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Durham PL, Antonopoulos SR. Benefit of Dietary Supplementation of Nutraceuticals as an Integrative Approach for Management of Migraine: Evidence From Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024; 28:373-381. [PMID: 38430311 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01230-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide information from preclinical and clinical studies on the biological activity and health benefits of dietary inclusion of nutraceuticals as a safe, effective, non-pharmacological approach for the treatment of migraine. RECENT FINDINGS There is emerging evidence of the therapeutic benefit of nutraceuticals to inhibit oxidative stress, suppress inflammation, and prevent changes in the normal gut microbiome, which are implicated in migraine pathology. Nutraceuticals can be enriched in polyphenols, which act as molecular scavengers to reduce the harmful effects of reactive oxygen species and phytosterols that suppress inflammation. Nutraceuticals also function to inhibit dysbiosis and to maintain the commensal intestinal bacteria that produce anti-inflammatory molecules including short-chain fatty acids that can act systemically to maintain a healthy nervous system. Dietary inclusion of nutraceuticals that exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-nociceptive properties and maintain the gut microbiota provides a complementary and integrative therapeutic strategy for migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul L Durham
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center, 524 North Boonville Ave, Springfield, MO, 65806, USA.
| | - Sophia R Antonopoulos
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center, 524 North Boonville Ave, Springfield, MO, 65806, USA
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Antonopoulos SR, Scharnhorst M, Nalley N, Durham PL. Method for cryopreservation of trigeminal ganglion for establishing primary cultures of neurons and glia. J Neurosci Methods 2024; 402:110034. [PMID: 38072069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.110034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary neuronal cultures are used to elucidate cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in disease pathology and modulation by pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals, and to identify novel therapeutic targets. However, preparation of primary neuronal cultures from rodent embryos is labor-intensive, and it can be difficult to produce high-quality consistent cultures. To overcome these issues, cryopreservation can be used to obtain standardized, high-quality stocks of neuronal cultures. NEW METHOD In this study, we present a simplified cryopreservation method for rodent primary trigeminal ganglion neurons and glia from Sprague-Dawley neonates, using a 90:10 (v/v) fetal bovine serum/dimethyl sulfoxide cell freezing medium. RESULTS Cryopreserved trigeminal ganglion cells stored for up to one year in liquid nitrogen exhibited similar neuronal and glial cell morphology to fresh cultures and retained high cell viability. Proteins implicated in inflammation and pain signaling were expressed in agreement with the reported subcellular localization. Additionally, both neurons and glial cells exhibited an increase in intracellular calcium levels in response to a depolarizing stimulus. Cryopreserved cells were also transiently transfected with reporter genes. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS Our method is simple, does not require special reagents or equipment, will save time and money, increase flexibility in study design, and produce consistent cultures. CONCLUSIONS This method for the preparation and cryopreservation of trigeminal ganglia results in primary cultures of neurons and glia similar in viability and morphology to fresh preparations that could be utilized for biochemical, cellular, and molecular studies, increase reproducibility, and save laboratory resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia R Antonopoulos
- Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center/Department of Biology, Springfield, MO 65806, USA
| | - Mikayla Scharnhorst
- Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center/Department of Biology, Springfield, MO 65806, USA
| | - Nicole Nalley
- Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center/Department of Biology, Springfield, MO 65806, USA
| | - Paul L Durham
- Missouri State University, Jordan Valley Innovation Center/Department of Biology, Springfield, MO 65806, USA.
