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Sriram S, Kim KW, Ljunggren-Rose Å. Targeted DeSUMOylation as a therapeutic strategy for multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2024; 392:578371. [PMID: 38788318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
SUMO (small ubiquitin like modifier) conjugated proteins have emerged as an important post translational modifier of cellular function. SUMOylation modulates several cellular processes involved in transcriptional regulation of genes, protein-protein interactions and DNA damage and repair. Since abnormalities in SUMOylation has been observed in neoplastic and neurodegenerative disorders, the SUMO pathway has become an attractive site for targeting of new therapies to regulate SUMOylation and reduce disease burden. Conjugation of SUMO to their respective substrates is orchestrated by an enzymatic cascade involving three main enzymes, E1, activation enzyme, E2, conjugating enzyme and E3, a protein ligase. Each of these enzymes are therefore potential "druggable" sites for future therapeutics. SUMOylation is a well-known mechanism by which the innate immune response is regulated in response to viral infections and in the adaptive immune response to tumor immunity. We have shown that small molecules which inhibit the SUMO activation pathway are also capable of inhibiting autoimmune response. TAK981 which forms adducts with SUMO and anacardic acid which inhibits the E1 enzyme of the SUMO pathway were effective in preventing the development of experimental allergic encephalitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Anacardic acid and TAK981 inhibited activation of TH17 cells and reduced clinical and pathological injury in IL-17 mediated myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) induced EAE. Ginkgolic acid, another known inhibitor of SUMO pathway, was also shown to be effective in reducing the severity of inflammatory arthropathies which is also IL-17 mediated. In addition, the increase in the transcription of myelin genes with TAK981 and anacardic acid improved remyelination in experimental models of demyelination. In the present review paper, we examine the mechanism of action of inhibitors of the SUMO pathway on regulating the immune response and the possibility of the use of these agents as therapeutics for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sriram
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA.
| | - Kwang Woon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Åsa Ljunggren-Rose
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
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Sriram S, Kumar MS, Shourie GK, Palukurthi A, Kadam S, Srikanth TM. Ninety-day toxicity and genotoxic effects of synthetically derived fully saturated forms of anacardic acid in mice. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 147:105538. [PMID: 38151226 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2023.105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Organically synthesized fully saturated form of Anacardic acid (AA) has previously shown to be effective in the treatment of inflammatory autoimmune disease. In this study, organically synthesized fully saturated form of AA was orally administered to male and female Swiss albino mice for 90 consecutive days at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW (n = 20 per sex/group). Administration of AA was well tolerated at all dose levels. The treated animals did not show a dose-response toxicity in their hematology, liver, or metabolic profile. Minimally significant changes in serum biochemistry and hematology parameters were noted, but these were not considered to be of biological or toxicological importance and were not outside the known accepted ranges. Sporadic differences in organ weights were observed between groups, but all were minimal (<10%) and unlikely to indicate toxicity. The incidence of histopathological lesions was comparable between treated and control groups across all tested organs. Based upon these findings, the no-observed-adverse-effect level was determined to be ≥ 100 mg/kg BW, which was the highest dose tested. There were no genotoxic (mutagenic and clastogenic) effects seen in In-vivo micronucleus test, In-vitro chromosomal aberration test and Bacterial reverse mutation test. These results support, no genotoxicity and no toxicity associated with oral consumption of AA in mice as a dietary supplement for beverages and food.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sriram
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37212, USA; Department of Medicine Vanderbilt Medical Center, TN, 37212, USA.
| | - M Sai Kumar
- Vipragen Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Mysore, KA, 570018, India
| | - G K Shourie
- Vipragen Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Mysore, KA, 570018, India
| | - A Palukurthi
- Vipragen Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Mysore, KA, 570018, India
| | - S Kadam
- Vipragen Biosciences Pvt. Ltd., Mysore, KA, 570018, India
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Silva DCGD, Silva HMD, Franco PP, Carmo TJAVD, Santos DRD, Silveira EL, Pinto ACG, Andrade MAD, Chaves RHDF. Anacardium occidentale L. (cajueiro) in the healing of skin wounds: an experimental study in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2023; 37:e371006. [PMID: 36629623 PMCID: PMC10624227 DOI: 10.1590/acb371006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the effects of Anacardium occidentale Linn on the healing of skin wounds. METHODS Twenty Wistar male rats were distributed into four groups (with five animals each one): negative control group (NCG), treated with saline solution; cashew tree group (CG), treated with hydroalcoholic extract of the bark of A. occidentale Linn; manipulated cashew tree group (MCG), with the ointment of extract of the bark of A. occidentale Linn; positive control group (PCG), treated with sunflower oil. All animals were examined daily, observing the macroscopic aspects of the surgical wound. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used for tissue morphology analysis and Masson's trichrome for better collagen fiber characterization. RESULTS On day 7, the MCG group had the expansion of the surgical wound covered by crust, exceeding the initial limits. On day 21, the wounds were observed to be completely closed and epithelialized in the NCG and CG groups. PCG and MCG still had remnants of crusts on the wound. The NCG was the only one not to present an abscess in histopathological analysis. CONCLUSIONS There was a prolongation of the healing phase of the animals treated with the extract, and the animals in the NCG showed a better outcome by histological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Machado da Silva
- Graduate student. Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará - School of Medicine - Belém (PA), Brazil
| | - Pedro Pastorini Franco
- Graduate student. Centro Universitário do Estado do Pará - School of Medicine - Belém (PA), Brazil
| | | | - Deivid Ramos Dos Santos
- Fellow Master degree. Universidade do Estado do Pará - Surgery and Experimental Research - Belém (PA), Brazil
| | - Edvaldo Lima Silveira
- PhD. Universidade do Estado do Pará - Tropical Medicine - Laboratory for Morphophysiology - Belém (PA), Brazil
| | - Ana Carla Godinho Pinto
- PhD, Associate professor. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Universidade Federal do Pará - Experimental Research Group - Belém (PA), Brazil
| | - Marcieni Ataíde de Andrade
- PhD, Associate professor. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Universidade Federal do Pará - Experimental Research Group - Belém (PA), Brazil
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Dame-Teixeira N, El-Gendy R, Monici Silva I, Holanda CA, de Oliveira AS, Romeiro LAS, Do T. Sustainable multifunctional phenolic lipids as potential therapeutics in Dentistry. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9299. [PMID: 35662265 PMCID: PMC9166758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenolic lipids components of the cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) have molecular structures capable of chemical signalling that regulate gene expression, metabolism and inflammation. This study sets out to assess how CNSL derivatives impact oral bacteria, from an antibacterial and anti-collagenolytic perspective, as well as its biocompatibility with dental pulp stem cells. Two hemi-synthetic saturated CNSL derivative compounds were selected (LDT11-Anacardic Acids-derivative and LDT409-cardanol-derivative). Bacteriostatic activity was tested against Streptococcus mutans and Veillonella parvula. Antimicrobial capacity against preformed S. mutans biofilms was investigated using a collagen-coated Calgary Biofilm Device and confocal microscopy. Clostridium histolyticum, P. gingivalis and S. mutans biofilms were used to assess anti-collagenolytic activity. Biocompatibility with human dental pulp stromal cells (HDPSCs) was investigated (MTT for viability proportion, LDH assays for cell death rate). LDTs inhibited the bacterial growth, as well as partially inhibited bacterial collagenases in concentrations higher than 5 μg/mL. Dose–response rates of biofilm cell death was observed (LDT11 at 20, 50, 100 μg/mL = 1.0 ± 0.4, 0.7 ± 0.3, 0.6 ± 0.03, respectively). Maximum cytotoxicity was 30%. After 1 week, LDT409 had no HDPSCs death. HDPSCs viability was decreased after 24 h of treatment with LDT11 and LDT409, but recovered at 72 h and showed a massive increase in viability and proliferation after 1 week. LDTs treatment was associated with odontoblast-like morphology. In conclusion, LDT11 multifunctionality and biocompatibility, stimulating dental pulp stem cells proliferation and differentiation, indicates a potential as a bio-based dental material for regenerative Dentistry. Its potential as a bacterial collagenases inhibitor to reduce collagen degradation in root/dentinal caries can be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naile Dame-Teixeira
