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Chen Y, Zhang G, Cao D, Wang F, Zhang F, Shao H, Jiao W. New Monoterpene Glycoside Paeoniflorin Derivatives as NO and IL-1 β Inhibitors: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation. Molecules 2023; 28:6922. [PMID: 37836765 PMCID: PMC10574144 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Several monoterpene glycoside compounds were extracted from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Among them, paeoniflorin, a water-soluble monoterpene glycoside found in the root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall, exhibits excellent antioxidant pharmacological functions. Initially, Sc(CF3SO3)3 was employed as the catalyst for paeoniflorin's dehydration and rearrangement reactions with alcohols. Subsequently, structural modifications were performed on paeoniflorin through a series of responses, including acetylation, deacetylation, and debenzoylation, ultimately yielding 46 monoterpene glycoside derivatives. The potential inhibitory effects on the pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and nitric oxide (NO) were assessed in vitro. The results revealed that compounds 29 and 31 demonstrated notable inhibition of NO production, while eight derivatives (3, 8, 18, 20, 21, 29, 34, and 40) displayed substantial inhibitory effects on the secretion of IL-1β. Computational research was also undertaken to investigate the binding affinity of the ligands with the target proteins. Interactions between the proteins and substrates were elucidated, and corresponding binding energies were calculated accordingly. The findings of this study could provide valuable insights into the design and development of novel anti-inflammatory agents with enhanced pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Chen
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- Nanchong Central Hospital, Nanchong 637000, China
| | - Guoqing Zhang
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Dongyi Cao
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, China
| | - Huawu Shao
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Jiao
- Natural Products Research Centre, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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Deng AP, Kang CZ, Kang LP, Lyu CG, Zhang WJ, Wang S, Wang HY, Nan TG, Zhou L, Huang LQ, Zhan ZL, Guo LP. Practical Protocol for Comprehensively Evaluating Sulfur-Fumigation of Baizhi Based on Metabolomics, Pharmacology, and Cytotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:799504. [PMID: 35145404 PMCID: PMC8822044 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.799504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfur Angelicae Dahuricae Radix (Baizhi) is a common medicinal herb in Asian countries. A practical protocol combining metabolomics, pharmacology, and cytotoxicity was developed to comprehensively evaluate the influence of sulfur-fumigation on the quality of Baizhi. Furocoumarins could be transformed into sulfur-containing compounds during the sulfuring process, among which 1 and 3 were purified with relatively high abundance and identified as 3,4-dihydrobyakangelicin-4-sulfonic acid and (4R,12S)-3,4-dihydrooxypeucedanin hydrate-4-sulfonic acid (OXH-S), respectively. OXH-S was found to be an addition product of sulfite and oxypeucedanin hydrate (OXH-N). Then, the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of OXH-N, OXH-S, and water extracts of sulfured (extraction-S), and unsulfured Baizhi (extraction-N) were evaluated. OXH-S and extraction-S were less toxic than OXH-N and extraction-N, respectively. A comparison of OXH-N with OXH-S and extraction-N with extraction-S showed no significant differences in anti-inflammatory activity. These results suggest that sulfur fumigation can reduce toxicity and does not influence the anti-inflammatory activity of Baizhi, even after chemical composition changes. The proposed protocol based on marker screening, pharmacology, and safety evaluation provides a scientific basis for the standardization and regulation of sulfured Baizhi and other medical materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ping Deng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Zhi Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Kang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Geng Lyu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tie-Gui Nan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Lai Zhan
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang L, Fan J, Qin X, Li Z. Rapid discrimination of raw and sulfur-fumigated Farfarae Flos based on UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS. Eur Food Res Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-021-03760-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Liu R, Liang H, Li Z, Zang H. Study on the Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Three Ingredients in Qilong Capsules and Their Potential Interactions in Rats by LC-MS/MS. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:186-193. [PMID: 34059902 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Qilong capsule (QLC) is a well-known Traditional Chinese Medicine, and it has a long history for the treatment of ischemic stroke. Its major ingredients are saponins, such as paeoniflorin, amygdalin and calycosin-7-glucoside, contributing to vasodilation function. In this study, a simple, rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed to determine three bioactive ingredients in rat plasma after oral administration of QLC. A simple acetonitrile precipitation method was introduced during the sample preparation. Chromatographic separation was performed on a Shiseido CAPCELL PAC MGIII-C18 column using a gradient elution with acetonitrile and water (0.1% formic acid) as a mobile phase, and the chromatographic separation was 5 min. The methodological evaluation showed that this method had a high sensitivity (the lower limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL for calycosin-7-glucoside, 5 ng/mL for paeoniflorin, 5 ng/mL for amygdalin), satisfactory accuracy (relative error ≤ ±15%) and precision (relative standard deviation ≤15%). Then, the analytical method was applied to the pharmacokinetic study in rats following oral administration of the extracts in QLC. Meanwhile, the pharmacokinetic parameters of complex system in QLC were analyzed and the potential interaction between ingredients was explored. The present quantification method and pharmacokinetic study will provide a meaningful reference for the formulas research of QLC in the treatment of ischemic stroke. HIGHLIGHT
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichen Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China.,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Huiliang Liang
- Jining Huaneng Pharmaceutical Factory Co., Ltd., Yingcui Road 69, Jining 272001, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Jining Huaneng Pharmaceutical Factory Co., Ltd., Yingcui Road 69, Jining 272001, Shandong Province, P.R. China
| | - Hengchang Zang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China.,National Glycoengineering Research Center, Shandong University, Wenhuaxi Road 44, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, P.R. China
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CP-25, a compound derived from paeoniflorin: research advance on its pharmacological actions and mechanisms in the treatment of inflammation and immune diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1387-1394. [PMID: 32884075 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Total glycoside of paeony (TGP) has been widely used to treat inflammation and immune diseases in China. Paeoniflorin (Pae) is the major active component of TGP. Although TGP has few adverse drug reactions, the slow onset and low bioavailability of Pae limit its clinical use. Enhanced efficacy without increased toxicity is pursued in developing new agents for inflammation and immune diseases. As a result, paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) derived from Pae, is developed in our group, and exhibits superior bioavailability and efficacy than Pae. Here we describe the development process and research advance on CP-25. The pharmacokinetic parameters of CP-25 and Pae were compared in vivo and in vitro. CP-25 was also compared with the first-line drugs methotrexate, leflunomide, and hydroxychloroquine in their efficacy and adverse effects in arthritis animal models and experimental Sjögren's syndrome. We summarize the regulatory effects of CP-25 on inflammation and immune-related cells, elucidate the possible mechanisms, and analyze the therapeutic prospects of CP-25 in inflammation and immune diseases, as well as the diseases related to its potential target G-protein-coupled receptor kinases 2 (GRK2). This review suggests that CP-25 is a promising agent in the treatment of inflammation and immune diseases, which requires extensive investigation in the future. Meanwhile, this review provides new ideas about the development of anti-inflammatory immune drugs.
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Influence Factors of the Pharmacokinetics of Herbal Resourced Compounds in Clinical Practice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:1983780. [PMID: 30949215 PMCID: PMC6425497 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1983780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herbal medicines have been used to prevent and cure diseases in eastern countries for thousands of years. In recent decades, these phytotherapies are becoming more and more popular in the West. As being nature-derived is the essential attribute of herbal medicines, people believe that taking them for diseases treatment is safe enough and has no side-effects. However, the efficacy of herbal resourced compounds (HRC) depends on the multiple constituents absorbed in the body and their pharmacokinetics. Thus, many factors will influence the clinical practice of HRC, i.e., their absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). Among these factors, herb-drug interaction has been widely discussed, as these compounds may share the same drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporters. Meanwhile there are many other potential factors that can also change the ADME of HRC, including herb pretreatment, herb-herb interactions, pathological status, gender, age of patient, and chemical and physical modification of certain ingredients. With the aim of ensuring the efficacy of HRC and minimizing their clinical risks, this review provides and discusses the influence factors and artificial improvement of the pharmacokinetics of HRC.
