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Echeverria V, Echeverria F, Barreto GE, Echeverría J, Mendoza C. Estrogenic Plants: to Prevent Neurodegeneration and Memory Loss and Other Symptoms in Women After Menopause. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:644103. [PMID: 34093183 PMCID: PMC8172769 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.644103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, sexual hormones such as estrogens play an essential role in maintaining brain homeostasis and function. Estrogen deficit in the brain induces many undesirable symptoms such as learning and memory impairment, sleep and mood disorders, hot flushes, and fatigue. These symptoms are frequent in women who reached menopausal age or have had ovariectomy and in men and women subjected to anti-estrogen therapy. Hormone replacement therapy alleviates menopause symptoms; however, it can increase cardiovascular and cancer diseases. In the search for therapeutic alternatives, medicinal plants and specific synthetic and natural molecules with estrogenic effects have attracted widespread attention between the public and the scientific community. Various plants have been used for centuries to alleviate menstrual and menopause symptoms, such as Cranberry, Ginger, Hops, Milk Thistle, Red clover, Salvia officinalis, Soy, Black cohosh, Turnera diffusa, Ushuva, and Vitex. This review aims to highlight current evidence about estrogenic medicinal plants and their pharmacological effects on cognitive deficits induced by estrogen deficiency during menopause and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Echeverria
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepcion, Chile
- Research and Development Service, Bay Pines VA Healthcare System, Bay Pines, FL, Unites States
| | | | - George E. Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristhian Mendoza
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastian, Concepcion, Chile
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Kalász H, Ojha S, Tekes K, Szőke É, Mohanraj R, Fahim M, Adeghate E, Adem A. Pharmacognostical Sources of Popular Medicine To Treat Alzheimer's Disease. THE OPEN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY JOURNAL 2018; 12:23-35. [PMID: 29515678 PMCID: PMC5827296 DOI: 10.2174/1874104501812010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of classical and recently discovered plants are indicated in preventing and/or treating Alzheimer's disease (AD). OBJECTIVE Name of plants with their anti-AD effects are important for their further use and investigation. METHOD A short overview of AD is given; anti-Alzheimer plants are given in a Table. RESULTS Various medicinal plants are listed here as sources of popular medicines to be used in cases when patients are afraid of developing and/or suffer from AD. Some of these plants have been used for centuries. The major sources in the literature, over one hundred of references are given for plants that show beneficial effect on the progress of AD. CONCLUSION Plant extracts are widely used addition to the synthetic drugs approved by various administrative authorities to stop/slow down the progress of symptoms of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huba Kalász
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kornélia Tekes
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, Hungary
| | - Éva Szőke
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Üllői út 26, Hungary
| | - Rajesh Mohanraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Fahim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Abdu Adem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O.Box 17666, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Neuroprotective and Cognitive Enhancement Potentials of Angelica gigas Nakai Root: A Review. Sci Pharm 2017; 85:scipharm85020021. [PMID: 28452965 PMCID: PMC5489925 DOI: 10.3390/scipharm85020021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Angelica gigas Nakai is an important medicinal plant with health promoting properties that is used to treat many disorders. In traditional herbal medicine, the root of this plant is used to promote blood flow, to treat anemia, and is used as sedative or tonic agent. The root contains various bioactive metabolites; in particular, decursin and decursinol (pyranocoumarin type components) have been reported to possess various pharmacological properties. Recently, several in vitro and in vivo studies have reported that the crude extracts and isolated components from the root of A. gigas exhibited neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement effects. Neuronal damage or death is the most important factor for many neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, recent studies have clearly demonstrated the possible mechanisms behind the neuroprotective action of extracts/compounds from the root of A. gigas. In the present review, we summarized the neuroprotective and cognitive enhancement effects of extracts and individual compounds from A. gigas root.