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro - UnB, Federal District, Asa Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil. .,Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - Reem El-Gendy
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.,Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Isabela Monici Silva
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro - UnB, Federal District, Asa Norte, Brasilia, DF, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Cleonice Andrade Holanda
- Nucleus of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Andressa Souza de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Luiz Antonio Soares Romeiro
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia, 70910-900, Brazil.,Nucleus of Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brasilia, Federal District, Brasilia, 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Thuy Do
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
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Amorim LS, Marques Goes PE, Figueiredo RDA, Souza JADCR, Tavares JF, Castellano LRC, Castro RDD, Farias D, de Aquino SG. In vitro antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects of Anacardium occidentale L. extracts and their toxicity on PBMCs and zebrafish embryos. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2653-2663. [PMID: 34595971 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1981365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the in vitro antimicrobial and immunomodulatory action of crude extracts from Anacardium occidentale L. (cashew tree) leaves and bark, and to determine their toxicity to peripheral-blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and to zebrafish embryos and larvae. Chemical analysis of extracts was performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR). The antibacterial activity was evaluated against selected bacteria strains by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Cytotoxicity of the extracts was assessed using resazurin method, while the effect on production of ROS by PMN leukocytes was measured by luminol. Embryotoxicity to zebrafish was assessed using the fish embryo acute toxicity test (FET) and quantification of toxicity marker enzymes (AChE, LDH, and GST). 1H-NMR results showed anacardic acid as the main component of the extracts. All bacterial species tested were sensitive to the extracts, with MICs ranging from 312.5 to 10,000 μg/mL. Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli were the most susceptible species. The extracts promoted cell viability above 75% at concentrations from 1.25 to 80 μg/mL. Both extracts reduced zymosan-induced ROS (p < 0.05) at concentrations of 1, 8, and 80 μg/mL compared to the control. In vivo, there were embryotoxic effects in zebrafish embryos exposed to both extracts through the presence of lethal and sublethal endpoints. The samples also acted by inhibiting the activities of biomarker enzymes. The A. occidentale L. bark and leaf extracts showed antimicrobial potential and modulated ROS production in vitro, but these also showed embryotoxic effects to zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Souza Amorim
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Pedro Everton Marques Goes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | | | - Josean Fechine Tavares
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Davi Farias
- Department of Molecular Biology, Center of Exact and Natural Sciences (CCEN), Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Garcia de Aquino
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Center of Health Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba - UFPB, João Pessoa, Brazil
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Larvicidal activity, aquatic and in vivo toxicity of anacardic acid loaded-zein nanoparticles. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Gul H, Awais M, Saddick S, Ahmed Y, Sher Khan F, Ahmed E, Afzal U, Naqvi SMZA, Asghar Khan M, Gulfraz M, Kaukab Raja G. Quantification of biochemical compounds in Bauhinia Variegata Linn flower extract and its hepatoprotective effect. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:247-254. [PMID: 33424304 PMCID: PMC7785441 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver disorders may occur as a result of exposure to chemical compounds capable of inducing the oxidative stress and hepatic injuries. The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of flower extracts of B. Variegata for the treatment of liver injury induced by the CCl4. About 1 ml/kg body weight (b.w) of CCl4 was induced to experimental mice by intraperitoneal way for 14 days. The methanol and chloroform extracts (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg b.w) were administered to experimental animals for 14 days along with standard drug Silymarine (100 mg/kg b.w). The extracts alone showed no evidence of hepatic toxicity but animals exposed to CCl4 without the treatment with B. Variegata presented variations in levels of liver enzymes, antioxidant enzymes, proteins and blood cells as well as injuries in liver cells were also observed during histopathological study. However, after the treatments especially with 300 mg/kg b.w of methanol flower extracts levels of liver markers (ALT, AST and ALP), antioxidant enzymes and blood cells decreases and turned towards normal levels. Whereas level of total proteins and bilirubin was improved and damaged liver cells were repaired. The curative activity of flower extracts can be correlated to the higher potential of antioxidants and occurrence of Quercetin and some other organic compounds those were investigated from flower extracts of B. Variegata during HPLC and GC-MS analysis. The finding of this study supports the use of B. Variegata flower formulation in folk medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hina Gul
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Nanoscience and Technology, National Center for Physics, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Salina Saddick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazeed Ahmed
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Falak Sher Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Eilaf Ahmed
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - Umara Afzal
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Pakistan, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Gulfraz
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Kaukab Raja
- University Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology (UIBB), PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Anacardic 6-pentadecyl salicylic acid induces apoptosis in breast cancer tumor cells, immunostimulation in the host and decreases blood toxic effects of taxol in an animal model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 410:115359. [PMID: 33290779 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.115359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Many antineoplastic agents induce myelosuppression and leukopenia as secondary effects in patients. The development of anticancer agents that simultaneously provoke antitumor immune response represents an important therapeutic advance. The administration of 6-pentadecyl salicylic acid (6SA) contributes to the antitumor immunity using 4T1 breast cancer cells in Balb/c female mice, with Taxol as a positive control and in cotreatment with 6SA (6SA + Taxol; CoT). Our results show that 6SA reduces tumor volume and size by inducing caspase-8-mediated apoptosis without reducing tumor infiltrated lymphocytes. Also, 6SA reduced lung metastasis and increased the proportion of immune cells in blood, lymph nodes and bone marrow; more evidently, in the proportion of tumor-infiltrated natural killer (NK) cells and cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Taxol reduces helper and cytotoxic lymphocytes causing systemic immunosuppression and myelosuppression in bone marrow, whereas 6SA does not decrease any immune cell subpopulations in circulating blood and lymph nodes. More importantly, the CoT decreased the Taxol-induced cytotoxicity in circulating T cells and bone marrow. Treatment with 6SA increases the secretion of IL-2, IL-12, GM-CSF, TNF-α and IFN-γ and significantly reduces IL-10 and IL-17 secretion, suggesting that the reduction of regulatory T cells and tumor-associated macrophages contribute to the host control of tumor development. Finally, 6SA has an effective antineoplastic activity against breast cancer cells in an immunocompetent animal, reduces the myelosuppression and leukopenia that Taxol produces, improves the antitumoral immunological microenvironment and increases the overall survival of the animals improving the quality of life of patients with cancer.