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Tu J, Guo Y, Hong W, Fang Y, Han D, Zhang P, Wang X, Körner H, Wei W. The Regulatory Effects of Paeoniflorin and Its Derivative Paeoniflorin-6'-O-Benzene Sulfonate CP-25 on Inflammation and Immune Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:57. [PMID: 30804784 PMCID: PMC6370653 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant extract "total glucosides of peony" (TGP) constitutes a mixture of glycosides that is isolated from the roots of the well-known traditional Chinese herb Paeonia lactiflora Pall. Paeoniflorin (Pae) is the most abundant component and the main biologically active ingredient of TGP. Pharmacologically, Pae exhibits powerful anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory effects in some animal models of autoimmune diseases including Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Recently, we modified Pae with an addition of benzene sulfonate to achieve better bioavailability and higher anti-inflammatory immune regulatory effects. This review summarizes the pharmacological activities of Pae and the novel anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory agent Paeoniflorin-6'-O-benzenesulfonate (CP-25) in various chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. The regulatory effects of Pae and CP-25 make them promising agents for other related diseases, which require extensive investigation in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Tu
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yawei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenming Hong
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yilong Fang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dafei Han
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pengying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Heinrich Körner
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Xu YY, Long F, Zhang YQ, Xu JD, Kong M, Li SL. Chemical markers for quality control of bran-fried sulfur-fumigated Paeoniae Radix Alba. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 159:305-310. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yan B, Shen M, Fang J, Wei D, Qin L. Advancement in the chemical analysis of Paeoniae Radix (Shaoyao). J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 160:276-288. [PMID: 30144752 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Paeoniae Radix Alba (baishao or white peony root) and Paeoniae Radix Rubra (chishao or red peony root) are two highly valuable traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) usually indicated for painful conditions, menstrual disorders and viral infections. These two TCMs are collectively referred to as shaoyao (Paeoniae Radix) due to their close origins and similar chemical compositions. Modern research indicates that monoterpene glycosides, polyphenols and paeonols are the three main types of compounds related to the pharmacological activities of Paeoniae Radix. This review summarizes recent advances in the chemical analysis of Paeoniae Radix and the related traditional Chinese medicine formulas/preparations, including methods used for sample pretreatment, qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis and biological sample analysis. More than 120 papers are discussed in this review, focusing on the chemical analysis of Paeoniae Radix, and various analytical techniques (such as HPLC, LC-MS, IR, near IR and quantitative NMR), as well as their advantages/disadvantages, are described. It is our hope that this paper can provide necessary information for improving the quality evaluation methods currently available for Paeoniae Radix and offer a scientific basis for the future in-depth study of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of Paeoniae Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binjun Yan
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Menglan Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jinyang Fang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Danni Wei
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Luping Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Kong M, Liu HH, Wu J, Shen MQ, Wang ZG, Duan SM, Zhang YB, Zhu H, Li SL. Effects of sulfur-fumigation on the pharmacokinetics, metabolites and analgesic activity of Radix Paeoniae Alba. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 212:95-105. [PMID: 29080828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Paeoniae Alba (Baishao, BS), one of the most commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, has many pharmacological effects including analgesic activity. Previous studies found that sulfur-fumigation, a post-harvest handling process developed to prevent mold contamination of medicinal herbs, altered the quality of BS. However, whether sulfur-fumigation affects the pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy of BS warrants further investigation. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the feasibility of sulfur-fumigation as a post-harvest handling process of BS from the viewpoints of pharmacokinetics, safety and efficacy. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacokinetic behaviors of four active components of BS and one characteristic component of sulfur-fumigated BS (S-BS) were evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (HPLC-TQ-MS/MS). The safety was investigated using ultra high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) based metabolomics approach after intragastric (i.g.) administration of non-fumigated BS (N-BS) and S-BS in rats. The analgesic efficacy was compared using hot-plate test in mice, after i.g. administration of N-BS and S-BS, at both high and low dosages. RESULTS Systemic exposures of paeoniflorin and oxypaeoniflorin, two analgesic components of BS, were significantly decreased in the S-BS treated group compared to the N-BS treated group, while paeoniflorin sulfonate, one of the sulfur-containing derivatives of S-BS, was detected in all time-points of S-BS treated group with the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC0-t) and the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) as high as 7077.06 ± 2232.97ng/mL*h and 1641.42 ± 634.79ng/mL respectively, which indicated that sulfur-fumigation altered the pharmacokinetic behaviors of BS. Besides, paeoniflorin sulfonate and its four metabolites with ambiguous toxicities, as well as one endogenous metabolite p-cresol glucuronide, the biomarker of disordered homeostasis of intestinal bacteria and bile acid, were identified as the characteristic metabolites in S-BS administered rats, suggesting that sulfur-fumigation reduced the safety of BS. Furthermore, the analgesic effects at both low and high dosages were decreased in different extent when compared to N-BS administered groups, indicating that sulfur-fumigation weakened the efficacy of BS. CONCLUSION Sulfur-fumigation altered the pharmacokinetics, as well as reduced the safety and efficacy of BS, suggesting that sulfur-fumigation is not recommended for post-harvest handling of BS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Huan-Huan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Ming-Qin Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Su-Min Duan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China
| | - Yan-Bo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
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Wu CY, Kong M, Zhang W, Long F, Zhou J, Zhou SS, Xu JD, Xu J, Li SL. Impact of sulphur fumigation on the chemistry of ginger. Food Chem 2018; 239:953-963. [PMID: 28873658 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiberis Rhizoma), a commonly-consumed food supplement, is often sulphur-fumigated during post-harvest handling, but it remains unknown if sulphur fumigation induces chemical transformations in ginger. In this study, the effects of sulphur fumigation on ginger chemicals were investigated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS)-based metabolomics. The results showed that sulphur fumigation significantly altered the holistic chemical profile of ginger by triggering chemical transformations of certain original components. 6-Gingesulphonic acid, previously reported as a naturally-occurring component in ginger, was revealed to be a sulphur fumigation-induced artificial derivative, which was deduced to be generated by electrophilic addition of 6-shogaol to sulphurous acid. Using UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS extracting ion analysis with 6-gingesulphonic acid as a characteristic chemical marker, all the commercial ginger samples inspected were determined to be sulphur-fumigated. The research outcomes provide a chemical basis for further comprehensive safety and efficacy evaluations of sulphur-fumigated ginger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ying Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Long
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Di Xu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Xu
- Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China; School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong.
| | - Song-Lin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China; Department of Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Jiangsu Branch of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Nanjing 210028, People's Republic of China.
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Rapid Determination of Isomeric Benzoylpaeoniflorin and Benzoylalbiflorin in Rat Plasma by LC-MS/MS Method. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:1693464. [PMID: 28567056 PMCID: PMC5439074 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1693464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzoylpaeoniflorin (BP) is a potential therapeutic agent against oxidative stress related Alzheimer's disease. In this study, a more rapid, selective, and sensitive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) method was developed to determine BP in rat plasma distinguishing with a monoterpene isomer, benzoylalbiflorin (BA). The method showed a linear response from 1 to 1000 ng/mL (r > 0.9950). The precision of the interday and intraday ranged from 2.03 to 12.48% and the accuracy values ranged from -8.00 to 10.33%. Each running of the method could be finished in 4 minutes. The LC-MS/MS method was validated for specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, recovery, and stability and was found to be acceptable for bioanalytical application. Finally, this fully validated method was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in rats following oral administration.