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Yu M, Xu X, Jiang N, Wei W, Li F, He L, Luo X. Dehydropachymic acid decreases bafilomycin A1 induced β-Amyloid accumulation in PC12 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:167-173. [PMID: 28077330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fuling, the sclerotium of Poria cocos, was frequently used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formulae for Alzheimer's disease (AD) intervention over the past 10 centuries. And its extracts exhibited significant effects in both cellular and animal models of AD in previous studies. However, its mechanisms on prevention and treatment of AD have not been well elucidated yet. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the effect and corresponding mechanisms of dehydropachymic acid, which is one of the major triterpenes in P. cocos, on the clearance of β-amyloid accumulation in bafilomycin A1 induced PC12 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTT assay was used to examine the DPA effect on the viability of PC12 cells stable transfected with pCB6-APP (PC12-APP). PC12-APP cells were treated with DPA at the concentration of 6.25, 12.5, 25μg/mL for 4h, and then co-treated with 50nmol/L bafilomycin A1 for 48h except the controls. The Aβ1-42 content in culture medium was determined by ELISA. The intracellular amount of APP, Aβ1-42, LC3, cathepsin D was measured by Western blotting and normalized to GAPDH loading control. The PC12 cells stable transfected with pSelect-LC3-GFP (PC12-LC3-GFP) was used in the fluorescence microscopy estimation of autophagosomes accumulation. The internal pH in lysosome was detected by LysoTracker Red staining. RESULTS DPA had no significant effect on the cell viability but could significantly decrease Aβ1-42 content in culture medium and eliminate the intracellular accumulation of APP and Aβ1-42 in bafilomycin A1 induced PC12-APP cells. Furthermore, DPA lowered the LC3-II/LC3-I ratio and reduced the GFP-labeled LC3 puncta which were elevated by bafilomycin A1. And the increase in internal pH of lysosome and decrease in mCatD amount in Bafilomycin A1 induced PC12-APP cells were restored by DPA treatment. These results indicated that DPA could restore the lysosomal acidification and recover the autophgic flux which is impaired by bafilomycin A1. CONCLUSIONS DPA could effectively clear the accumulation of Aβ1-42 in bafilomycin A1 impaired PC12 cells through restoring the lysosomal acidification and recovering the autophgic flux. And these results highlight its therapeutic potential for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Yu
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 51, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 51, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 51, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 51, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 51, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Liming He
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 51, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Xia Luo
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, No. 51, 4th section of South Renmin Road, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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Natural products against Alzheimer's disease: Pharmaco-therapeutics and biotechnological interventions. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 35:178-216. [PMID: 28043897 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a severe, chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disease associated with memory and cognition impairment ultimately leading to death. It is the commonest reason of dementia in elderly populations mostly affecting beyond the age of 65. The pathogenesis is indicated by accumulation of the amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in brain tissues and hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in neurons. The main cause is considered to be the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to oxidative stress. The current treatment provides only symptomatic relief by offering temporary palliative therapy which declines the rate of cognitive impairment associated with AD. Inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is considered as one of the major therapeutic strategies offering only symptomatic relief and moderate disease-modifying effect. Other non-cholinergic therapeutic approaches include antioxidant and vitamin therapy, stem cell therapy, hormonal therapy, use of antihypertensive or lipid-lowering medications and selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, inhibition of β-secretase and γ-secretase and Aβ aggregation, inhibition of tau hyperphosphorylation and intracellular NFT, use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), transition metal chelators, insulin resistance drugs, etanercept, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) etc. Medicinal plants have been reported for possible anti-AD activity in a number of preclinical and clinical trials. Ethnobotany, being popular in China and in the Far East and possibly less emphasized in Europe, plays a substantial role in the discovery of anti-AD agents from botanicals. Chinese Material Medica (CMM) involving Chinese medicinal plants has been used traditionally in China in the treatment of AD. Ayurveda has already provided numerous lead compounds in drug discovery and many of these are also undergoing clinical investigations. A number of medicinal plants either in their crude forms or as isolated compounds have exhibited to reduce the pathological features associated with AD. In this present review, an attempt has been made to elucidate the molecular mode of action of various plant extracts, phytochemicals and traditional herbal formulations investigated against AD as reported in various preclinical and clinical tests. Herbal synergism often found in polyherbal formulations were found effective to combat disease heterogeneity as found in complex pathogenesis of AD. Finally a note has been added to describe biotechnological improvement, genetic and genomic resources and mathematical and statistical techniques for empirical model building associated with anti-AD plant secondary metabolites and their source botanicals.