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Araújo JTCD, Lima LA, Vale EP, Martin-Pastor M, Lima RA, Silva PGDB, Sousa FFOD. Toxicological and genotoxic evaluation of anacardic acid loaded-zein nanoparticles in mice. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1207-1215. [PMID: 32995295 PMCID: PMC7502790 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Anacardic acid extracted from cashew nut shells of Anacardium occidentale L has demonstrated important biological activities, such as antibacterial activity against the cariogenic specie Streptococcus mutans. Zein nanoparticles containing anacardic acid (9.375 μg/mL) were evaluated in terms of toxicity and genotoxicity in vivo. The subacute toxicity assay was used to evaluate the cumulative effects of the oral administration of nanoencapsulated anacardic acid at 2.25 and 112.5 μg/kg for 7 days in mice, simulating a mouth rinse short-term clinical course treatment. Blank zein nanoparticles and saline solution 0.9 % were used as negative controls. Peripheral blood samples were collected to evaluate the genotoxicity in polychromatic erythrocytes using the micronucleus test. The animals were anesthetized, euthanized and the target organs collected, weighed and submitted to histopathological analysis. Liver, kidney and spleen relative weights did not change. Nevertheless, stomach, lung and heart increased the relative weights in the group receiving the highest dose, in which occasional histopathological findings were also identified. Both doses maintained the micronucleus frequency within the normal range and the animals treated with the highest dose presented a discrete weight lost, which could explain the organs' relative weight reductions. Blank and anacardic acid loaded zein nanoparticles were nontoxic when administered repeatedly for 7 days, as no relevant histopathological changes neither genotoxicity were observed. These preparations demonstrated limited toxicity under the conditions used in this study and could become an antibacterial alternative for preventing/treating oral infections in short-term treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Thayanne Cavalcante de Araújo
- Graduate Program on Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amapa. Department of Biological & Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapa, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 2, Jd. Marco Zero, 68.903-419, Macapa, AP, Brazil
| | - Laís Aragão Lima
- Department of Dentistry, Unichristus. Rua Joao Adolfe Gurgel, 133, Bairro Coco, 60190-060, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Everton Pantoja Vale
- Graduate Program on Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapa, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 2, Jd. Marco Zero, Macapa, AP, Brazil
| | - Manuel Martin-Pastor
- Unidade de Resonancia Magnética, RIAIDT, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ramille Araújo Lima
- Department of Dentistry, Unichristus. Rua Joao Adolfe Gurgel, 133, Bairro Coco, 60190-060, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Fabio Oliveira de Sousa
- Graduate Program on Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Amapa. Department of Biological & Health Sciences, Federal University of Amapa, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 2, Jd. Marco Zero, 68.903-419, Macapa, AP, Brazil
- Graduate Program on Pharmaceutical Innovation, Federal University of Amapa, Rodovia Juscelino Kubitschek, Km 2, Jd. Marco Zero, Macapa, AP, Brazil
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Physicochemical characteristics, acute and subacute toxicity of cashew nut shell oil in Wistar rats. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2020.e00391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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Sousa JMS, de Abreu FAP, Ruiz ALTG, da Silva GG, Machado SL, Garcia CPG, Filho FO, Wurlitzer NJ, de Figueiredo EAT, Magalhães FEA, Muniz CR, Zocolo GJ, Dionísio AP. Cashew apple ( Anacardium occidentale L.) extract from a by-product of juice processing: assessment of its toxicity, antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2020; 58:764-776. [PMID: 33568870 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cashew apple extract (CAE) is a product with intense yellow color obtained from residual fibers of juice processing. Although CAE is known to be rich in carotenoids and anacardic acids, the biological activities of this potential natural food colorant remain unexplored. The present study is the first to investigate the toxicity, antiproliferative and antimicrobial activities of the lyophilized CAE (L-CAE) and its encapsulated products, using maltodextrin (M-CAE) or cashew gum (CG-CAE) as carriers. In addition to their high carotenoid content, the phenolic contents in all materials was determined using UPLC-QTOF-MSE. The acute toxicity was performed using adult zebrafish (Danio rerio); antiproliferative activity was assessed using seven different human tumor cell lines [U-251 (glioblastoma), MCF-7 (breast, adenocarcinoma), NCI-ADR/RES (multidrug-resistant ovarian adenocarcinoma), NCI-H-460 (lung, large cell carcinoma), PC-3 (prostate, adenocarcinoma), OVCAR-3 (ovarian adenocarcinoma), and HT-29 (colon, adenocarcinoma)] and an immortalized human keratinocyte (HaCaT) while the antimicrobioal activity was evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 19115, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC 51812 microorganisms. Both lyophilized and encapsulated CAE samples did not exert acute toxicity against zebrafish neither antiproliferative effect against human tumor and non-tumor cell lines. Further, L-CAE showed potential antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes, which was confirmed using electron microscopy. The current findings demonstrated that CAE is a potential source of bioactive compounds to use as an additive in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gisele Goulart da Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP 13414-903 Brazil
| | - Sandra Lira Machado
- Department of Nutrition, State University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE 60714-903 Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Oiram Filho
- Department of Food Technology, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE 60356-000 Brazil
| | - Nedio Jair Wurlitzer
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Dra Sara Mesquita Street, 2270, Fortaleza, CE 60511-110 Brazil
| | | | | | - Celli Rodrigues Muniz
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Dra Sara Mesquita Street, 2270, Fortaleza, CE 60511-110 Brazil
| | - Guilherme Julião Zocolo
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Dra Sara Mesquita Street, 2270, Fortaleza, CE 60511-110 Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dionísio
- Embrapa Agroindústria Tropical, Dra Sara Mesquita Street, 2270, Fortaleza, CE 60511-110 Brazil
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Lima RA, de Souza SLX, Lima LA, Batista ALX, de Araújo JTC, Sousa FFO, Rolim JPML, Bandeira TDJPG. Antimicrobial effect of anacardic acid-loaded zein nanoparticles loaded on Streptococcus mutans biofilms. Braz J Microbiol 2020; 51:1623-1630. [PMID: 32562202 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-020-00320-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial biofilms play a key role in the pathogenesis of major oral diseases. Nanoparticles open new paths for drug delivery in complex structures such as biofilms. This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of zein nanoparticles containing anacardic acid (AA) extracted from cashew shells of Anacardium occidentale on in vitro Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and mature biofilms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), and antibiofilm assays were performed. Streptococcus mutans UA159 biofilms were formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite disk for 5 days. To evaluate the preventive effect on biofilm formation, before contact with the inoculum, the disks were immersed once for 2 min in (1) hydroethanolic solution; (2) blank zein nanoparticles; (3) zein nanoparticles containing AA; and (4) 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate. To determine the effect against mature biofilms, the disks containing 5-day preformed biofilms were further treated using the same procedure. The bacterial viability and dry weight were determined for both assays and used to compare the groups using ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (p < 0.05). Both MIC and MBC for AA-loaded zein nanoparticles were 0.36 μg/mL. Groups 3 and 4 were very effective in inhibiting S. mutans biofilm formation, as no colony-forming units were detected. In contrast, for mature biofilms, no difference in bacterial viability (p = 0.28) or dry weight (p = 0.09) was found between the treatments. Therefore, the AA-based nanoformulation presented very high inhibitory and bactericidal activities against planktonic S. mutans, and the results indicate a strong antiplaque effect. However, the formulation showed no antimicrobial effect on the established biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramille Araújo Lima
