 DOI: 10.2147/jep.s397352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Leishmaniasis is one of the neglected tropical diseases, threatening lives of about 350 million people globally. Brucea antidysenterica seeds are used for the treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the traditional medicine in Ethiopia. Objective This study aimed to evaluate Brucea antidysenterica seeds' anti-leishmanial activity in vitro. Methods The crude (80% methanol) extract of Brucea antidysenterica seeds and its fractions were evaluated for their anti-leishmanial activities against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania donovani and Leishmania aethiopica, and for their cytotoxic effects against mammalian cells. The quantitative estimations of total phenolic compounds (TPCs), flavonoids (TFCs) and alkaloids (TACs) were determined, spectrophotometrically. Median inhibitory concentration (IC50) and median cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of the extract and its solvent fractions were calculated using GraphPad Prism 9.1.0 computer software. Data was presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM). Results The crude extract and its hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol fractions showed anti-leishmanial activities, with IC50 values of 4.14-60.12 µg/mL against promastigotes, and 6.16-40.12 µg/mL against amastigotes of both Leishmania species. They showed moderate cytotoxicity against Vero cell lines and peritoneal mice macrophages, with CC50 values of 100-500 µg/mL, but >1600 µg/mL against red blood cells. Selectivity indices ranged from 7.97 to 30.97. The crude extract, and its ethyl acetate and hexane fractions possessed 54.78-127.72 mg of gallic acid equivalent TPC, 18.30-79.21 mg of quercetin equivalent TFC, and 27.62-97.22 mg of atropine equivalent TAC per gram of extracts. Conclusion The seeds of the plant possessed anti-leishmanial activities against L. aethiopica and L. donovani that might provide a scientific justification for its use in the treatment of leishmaniasis by traditional healers. Future works are recommended to isolate, purify and identify the possible secondary metabolites attributed to the anti-leishmanial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasisa Ketema
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Markos Tadele
- Animal Health Research Program, Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta, Ethiopia
| | - Zewdie Gebrie
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Asrat Hailu
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon M Abay
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Asfaw A, Lulekal E, Bekele T, Debella A, Abebe A, Degu S. Documentation of traditional medicinal plants use in Ensaro District, Ethiopia: Implications for plant biodiversity and indigenous knowledge conservation. J Herb Med 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2023.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Adane F, Assefa W, Alem MB, Dessalegn M. Sub-chronic toxicity of the aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum lamiifolium Hochst. ex Benth on biochemical parameters and histopathology of liver and kidney in rats: in vivo and in- silico toxicity studies. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:30. [PMID: 36732775 PMCID: PMC9893677 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aerial part of Ocimum lamiifolium is commonly used in Ethiopian traditional medicine. Although this plant is mostly used in traditional medicine, its safety profile has not been documented yet. The aim of this study was to assess the sub-chronic toxicity of O. lamiifolium aqueous extract in rats and to determine the toxicity profile of GC-MS identified bioactive compounds obtained from essential oil of O. lamiifolium using in silico toxicity methods. METHODS Eighty rats (40 male and 40 female) were randomly assigned to four groups of ten rats per sex/group. For 90 days, Groups I-III received 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg bw of aqueous extract of O. lamiifolium, respectively. Distilled water was given to Group IV (control). Clinical observations, food intake, and rat weight were all recorded during the experiment. In addition, several biochemical parameters, organ weight, and histology of the liver and kidney were all evaluated. For the in-silico toxicity study, GC-MS identified bioactive compounds in O. lamiifolium essential oil were obtained from published articles. The compounds two-dimensional structures were constructed using Chemdraw. The two-dimensional structures were converted into a simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) using the Swiss ADMET web tool. Furthermore, the toxicity parameters were predicted using the ProTox II server. RESULTS The administration of an aqueous extract of O. lamiifolium leaves significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the test animals' food intake and body weight gain. In the high dose (600 mg/kg bw) treated group, the serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05). In female rats given 600 mg/kg bw of O. lamiifolium, the levels of serum urea were also increased. In addition, rats given 600 mg/kg bw had significantly lower blood glucose levels than the control group (p < 0.05). Doses up to 400 mg/kg bw didn't bring a significant change to the histology of the liver. However, in the high dose (600 mg/kg bw) treated group, some female rats' livers showed mild sinusoidal and central vein dilatation, as well as parenchymal necrosis. our findings showed that all compounds derived from the essential oil of O. lamiifolium showed no mutagenicity or cytotoxicity. However, 30% of the compounds tested were hepatotoxic, 20% carcinogenic, and 20% immunotoxin. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that oral administration of O. lamiifoliums aqueous extract up to a dose of 400 mg/kg bw is not toxic. However, high-dose (600 mg/kg bw) significantly affected the food consumption and weight gain of the experimental rats and the serum concentration of some liver and kidney enzymes were also significantly increased. Additionally, a considerable proportion of the tested compounds were predicted to be hepatotoxic, carcinogenic and immunotoxin. Furthermore, before employing O. lamiifolium preparations as drugs, a chronic toxicity research on the essential oil as well as its components that exhibited toxicity in the in-silico toxicity study is needed. Finally, use high doses of O. lamiifolium leaves with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fentahun Adane
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Wubshet Assefa
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Mamaru Bitew Alem
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Megbar Dessalegn
- grid.449044.90000 0004 0480 6730Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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In vitro anti-HIV and cytotoxic effects of pure compounds isolated from Croton macrostachyus Hochst. Ex Delile. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:159. [PMID: 35705943 PMCID: PMC9202147 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03638-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Croton macrostachyus is an important plant in traditional African medicine, widely utilized to treat a variety of diseases. In Kenya, HIV-infected patients use leaf and root decoctions of the plant as a cure for cough, back pain, bleeding, skin diseases, warts, pneumonia, and wounds. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-HIV activities and cytotoxic effects of extracts and chemical constituents isolated from C. macrostachyus. In our previous study we demonstrated that the hexane, CH2Cl2, ethyl acetate and methanol soluble fractions of a 1:1 v/v/ CH2Cl2/MeOH crude extracts of the leaves and stem bark of C. macrostachyus exhibited potent anti-HIV activities against HIV-1 with IC50 values ranging from 0.02–8.1 μg/mL and cytotoxicity effects against MT-4 cells ranging from IC50 = 0.58–174 μg/mL. Hence, hexane soluble extract of 1:1 v/v/ CH2Cl2/MeOH crude extract of the leaves of C. macrostachyus, that was more potent against HIV-1 at IC50 = 0.02 μg/mL was subjected to column chromatography leading to the isolation of 2-methoxy benzyl benzoate (1), lupenone (2), lupeol acetate (3), betulin (4), lupeol (5), sitosterol (6) and stigmasterol (7). Lupenone (2), lupeol acetate (3) and betulin (4) exhibited anti-HIV-1 inhibition at IC50 = 4.7 nM, 4.3 and 4.5 μg/mL respectively. The results obtained from this study support the potential of C. macrostachyus, as a source of anti-HIV constituents.