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Li XY, Long F, Xu JD, Shen H, Kong M, Zhu H, Zhang YQ, Li SL. Paeonifiorin sulfonate as a characteristic marker for specifically inspecting Chinese patent medicine Liu-Wei-Di-Huang-Wan contained sulfur-fumigated Moutan Cortex. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 138:283-288. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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14
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Wang C, Yuan J, Zhang LL, Wei W. Pharmacokinetic comparisons of Paeoniflorin and Paeoniflorin-6'O-benzene sulfonate in rats via different routes of administration. Xenobiotica 2016; 46:1142-1150. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2016.1149633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Ling Ling Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine of the Education Ministry of China, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Hefei, PR China
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15
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Pei K, Cai H, Duan Y, Qiao FX, Tu SC, Liu X, Wang XL, Song XQ, Fan KL, Cai BC. Evaluation of the Influence of Sulfur-Fumigated Paeoniae Radix Alba on the Quality of Si Wu Tang by Chromatographic and Chemometric Analysis. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2016; 2016:8358609. [PMID: 27034892 PMCID: PMC4807064 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8358609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
An accurate and reliable method of high-performance liquid chromatographic fingerprint combining with multi-ingredient determination was developed and validated to evaluate the influence of sulfur-fumigated Paeoniae Radix Alba on the quality and chemical constituents of Si Wu Tang. Multivariate data analysis including hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis, which integrated with high-performance liquid chromatographic fingerprint and multi-ingredient determination, was employed to evaluate Si Wu Tang in a more objective and scientific way. Interestingly, in this paper, a total of 37 and 36 peaks were marked as common peaks in ten batches of Si Wu Tang containing sun-dried Paeoniae Radix Alba and ten batches of Si Wu Tang containing sulfur-fumigated Paeoniae Radix Alba, respectively, which indicated the changed fingerprint profile of Si Wu Tang when containing sulfur-fumigated herb. Furthermore, the results of simultaneous determination for multiple ingredients showed that the contents of albiflorin and paeoniflorin decreased significantly (P < 0.01) and the contents of gallic acid and Z-ligustilide decreased to some extent at the same time when Si Wu Tang contained sulfur-fumigated Paeoniae Radix Alba. Therefore, sulfur-fumigation processing may have great influence on the quality of Chinese herbal prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Pei
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yu Duan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Feng-Xian Qiao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Si-Cong Tu
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Xiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Li Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Song
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Kai-Lei Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Bao-Chang Cai
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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Yu J, Xiao F, Asenso J, Zhou P, Yang XD, Wang C, Wei W. Simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin-6′-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) and its active paeoniflorin (Pae) metabolite in rat plasma using UPLC-MS/MS: an application for pharmacokinetic studies. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra22595k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (Pae), a water-soluble monoterpene glucoside, is the main effective component of total glucoside of paeony (TGP) paeoniflorin-6′-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25), an acylated derivative of Pae, was synthesized via esterification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology
- Anhui Medical University
- Hefei 230032
- China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine
| | - Feng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology
- Anhui Medical University
- Hefei 230032
- China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine
| | - James Asenso
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology
- Anhui Medical University
- Hefei 230032
- China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine
| | - Peng Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology
- Anhui Medical University
- Hefei 230032
- China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine
| | - Xiao-Dan Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology
- Anhui Medical University
- Hefei 230032
- China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology
- Anhui Medical University
- Hefei 230032
- China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology
- Anhui Medical University
- Hefei 230032
- China
- Key Laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicine
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Yang XD, Wang C, Zhou P, Yu J, Asenso J, Ma Y, Wei W. Absorption characteristic of paeoniflorin-6′-O-benzene sulfonate (CP-25) in in situ single-pass intestinal perfusion in rats. Xenobiotica 2015; 46:775-83. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1121553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dan Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - James Asenso
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Ma
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Key Laboratory of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Collaborative Innovation Center of Anti-Inflammatory and Immune Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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18
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Qualitative analysis of a sulfur-fumigated Chinese herbal medicine by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and high-resolution time of flight mass spectrometry using colorized fuzzy difference data processing. Chin J Integr Med 2015; 23:261-269. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-015-1966-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Pei K, Cai H, Liu X, Tu S, Cao G, Li H, Zhao Y, Song X, Lou Y, Qiao F, Cai B. Evaluation of the influence of sulfur fumigation on the pharmacokinetics of four active ingredients in Si Wu Tang. J Sep Sci 2014; 38:25-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Pei
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Hao Cai
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xiao Liu
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Sicong Tu
- Faculty of Medicine; University of New South Wales; Sydney NSW Australia
| | - Gang Cao
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
- Research Center of TCM Processing Technology; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University; Hangzhou P. R. China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yingying Zhao
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Song
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Yajing Lou