- Centro Universitário Christus (UNICHRISTUS), Rua João Adolfo Gurgel, 133, Cocó, Fortaleza, CE, 60190-060, Brazil
| | | | - Lais Aragão Lima
- Centro Universitário Christus (UNICHRISTUS), Rua João Adolfo Gurgel, 133, Cocó, Fortaleza, CE, 60190-060, Brazil
| | - Ana Larissa Ximenes Batista
- Centro Universitário Christus (UNICHRISTUS), Rua João Adolfo Gurgel, 133, Cocó, Fortaleza, CE, 60190-060, Brazil
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13
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Rodrigues-Costa F, Slivinski J, Ióca LP, Bertonha AF, de Felício R, Cunha MGD, da Mata Madeira PV, Cauz ACG, Trindade DM, Freire VF, Ropke CD, Gales A, Brocchi M, Ferreira AG, Gueiros-Filho F, Trivella DBB, Berlinck RGS, Dessen A. Merulinic acid C overcomes gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecium. Bioorg Chem 2020; 100:103921. [PMID: 32464403 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.103921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Enterococci are gram-positive, widespread nosocomial pathogens that in recent years have developed resistance to various commonly employed antibiotics. Since finding new infection-control agents based on secondary metabolites from organisms has proved successful for decades, natural products are potentially useful sources of compounds with activity against enterococci. Herein are reported the results of a natural product library screening based on a whole-cell assay against a gram-positive model organism, which led to the isolation of a series of anacardic acids identified by analysis of their spectroscopic data and by chemical derivatizations. Merulinic acid C was identified as the most active anacardic acid derivative obtained against antibiotic-resistant enterococci. Fluorescence microscopy analyses showed that merulinic acid C targets the bacterial membrane without affecting the peptidoglycan and causes rapid cellular ATP leakage from cells. Merulinic acid C was shown to be synergistic with gentamicin against Enterococcus faecium, indicating that this compound could inspire the development of new antibiotic combinations effective against drug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rodrigues-Costa
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), CNPEM, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano Slivinski
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura P Ióca
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Ariane F Bertonha
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael de Felício
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), CNPEM, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Vinicius da Mata Madeira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), CNPEM, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana C G Cauz
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vítor F Freire
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Gales
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Brocchi
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução, Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CEP 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio G Ferreira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, CEP 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Frederico Gueiros-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), CEP 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto G S Berlinck
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 13560-970, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | - Andréa Dessen
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), CNPEM, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale (IBS), Grenoble, France.
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14
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Dias CCQ, Madruga MS, Pintado MME, Almeida GHO, Alves APV, Dantas FA, Bezerra JKG, de Melo MFFT, Viera VB, Soares JKB. Cashew nuts (Anacardium occidentale L.) decrease visceral fat, yet augment glucose in dyslipidemic rats. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0225736. [PMID: 31830056 PMCID: PMC6907795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological effects of roasted Cashew nuts consumption on biochemical and murinometric parameters in dyslipidemic rats receiving lipid supplementation. Young male rats were randomly assigned to three experimental groups (n = 10). The Control group (CONT) was treated with water, the Dyslipidemic group (DL) received a high fat content emulsion throughout the experiment, and the Dyslipidemic Cashew Nuts group (DLCN) received the same high fat content emulsion throughout the experiment, yet was treated with Cashew nuts. Body parameters, biochemical, hepatic and fecal fatty acid profiles were all evaluated. The levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in the DL and DLCN groups as compared to the control group. DLCN and CONT presented no difference in HDL levels. DLCN presented higher glycemia levels than the other groups. There was reduction of body fat in DLCN as compared to other groups, but with higher accumulations of liver fat. DLCN presented a reduction in saturated hepatic fatty acids of 20.8%, and an increase of 177% in relation to CONT; there was also a 21% in increase DL for ω9 fatty acids in comparison to CONT. As for fecal fatty acids, there was a lower concentration of polysaturates in DLCN as compared to the other groups. The data showed that the consumption of Cashew nuts by the dyslipidemic animals treated with a hyperlipidic diet induced greater accumulations of liver fat and worsened glycemic levels, despite having reduced visceral fats and increased fecal fat excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina C. Q. Dias
- DEA—Department of Food Engineering, Technology Centre, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Marta S. Madruga
- DEA—Department of Food Engineering, Technology Centre, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | - Maria Manuela E. Pintado
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina–Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Paula Vilar Alves
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Education and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Francileide Amaro Dantas
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Education and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Vanessa Bordin Viera
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Education and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Juliana Késsia B. Soares
- Department of Nutrition, Center of Education and Health, Federal University of Campina Grande, Cuité, Paraíba, Brazil
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15
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Liu W, Cui Y, Ren W, Irudayaraj J. Epigenetic biomarker screening by FLIM-FRET for combination therapy in ER+ breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:16. [PMID: 30700309 PMCID: PMC6354376 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0620-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Hormone-dependent gene expression involves dynamic and orchestrated regulation of epigenome leading to a cancerous state. Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer rely on chromatin remodeling and association with epigenetic factors in inducing ER-dependent oncogenesis and thus cell over-proliferation. The mechanistic differences between epigenetic regulation and hormone signaling provide an avenue for combination therapy of ER-positive breast cancer. We hypothesized that epigenetic biomarkers within single nucleosome proximity of ER-dependent genes could serve as potential therapeutic targets. We described here a Fluorescence lifetime imaging-based Förster resonance energy transfer (FLIM-FRET) methodology for biomarker screening that could facilitate combination therapy based on our study. We screened 11 epigenetic-related markers which include oxidative forms of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and methyl-binding domain proteins. Among them, we identified H4K12acetylation (H4K12ac) and H3K27 acetylation (H3K27ac) as potential epigenetic therapeutic targets. When histone acetyltransferase inhibitor targeting H4K12ac and H3K27ac was combined with tamoxifen, an enhanced therapeutic outcome was observed against ER-positive breast cancer both in vitro and in vivo. Together, we demonstrate a single molecule approach as an effective screening tool for devising targeted epigenetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Liu
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA
- Present Address: Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Center at Illinois, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Yi Cui
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA
- Earth and Biological Science Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Wen Ren
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA
| | - Joseph Irudayaraj
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
- Bindley Bioscience Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, 47907, IN, USA.