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Phytochemical Exploration and Investigation of In Vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Different Solvent Extracts of Clematis Hirsuta (Nech Yeazohareg) Leaves. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00532-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Degfie T, Ombito JO, Demissie TB, Eswaramoorthy R, Dekebo A, Endale M. Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities, in silico Molecular Docking, ADMET and DFT Analysis of Compounds from Roots of Cyphostemma cyphopetalum. Adv Appl Bioinform Chem 2022; 15:79-97. [PMID: 36330228 PMCID: PMC9624657 DOI: 10.2147/aabc.s377336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyphostemma cyphopetalum is a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat various ailments. Limited studies on C. cyphopetalum inspired us to investigate the chemical nature and therapeutic potential of the plant. Methods Silica gel column chromatographic separation was used for isolation. 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis and literature data were used for structural elucidation. Agar well diffusion assay was used for evaluation of antibacterial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and S. aureus. DPPH assay was used to evaluate radical scavenging activities. Molecular docking was done by AutoDock Vina 4.2 open-source program. DFT calculations were performed using the Gaussian 16 program package. Results Dichloromethane/methanol (1:1) roots extract afforded a new hydroxyl-spongiane diterpenoid lactone derivative, 3-hydroxyisoagatholactone (1), along with β-sitosterol (2) and ε-viniferin (3) whereas methanol extract afforded trans-resveratrol (4), gnetin H (5), tricuspidatol A (6), ε-viniferin-diol (7) and parthenostilbenin B (8). At 50 μg/mL, compound 3 recorded the highest inhibition against E. coli (8.55 ± 0.45 mm) and S. aureus (9.30 ±1.39 mm). Against P. aeruginosa, compound 5 consistently outperformed chloramphenicol (11.76 ± 0.77 mm, at 30 g/mL). Maximum binding affinity were observed by compound 3 against DNA gyrase B (-7.6 kcal/mol) where as compound 5 displayed maximum binding against PqsA (-8.8 kcal/mol) and S. aureus PK (-5.8 kcal/mol). Compounds 1, 3 and 4 satisfy Lipinski's rule of five. Trans-resveratrol (4) demonstrated strong DPPH scavenging activity at 12.5 g/mL, with IC50 values of 0.052 µg/mL, compared to ascorbic acid (IC50 value of 0.0012 µg/mL). Conclusion In this work, eight compounds were identified from the roots extracts of C. cyphopetalum including a new hydroxyl-spongiane diterpenoid lactone, 3-hydroxyisoagatholactone (1). Compounds 3 and 5 exhibited good antibacterial activity and binding affinities. The docking result is in agreement with the in vitro antibacterial study. Overall, the study result suggests that the isolated compounds have the potential to be used as therapeutic agents, which supports the traditional uses of C. cyphpetalum roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teshome Degfie
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Japheth O Ombito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Taye B Demissie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Aman Dekebo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Milkyas Endale
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Applied Natural Science, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
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Getachew M, Belayneh A, Kebede B, Alimaw Y, Biyazin Y, Abebaw A, Abebe D. Medicinal plants used for management of hemorrhoids in Ethiopia: A systematic review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10211. [PMID: 36033288 PMCID: PMC9403375 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hemorrhoids have been reported to beset human beings since the earliest history of mankind. Utilization of herbal medicines is ever increasing as the demand for natural remedies is growing. In Ethiopia, many patients commonly use herbal medicines for hemorrhoids management despite lack of organized information at country level. This systematic review was aimed to document reports about utilization of medicinal plants for hemorrhoids management in Ethiopia. Method A web-based systematic literature search was carried out through electronic databases like PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Sciences, Science Direct, and websites of different organizations. All studies with complete ethnobotanical information were included in this review without regard to methodology and publication year. Results A total of 23 articles were included in this systematic review. Majority (41.7%) of studies were reported from Oromia region followed by Amhara (33.3%) regional state. A total of 50 medicinal plants have been reported where Fabaceae and Solanaceae represent the most commonly used families. Herbs were the most (38%) commonly used medicinal plants followed by shrubs (34%) and trees (26%). Leaf (44%) and root (24%) were the first and second most commonly used plant parts, respectively. Most of the medicinal remedies (36%) were prepared by pounding the fresh part of the plant. Besides, 56.1% of the herbal preparations were administered through topical route. Conclusion and recommendations Numerous medicinal plants from various families have been documented in this review as anti-hemorrhoidal remedies. Further studies could be anticipated in the search for new, effective, and safe plant-based medications from medicinal plants discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melese Getachew
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Belayneh
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Bekalu Kebede
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Yigardush Alimaw
- Department of Sociology, College of Social Science and Humanities, Debre Markos University, P.O Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Yalemgeta Biyazin
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Abtie Abebaw
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Dehnnet Abebe
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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A Review on Medicinal Plants Used in the Management of Respiratory Problems in Ethiopia over a Twenty-Year Period (2000–2021). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2935015. [PMID: 35795271 PMCID: PMC9252637 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2935015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review is aimed at assessing and compiling the different ethnomedicinal studies in different parts of Ethiopia used to treat respiratory diseases. The data were collected from different published research papers through searching the web sources such as PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and other related websites. The important search terminologies included ethnobotany, respiratory diseases, medicinal plants, and Ethiopia. For this, a total of 65 articles of recent publications (from 2000 to May 2021 years) that provided full information about the use of medicinal plant species to treat respiratory disorder diseases in Ethiopia were consulted. Based on this, a total of 96 medicinal plants belonging to 57 families were reviewed. The commonly recorded families used to manage respiratory problems were Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Solanaceae, and Fabaceae. Herbs and shrubs were the dominant plant growth forms. Due to the easiest form of their preparation for treating respiratory disorders, leaves are the most cited plant parts followed by roots. Crushing and pounding are useful methods of remedy preparation to treat respiratory diseases. This review concluded that different medicinal plants have a significant contribution in combating serious respiratory problems in Ethiopia. Hence, the complied review of medicinal plants on the treatment of respiratory problems would play a great role in further pharmacological and phytochemical investigations in developing new drugs used for the treatment of respiratory problems and in the conservation of these important medicinal plants.
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Ahmed SR, Al-Sanea MM, Mostafa EM, Qasim S, Abelyan N, Mokhtar FA. A Network Pharmacology Analysis of Cytotoxic Triterpenes Isolated from Euphorbia abyssinica Latex Supported by Drug-likeness and ADMET Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:17713-17722. [PMID: 35664578 PMCID: PMC9161416 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Euphorbia plants have been identified as potential sources of antitumor lead compounds. The current study aimed to isolate and identify the main active constituents of Euphorbia abyssinica latex followed by a cytotoxic evaluation. A network pharmacology approach was employed to predict the underlying mechanism. Finally, drug-likeness and ADMET studies were conducted for active compounds. The phytochemical investigation of the latex of E. abyssinica resulted in the isolation of two triterpenes, 3-acetyloxy-(3α)-urs-12-en-28-oic methyl ester (1) and lup-20(29)-en-3α,23-diol (2). The dichloromethane extract displayed potent cytotoxic activity against the MCF7 cell line with an IC50 value of 4.27 ± 0.12 μg/mL but weak activity against HepG2 and HeLa cell lines (IC50 = 20.47 ± 1.17 and 26.73 ± 2.99 μg/mL, respectively) compared to doxorubicin. Compound 1 showed an encouraging cytotoxic effect against MCF7 with IC50 = 4.20 ± 0.20 μg/mL, followed by compound 2 (IC50 = 5.8 ± 0.35 μg/mL). The network analysis revealed that the two isolated compounds are linked to 68 targets of human nature, among which 51 genes are linked to breast carcinomas and 5 targets (AR, CYP19A1, EGFR, PGR, and PTGS2) might be the top therapeutic targets of isolated compounds on breast cancer. Furthermore, the gene-enrichment analysis revealed that E. abyssinica could play a role in the treatment of breast cancer by striking 51 potential targets via mainly three signaling pathways: P13K-AKT, Wnt, and VEGF. Therefore, isolated triterpenes could be considered effective antitumor agents for breast cancer by elucidating their candidate target to alleviate breast cancer and related signaling pathways of the targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa R. Ahmed
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf
University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ehab M. Mostafa
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf
University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumera Qasim
- Pharmacology
Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Narek Abelyan
- Foundation
for Armenian Science and Technology, 0033 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Fatma Alzahraa Mokhtar
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alsalam
University, Kafr El-Zayat 31612, Al Gharbiyah, Egypt
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Antidiarrheal Effect of 80% Methanol Extract and Fractions of the Leaves of Ocimum lamiifolium in Swiss Albino Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:6838295. [PMID: 35664936 PMCID: PMC9162844 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6838295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Worldwide, in children of under five years of age, diarrhea is responsible for more than 760,000 annual deaths. It is treated with both modern drugs and traditional medicinal plants, including O. lamiifolium. But the use of this plant as an antidiarrheal agent is not scientifically validated. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate antidiarrheal efficacy of the plant. Method The leaf powder was macerated by 80% methanol and then fractionated using n-hexane, n-butanol, and distilled water. Antidiarrheal activity was evaluated through different models (castor oil-induced diarrhea, enteropooling, and motility) using onset, number of wet feces, fluid content, weight and volume of intestinal content, and motility as test parameters by administering treatment doses to groups of mice. Group I received 10 mL/kg of the dissolving vehicle, Group II received either loperamide or atropine, and Groups III-V received extract doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze the data, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. Results The crude extract exhibited a significant effect on the fluid content of feces at all tested doses. Additionally, the n-butanol and distilled water fractions revealed significant effects on onset of diarrhea at 400 mg/kg (p < 0.05), while the n-hexane fraction showed significant effects on number of wet feces, onset, and fluid content of feces at all tried doses. The crude extract and all the fractions (at 200 and 400 mg/kg) decreased the weight and volume of intestinal content significantly. Similarly, both the crude extract and distilled water fraction at 400 mg/kg as well as n-butanol and n-hexane fractions at 200 and 400 mg/kg showed meaningful differences on peristaltic index as compared to the negative control. Conclusion The results revealed that the leaf extract of O. lamiifolium has an antidiarrheal activity, which supports the traditional medical practice.
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Medicinal Plants Utilized for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Parasitosis in Ethiopia. J Parasitol Res 2022; 2022:3584861. [PMID: 35340929 PMCID: PMC8942683 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3584861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nonhygienic living conditions give rise to parasitic infections. Intestinal parasitosis is a serious public health problem in Ethiopia. It is more common in the poor part of the population with low-income, poor personal, and environmental sanitation and limited clean water supply. This review is aimed at providing an overview of the medicinal plants used for the treatment of gastrointestinal parasitosis in Ethiopia. Methods International databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science) were systematically searched to access published original articles on medicinal plants used to treat gastrointestinal parasitosis without restriction on the year of publication and methodology. The validity of articles was checked before inclusion in the review by undertaking critical appraisal using tools adapted from JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. The details of medicinal plants were extracted from the included studies using a standardized data extraction format in excel spreadsheet and analyzed using descriptive statistics to calculate frequency and percentage. Results A search for published articles produced a total of 205 papers, of which 23 met the inclusion criteria. Of the 85 medicinal plants identified, the majority (40.2%) were shrubs, and the common plant part used was leaf (28.2%). Family Asteraceae has the highest number of plant species. The majority of the plant remedies were given orally (96.9%). Taeniasis comprises the highest percentage of intestinal parasitosis treated followed by ascariasis. Conclusion Numerous plants have been utilized to treat gastrointestinal parasitosis. Information obtained from this review could serve as a guide to discover novel antiparasitic agents. Therefore, it is advisable for researchers to properly identify, document, conserve, and conduct safety and efficacy studies on such claimed medicinal plants.