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HAN DONGMEI, YAO YUAN, SUN YONG, GONG YUANYUAN, WU XINGWEI. Effect of charred Radix et Rhizoma Rhei in a laser-induced choroidal neovascularization murine model. Mol Med Rep 2014; 11:2896-902. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.3046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kumar H, Song SY, More SV, Kang SM, Kim BW, Kim IS, Choi DK. Traditional Korean East Asian medicines and herbal formulations for cognitive impairment. Molecules 2013; 18:14670-93. [PMID: 24287997 PMCID: PMC6270158 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181214670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hanbang, the Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM), is an inseparable component of Korean culture both within the country, and further afield. Korean traditional herbs have been used medicinally to treat sickness and injury for thousands of years. Oriental medicine reflects our ancestor’s wisdom and experience, and as the elderly population in Korea is rapidly increasing, so is the importance of their health problems. The proportion of the population who are over 65 years of age is expected to increase to 24.3% by 2031. Cognitive impairment is common with increasing age, and efforts are made to retain and restore the cognition ability of the elderly. Herbal materials have been considered for this purpose because of their low adverse effects and their cognitive-enhancing or anti-dementia activities. Herbal materials are reported to contain several active compounds that have effects on cognitive function. Here, we enumerate evidence linking TKMs which have shown benefits in memory improvements. Moreover, we have also listed Korean herbal formulations which have been the subject of scientific reports relating to memory improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemant Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chung-ju 380-701, Korea.
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Bioactive metabolites from macrofungi: ethnopharmacology, biological activities and chemistry. FUNGAL DIVERS 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s13225-013-0265-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhang L, Xie JW, Yang J, Cao YP. Tyrosine phosphatase STEP61negatively regulates amyloid β-mediated ERK/CREB signaling pathways via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. J Neurosci Res 2013; 91:1581-90. [PMID: 24123152 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wei Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology; China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Drug Basic Research; Liaoning Medical College; Jinzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Yun-Peng Cao
- Department of Neurology; The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University; Shenyang People's Republic of China
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Darusman LK, Wahyuni WT, Alwi F. Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Antioxidant Activity of Syzygium cumini, S. aromaticum and S. polyanthum from Indonesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2013.412.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Drug pipeline in neurodegeneration based on transgenic mice models of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2013; 12:116-40. [PMID: 22982398 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most important neurodegenerative disorders, bringing about huge medical and social burden in the elderly worldwide. Many aspects of its pathogenesis have remained unclear and no effective treatment exists for it. Within the past 20 years, various mice models harboring AD-related human mutations have been produced. These models imitate diverse AD-related pathologies and have been used for basic and therapeutic investigations in AD. In this regard, there are a wide variety of preclinical trials of potential therapeutic modalities using AD mice models which are of paramount importance for future clinical trials and applications. This review summarizes more than 140 substances and treatment modalities being used in transgenic AD mice models from 2001 to 2011. We also discuss advantages and disadvantages of each model to be used in therapeutic development for AD.
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Wang S, Cunnusamy K. Pharmaceutical composition for treating macular degeneration (WO2012079419). Expert Opin Ther Pat 2012; 23:269-72. [PMID: 23215532 DOI: 10.1517/13543776.2013.751972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A pharmaceutical composition composed of several traditional Chinese medicines is claimed to treat age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This represents a novel and alternative therapeutic solution for wet AMD, with the potential advantage of treating both the symptoms and the underlying causes of this devastating degenerative retinal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Wang
- Tulane University, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, LA, USA.