- Present Address: Department of Bioengineering, Cancer Center at Illinois, Micro and Nanotechnology Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, 61801, USA.
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16
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Yuan M, Song X, Lv W, Xin Q, Wang L, Gao Q, Zhang G, Liao W, Lian S, Jing T. Effect of anacardic acid against echinococcosis through inhibition of VEGF-induced angiogenesis. Vet Res 2019; 50:3. [PMID: 30642401 PMCID: PMC6332641 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-019-0621-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Echinococcosis is a zoonotic infection caused by cestode species of the genus Echinococcus, with limited treatment options. It is urgent to develop new anti-hydatid agent. In this paper, we reported anacardic acid (AA), a natural product isolated from the Brazilian cashew-nut shell liquid, which presented a high activity against metacestodes of Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis) and Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (E. granulosus s.s.) in vitro and in vivo. AA exerted a better efficacy on E. granulosus s.s. protoscoleces and E. multilocularis metacestodes than that of albendazole (ABZ) and dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in vitro, and an inhibition on the growth of Echinococcus metacestode as effective as ABZ in vivo. Moreover, we also found that one of the mechanisms of AA against Echinococcus could be the suppression of angiogenesis on/in the metacestode mass through inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)—induced signalling pathways. This work finds that AA is a new promising potential candidate drug for echinococcosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Yuan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Cancer Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaoxia Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, 810007, China
| | - Wei Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qi Xin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Li Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Qi Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Guochao Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Wenzhen Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biochip, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Tao Jing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
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17
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Sajeevan SE, Chatterjee M, Paul V, Baranwal G, Kumar VA, Bose C, Banerji A, Nair BG, Prasanth BP, Biswas R. Impregnation of catheters with anacardic acid from cashew nut shell prevents Staphylococcus aureus biofilm development. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:1286-1295. [PMID: 29972893 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The effect of anacardic acid impregnation on catheter surfaces for the prevention of Staphylococcus aureus attachments and biofilm formations were evaluated. METHODS AND RESULTS Silicon catheter tubes were impregnated using different concentrations of anacardic acids (0·002-0·25%). Anacardic acids are antibacterial phenolic lipids from cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) shell oil. Anacardic acid-impregnated silicon catheters revealed no significant haemolytic activity and were cytocompatible against fibroblast cell line (L929). Sustained release of anacardic acids was observed for 4 days. Anacardic acid-impregnated silicon catheters efficiently inhibited S. aureus colonization and the biofilm formation on its surface. The in vivo antibiofilm activity of anacardic acid-impregnated catheters was tested in an intraperitoneal catheter-associated medaka fish infection model. Significant reduction in S. aureus colonization on anacardic acid-impregnated catheter tubes was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that anacardic acid-impregnated silicon catheters may help in preventing catheter-related staphylococcal infections. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study opens new directions for designing antimicrobial phytochemical-coated surfaces with ideal antibiofilm properties and could be of great interest for biomedical research scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Sajeevan
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - M Chatterjee
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - V Paul
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - G Baranwal
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - V A Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - C Bose
- Amrita School of Biotechnology (ASBT), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - A Banerji
- Amrita School of Biotechnology (ASBT), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - B G Nair
- Amrita School of Biotechnology (ASBT), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, Kerala, India
| | - B P Prasanth
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - R Biswas
- Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and research Center (AIMS), Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi, Kerala, India
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18
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Luiz Gomes A, Dimitrova Tchekalarova J, Atanasova M, da Conceição Machado K, de Sousa Rios MA, Paz MFCJ, Găman MA, Găman AM, Yele S, Shill MC, Khan IN, Islam MA, Ali ES, Mishra SK, Islam MT, Mubarak MS, da Silva Lopes L, de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante AA. Anticonvulsant effect of anacardic acid in murine models: Putative role of GABAergic and antioxidant mechanisms. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:1686-1695. [PMID: 30170356 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.07.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a neurological disease affecting people of all ages worldwide. Side effects of antiepileptic drugs and their association with oxidative stress stimulate the search for new drugs, which would be more affordable with fewer adverse effects. Accordingly, the aim of the present work is to evaluate the anticonvulsant effect of anacardic acid (AA), a natural compound extracted from cashew liquid (Anacardium occidentalis), in murine models, as well as its antioxidant actions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. AA (>90% purity) was tested, in vivo, in male Swiss mice (25-30 g) with four convulsive models, (1) pentylenetetrazole, (2) pilocarpine, (3) electroshock, and (4) kainic acid, at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg, body weight (B.W.) Additionally, the effective dose, toxic dose, and protective index studies were also performed. Results revealed that AA exhibits anticonvulsive effects in models 1, 3, and 4, with a mean effective dose (ED50) of 39.64 (model 1) >100 mg/kg, B.W. (model 2), and 38.36 (model 3); furthermore, AA displays a protection index of 1.49 (model 1), <0.6 (model 2, and 1.54 (model 3). In addition, AA showed antioxidant activities in S. cerevisiae mutated for superoxide dismutases (SOD). In conclusion, these results show that AA exhibits significant anticonvulsant and antioxidant activities and may be used as a promising natural product for the treatment of epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Luiz Gomes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Milena Atanasova
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Medica de Pleven, Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Keylla da Conceição Machado
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina, Brazil; Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Mihnea-Alexandru Găman
- "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Amelia Maria Găman
- Department of Pathophysiology, Research Center of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; Department of Haematology, Filantropia City Hospital of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Santosh Yele
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, India
| | - Manik Chandra Shill
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Ishaq N Khan
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, 25100, Pakistan
| | - Md Amirul Islam
- Pharmacy Discipline, School of Life Sciences, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Eunüs S Ali
- Gaco Pharmaceuticals and Research Laboratory, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, 5042, Australia
| | - Siddhartha K Mishra
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences (Zoology), Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, 470003, M.P, India
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.