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Ahmed SR, Hamed AR, Ali MI, Sedeek MS, Abelyan N, Al-Sanea MM. Cancer Chemopreventive Potential and Chemical Profiling of Euphorbia abyssinica Endowed with Docking Studies. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:3596-3604. [PMID: 35128266 PMCID: PMC8811758 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemical profiling of both fruit and aerial part extracts of Euphorbia abyssinica via ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) showed them to be a rich source of diverse compounds. A total of 39 compounds in both extracts including flavonoids and phenolic compounds were identified as predominant metabolites. The antioxidant activity of both extracts was evaluated using three different in vitro assays (DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays). The E. abyssinica fruit extract demonstrated more potent activity compared to the aerial part extract (IC50 of 85.1 ± 1.07 and 562.3 ± 1.01 μg/mL, respectively) in the DPPH assay. Furthermore, using ABTS and FRAP assays, the antioxidant capacities of the fruit extract were 1063.03 ± 37.8 and 1476.5 ± 95.6, respectively, calculated as μM Trolox equivalent/mg extract. One of the existing markers for cancer chemoprevention is the induction of phase II detoxifying enzyme NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), which plays a vital role in cytoprotection against oxidative damage. The extracts were assessed to test their chemopreventive potential via NQO1 enzyme induction. The methanolic extract of fruits demonstrated a concentration-dependent increase in the cancer chemopreventive marker enzyme NQO1 at the protein expression level in a murine hepatoma cell line (Hepa1c1c7). The interaction with Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) is an essential transcription factor that controls the expression of the NQO1 enzyme. The demonstrated induction of NQO1 by the fruit extract is consistent with a molecular docking study of the effect of dereplicated compounds on the KEAP1 target. Among the dereplicated compounds, hesperidin, naringin, and rutin have been established as promising inducer compounds for the chemopreventive marker NQO1. Our results highlight the E. abyssinica fruit extract as a future chemopreventive lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa R. Ahmed
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Jouf
University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo
University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
- .
Tel: 00966532019622
| | - Ahmed R. Hamed
- Chemistry
of Medicinal Plants Department, National
Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Biology
Unit, Central Laboratory for Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research
Division, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohammed I. Ali
- Medicinal
and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Sedeek
- Department
of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo
University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Narek Abelyan
- Institute
of Biomedicine and Pharmacy, Russian-Armenian
University, 0051 Yerevan, Armenia
- Foundation
for Armenian Science and Technology, 0033 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Mohammad M. Al-Sanea
- Pharmaceutical
Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
- . Tel: 00966594076460
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Roles of traditional medicine and traditional healers for rabies prevention and potential impacts on post-exposure prophylaxis: A literature review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010087. [PMID: 35051178 PMCID: PMC8775316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Globally, traditional medicine is widely used to treat a variety of injuries and illnesses, including dog bites, and exposures that are risky for rabies. However, efficacy of most traditional remedies used for rabies prevention or treatment has not been demonstrated in controlled trials or proven in community-based surveys. Methods Six databases were searched including the terms rabies, traditional treatment, traditional remedy, traditional therapy, traditional medicine, and medicinal treatment to review traditional remedies used in the prevention and treatment of rabies. In addition, published literature of rabies transmission dynamics was used to estimate statistical likelihood of dog bite victims developing rabies to provide clarity as to why traditional healers have a high apparent success rate when preventing death from rabies in victims bitten by suspected rabid dogs. Results Literature review yielded 50 articles, including three controlled experiments, that described use of traditional remedies for rabies prevention and treatment. Traditional remedies for rabies ranged from plant- or animal-based products to spiritual rituals; however, only a few controlled mice trials were conducted, and none of these trials demonstrated efficacy in preventing or treating rabies. Risk of dying from rabies after a bite from a dog with unknown rabies status is low, 1.90% (0.05%-29.60%). Therefore, traditional healers had a 98.10% (70.40%-99.95%) apparent success rate in preventing death from suspected rabid dog bites despite inefficaciousness of herbal remedies. Conclusion There was no universal plant species or route of administration that was consistently used for rabies prevention or treatment across countries. No traditional remedy was efficacious in the prevention or treatment of rabies in randomized controlled experiments. Understanding the cultural context under which traditional remedies are used may facilitate collaboration of traditional healers with the modern medical system to ensure timely and appropriate use of proven therapies for prevention and clinical management of rabies. Traditional medicine is commonly used worldwide for a variety of ailments and diseases, including animal bite wound care and pre-clinical rabies prevention. Traditional healers often use herbal-based remedies containing local plants. Other traditional remedies include animal-based or spiritual-based methods. This literature review included plant surveys, controlled mice experiments, and community-based studies concerning rabies prevention provided by traditional healers in multiple countries. There was no consistent remedy used across the published literature, and most importantly, there were no published studies supporting effective traditional medicine methods for use in the prevention or treatment of human rabies. Our review of rabies virus transmission rates show that traditional healers have a high apparent success rate of preventing rabies deaths from dog bites, but there is no scientific or medical basis for this perception. Educating communities about proven, effective rabies prevention through post-exposure prophylaxis while understanding the cultural importance of traditional medicine is needed for promoting effective rabies prevention.
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Sirak B, Asres K, Hailu A, Dube M, Arnold N, Häberli C, Keiser J, Imming P. In Vitro Antileishmanial and Antischistosomal Activities of Anemonin Isolated from the Fresh Leaves of Ranunculus multifidus Forsk. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247473. [PMID: 34946555 PMCID: PMC8703683 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Leishmaniasis and schistosomiasis are neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) infecting the world’s poorest populations. Effectiveness of the current antileishmanial and antischistosomal therapies are significantly declining, which calls for an urgent need of new effective and safe drugs. In Ethiopia fresh leaves of Ranunculus multifidus Forsk. are traditionally used for the treatment of various ailments including leishmaniasis and eradication of intestinal worms. In the current study, anemonin isolated from the fresh leaves of R. multifidus was assessed for its in vitro antileishmanial and antischistosomal activities. Anemonin was isolated from the hydro-distilled extract of the leaves of R. multifidus. Antileishmanial activity was assessed on clinical isolates of the promastigote and amastigote forms of Leishmania aethiopica and L. donovani clinical isolates. Resazurin reduction assay was used to determine antipromastigote activity, while macrophages were employed for antiamastigote and cytotoxicity assays. Antischistosomal assays were performed against adult Schistosoma mansoni and newly transformed schistosomules (NTS). Anemonin displayed significant antileishmanial activity with IC50 values of 1.33 nM and 1.58 nM against promastigotes and 1.24 nM and 1.91 nM against amastigotes of L. aethiopica and L. donovani, respectively. It also showed moderate activity against adult S. mansoni and NTS (49% activity against adult S. mansoni at 10 µM and 41% activity against NTS at 1 µM). The results obtained in this investigation indicate that anemonin has the potential to be used as a template for designing novel antileishmanial and antischistosomal pharmacophores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betelhem Sirak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia;
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch P.O. Box 21, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Asres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia;
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (P.I.)
| | - Asrat Hailu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia;
| | - Mthandazo Dube
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Norbert Arnold
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany; (M.D.); (N.A.)
| | - Cecile Häberli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; (C.H.); (J.K.)
- University of Basel, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer Keiser
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstr. 57, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland; (C.H.); (J.K.)
- University of Basel, CH-4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Imming
- Institut fuer Pharmazie, Martin-Luther-Universitaet Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence: (K.A.); (P.I.)
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Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, and brine shrimp cytotoxicity of different solvent extracts of Acanthus polystachyus, Keetia gueinzii, and Rhynchosia elegans. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00342-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The root, root bark, and root tubers of Acanthus polystachyus, Keetia gueinzii, and Rhynchosia elegans are used for managing bacterial and fungal infections among the Luo community of Kisumu East Sub County in Kenya. However, data on the efficacy of these plants against common bacterial and fungal pathogens is not available. The safety of these plants is also not known. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical composition, antimicrobial properties, and safety of different solvent extracts of the roots, root barks, and root tubers of Acanthus polystachyus, Keetia gueinzii, and Rhynchosia elegans. The broth microdilution method evaluated the antimicrobial activities of the root, root bark, and root tuber extracts (water, acetone, and methanol) of Acanthus polystachyus, Keetia gueinzii, and Rhynchosia elegans. Gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus), gram-negative (Escherichia coli), and fungal (Candida albicans) microorganisms were used in the evaluation. The safety of the extracts was evaluated in Artemia salina. The phytochemical composition of the extracts was determined using qualitative and quantitative assays.
Results
In general, the extracts of Acanthus polystachyus, Keetia gueinzii, and Rhynchosia elegans displayed poor antimicrobial properties relative to conventional antimicrobial agents including Amoxicillin, Gentamicin, and Nystatin. The aqueous extract of Acanthus polystachyus and the aqueous, acetone, and methanol extracts of Keetia gueinzii were safe in Artemia salina but all other extracts were cytotoxic to Artemia salina.