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Spekker E, Nagy-Grócz G. All Roads Lead to the Gut: The Importance of the Microbiota and Diet in Migraine. Neurol Int 2023; 15:1174-1190. [PMID: 37755364 PMCID: PMC10536453 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint15030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine, a prevalent neurological condition and the third most common disease globally, places a significant economic burden on society. Despite extensive research efforts, the precise underlying mechanism of the disease remains incompletely comprehended. Nevertheless, it is established that the activation and sensitization of the trigeminal system are crucial during migraine attacks, and specific substances have been recognized for their distinct involvement in the pathomechanism of migraine. Recently, an expanding body of data indicates that migraine attacks can be prevented and treated through dietary means. It is important to highlight that the various diets available pose risks for patients without professional guidance. This comprehensive overview explores the connection between migraine, the gut microbiome, and gastrointestinal disorders. It provides insight into migraine-triggering foods, and discusses potential diets to help reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Additionally, it delves into the benefits of using pre- and probiotics as adjunctive therapy in migraine treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gábor Nagy-Grócz
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, H-6725 Szeged, Hungary;
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Social Studies, University of Szeged, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
- Preventive Health Sciences Research Group, Incubation Competence Centre of the Centre of Excellence for Interdisciplinary Research, Development and Innovation of the University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Nutrition and Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide (CGRP) in Migraine. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020289. [PMID: 36678160 PMCID: PMC9864721 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and its receptor by antibodies and antagonists was a breakthrough in migraine prevention and treatment. However, not all migraine patients respond to CGRP-based therapy and a fraction of those who respond complain of aliments mainly in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, CGRP and migraine are associated with obesity and metabolic diseases, including diabetes. Therefore, CGRP may play an important role in the functioning of the gut-brain-microflora axis. CGRP secretion may be modulated by dietary compounds associated with the disruption of calcium signaling and upregulation of mitogen-activated kinase phosphatases 1 and 3. CGRP may display anorexigenic properties through induction of anorexigenic neuropeptides, such as cholecystokinin and/or inhibit orexigenic neuropeptides, such as neuropeptide Y and melanin-concentrating hormone CH, resulting in the suppression of food intake, functionally coupled to the activation of the hypothalamic 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The anorexigenic action of CGRP observed in animal studies may reflect its general potential to control appetite/satiety or general food intake. Therefore, dietary nutrients may modulate CGRP, and CGRP may modulate their intake. Therefore, anti-CGRP therapy should consider this mutual dependence to increase the efficacy of the therapy and reduce its unwanted side effects. This narrative review presents information on molecular aspects of the interaction between dietary nutrients and CGRP and their reported and prospective use to improve anti-CGRP therapy in migraine.
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Antonopoulos SR, Durham PL. Grape seed extract suppresses calcitonin gene-related peptide secretion and upregulates expression of GAD 65/67 and GABAB receptor in primary trigeminal ganglion cultures. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:187-197. [PMID: 36093283 PMCID: PMC9449751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The trigeminal ganglion is implicated in the underlying pathology of migraine and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), which are orofacial pain conditions involving peripheral and central sensitization. The neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is synthesized in some trigeminal ganglion neurons, and its release promotes inflammation, peripheral and central sensitization, and pain signaling. Recent studies in preclinical migraine and TMD models provide evidence that dietary supplementation with grape seed extract (GSE) inhibits trigeminal pain signaling. The goal of this study was to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which GSE modulates primary trigeminal ganglion cultures. The effect of GSE on CGRP secretion was determined by radioimmunoassay. To determine if GSE effects involved modulation of CGRP or the GABAergic system, expression of CGRP, GAD 65 and 67, GABAA receptor, and GABAB1 and GABAB2 receptor subunits were investigated by immunocytochemistry. GSE significantly inhibited basal CGRP secretion but did not alter neuronal CGRP expression. GAD 65 and 67 expression levels in neurons were significantly increased in response to GSE. While GSE did not cause a change in the neuronal expression of GABAA, GSE significantly increased GABAB1 expression in neurons, satellite glial cells, and Schwann cells. GABAB2 expression was significantly elevated in satellite glia and Schwann cells. These findings support the notion that GSE inhibition of basal CGRP secretion involves increased neuronal GAD 65 and 67 and GABAB receptor expression. GSE repression of CGRP release coupled with increased GABAB1 and GABAB2 glial cell expression would be neuroprotective by suppressing neuronal and glial excitability in the trigeminal ganglion. Grape seed extract inhibited basal CGRP release from cultured trigeminal neurons Neuronal expression of GAD 65/67 and GABAB1 was stimulated by grape seed extract Grape seed extract also increased GABAB1 in satellite glial cells and Schwann cells Glial expression of G protein-coupled GABAB2 was enhanced by grape seed extract Grape seed extract promotes neuroprotective cellular changes in trigeminal ganglion