| | - Mohammad S Mubarak
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan.
| | - Luciano da Silva Lopes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Toxicidade Genética do Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, CEP: 64.049-550, Teresina Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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19
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de Brito JM, Mauad T, Cavalheiro GF, Yoshizaki K, de André PA, Lichtenfels AJFC, Guimarães ET, Rivero DHRF, Antonangelo L, Oliveira LB, Pedroso LRM, Macchione M, Saldiva PHN. Acute exposure to diesel and sewage biodiesel exhaust causes pulmonary and systemic inflammation in mice. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 628-629:1223-1233. [PMID: 30045544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is a renewable energy source that reduces particle emission, but few studies have assessed its effects. To assess the effects of acute inhalation of two doses (600 and 1200 μg/m3) of diesel (DE) and biodiesel (BD) fuels on the inflammatory pulmonary and systemic profile of mice. Animals were exposed for 2 h in an inhalation chamber inside the Container Laboratory for Fuels. Heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure were determined 30 min after exposure. After 24 h, we analyzed the lung inflammation using bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF); neutrophil and macrophage quantification in the lung parenchyma was performed, and blood and bone marrow biomarkers as well as receptor of endothelin-A (ET-Ar), receptor of endothelin-B (ET-Br), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOs) and isoprostane (ISO) levels in the pulmonary vessels and bronchial epithelium were evaluated. HRV increased for BD600, D600 and D1200 compared to filtered air (FA). Both fuels (DE and BD) produced alterations in red blood cells independent of the dose. BALF from the BD600 and BD1200 groups showed an increase in neutrophils compared to those of the FA group. Numeric density of the polymorphonuclear and mononuclear cells was elevated with BD600 compared to FA. In the peribronchiolar vessels, there was an increase in ET-Ar and ET-Br expression following BD600 compared to FA; and there was a reduction in the iNOs expression for BD1200 and the VCAM-1 for D1200 compared to FA. In the bronchial epithelium, there was an increase in ETAr at BD600, ET-Br at two doses (600 and 1200 μg/m3) of DE and BD, iNOs at D600 and VCAM-1 at BD1200 and D600; all groups were compared to the FA group. Acute exposure to DE and BD derived from sewage methyl esters triggered pulmonary and cardiovascular inflammatory alterations in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jôse Mára de Brito
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thais Mauad
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Guilherme Franco Cavalheiro
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Yoshizaki
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Afonso de André
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Julia F C Lichtenfels
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eliane Tigre Guimarães
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Leila Antonangelo
- Department of Pathology, Clinical Laboratory, LIM 03 - Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luciano Basto Oliveira
- Alberto Luiz Coimbra Institute for Graduate Studies and Research in Engineering, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Eco 100 Sustained Development LTDA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Mariangela Macchione
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, Experimental Air Pollution Laboratory, LIM 05 - Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Gomes Júnior AL, Tchekalarova JD, Machado KDC, Moura AKS, Paz MFCJ, da Mata AMOF, Nogueira TR, Islam MT, Rios MADS, Graças Lopes Citó AMD, Uddin SJ, Shilpi JA, Das AK, Lopes LDS, Melo-Cavalcante AADC. Anxiolytic effect of anacardic acids from cashew (Anacardium occidentale) nut shell in mice. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:420-431. [PMID: 29573147 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Antianxiety drugs currently in use are associated with a number of serious side effects. Present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of anacardic acids (AAs) isolated from cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) shell liquid (CNSL) to treat anxiety as well as its role in oxidative stress in mice model. Anxiolytic effect of AA was evaluated using rota-rod and a set of behavioral tests in male Swiss albino mice at the doses of 10, 25, and 50 mg/kg. Flumazenil was used to evaluate the possible involvement of GABAergic system in the mechanism of action of AA. The effect of AA on oxidative stress in mice was evaluated by determining the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione, and catalase (CAT) activity. The detection of DNA damage of the treated animals was performed using alkaline comet test in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of the animals. The results demonstrated that AA did not produce myorelaxant and sedative effects, nor did it cause a decrease in locomotor activity. The anxiolytic effect of AA was well-evident in all tests, especially at higher dose levels (25 and 50 mg/mg). Flumazenil reversed the anxiolytic effect of AA at all doses. In addition, AA reduced oxidative stress by decreasing the concentration of MDA and increasing the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and CAT activity. Statistical analysis by Pearson's correlation indicated a positive correlation between anxiolytic effect of AA to its antioxidant and lipid peroxidation inhibitory activity. Furthermore, increased CAT activity and GSH concentrations in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of mice was also complementary to the reduced genotoxic damage observed in the study. In comet assay, AA did not increase in DNA damage. In conclusion, the results supported that AA possesses GABAA receptor mediated anxiolytic activity with the lack of myorelaxation and genotoxicity. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(5):420-431, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Luiz Gomes Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.,Program of Postgraduate in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Keylla da Conceição Machado
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.,Program of Postgraduate in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Arkellau Kenned Silva Moura
- Department of Chemistry, Science Center of Nature, Federal University of Piauí, University Campus Minister Petrônio Portella, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Márcia Fernanda Correia Jardim Paz
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.,Program of Postgraduate in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | | | - Tiago Rocha Nogueira
- Technological Innovation Group and Chemical Specialties - GRINTEQUI, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department for Management of Science and Technology Development, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Maria Alexsandra de Sousa Rios
- Department of Chemistry, Science Center of Nature, Federal University of Piauí, University Campus Minister Petrônio Portella, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Antônia Maria das Graças Lopes Citó
- Department of Chemistry, Science Center of Nature, Federal University of Piauí, University Campus Minister Petrônio Portella, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Shaikh Jamal Uddin
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Jamil A Shilpi
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Asish K Das
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Luciano da Silva Lopes
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia de Carvalho Melo-Cavalcante
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil.,Program of Postgraduate in Biotechnology (RENORBIO), Federal University of Piauí, Teresina, Brazil
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21
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Medeiros-Linard CFB, Andrade-da-Costa BLDS, Augusto RL, Sereniki A, Trevisan MTS, Perreira RDCR, de Souza FTC, Braz GRF, Lagranha CJ, de Souza IA, Wanderley AG, Smailli SS, Lafayette SSL. Anacardic Acids from Cashew Nuts Prevent Behavioral Changes and Oxidative Stress Induced by Rotenone in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease. Neurotox Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9882-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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22