Conclusions
These findings suggest that the use of the roots, root barks, and root tubers of Acanthus polystachyus, Keetia gueinzii, and Rhynchosia elegans is limited by poor antimicrobial efficacy and cytotoxicity.
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Mir TA, Jan M, Khare RK. Ethnomedicinal application of plants in Doodhganga forest range of district Budgam, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Eur J Integr Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.101366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Derebe D, Wubetu M, Alamirew A. Evaluation of Antimalarial Activity of 80% Methanolic Root Extract of Dorstenia barnimiana Against Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice. Clin Pharmacol 2021; 13:157-167. [PMID: 34295194 PMCID: PMC8291586 DOI: 10.2147/cpaa.s313847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to resistance of parasites, costs, and safety issues with currently available drugs, there is a need to discover new antimalarials. Medicinal plants are one of the most important sources of new drugs. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimalarial activity of a methanolic root extract of Dorstenia barnimiana in Swiss albino mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. METHODS Four-day suppressive, curative, and prophylactic tests were performed on mice infected with P. berghei to evaluate the antimalarial activity of a methanolic root extract of the plant. Parasitemia suppression, survival time, body-weight change, rectal temperature change, and packed-cell volume were used to evaluate the activity of the extract. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test for comparisons between and within groups, with P<0.05 considered statistically significant. RESULTS The D. barnimiana root extract showed significant (P<0.01) parasitemia-suppressive activities in all models compared to the negative control. The extract increased mean survival time and prevented weight loss, reduction in temperature, and anemia significantly in all tested doses in 4-day suppressive and curative tests. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, D. barnimiana root has promising antimalarial activity and can considered a potential source to develop new agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagninet Derebe
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Muluken Wubetu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Amare Alamirew
- Department of Community Health, ALKAN Health Science, Business and Technology College, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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Mengie T, Mequanente S, Nigussie D, Legesse B, Makonnen E. Investigation of Wound Healing and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Solvent Fractions of 80% Methanol Leaf Extract of Achyranthes aspera L. (Amaranthaceae) in Rats. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:1775-1787. [PMID: 33981155 PMCID: PMC8109023 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s298244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The various fractions of leaves of Achyranthes aspera L. (A. aspera) have not yet been explored scientifically for in-vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate in-vivo wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities of solvent fractions of 80% methanol leaf extract of A. aspera in rats. METHODS The 80% methanol leaf extract of A. aspera was fractionated with chloroform, n-butanol and water. Wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using excision and incision wound models, rat paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models, respectively. For wound healing activity, fractions were evaluated at 5 and 10% ointments. The positive control groups were treated with nitrofurazone 0.2% ointment. Simple ointment treated for excision wound model and untreated for incision wound model rats were assigned as negative controls. For anti-inflammatory activity, fractions were evaluated at 100, 200 and 400mg/kg. Positive control groups were treated with indomethacin 10mg/kg for both rat paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma models. The 2% Tween 80 treated rats were assigned as negative controls for both anti-inflammatory activity models. All groups comprised of 6 rats and treatment administrations were made topically and orally for evaluation of wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities. RESULTS The 10% w/w chloroform fraction ointment revealed a high percentage of wound contraction and reduced period of epithelialization (p <0.01). Chloroform fraction was also found to be the most active fraction, which demonstrated the maximum percentage inhibition of edema (52.50%; p <0.01) and transudative and proliferative component of chronic inflammation (37.52 and 52.81%; p <0.01), which was comparable to indomethacin. CONCLUSION Data obtained from this study collectively indicated that a chloroform fraction of 80% methanol leaf extract of A. aspera possessed significant wound healing and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teklie Mengie
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Mequanente
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dereje Nigussie
- Vaccines and Diagnostic Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Belete Legesse
- Center for Innovative Drug Development & Therapeutics Trial in Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Center for Innovative Drug Development & Therapeutics Trial in Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Bioactive compounds from Croton macrostachyus and Commiphora habessinica occurring in Ethiopia. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-021-00570-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used to Treat Human and Livestock Ailments in Hulet Eju Enese Woreda, East Gojjam Zone of Amhara Region, Ethiopia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6668541. [PMID: 33854558 PMCID: PMC8021471 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6668541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous people of a given community have their own local specific knowledge on plant use, management, and conservation. The objective of this study was to document medicinal plants used to treat human and livestock ailments in Hulet Eju Enese Woreda. The data were collected using semistructured interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations with local people. A total of 100 informants over the age of 20 years were selected to collect information on medicinal plant use. Descriptive statistics (percentage and frequency), Jaccard's similarity index, independent sample t-test and analysis of variance, informant consensus factor, fidelity level, preference ranking, and direct matrix ranking were computed. A total of 80 medicinal plant species belonging to 75 genera and 52 families were documented. In terms of species diversity, Solanaceae stood first with 5 species followed by Euphorbiaceae and Malvaceae with 4 species each. Out of eighty medicinal plants, 53 species were used to treat only human ailments, 8 species were used to treat only livestock ailments, and the remaining 19 species were used for treating both human and livestock ailments. From the total medicinal plant species, shrub constitutes the largest number with 42.5% species. The most frequently used plant parts were leaves, accounting for 28.9%. The major routes of administration were oral accounts, 81 (57%), followed by dermal, 45 (31.7%), nasal, 6 (4.2%), and others, 10 (7%). In the disease category with the highest informant consensus factor (0.83) value was sudden sickness. There was highest preference (49) for Phytolacca dodecandra to treat rabies. Cordia africana was shown to be the top multipurpose species. This study revealed that the study area was rich in medicinal plants. Agricultural expansion, charcoal making, and firewood collection were considered major threats to medicinal plants. Therefore, awareness creation to the youth and training to the healers play a pivotal role to prevent the loss of indigenous knowledge.
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Pharmacological Evaluation of Antipyretic and Antioxidant Activities of 80% Methanol Root Extract and Derived Solvent Fraction of Echinops kebericho M. (Asteraceae) in Mice Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6670984. [PMID: 33816625 PMCID: PMC7987432 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6670984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Toxicity and untoward effects are very ostensible in most standard drugs including antipyretic agents. Searching for conceivable antipyretic drugs with minimal toxicities and side effects from traditional plants is a growing concern to date. Echinops kebericho M. (Asteraceae) is one of the most prominent traditional medicinal plants, which is frequently testified for its traditionally claimed uses of treating fever and different infectious and noninfectious disorders by traditional healers in Ethiopian folk medicine. However, this plant has not been scientifically assessed for its traditionally claimed uses. This study therefore is aimed at investigating the antipyretic and antioxidant activities of 80% methanol root extract and the derived solvent fraction of Echinops kebericho M. in mouse models. Methods Successive solvent maceration with increased polarity was used as the method of extractions, and chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water were used as solvents. After extraction, the crude extract and its derived solvent fractions were assessed for their antipyretic activities using yeast-induced pyrexia while, the antioxidant activities were measured in vitro using the diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay method. Both the extract and solvent fractions were evaluated at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for its antipyretic activities, and the antioxidant activity was evaluated at the doses of 50, 100, 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 mg/kg. The positive control group was treated with standard drug (ASA 100 mg/kg), while normal saline-receiving groups were assigned as negative control. Result E. kebericho crude extract along with its derived solvent fractions showed statistically significant (p < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001) temperature reduction activities. The maximum percentage of temperature reduction was observed by the highest dose (400 mg/kg) of the crude extract. The aqueous fraction also showed significantly (p < 0.05 and 0.01) higher temperature reduction than those of ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions. The free radical scavenging activities of the crude extract were also significantly high at the maximum dose, and the aqueous fraction showed the significantly highest antioxidant activity. Conclusion In general, the data obtained from the present study clarified that the extract possessed significant antipyretic and antioxidant activities, upholding the traditionally claimed use of the plant.