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Occlusal disharmony increases amyloid-β in the rat hippocampus. Neuromolecular Med 2011; 13:197-203. [PMID: 21751079 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-011-8151-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-β plays a causative role in Alzheimer's disease. Occlusal disharmony causes chronic psychological stress, and psychological stress increases amyloid-β accumulation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether occlusal disharmony-induced psychological stress affects the accumulation of amyloid-β and its related gene expressions in the rat hippocampus. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats (n = 18) were divided into three groups of six rats each: (1) a control group that received no treatment for 8 weeks; (2) an occlusal disharmony group that underwent cutoff maxillary molar cusps for 8 weeks; and (3) a recovered group that underwent cutoff maxillary molar cusps for 4 weeks followed by recovery for 4 weeks. Occlusal disharmony increased plasma corticosterone levels in a time-dependent manner. Levels of amyloid-β 40 and 42, glucocorticoid receptor (Gr) protein, and cleaved caspase 3 (Casp3) as well as gene expressions of amyloid precursor protein, beta-secretase, Casp3, and Gr in the hippocampus in the occlusal disharmony group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.016). These findings were significantly improved by recovery of occlusion (P < 0.016). These results indicate that psychological stress induced by occlusal disharmony reversibly induces amyloid-β 40 and 42 in the rat hippocampus through the glucocorticoid signal.
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Ma Y, Li Y, Zong LX, Xing XN, Zhang WG, Cao YP. Improving memory and decreasing cognitive impairment in Tg-APPswe/PSEN1dE9 mice with Aβ3-10 repeat fragment plasmid by reducing Aβ deposition and inflammatory response. Brain Res 2011; 1400:112-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2010] [Revised: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cancer cells promote survival through depletion of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor by protein crosslinking. Oncogene 2011; 30:4780-90. [PMID: 21625219 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1)-mediated signaling is associated with different tumors including renal cell carcinoma. NF-κB- and IGF-1-mediated signaling is found to be inhibited in the presence of wild-type von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppresser gene. Therefore, negative regulator of VHL may be a good target for regulating NF-κB and IGF-1R. In this study, we found that VHL, a tumor suppressor protein that downregulates the NF-κB activity and the stability of IGF-1R was depleted by TGase 2 through polymerization via crosslinking and proteasomal degradation in kidney, breast and ovary cancer cell lines. We also found that TGase 2 knockdown promotes hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) degradation, and thereby decrease HIF-1α transcriptional activity. Importantly, VHL expression was decreased in vivo in TGase-2-transgenic mice, and this was associated with increased NF-κB activity and the levels of expression of IGF-1R, HIF-1α and erythropoietin in kidney tissue. These results suggest a novel mechanism of regulation of the VHL tumor suppressor by TGase 2 that appears to be independent of the known cancer regulatory mechanisms.
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Seo JS, Baek IS, Leem YH, Kim TK, Cho Y, Lee SM, Park YH, Han PL. SK-PC-B70M alleviates neurologic symptoms in G93A-SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis mice. Brain Res 2010; 1368:299-307. [PMID: 20971081 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Revised: 10/09/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SK-PC-B70M, an oleanolic-glycoside saponins fraction extracted from the root of Pulsatilla koreana, carries active ingredient(s) that protects the cytotoxicity induced by Aβ(1-42) in SK-N-SH cells. It was recently demonstrated that SK-PC-B70M improved scopolamine-induced deficits of memory consolidation and spatial working memory in rats, and reduced Aβ levels and plaque deposition in the brains of the Tg2576 mouse model of Alzheimer disease. In the present study, we investigated whether SK-PC-B70M produces helpful effects on the pathology of the G93A-SOD1 transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Administration of SK-PC-B70M (100 or 400 mg/kg/day) from 8 weeks to 16 weeks of age attenuated neurological deficits of G93A-SOD1 mice in several motor-function-related behavioral tests. SK-PC-B70M treatment significantly suppressed the accumulation of the by-products of lipid peroxidation, malonedialdehyde (MDA) and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), in the spinal cord of G93A-SOD1 mice. Moreover, histologic analysis stained with cresyl violet or anti-choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) revealed that SK-PC-B70M suppressed neuronal loss in the ventral horn of the spinal cords of G93A-SOD1 mice. These results suggest that SK-PC-B70M affords a beneficial effect on neurologic deficits of G93A-SOD1 ALS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Seon Seo
- Department of Brain & Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 120-750, Republic of Korea
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