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Braz NM, Freitas ER, Trevisan MTS, do Nascimento GAJ, Salles RPR, Cruz CEB, Farias NNP, da Silva ING, Watanabe PH. Serum biochemical profile, enzymatic activity and lipid peroxidation in organs of laying hens fed diets containing cashew nut shell liquid. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2017; 102:67-74. [PMID: 28299816 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of feeding laying hens diets containing cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) as a source of anacardic acid on the blood biochemical parameters as well as the enzymatic activity and lipid peroxidation of liver and tissues of the reproductive system (ovary, magnum, and uterus). A total of 216 Hisex White commercial laying hens were distributed randomly into six treatments, with six replicates of six birds. Treatments consisted of a diet without growth promoter (GP); a diet with GP; and diets without GP, with addition of increasing levels of CNSL (0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0%). Addition of CNSL to the diet did not affect the blood biochemical parameters (uric acid, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides), the enzymatic activity (superoxide dismutase and nonprotein sulphydryl groups) in the organs (liver, ovary, magnum and uterus) or the peroxidation of lipids from the blood serum, liver, magnum and uterus (p > 0.05). However, the addition of 0.75% and 1.00% CNSL provided a lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content in the birds' ovary (p < 0.001) compared to birds of other treatments, whereas the treatment without the GP provided a higher value. Addition of up to 1% of the CNSL as a source of anacardic acid in the laying hens' diets does not influence blood biochemical parameters or the endogenous enzymatic activity in the liver, ovary, magnum and uterus, but affects the lipid peroxidation in the ovary, although the problem is reduced from the inclusion of 0.75% CNSL.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Braz
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - E R Freitas
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - M T S Trevisan
- Departamento de Química Orgânica e Inorgânica, Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - G A J do Nascimento
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - R P R Salles
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - C E B Cruz
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - N N P Farias
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - I N G da Silva
- Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - P H Watanabe
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Jaiswal YS, Tatke PA, Gabhe SY, Vaidya AB. Antidiabetic activity of extracts of Anacardium occidentale Linn. leaves on n-streptozotocin diabetic rats. J Tradit Complement Med 2016; 7:421-427. [PMID: 29034189 PMCID: PMC5634720 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) is used in South Cameroon as well as in other tropical countries by traditional practitioners as a folk remedy for treatment of diabetes mellitus. We demonstrated the antidiabetic potential of the plant extracts in n-streptozotocin diabetic rats. The aim of the current study was to investigate the antidiabetic effects of ethanol extract of leaves of A. occidentale on neonatal streptozotocin diabetic rats. Two day old neonates were injected with 100 mg/kg of streptozotocin. At the end of the experimental period of 30 days, reduction in the fasting blood glucose levels, serum insulin, glycated hemoglobin levels, serum lipid parameters, and renal function biomarkers were estimated in the control and treated rats. Histopathological examination of liver, kidney and pancreas were also carried out. On administration of 100 mg/kg of plant extract, blood glucose levels of the rats showed 8.01% and 19.25% decrease in the fasting blood glucose levels on day 15 and day 30, respectively. The administration of extract showed that the effects of extract treatment are comparable to treatment with the standard drug Pioglitazone. These results demonstrate significant antidiabetic potential of the ethanol extract of leaves of A. occidentale, justifying the use of plant in the indigenous system of medicine. Further studies for investigating the specific compound(s) responsible for such beneficial role in diabetes would open new outlook in the therapy of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Jaiswal
- C.U.Shah College of Pharmacy, S.N.D.T Women's University, Mumbai 400049, India
| | - P A Tatke
- C.U.Shah College of Pharmacy, S.N.D.T Women's University, Mumbai 400049, India
| | - S Y Gabhe
- C.U.Shah College of Pharmacy, S.N.D.T Women's University, Mumbai 400049, India
| | - A B Vaidya
- ICMR Advanced Centre of Reverse Pharmacology in Traditional Medicine, Kasturba Health Society, Vile Parle-(W), Mumbai 400 056, India
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24
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Grace MH, Esposito D, Timmers MA, Xiong J, Yousef G, Komarnytsky S, Lila MA. Chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of pistachio hull extracts. Food Chem 2016; 210:85-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.04.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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25
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Nuts and their co-products: The impact of processing (roasting) on phenolics, bioavailability, and health benefits – A comprehensive review. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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26
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Yazbek PB, Tezoto J, Cassas F, Rodrigues E. Plants used during maternity, menstrual cycle and other women's health conditions among Brazilian cultures. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 179:310-31. [PMID: 26732633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE For innumerous clinical cases related to women's health and precarious medical care in developing countries, a large repertoire of plants have been used as popular medicines in order to fill this gap, which in a certain way creates health risks to users, since pharmacological and toxicological tests are still insufficient to guarantee their efficacy and safety. Besides therapeutic use, abortive plants are broadly used in countries where abortion is prohibited, increasing that risk even more. In this way, ethnopharmacological studies that register plants used for women's health can contribute not only to the selection of potential bioactives, enriching the repertoire of drugs available to females, above all in public health systems, but also questioning the safety of products that are used without prescription. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES This review aims at determining plants applied by Brazilian cultures in the treatment of conditions related to maternity, menstrual cycle and other women's health particularities, and to supplement the lack of epidemiological data available to assess the health of indigenous, rural and other populations of Brazilian women. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review was conducted of the collection at the Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Center of the Federal University of São Paulo (period covered: 1965 to 2012). All of the 343 articles were consulted and 31 articles mentioning therapeutic uses of interest were selected. Relevant information was extracted to compose Table 1 - Maternity, Table 2 - Menstrual Cycle and Table 3 - Other Conditions. Data was statistically analyzed in order to generate the discussion about plants used in healing contexts by different Brazilian ethnicities. A bibliographic review was performed using the Scopus database to collect the following information about the most cited plants: ethnobotany/ethnopharmacology of non-Brazilian cultures for women's health conditions, pharmacology, toxicology, and adverse reactions. RESULTS A total of 319 species were cited for 22 indications related to women's health. Ninety-seven species were indicated for conditions related to maternity, 94 to the menstrual cycle and 232 to others. The same species could be present in more than one of these three categories. The most cited family was Fabaceae (13.5%), and the species were Ruta graveolens L. (1.76%) and Strychnos pseudoquina A. St.