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Deyno S, Mtewa AG, Hope D, Bazira J, Makonnen E, Alele PE. Antibacterial Activities of Echinops kebericho Mesfin Tuber Extracts and Isolation of the Most Active Compound, Dehydrocostus Lactone. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:608672. [PMID: 33597879 PMCID: PMC7883827 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.608672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinops kebericho Mesfin is traditionally used for the treatment of various infectious diseases. This study investigated antibacterial activity of the essential oil (EO) and the different fractions of ethanol extract. The most active component was isolated and identified. Isolation and purification was accomplished using chromatographic techniques while identification was done by spectroscopic method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth micro-dilution method. In bioactive-guided isolation, percent inhibition was determined using optical density (OD) measurement. The MICs of the essential oil ranged from 78.125 μg/ml to 625 μg/ml, and its activity was observed against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, NCTC 12493). Ethyl acetate fraction showed high activity against MRSA (NCTC 12493), MIC = 39.075 μg/ml followed by Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 49532), MIC = 78.125 μg/ml and was least active against Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 700603), MIC = 1,250 μg/ml. MIC of hexane fraction ranged from 156.2 µg/ml to Escherichia coli (ATCC 49532) to 1,250 μg/ml to E. coli (NCTC 11954). The MICs of chloroform fraction ranged from 312.5 to 2500 μg/ml; while butanol fraction could be considered pharmacologically inactive as its MIC value was 2,500 μg/ml for all and no activity against E. coli (NCTC 11954). Dehydrocostus lactone was successfully isolated and identified whose MIC was 19.53 μg/ml against MRSA. Dehydrocostus lactone isolated from E. kebericho M. showed noteworthy antibacterial activity which lends support to ethnopharmacological use of the plant. Further optimization should be done to improve its antibacterial activities and pharmacokinetic profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serawit Deyno
- Department of Pharmacology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.,Pharmbiotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Andrew G Mtewa
- Chemistry Section, Department of Applied Sciences, Malawi Institute of Technology, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Limbe, Malawi
| | - Derick Hope
- MSF Mbarara Research Base, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Joel Bazira
- Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Paul E Alele
- Department of Pharmacology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Tesfaye R, Degu A, Abebe B, Ayalew H. Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Potential of 80% Methanol Leaf Extract of Otostegia integrifolia Benth (Lamiaceae). J Inflamm Res 2021; 13:1175-1183. [PMID: 33380820 PMCID: PMC7767723 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s285932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pain and inflammatory disorders are the most prevalent syndromes. Different herbs were used for treatment of pain and inflammation including members of the genus Otostegia. As a result, this research investigated the in vivo analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of 80% methanol leaf extract of Otostegia integrifolia in mice. Methods The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the plant was evaluated using hot plate method, acetic-acid induced writhing test, and carrageenan and formalin induced paw edema. Three experimental groups (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) received the extract while morphine 10 mg/kg and aspirin 150 mg/kg were used as a positive control for analgesic and anti-inflammatory tests accordingly. Distilled water (10 mL/kg) was used as negative control. Results From the experimental groups, OI400 displayed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities (P<0.001). In acetic acid induced writhing tests, the number of writhes decreased significantly (P<0.001) in all experimental groups. Similarly, OI400 reduced the mean paw edema significantly in carrageenan and formalin induced paw edema (P<0.05 and P<0.001, respectively). Conclusion In general, the results obtained in this study demonstrated that the extract exhibited significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rediet Tesfaye
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abel Degu
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Besufekad Abebe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hiwot Ayalew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Deyno S, Tola MA, Bazira J, Makonnen E, Alele PE. Acute and repeated-dose toxicity of Echinops kebericho Mesfin essential oil. Toxicol Rep 2020; 8:131-138. [PMID: 33437654 PMCID: PMC7787995 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinops kebericho Mesfin is used for the management of various diseases and fumigation during child birth. This study investigated acute and repeated-dose toxicity of E. kebericho M. essential oils (EOs). The study was conducted in Swiss albino mice. Organ weight, histopathology and clinical chemistry were analyzed. The dose and duration of treatment were defined in accordance with Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guideline. No mortality was observed in acute oral dose toxicity study up to 2000 mg/kg per body weight. Compared to control group, treated groups did not show significant abnormalities in body weight and most parameters of clinical chemistry parameters and relative organ weight in repeated-dose toxicity study. However, urea, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, and relative organ weight of right kidney showed variations in treated groups compared to control group. All treated groups and control group showed normal histology except lymphocytic infiltrates observed on the kidney with 200 mg/kg treated female group. The current study revealed that EO of E. kebericho M. could be considered well tolerated in acute and repeated-dose exposure. Further, teratogenic, mutagenic, carcinogenic, and sub-chronic and chronic toxicity studies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serawit Deyno
- Department of Pharmacology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
- Pharmbiotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Mesfin Asefa Tola
- Department of Pathology, St. Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Joel Bazira
- Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Paul E. Alele
- Department of Pharmacology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
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Medicinal Plants Used to Manage Human and Livestock Ailments in Raya Kobo District of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:1329170. [PMID: 33178305 PMCID: PMC7647763 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1329170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Plant-based traditional medicine is practiced in Raya Kobo district, Amhara Regional State, Northeastern Ethiopia, to manage different human and livestock ailments. However, the formal ethnobotanical survey that documented such knowledge is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to document the traditional knowledge on the use of medicinal plants to manage human and livestock ailments in the district. The study was conducted from January to July 2017 in five purposefully selected kebeles of the district. Ethnobotanical data were collected mainly using semistructured interviews conducted with 150 informants. In the five kebeles, 30 informants (15 males and 15 females) were selected using the stratified random sampling method from a list of traditional practitioners and knowledgeable individuals. Data were analyzed by employing descriptive and inferential statistical methods. The study documented a total of 91 medicinal plant species (distributed in 51 families) used in managing 38 human and 12 livestock ailments. Out of the total recorded plants species, 74 and 17 were used in managing human and livestock ailments, respectively. Leaves were the most frequently used plant parts in the preparation of remedies, accounting for 53.1% of the total preparations. The three most common methods of remedy preparation were grinding/pounding (23.5%), crushing (19.8%), and boiling (14.5%). Preference ranking conducted by selected informants on eight medicinal plants used in treating human febrile illness locally called “mich” revealed that Ocimum urticifolium is the most preferred medicinal plant—an indication of its high potency against the disease, and therefore needs to be prioritized for future scientific investigation. The result of this study demonstrated the rich traditional knowledge and practices in the district on the use of medicinal plants in treating various human and livestock ailments. Deforestation and drought were reported to be the major factors in the district threatening the medicinal plants and the associated knowledge. Thus, concerted efforts have to be made to conserve this important heritage using every possible means.
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Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of Echinops kebericho Mesfin: An In Vitro Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:3101324. [PMID: 33273951 PMCID: PMC7676924 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3101324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background Echinops kebericho is an endemic medicinal plant in Ethiopia widely used in the treatment of infectious and noninfectious diseases. Essential oils are known for their antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, insecticidal, and antioxidant properties. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of essential oil from E. kebericho against four common pathogenic fungi and two standard strains. Methods The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. The antifungal screening was done by agar well diffusion method. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined by broth microdilution. Minimal fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) were determined by subculturing fungal strains with no visible growth onto a Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) plate. Results Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans were highly sensitive while Aspergillus flavus did not show sensitivity up to 1 mg/ml of essential oil; MICs ranged from 0.083 mg/ml to 0.208 mg/ml. Concentration and fungal species showed significant dose-dependent associations (p < 0.0001) with antifungal activity. The MICs of essential oil were comparable to those of the standard drug (fluconazole) against C. glabrata and C. krusei. The lowest MFC of the essential oil was observed against Candida parapsilosis (0.145 mg/ml) while the highest MFC was against Candida krusei (0.667 mg/ml). Conclusion Echinops kebericho essential oil showed noteworthy antifungal activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata and could be a potential candidate for further antifungal drug development.
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Novotna B, Polesny Z, Pinto-Basto MF, Van Damme P, Pudil P, Mazancova J, Duarte MC. Medicinal plants used by 'root doctors', local traditional healers in Bié province, Angola. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:112662. [PMID: 32147477 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This study is one of the first post-civil war efforts to document traditional botanical knowledge in Bié province, central Angola, in a first step to bring more studies on the use of medicinal plant resources in this area so as to bring new insights into Angolan bio-cultural diversity. AIM OF THE STUDY Examine the variety of plant species used for medical purposes, as well as characterize their social and cultural values. Also, it is aimed to compare their uses in the studied region with those in Sub-Saharan Africa and report new ethnomedicinal uses. MATERIALS AND METHODS We documented traditional medicinal plant knowledge among professional herbalists in two areas in Bié province through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews and transect walks. Ethnobotanical information was quantified based on Use Reports to (1) rate traditional knowledge; and (2) determine most useful taxa. RESULTS In total, 10 traditional healers shared information on their knowledge. A total of 87 plant species distributed among 57 genera and 36 botanical families were documented with Fabaceae being the best-represented family with 18 species, followed by Phyllanthaceae (6), Apocynaceae (5), Asteraceae (5), Rubiaceae (5), Lamiaceae (4), and Ochnaceae (3). Most medicinal plants are usually gathered at a distance from human settlements because of the belief in the higher efficacy of 'wild' plants shared by all herbalists. Roots are the most common plant part used (79%), explaining why the consulted herbalists call themselves 'root doctors'. CONCLUSIONS The culturally most important medicinal species identified in this study, i.e. Securidaca longepedunculata, Garcinia huillensis, Annona stenophylla, Afzelia quanzensis and Strychnos cocculoides, were previously reported for the same use in neighbouring countries and elsewhere in Africa. Our study also indicates that there are several locally valuable species that have not yet been studied for their medical potential, to name a few: Alvesia rosmarinifolia, Diplorhynchus condylocarpon, Eriosema affine, Paropsia brazzaeana, Rhus squalida, Sclerocroton cornutus or Xylopia tomentosa. Moreover, the ethnomedicinal use of 26 species was reported for the first time to sub-Saharan Africa. CLASSIFICATION Ethnopharmacological field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbora Novotna
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic; Department of General Anthropology, Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, U Kříže 8, 158 00, Praha 5, Jinonice, Czech Republic.
| | - Zbynek Polesny
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Patrick Van Damme
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic; Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Agronomy and Ethnobotany, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Petr Pudil
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Mazancova
- Department of Sustainable Technologies, Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha - Suchdol, Czech Republic.