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute; Jiangsu Chia Tai Fenghai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Fengxian Qiao
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Baochang Cai
- College of Pharmacy; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine; Nanjing P. R. China
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Liu X, Liu J, Cai H, Li S, Ma X, Lou Y, Qin K, Guan H, Cai B. Novel characterization of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae before and after the sulfur-fumigation process by combining high performance liquid chromatographic fingerprint and multi-ingredients determination. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:338-45. [PMID: 25210323 PMCID: PMC4159929 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.137376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Harmful sulfur-fumigation processing method is abused during Radix Angelicae Dahuricae preparation. However, the analytical technique characterizing Radix Angelicae Dahuricae before and after the sulfur-fumigation process is absent. Materials and Methods: The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was adopted to develop methods combining finger-print analysis and multi-ingredients simultaneous determination for quality evaluation of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae before and after the sulfur-fumigation process. The chromatographic fingerprint method was established for qualitative analysis coupled with statistical cluster analysis basing on Euclidean distance. Additionally, a determination method was developed for quantitative analysis, which was able to assay the concentrations of the major coumarins including imperatorin, isoimperatorin, xanthotoxin, xanthotoxol, isoimpinellin, oxypeucedanin, and bergapten in Radix Angelicae Dahuricae simultaneously. The separations of the two methods were both achieved on a Hypersil octadecylsilyl C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at 35°C under different strategic gradient elution programs. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm all the time. Method validation data indicated that the methods were both reliable and applicable. They were then used to assay different Radix Angelicae Dahuricae samples collected from good agricultural practice (GAP) bases and local herbal markets. Results: The successful application demonstrated that the combination of HPLC fingerprint and simultaneous quantification of multi-ingredients offers an efficient approach for quality evaluation of Radix Angelicae Dahuricae before and after the sulfur-fumigation process. Conclusion: In order to discriminate Radix Angelicae Dahuricae before and after the sulfur-fumigation process, oxypeucedanin, and xanthotoxol were the most sensitive biomarkers and should be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; National First-Class Key Discipline for Science of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Cai
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; National First-Class Key Discipline for Science of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Ma
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Lou
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kunming Qin
- Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyue Guan
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baochang Cai
- Department of Chinese Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Engineering Center of State Ministry of Education for Standardization of Chinese Medicine Processing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; National First-Class Key Discipline for Science of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, People's Republic of China ; Nanjing Haichang Chinese Medicine Group Corporation, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Jiang X, Huang LF, Zheng SH, Chen SL. Sulfur fumigation, a better or worse choice in preservation of Traditional Chinese Medicine? PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:97-105. [PMID: 23127540 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur fumigation (SF) in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is a highly efficient and important traditional preservation method in China. This method has generated a great deal of concern and has been disputed in the last few years because of its uncertain safety. SF can alter the quality of TCMs by damaging the bioactive compounds, changing chemical profiles, and generating detrimental exogenous materials. However, SF is still widely used in the herbal medicinal industry because of its various benefits, such as its pesticidal and anti-bacterial effects, easy operation, and low-cost. This review contains the current situation, chemical mechanism and reactions during SF, the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic research, and the influence of quality caused by SF. In addition, a quantification-operation sulfur fumigation device (QOSFD), which can maintain the quality of TCMs by controlling the SF processing parameters, has been designed and introduced. The key technologies of this device involve controlling the O(2) content and the temperature of SO(2) as well as the quantification of sulfur in SF. This device can reduce the possibility of reaction between bioactive compounds and sulfur/sulfurous acid, as well as control the limitation of SO(2) residues. The QOSFD is regarded as a promising preservation technique in the field of TCM, medicinal materials, agriculture, and fruit industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Jiang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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Detection of sulfur-fumigated Paeoniae Alba Radix in complex preparations by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Molecules 2012; 17:8938-54. [PMID: 22836213 PMCID: PMC6268046 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17088938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of sulfur-fumigated Paeoniae Alba Radix (PAR) in different complex preparations is challenging due to the relatively lower content of PAR and interference from more complicated components in complex preparations with different multiple constituent herbs. In this study, a high performance liquid chromatography- triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for detecting sulfur-fumigated PAR in different complex preparations. Paeoniflorin, the major component of PAR, and paeoniflorin sulfonate, the characteristic artifact transformed from paeoniflorin during sulfur-fumigation of PAR, were used as chemical markers. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) scan was employed to maximize sensitivity and selectivity. Through optimizing full mass scan and daughter ion scan conditions, two mass transitions were selected and employed respectively for unequivocal identification of paeoniflorin and paeoniflorin sulfonate. The detection limits for paeoniflorin and paeoniflorin sulfonate using MRM were much lower than those detected with UV 270 nm. Paeoniflorin and paeoniflorin sulfonate could be simultaneously detected in different commercial PAR-containing complex preparations without interference of other components using the established method, indicating that the newly established method was selective and sensitive enough for screening sulfur-fumigated PAR in commercial complex preparations.