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Oliveira JP, Nampo FK, Souza MTS, Cercato LM, Camargo EA. The effect of natural products in animal models of temporomandibular disorders. J Appl Oral Sci 2020; 28:e20200272. [PMID: 32725048 PMCID: PMC7384486 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2020-0272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a challenge for health care professionals. Therefore, new approaches have been investigated, such as the use of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaíne Prata Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Fernando Kenji Nampo
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Federal de Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, PR, Brasil
| | | | - Luana Mendonça Cercato
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
| | - Enilton Aparecido Camargo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, São Cristóvão, SE, Brasil
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De Feo M, Paladini A, Ferri C, Carducci A, Del Pinto R, Varrassi G, Grassi D. Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Nociceptive Effects of Cocoa: A Review on Future Perspectives in Treatment of Pain. Pain Ther 2020; 9:231-240. [PMID: 32314320 PMCID: PMC7203300 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-020-00165-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cocoa has been reported to have medicinal properties. It contains a wide range of phytochemicals, including polyphenols, which have been shown to exert anti-inflammatory and antioxidant actions, and also to have a positive effect on pain. Other components of cocoa might be able to positively influence pain perception through various mechanisms. Despite encouraging results from preclinical studies, there is a lack of evidence of antinociceptive effects of cocoa from clinical trials in humans. Further research is needed to better identify the active principles in cocoa, to understand the underlying mechanisms of action, and to establish efficacy in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina De Feo
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Antonella Paladini
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Augusto Carducci
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Del Pinto
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giustino Varrassi
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Davide Grassi
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Viale S Salvatore, Delta 6 Medicina, 67100, L'Aquila, Italy.
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Nowaczewska M, Wiciński M, Kaźmierczak W, Kaźmierczak H. To Eat or Not to Eat: A Review of the Relationship between Chocolate and Migraines. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12030608. [PMID: 32110888 PMCID: PMC7146545 DOI: 10.3390/nu12030608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a chronic disorder with episodic attacks, and patients with a migraine often report that certain factors can trigger their headache, with chocolate being the most popular type of food-based trigger. Many studies have suggested a link between chocolate and headaches; however, the underlying physiological mechanisms are unclear. As premonitory symptoms may herald migraine attacks, a question arises regarding whether eating chocolate before a headache is a consequence of a food craving or indeed a real trigger. Here, we aim to summarize the available evidence on the relationship between chocolate and migraines. All articles concerning this topic published up to January 2020 were retrieved by searching clinical databases, including EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Google Scholar. All types of studies have been included. Here, we identify 25 studies investigating the prevalence of chocolate as a trigger factor in migraineurs. Three provocative studies have also evaluated if chocolate can trigger migraine attacks, comparing it to a placebo. Among them, in 23 studies, chocolate was found to be a migraine trigger in a small percentage of participants (ranging from 1.3 to 33), while all provocative studies have failed to find significant differences between migraine attacks induced by eating chocolate and a placebo. Overall, based on our review of the current literature, there is insufficient evidence that chocolate is a migraine trigger; thus, doctors should not make implicit recommendations to migraine patients to avoid it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Nowaczewska
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Laryngological Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-585-4716
| | - Michał Wiciński
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kaźmierczak
- Department of Sensory Organs Examination, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Henryk Kaźmierczak
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Laryngological Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie 9, 85-090 Bydgoszcz, Poland
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Bowden LN, Rohrs EL, Omoto K, Durham PL, Holliday LS, Morris AD, Allen KD, Caudle RM, Neubert JK. Effects of cocoa-enriched diet on orofacial pain in a murine model. Orthod Craniofac Res 2018. [PMID: 28643911 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate and discuss the effects of cocoa on orofacial pain. SETTING AND SAMPLE POPULATION The Department of Orthodontics at the University of Florida (UF). Male and female hairless rats (N=20/group) were tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were tested using the Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) before and after changing their food from the standard chow to a cocoa-enriched or control-equivalent diet. RESULTS Male rats fed the cocoa diet had a significantly higher operant pain index when tested at 37°C as compared to control diet-fed animals. Female rats on the cocoa diet had a significantly higher pain index when tested at 18°C and 44°C, as compared to animals fed the control diet. Capsaicin-induced pain was inhibited, with cocoa-diet male rats having a significantly higher pain index than control-diet male rats and cocoa-diet female rats at both 37°C and 44°C. Cocoa-diet female rats had a significantly higher pain index at 44°C than control-diet females. Mechanical sensitivity was affected following capsaicin cream, with a significantly decreased tolerated bottle distance in both cocoa- and control-diet animals, but there was no difference between cocoa- and control-diet groups. CONCLUSION Using the OPAD operant system, we demonstrated that a diet rich in cocoa was effective in inhibiting neurogenic inflammatory pain in rats. This has implications for the use of novel alternative therapies such as diet modification for pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Bowden