| | - Maria Cristina Duarte
- CE3C - Center for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Yimer T, Birru EM, Adugna M, Geta M, Emiru YK. Evaluation of Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of 80% Methanol Root Extract of Echinops kebericho M. (Asteraceae). J Inflamm Res 2020; 13:647-658. [PMID: 33061529 PMCID: PMC7533268 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s267154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pain and inflammation are the major devastating health problems commonly treated with traditional medicinal plants in Ethiopia. Echinops kebericho M. (Asteraceae) is the one which is frequently used to treat pain and inflammation by traditional healers in Ethiopian folk medicine. However, the plant has not been scientifically evaluated for its traditionally claimed use. The present study aimed at the investigation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of 80% methanol root extract of Echinops kebericho M. in mice model. Methods Successive maceration was used as a method of extraction using solvents of increasing polarity: methanol and water. After extraction of the roots with 80% hydro methanol, the crude extract was evaluated for its peripheral and central analgesic activities using acetic acid-induced writhing test and hot plate method, respectively, while its anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan- and formalin-induced paw edema. The extract was evaluated at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. The positive control groups were treated with ASA 150 mg/kg for writhing test, morphine 10 mg/kg for hot plat method, indomethacin 25 mg/kg and diclofenac 10 mg/kg for paw edema tests and vehicle, distilled water (10 mL/kg) treated mice were assigned as negative controls. All treatment administrations were performed orally. Results E. kebericho extract at all test doses showed statistically significant antinociceptive activity in both chemicals-induced peripheral and thermal-induced central pain in a dose dependent manner (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001). The greater analgesic activity was observed by the maximum dose of the extract (400 mg/kg) in both acetic acids-induced writhing test (57.84%) and hot plate method (69.40%). The effect of the extract was also statistically significant (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) in both carrageenan and formalin-induced paw edema in dose dependent manner. Greater edema inhibition was observed by the highest dose (400 mg/kg) in both observations with the respective percentage values of 70.00% and 79.87%, respectively. Conclusion In general, the data obtained from the present study elucidated that the extract possessed a significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities and recommended for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesfaye Yimer
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Science, Debre-Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
| | - Eshetie Melese Birru
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Meaza Adugna
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Mestayet Geta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Yohannes Kelifa Emiru
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Limsuwan S, Jarukitsakul S, Issuriya A, Chusri S, Joycharat N, Jaisamut P, Saising J, Jetwanna KWN, Voravuthikunchai SP. Thai herbal formulation 'Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi': Its antibacterial activities, effects on bacterial virulence factors and in vivo acute toxicity. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 259:112975. [PMID: 32417424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE A Thai herbal formulation 'Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi' containing Nigella sativa (seed), Piper retrofractum (fruit), Punica granatum (pericarp), and Quercus infectoria (nutgall) has long been traditionally used to treat diarrhea or bloody mucous diarrhea. Scientific information is very important to support its therapeutic effects and traditional drug development. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi against diarrhea-causing bacteria and determine its effects on bacterial virulence factors and in vivo acute toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ethanol and water extracts of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi and its plant components were prepared. The agar diffusion method was used for preliminary screening of antibacterial activity of the extracts against diarrhea-causing bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholerae, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were assessed using broth microdilution method. The effects on bactericidal activity, bacterial cell wall, and cell membrane were examined by time-kill, lysis, and leakage assays, respectively. The effects on bacterial virulence factors including quorum-sensing system, biofilm production, and swarming motility were determined. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify the group of chemical compounds present in the formulation extracts. Acute toxicity study was conducted by a single oral dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight in Wistar albino rats. RESULTS Ethanol and water extracts of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi and Quercus infectoria demonstrated antibacterial efficacy against all bacterial strains as revealed by zones of inhibition ranging from 7.0 to 24.5 mm. The ethanol and water extracts of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi and Quercus infectoria produced strong bacteriostatic activity against V. parahaemolyticus (n = 11) with an MIC range of 7.81-250 μg/ml. Only the ethanol extract of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi produced MBC values less than or equal to 1000 μg/ml against all V. parahaemolyticus. Based on time-kill study, no surviving V. parahaemolyticus (ATCC 17802 and 5268) cells were detected within 6-12 h after treatment with the ethanol extract of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi at MBC-4MBC concentrations. Vibrioparahaemolyticus ATCC 17802 cells treated with the ethanol extract of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi demonstrated no lysis or leakage through the bacterial membrane was not observed. At low concentrations (0.125-0.25 μg/ml) the ethanol extract of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi inhibited violacein production by Chromobacterium violaceum DMST 21761 without affecting the bacterial growth. The ethanol (31.25-62.5 μg/ml) and water (31.25-250 μg/ml) extracts of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi inhibited biofilm production by S. aureus. The ethanol and water extracts of Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi at 1000 μg/ml reduced the swarming motility of Escherichia coli O157: H7 by 74.98% and 52.65%, respectively. Tannins and terpenoids were detected in both the ethanol and water extracts. Flavonoids were present only in the ethanol extract. Alkaloids and antraquinones were not noticed in either extract. In the acute toxicity study, there were no significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters nor were adverse effects on mortality, general behaviors, body weight, or organ weights detected. CONCLUSIONS The scientific evidence from this study supported the therapeutic effects and safety of the traditional Thai herbal formulation 'Ya-Pit-Samut-Noi' which has been used as an alternative treatment for gastrointestinal infections in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surasak Limsuwan
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand.
| | - Siriporn Jarukitsakul
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Acharaporn Issuriya
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Sasitorn Chusri
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Nantiya Joycharat
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Patcharawalai Jaisamut
- Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Jongkon Saising
- School of Health Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Muang, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
| | - Korakot Wichitsa-Nguan Jetwanna
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
| | - Supayang Piyawan Voravuthikunchai
- Excellence Research Laboratory on Natural Products, Faculty of Science and Natural Product Research Center of Excellence, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand
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Exploring Plant-Based Ethnomedicine and Quantitative Ethnopharmacology: Medicinal Plants Utilized by the Population of Jasrota Hill in Western Himalaya. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Plants and natural products have played a significant role in curing and preventing a variety of ailments occurring in humans and animals, and continue to provide new bioactive leads for researchers in therapeutic discovery. This study was conducted with the aim to identify and document local healers’ practices of treating human diseases and quantitatively document indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants, as well as to highlight the species of public interest for bioprospecting potential. A total of 17 field tours were carried out in 12 regions of Jasrota hill and its adjoining areas of Himalaya. Informants (113) were interviewed using semi-structured interviews and discussions and local guided collections. The results were analyzed using ethnobotanical indices—use-reports (URs) and the informant consensus factor (ICF)—and the data were statistically analyzed. The ethnopharmacological uses of 121 plant species belonging to 105 genera and 53 families were reported for use as medicine for treating 93 types of ailments. A total of 4987 URs were mentioned by 113 informants. Fabaceae (90.09%) and Asteraceae (6.62%) were the most represented families. Herbs (46.28%) were the primary sources of medicine, decoction (33.88%) was the most common use method for utilization, and leaves (43.80%) were the most frequently used plant parts. The ICF values ranged from 0.667 to 0.974, with the highest number of species (1314UR, 55 species) being used for the treatment of gastrointestinal ailments (GIA), followed by dermatological disorders (38 species). This result showed that the exchange of knowledge could be evident among the different communities, and their medicinal uses and practices could be correlated.
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Blanco GD, Sühs RB, Brizola E, Corrêa PF, Campos ML, Hanazaki N. Invisible contaminants and food security in former coal mining areas of Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2020; 16:44. [PMID: 32795318 PMCID: PMC7427890 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-00398-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mining activities have environmental impacts due to sediment movement and contamination of areas and may also pose risks to people's food security. In Brazil, the majority of coal mining activities are in the south, in the Santa Catarina carboniferous region. In this region, previously mined areas contaminated with heavy metals frequently occur nearby inhabited zones. Mining is part of the daily lives of local communities, and its environmental impacts are visible in the landscape; however, plants with medicinal and food use from these areas can be still consumed. Heavy metals are contaminants that do not have odor, color, or taste, and are therefore difficult to detect. We aimed to verify whether people use plants from contaminated mine areas, and understand which factors can influence the use of these resources, even from areas visibly impacted. METHODS We conducted 195 semi-structured interviews with residents from 14 areas nearby abandoned mines in the main municipalities of the Santa Catarina carboniferous region. We asked each interviewee about the length of time they lived in the region, their perception of the quality of the environment, and what plant species were used and for what purpose. We constructed generalized multivariate linear models to verify which variables can affect the group of species mentioned and generalized linear models to verify which variables can affect the total number of citations. We estimated the frequency of citing species collected using the Smith index. RESULTS From all interviewees, 127 (65%) reported collecting plants for medicinal and food use, directly from contaminated mine areas. Long-term residents, as well as those who noticed more environmental changes (positive and negative), cited more plants used and had more detailed knowledge of plant use in their communities. When asked if they were aware of the possible contamination of mined areas, 85% said they knew about it. However, only 10% associated negative health effects with the use of plant species collected in contaminated mined areas. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that people living nearby contaminated areas use and consume locally sourced plants, e.g., people know little about the danger of this contamination in their food and the risk of these contaminants to their health. These results also reveal a lack of information about contamination, as well as a lack of actions that include local communities in contaminated area restoration strategies. This situation poses a risk to the food security of the people living nearby former coal mining areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziela Dias Blanco
- Laboratório de Ecologia Humana e Etnobotânica, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Barbizan Sühs
- Laboratório de Ecologia Humana e Etnobotânica, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Escarlet Brizola
- Laboratório de Ecologia Humana e Etnobotânica, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Figueiredo Corrêa
- Herbário Padre Dr. Raulino Reitz (CRI), Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, Criciúma, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Mari Lucia Campos
- Laboratório de Análises Químicas do Solo e Calcário, Departamento de Solos e Recursos Naturais, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Natalia Hanazaki
- Laboratório de Ecologia Humana e Etnobotânica, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Muluye AB, Ayicheh MW. Medicinal plants utilized for hepatic disorders in Ethiopian traditional medical practices: a review. CLINICAL PHYTOSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40816-020-00195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Ethiopia is among the top floral biodiversity rich countries in the world. More than 7000 species of plants, 15% of they are endemic, are reported in the country. Accessibility, cultural enrichment, and cheapness make 80% of the Ethiopian people used indigenous plants for various health ailments and diseases in their traditional medical practices. Therefore, the current review examined the use patterns of medicinal plants utilized for hepatic disorders in Ethiopian traditional medical practices for further scientific investigations.