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Li SL, Shen H, Zhu LY, Xu J, Jia XB, Zhang HM, Lin G, Cai H, Cai BC, Chen SL, Xu HX. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry based chemical profiling approach to rapidly reveal chemical transformation of sulfur-fumigated medicinal herbs, a case study on white ginseng. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1231:31-45. [PMID: 22360913 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2011] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur-fumigation may induce chemical transformation of medicinal herbs. Development of rapid method to reveal potential sulfur-fumigation induced chemical transformation of herbs is a very important issue for efficacy and safety of herb application. In present study, a new strategy was proposed to rapidly reveal chemical transformation of sulfur-fumigated herbs by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) based chemical profiling approach. The non-fumigated herb was water-wetted and further treated with burning sulfur to get sulfur-fumigated herb. Then the chemical fingerprints of both non-fumigated and sulfur-fumigated samples were compared by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis. The identities of all detected peaks, in particular those newly generated in sulfur-fumigated samples were confirmed by comparing the mass spectra and retention times of peaks with that of reference compounds, and/or tentatively assigned by matching empirical molecular formula with that of published compounds, and/or elucidating quasi-molecular ions and fragment ions referring to available literature information. The identification could be rationalized through deducing possible reactions involved in the generation of these newly detected compounds. The proposed strategy was extensively investigated in the case of white ginseng. Total 82 components were detected in non-fumigated and sulfur-fumigated white ginseng samples, among them 35 sulfur-containing compounds detected only in sulfur-fumigated white ginseng and its decoction were assigned to be sulfate or sulfite derivatives of original ginsenosides, and were deduced to be generated via reactions of esterification, addition, hydrolysis and dehydration during sulfur-fumigation and decocting of white ginseng. The established approach was applied to discriminate sulfur-fumigated white ginseng among commercial samples from America, Canada, and Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR and Mainland of China, which indicated that the proposed approach is rapid and specific, and should also be useful for investigation of potential chemical transformation of other sulfur-fumigated medicinal herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Li
- Department of Metabolomics and Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery System of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Province Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.
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Rapid screening and quantification of sulfonate derivatives in white peony root by UHPLC–MS–MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:2173-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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25
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Kan WLT, Ma B, Lin G. Sulfur fumigation processing of traditional chinese medicinal herbs: beneficial or detrimental? Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:84. [PMID: 22207851 PMCID: PMC3246269 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Majority of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) herbs need to undergo post-harvesting processing to convert raw material into the form readily used for prescription. In general, processing procedures are either according to China Pharmacopeia or based on traditional methods. Recently sulfur fumigation is increasingly used to replace traditional sun-drying for its pesticidal and anti-bacterial properties in a cheap and convenient manner. However, to date information on effects of sulfur fumigation on herbal safety and efficacy are limited. This article addresses potential destructive effects of sulfur fumigation on herbal efficacy and safety through reviewing currently available information. Since recently increased numbers of studies have demonstrated that sulfur fumigation-induced dramatic changes in chemical profiles of various sulfur-fumigated herbs, consequent alteration of efficacy, and/or potential incidence of toxicity are suspected. Therefore comprehensive investigations on effects of sulfur fumigation on toxicity, chemical profiles, pharmacokinetics, and bioactivities of TCM herbs are timely to provide scientific basis for standardization and regulation of this currently common but potentially harmful processing method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Lai Ting Kan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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26
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Comparative pharmacokinetics of paeoniflorin in plasma of vascular dementia and normal rats orally administrated with Danggui-Shaoyao-San or pure paeoniflorin. Fitoterapia 2011; 82:466-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2010] [Revised: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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