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - E L Rohrs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - K Omoto
- Department of Stomatognathic Function and Occlusal Reconstruction, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - P L Durham
- Department of Biology, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, USA
| | - L S Holliday
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - A D Morris
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - K D Allen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - R M Caudle
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - J K Neubert
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Hawkins JL, Durham PL. Enriched Chicken Bone Broth as a Dietary Supplement Reduces Nociception and Sensitization Associated with Prolonged Jaw Opening. J Oral Facial Pain Headache 2018; 32:208–215. [PMID: 29509826 PMCID: PMC7001769 DOI: 10.11607/ofph.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To test a commercially available enriched chicken bone broth (ECBB) product for its potential anti-inflammatory properties and to evaluate its ability to reduce nociception and expression of protein kinase A (PKA) in a clinically relevant model of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) caused by prolonged jaw opening in rats. METHODS The potential of the ECBB and of a homemade broth was investigated using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and percent inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, which was determined using a commercially available kit. Additionally, the effect of ECBB and homemade broth on nocifensive head withdrawal responses to mechanical stimulation in male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to prolonged jaw opening was evaluated. Differences were considered significant at P < .025. Changes in PKA expression in the medullary dorsal horn region of the spinal trigeminal nucleus associated with prolonged jaw opening were assessed using immunofluorescence, and these changes were considered significant at P < .05. Behavioral data were analyzed by using multiple nonparametric tests, and immunohistochemistry data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance with Games-Howell post hoc tests in SPSS software. RESULTS ECBB exhibited greater reducing potential and inhibition of COX-2 activity compared to homemade broth. Near maximal jaw opening was sufficient to induce sustained nocifensive responses to mechanical stimuli for 7 days. This increased sensitivity was correlated with elevated levels of the active form of PKA. Importantly, dietary inclusion of ECBB, but not of homemade broth, for 2 weeks prior to jaw opening was sufficient to reduce nocifensive behaviors and PKA expression. CONCLUSION Findings from this study provide evidence that ECBB attenuates nociception and expression of the pro-inflammatory protein PKA and thus may be beneficial as a nutraceutical supplement to manage inflammatory pain associated with TMD.
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Slavin M, Bourguignon J, Jackson K, Orciga MA. Impact of Food Components on in vitro Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Secretion-A Potential Mechanism for Dietary Influence on Migraine. Nutrients 2016; 8:E406. [PMID: 27376323 PMCID: PMC4963882 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) is a pivotal messenger in the inflammatory process in migraine. Limited evidence indicates that diet impacts circulating levels of CGRP, suggesting that certain elements in the diet may influence migraine outcomes. Interruption of calcium signaling, a mechanism which can trigger CGRP release, has been suggested as one potential route by which exogenous food substances may impact CGRP secretion. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of foods and a dietary supplement on two migraine-related mechanisms in vitro: CGRP secretion from neuroendocrine CA77 cells, and calcium uptake by differentiated PC12 cells. Ginger and grape pomace extracts were selected for their anecdotal connections to reducing or promoting migraine. S-petasin was selected as a suspected active constituent of butterbur extract, the migraine prophylactic dietary supplement. Results showed a statistically significant decrease in stimulated CGRP secretion from CA77 cells following treatment with ginger (0.2 mg dry ginger equivalent/mL) and two doses of grape pomace (0.25 and 1.0 mg dry pomace equivalent/mL) extracts. Relative to vehicle control, CGRP secretion decreased by 22%, 43%, and 87%, respectively. S-petasin at 1.0 μM also decreased CGRP secretion by 24%. Meanwhile, S-petasin and ginger extract showed inhibition of calcium influx, whereas grape pomace had no effect on calcium. These results suggest that grape pomace and ginger extracts, and S-petasin may have anti-inflammatory propensity by preventing CGRP release in migraine, although potentially by different mechanisms, which future studies may elucidate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Slavin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 1F8, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | - Julia Bourguignon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 1F8, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | - Kyle Jackson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 1F8, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
| | - Michael-Angelo Orciga
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, 4400 University Drive, MS 3E1, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA.