Methods
Ethnobotanical and related studies on medicinal plants utilized for hepatic disorders in Ethiopia were reviewed. Ethiopian university websites, Google, Google Scholar, PubMed, Medline, and other online internet search engines were used to access literature articles. The number of plant species and families, used parts, used conditions, modes of preparation, and routes of administration were tabulated and summarized using Excel spreadsheet and descriptive statistics, respectively.
Results
The current review showed that 276 plant species belonging to 89 families were used for hepatic disorders in Ethiopian traditional medical practices. The commonly utilized plant families were Asteraceae (10.14%), Fabaceae (9.08%), Euphorbiaceae (7.61%), Laminaceae (4.35%), Solanaceae (3.99%), and Aloaceae (2.90%). Justicia schimperiana (34.34%), Croton macrostachyus, and Phytolacca dodecandra (each 20.20%), Cordia africana, Cucumis ficifolius, and Rumex abyssinica (each 10.10%) were among the most utilized plant species. They were mainly distributed in Oromo (58%), southern (36%), and Amhara (35.5%) regions. Herbs (47.10%), shrubs (26.09%) and trees (20.65%) were their primary growth forms, while leaves (34.30%) and roots (33.06%) were their commonly utilized parts. Pounding (24.59%), decoction (19.67%), powdering (9.84%), and concoction (9.13%) were their major modes of preparations. Water was the most utilized solvent (48.26%) for the remedy preparations, which were mainly administered orally (76.35%).
Conclusions
This review showed that many claimed medicinal plants were utilized for the treatment of hepatic disorders in Ethiopian traditional medical practices. Hence, further experimental investigation is recommended to standardize their quality and phytochemistry and validate their safety and efficacy. Documentation and conservation of indigenous herbal knowledge have also been strengthened.
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Gebremeskel L, Beshir Tuem K, Teklu T. Evaluation of Antidiabetic Effect of Ethanolic Leaves Extract of Becium grandiflorum Lam. (Lamiaceae) in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2020; 13:1481-1489. [PMID: 32440177 PMCID: PMC7210021 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s246996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Becium grandiflorum has been used traditionally for treatment of different ailments including diabetes mellitus although it lacks scientific evidence. Thus, the present study was aimed at evaluating the antidiabetic effect of Becium grandiflorum in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. METHODS The antidiabetic activity of hydro-ethanolic (30:70) leaf extract of Becium grandiflorum was evaluated in STZ (45 mg/kg)-induced diabetic and normal mice. Antihyperglycemic, hypoglycemic, oral glucose tolerance and body weight change effects of the extract were assessed after administering three doses of the extract (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg), glibenclamide 5 mg/kg (reference drug) and 2% Tween 80 (vehicle). One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used for data analysis. RESULTS All doses of the extract (200 mg/kg (p<0.05), 400 mg/kg (p<0.05) and 600 mg/kg (p<0.01)) and glibenclamide 5 mg/kg (p<0.001) showed statistically significant blood glucose level reduction in normal mice as compared to Tween 80. The hydroalcoholic extract at a dose of 200 mg/kg (p<0.05), 400 mg/kg (p<0.01) and 600 mg/kg (p<0.001) showed better blood glucose tolerance after 60, 120 and 180-minute treatment duration in normal mice as compared to negative control. In diabetic mice, Becium grandiflorum doses and the reference drug caused maximum reduction in blood glucose level at the end of the 15th day of treatment by 17.61%, 22.52%, 24.62% and 34.12%, respectively. The extract's doses and the standard drug showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in body weight while the diabetic control continued to lose their body weight. CONCLUSION Thus, Becium grandiflorum exhibits antihyperglycemic activity in STZ-induced diabetic mice, and shows improvement in oral glucose tolerance and body weight, which justifies the claimed use of the plant in ameliorating diabetes mellitus in Ethiopian folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leake Gebremeskel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
| | - Kald Beshir Tuem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Tewolde Teklu
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
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Tesfaye S, Belete A, Engidawork E, Gedif T, Asres K. Ethnobotanical Study of Medicinal Plants Used by Traditional Healers to Treat Cancer-Like Symptoms in Eleven Districts, Ethiopia. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:7683450. [PMID: 32382303 PMCID: PMC7191438 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7683450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There is no ethnobotanical study conducted specifically on medicinal plants traditionally used to treat cancer in Ethiopia. Yet, traditional herbalists in different parts of the country claim that they have been treating cancer-like symptoms using herbal remedies. The objective of this study was to document medicinal plants traditionally used to treat cancer-like symptoms in eleven districts, Ethiopia. Traditional herbalists were interviewed using semistructured questionnaires, and field visits were also carried out to collect claimed plants for identification purpose. Seventy-four traditional herbalists, who claimed that they knew about and/or had used medicinal plants to treat cancer-like symptoms, were selected using the snowball method and interviewed. Herbalists used their intuition and relied on the chronicity, growth of external mass, and spreading of the disease to other parts of the body, as a means to characterize cancer symptoms. Furthermore, in some of the study districts, herbalists reported that they treat patients who had already been diagnosed in modern healthcare institutions prior to seeking help from them. The inventory of medicinal plants is summarized in a synoptic table, which contains the scientific and vernacular names of the plants, their geographical location, the parts of the plants, and the methods used to prepare the remedies. A total of 53 traditionally used anticancer plants, belonging to 30 families, were identified during the survey. The most frequently reported anticancer plants were Acmella caulirhiza Del (Asteraceae), Clematis simensis Fresen. (Ranunculaceae), Croton macrostachyus Del. (Euphorbiaceae), and Dorstenia barnimiana Schweinf. (Moraceae). Organizing traditional healers, documenting their indigenous knowledge, and scientifically validating it for the development of better cancer therapeutic agents constitute an urgent and important task for policymakers and scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Tesfaye
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Belete
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ephrem Engidawork
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Teferi Gedif
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Kaleab Asres
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Kassa Z, Asfaw Z, Demissew S. An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Sheka Zone of Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Regional State, Ethiopia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2020; 16:7. [PMID: 32024539 PMCID: PMC7003439 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-020-0358-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People's classification, management, and use of plants represent attempt to attracting people from different academic disciplines. Many countries use traditional medicine for their primary healthcare system. Medicinal plants have been important components of healthcare systems since the time immemorial. The objective of this research was to document and analyze traditional medicinal plants used by the Sheka people and associated ethnobotanical knowledge. METHODS Data was collected by administering pre-prepared semi-structured interview items to 414 informants. Market surveys, group discussion, and guided field walk were used. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics; determination of informant consensus factor, fidelity level, as well as ranking and scoring. RESULTS A total of 266 plant species belonging to 192 genera and 74 families were identified. About 204 (77%) of the medicinal plants were used to treat human health problems. Only ten (4%) were used to treat livestock health problems and 52 (19%) of them were used to treat both human and livestock health problems. Croton macrostachyus, Prunus africana, Peperomia retusa, Lobelia giberroa, and Celosia schweinfurthiana were found to be high ranking medicinal plants against gastrointestinal problems based on simple preference ranking. CONCLUSION Very high number of medicinal plant species recorded from the study area indicates that vegetation of Sheka is reservoir of medicinal plants. Hence, the area needs attention for medicinal plant conservation priorities. Plant parts used as medicines also play vital role in the entire medicinal plant life cycle. Therefore, it is useful to consider harvesting impacts. Except well-experienced traditional healers, people of the study area use the medicinal plants haphazardly. There may be high risk of being victims of dosage and improper usage. High ranking medicinal plants are candidates for further phytochemical profiling, drug research, and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zewdie Kassa
- Department of Biology, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan Tefer, Ethiopia
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zemede Asfaw
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Sebsebe Demissew
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Wagh VV, Jain AK. Ethnopharmacological survey of plants used by the Bhil and Bhilala ethnic community in dermatological disorders in Western Madhya Pradesh, India. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Deyno S, Abebe A, Tola MA, Hymete A, Bazira J, Makonnen E, Alele PE. Acute and sub-acute toxicity of Echinops kebericho decoction in rats. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:2. [PMID: 32020865 PMCID: PMC7076833 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinops kebericho is widely used for treatment of a variety of diseases including infectious, non-infectious disease and fumigation during child birth. Antibacterial, antimalarial, anti-leshimania, anti-diarrheal and insect repellent activities have been elucidated. Its toxicity profile is not yet investigated and thus this study was to investigate acute and sub-acute toxicity of E. kebericho decoctions. METHODS Acute toxicity study was performed in female Wistar albino rats with single oral dose and followed up to 14 days. The sub-acute oral dose toxicity studies were conducted in rats of both sexes in accordance with the repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study in rodent OECD guidelines. Physical observations were made regularly during the study period while body weight was measured weekly. Organ weight, histopathology, clinical chemistry and hematology data were collected on the 29th day. Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed if assumptions were met; otherwise Kruskal-Wallis analysis was performed. RESULT Oral administration of E. kebericho decoction showed no treatment-related mortality in female rats up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity studies, no significant treatment-related abnormalities were observed compared to negative controls. Food consumption, body weight, organ weight, hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathology did not show significant variation between controls and treatment groups. However, creatinine, relative lung weight, triglycerides, and monocytes were lower in treated compared to control groups. Significant variations between male and female groups in food consumption, relative organ weight, hematology, clinical chemistry were observed. Histolo-pathology of high-dose treated groups showed fatty liver. CONCLUSION Echinops kebericho showed LD50 of greater than 5000 mg/kg in acute toxicity study and is well tolerated up to the dose of 600 mg/kg body weight in sub-acute toxicity study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serawit Deyno
- Department of Pharmacology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.BOX 1410, Mbarara, Uganda. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, P.O.BOX 1560, Hawassa, Ethiopia. .,Pharmbiotechnology and Traditional Medicine Center of Excellence (PHARMBIOTRAC), Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
| | - Abiy Abebe
- Traditional and Modern Drug Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Mesfin Asefa Tola
- Department of Pathology, Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Ariya Hymete
- Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Joel Bazira
- Department of Microbiology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Center for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.,Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Paul E Alele
- Department of Pharmacology, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.BOX 1410, Mbarara, Uganda
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Yirgu A, Chippaux JP. Ethnomedicinal plants used for snakebite treatments in Ethiopia: a comprehensive overview. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2019; 25:e20190017. [PMID: 31428140 PMCID: PMC6682375 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional medicine plays an important role in the daily lives of people living in rural parts of Ethiopia. Despite the fact that Ethiopia has a long history of using traditional medicinal plants as an alternative medicine source, there is no checklist compiling these plants used for snakebite treatment. This review collected and compiled available knowledge on and practical usage of such plants in the country. A literature review on medicinal plants used to treat snakebites was conducted from 67 journal articles, PhD dissertation and MSc theses available online. Data that summarize scientific and folk names, administration methods, plant portion used for treatment and method of preparation of recipes were organized and analyzed based on citation frequency. The summarized results revealed the presence of 184 plant species distributed among 67 families that were cited for treating snakebite in Ethiopia. In this literature search, no single study was entirely dedicated to the study of traditional medicinal plants used for the treatment of snakebite in Ethiopia. Most of the species listed as a snakebite remedy were shrubs and climbers (44%) followed by herbs (33%) and trees (23%). Fabaceae was the most predominant family with the greatest number of species, followed by Solanaceae and Vitaceae. Remedies are mainly prepared from roots and leaves, through decoctions, infusions, powders and juices. Most remedies were administered orally (69%). The six most frequently mentioned therapeutically important plants were Nicotiana tabacum, Solanum incanum, Carissa spinanrum, Calpurnia aurea, Croton macrostachyus and Cynodon dactylon. Authors reviewed the vegetal substances involved in snakebite management and their action mode. In addition to screening the biologically active ingredients and pharmacological activities of these plant materials, future studies are needed to emphasize the conservation and cultivation of important medicinal plants of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Yirgu
- Central Ethiopia Environment and Forest Research Center, Addis
Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Jean-Philippe Chippaux
- MERIT, IRD, Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris,
France
- Centre de Recherche Translationnelle, Institut Pasteur, Paris,
France
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An Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in Papantla, Veracruz, Mexico. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8080246. [PMID: 31344952 PMCID: PMC6724097 DOI: 10.3390/plants8080246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
An ethnobotanical study was performed to collect information on the use of medicinal plants in Papantla, Veracruz, Mexico. The area has a high number of endemic species, and the social importance of the medicinal plants in the community is essential for public health and the conservation of traditional knowledge. This study identified the medicinal plants currently used, registered traditional knowledge, and documented the patterns of ailments treated in the indigenous communities of Totonacas. A total of 101 medicinal plants belonging to 51 families were described by 85 local informants. Asteraceae was the family with the highest number of plant species identified by these informants. Plant parts are used to treat several ailments, including venomous bites, gastro-intestinal disorders, infectious diseases and other disorders. Informants reported that the most common plant part used was the leaf tissue (55%), and they also took the herbal remedies orally (72%), and decoctions (38%) as well as infusions (29%) were the forms used to prepare these natural remedies. This study provides documentation of medicinal plants used in the Veracruz area of Mexico. Mexican people are still dependent upon medicinal plants, and in order to avoid their loss, certain measures of conservation for medicinal plants are needed.
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Saddiq AA, Mohamed AM. Susceptibility Assessment of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strains to Lepidium sativum Extract. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819850425. [PMID: 31191184 PMCID: PMC6537675 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819850425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant-derived compounds have been used to treat microbial infections. Staphylococcus aureus a common cause of many organ infections, has generated increasing concern due to its resistance to antibacterial drugs. This work was carried out to explore the susceptibility of 6 strains (LN872136, LN872137, LN871238, LN871239, LN872140, and LN871241) of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus to aqueous extract of Lepidium sativum seeds in vitro. Various concentrations (5-20 mg/mL) were used to evaluate the effect of the extract on bacteria growth via the assessment of the microbial biomass and the inhibition zone (IZ). The results showed that the plant extract at 15 or 20 mg/mL, significantly decreased the the biomass of S aureus strains after 24 or 48 hours exposure period. Staphylococcus aureus (LN871241) showed the largest IZ at 20 mg/mL and documented by scanning electron microscope. The current work may suggest that L sativum seed extract can be candidate as a promising antimicrobial agent to treat infection with methicillin-resistant S aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amna A. Saddiq
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science—Al Faisaliah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azza M. Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science—Al Faisaliah, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Egypt
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Plants Used as Anticancer Agents in the Ethiopian Traditional Medical Practices: A Systematic Review. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6274021. [PMID: 30402131 PMCID: PMC6192134 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6274021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background This systematic review aimed at examining the use patterns of Ethiopian anticancer traditional medicinal plants (MPs) in view of recommending further validation studies. Methods The information was retrieved from PubMed according to the PRISMA guideline. The electronic library of Addis Ababa University and relevant church-based religious books were also inspected for additional data. Results From 34 studies meeting specific inclusion/exclusion criteria, 119 anticancer MP species distributed in 98 genera and 57 families were recorded. Fabaceae (10.92 %) and Euphorbiaceae (10.08 %) were the most widely used families. Plumbago zeylanica (Plumbaginaceae) was the most frequently used anticancer MP species. Shrubs (42.02 %) and herbs (35.29 %) were dominant growth forms. About 89.08 % of the MPs were collected from wild habitats. Leaves (33.73 %) and roots (27.11 %) were the most frequently harvested parts. The most favored routes were dermal (33.33 %) and oral (29.25 %). About 87.07 % preparations were made from fresh plant materials. Breast cancer and skin cancer were treated with 14 % and 10.76 % of anticancer MPs, respectively. Conclusion The review showed that anticancer MPs are widely used across the regions of Ethiopia. Most of the MPs are not scientifically experimented and yet are at a higher vulnerability to loss mainly by human activities. Calling for conservation measures, we recommend experimental validation of the frequently used anticancer MPs. This augments global anticancer drug researches.
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Evaluation of the Wound Healing Activity of the Crude Extract of Leaves of Acanthus polystachyus Delile (Acanthaceae). EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2047896. [PMID: 29991951 PMCID: PMC6016231 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2047896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Medicinal plants play indispensable roles to treat various ailments. Acanthus polystachyus is one of the medicinal plants used traditionally for treatment of wounds. However, there were no scientific reports documented so far on the wound healing activities of this plant. Thus, the present study provides a scientific evaluation for the wound healing potential of the crude extract of A. polystachyus leaves. Methods The crude extraction was carried out using 80% methanol. The crude extract was prepared in 5% (w/w) and 10% (w/w) ointment and evaluated for wound healing activity using excision, infected, and incision wound models in Swiss albino mice. Results Both 5% and 10% (w/w) ointments significantly reduced period of epithelialization and increased wound contraction rate and tensile strength compared to the negative control group (P < 0.05). The wound healing activity of 10% (w/w) ointment treated group was greater than 5% (w/w) and nitrofurazone ointment treated groups in S. aureus infected wound model. Conclusion These results demonstrate that the crude extract of A. polystachyus leaves possesses wound healing activities. This justifies the traditional claimed use of the plant for treating uninfected and infected wounds caused by S. aureus.
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