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Wang X, Hu R, Liang J, Li Z, Sun W, Pan X. 5-HT7 Receptors Are Not Involved in Neuropeptide Release in Primary Cultured Rat Trigeminal Ganglion Neurons. J Mol Neurosci 2016; 59:251-9. [PMID: 26892478 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-016-0727-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Migraine is a common but complex neurological disorder. Its precise mechanisms are not fully understood. Increasing indirect evidence indicates that 5-HT7 receptors may be involved; however, their role remains unknown. Our previous in vivo study showed that selective blockade of 5-HT7 receptors caused decreased serum levels of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in the external jugular vein following electrical stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion (TG) in an animal model of migraine. In the present study, we used an in vitro model of cultured TG cells to further investigate whether 5-HT7 receptors are directly responsible for the release of CGRP and substance P from TG neurons. We stimulated rat primary cultured TG neurons with capsaicin or potassium chloride (KCl) to mimic neurogenic inflammation, resulting in release of CGRP and substance P. 5-HT7 receptors were abundantly expressed in TG neurons. Greater than 93 % of 5-HT7 receptor-positive neurons co-expressed CGRP and 56 % co-expressed substance P. Both the capsaicin- and KCl-induced release of CGRP and substance P were unaffected by pretreatment of cultured TG cells with the selective 5-HT7 receptor agonist AS19 and antagonist SB269970. This study demonstrates for the first time that 5-HT7 receptors are abundantly co-expressed with CGRP and substance P in rat primary TG neurons and suggests that they are not responsible for the release of CGRP and substance P from cultured TG neurons evoked by capsaicin or KCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Jianbo Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 58 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Ze Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Weiwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Channelopathies of Guangdong Province and the Ministry of Education of China, Institute of Neurosciences and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, No. 250 Changgang Dong Road, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Xiaoping Pan
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, No. 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
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Araujo QRD, Gattward JN, Almoosawi S, Parada Costa Silva MDGC, Dantas PADS, Araujo Júnior QRD. Cocoa and Human Health: From Head to Foot—A Review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 56:1-12. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2012.657921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Cady RJ, Durham PL. Cocoa-enriched diets enhance expression of phosphatases and decrease expression of inflammatory molecules in trigeminal ganglion neurons. Brain Res 2010; 1323:18-32. [PMID: 20138852 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.01.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Activation of trigeminal nerves and release of neuropeptides that promote inflammation are implicated in the underlying pathology of migraine and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. The overall response of trigeminal nerves to peripheral inflammatory stimuli involves a balance between enzymes that promote inflammation, kinases, and those that restore homeostasis, phosphatases. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of a cocoa-enriched diet on the expression of key inflammatory proteins in trigeminal ganglion neurons under basal and inflammatory conditions. Rats were fed a control diet or an isocaloric diet enriched in cocoa for 14days prior to an injection of noxious stimuli to cause acute or chronic excitation of trigeminal neurons. In animals fed a cocoa-enriched diet, basal levels of the mitogen-activated kinase (MAP) phosphatases MKP-1 and MKP-3 were elevated in neurons. Importantly, the stimulatory effects of acute or chronic peripheral inflammation on neuronal expression of the MAPK p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) were significantly repressed in response to cocoa. Similarly, dietary cocoa significantly suppressed basal neuronal expression of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) as well as stimulated levels of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), proteins implicated in the underlying pathology of migraine and TMJ disorders. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that a dietary supplement can cause upregulation of MKP, and that cocoa can prevent inflammatory responses in trigeminal ganglion neurons. Furthermore, our data provide evidence that cocoa contains biologically active compounds that would be beneficial in the treatment of migraine and TMJ disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Cady
- Center for Biomedical and Life Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO 65806, USA
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Sinus problems as a cause of headache refractoriness and migraine chronification. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2009; 13:319-25. [DOI: 10.1007/s11916-009-0051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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