-Hil (1.76%). The most frequent part utilized, mode of preparation and route of administration were leaves (2.0%), tea (73.38%) and oral (87. 2%), respectively. The indications that showed the highest number of species were: to treat venereal diseases (69 species), abortive (54) and anti-inflammatory for the ovaries and/or uterus (54). According to our bibliographic survey, among the 19 most indicated species in this review, only four are also used by non-Brazilian cultures for conditions related to women's health; 25% of them were pharmacologically investigated and it was possible to validate their ethnopharmacological/ethnobotanical use, 10.5% have presented well-described adverse reactions and for 42.1% of these species toxicological studies were performed. CONCLUSION The survey raised important data about plants implemented in healing related to women's health conditions by Brazilian cultures and their practices. The compilation presented in this study enables the realization of further investigation regarding the development of herbal medicines and contributes to the incrementation of policies focused on these cultures. Further phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological studies should be conducted, which will allow the discovery of pharmacological properties, bioactive constituents, and moreover, adequate posology, manner of use and adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- P B Yazbek
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies-Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - J Tezoto
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies-Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F Cassas
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies-Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
| | - E Rodrigues
- Center for Ethnobotanical and Ethnopharmacological Studies-Institute of Environmental Sciences, Chemical and Pharmaceutical, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Heat-induced alterations in cashew allergen solubility and IgE binding. Toxicol Rep 2016; 3:244-251. [PMID: 28959544 PMCID: PMC5615785 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cashew nuts are an increasingly common cause of food allergy. We compare the soluble protein profile of cashew nuts following heating. SDS-PAGE indicate that heating can alter the solubility of cashew nut proteins. The 11S legumin, Ana o 2, dominates the soluble protein content in ready to eat and mildly heated cashew nuts. However, we found that in dark-roasted cashew nuts, the soluble protein profile shifts and the 2S albumin Ana o 3 composes up to 40% of the soluble protein. Analysis of trypsin-treated extracts by LC/MS/MS indicate changes in the relative number and intensity of peptides. The relative cumulative intensity of the 5 most commonly observed Ana o 1 and 2 peptides are altered by heating, while those of the 5 most commonly observed Ana o 3 peptides remaine relatively constant. ELISA experiments indicate that there is a decrease in rabbit IgG and human serum IgE binding to soluble cashew proteins following heating. Our findings indicate that heating can alter the solubility of cashew allergens, resulting in altered IgE binding. Our results support the use of both Ana o 2 and Ana o 3 as potential cashew allergen diagnostic targets.
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28
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ABREU VKG, PEREIRA ALF, FREITAS ERD, TREVISAN MTS, COSTA JMCD. Addition of anacardic acid as antioxidants in broiler chicken mortadella. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-457x.6771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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29
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Leite ADS, Dantas AF, Oliveira GLDS, Gomes Júnior AL, de Lima SG, Citó AMDGL, de Freitas RM, Melo-Cavalcante AADC, Dantas Lopes JA. Evaluation of toxic, cytotoxic, mutagenic, and antimutagenic activities of natural and technical cashew nut shell liquids using the Allium cepa and Artemia salina bioassays. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:626835. [PMID: 25861638 PMCID: PMC4377390 DOI: 10.1155/2015/626835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The cashew nut releases a substance that is known as cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL). There are both natural (iCNSL) and technical (tCNSL) cashew nut shell liquids. This study used an Artemia salina bioassay to evaluate the toxic effects of iCNSL and tCNSL cashew nut shell liquids. It also evaluated the toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity of CNSL and its effects on the damage induced by copper sulfate (CuSO4·5H2O) on the meristems' root of Allium cepa. Effects of the damage induced by CuSO4·5H2O were evaluated before (pre-), during (co-), and after (post-) treatments. The iCNSL contained 94.5% anacardic acid, and the tCNSL contained 91.3% cardanol. The liquids were toxic to A. salina. Toxicity, cytotoxicity, and mutagenicity were observed with iCNSL compared with the negative control. Similarly, iCNSL failed to inhibit the toxicity and cytotoxicity of CuSO4·5H2O. The tCNSL was not toxic, cytotoxic, or mutagenic in any of the concentrations. However, the lowest iCNSL concentrations and all of the tCNSL concentrations had preventive, antimutagenic, and reparative effects on micronuclei and on chromosomal aberrations in the A. cepa. Therefore, protective, modulating, and reparative effects may be observed in the A. cepa, depending on the concentration and type of CNSL used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aracelli de Sousa Leite
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Genética Toxicológica de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Alisson Ferreira Dantas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, Departamento de Genética e Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - George Laylson da Silva Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Antonio L. Gomes Júnior
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Genética Toxicológica de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Sidney Gonçalo de Lima
- Departamento de Química, CCN, Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | - Rivelilson M. de Freitas
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Ana Amélia de C. Melo-Cavalcante
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Genética Toxicológica de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - José Arimateia Dantas Lopes
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia (RENORBIO) da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Neuroquímica Experimental do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas da Universidade Federal do Piauí, 6409-550 Teresina, PI, Brazil
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Cornejo-Garrido J, Salinas-Sandoval M, Díaz-López A, Jácquez-Ríos P, Arriaga-Alba M, Ordaz-Pichardo C. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity, liver profile test, and mutagenic activity of five plants used in traditional Mexican medicine. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Alam-Escamilla D, Estrada-Muñiz E, Solís-Villegas E, Elizondo G, Vega L. Genotoxic and cytostatic effects of 6-pentadecyl salicylic anacardic acid in transformed cell lines and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2014; 777:43-53. [PMID: 25726174 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In Mexico, as in many other countries, traditional medicine is used for the treatment of several diseases. In particular, Amphipterygium adstringens infusion is used for gastritis, gastric ulcers, and gastric cancer. Extracts from this tree have microbicidal effects against Helicobacter pylori, an important risk factor for gastric cancer development. Anacardic acids are constituents of A. adstringens, and 6-pentadecyl salicylic acid (6-PSA) is the most abundant. However, there is a lack of information regarding the effects of 6-PSA on cancer cells. Therefore, we investigated whether 6-PSA has differential effects on the induction of genotoxicity, cytostaticity, and apoptosis in normal human peripheral blood mononucleated cells (PBMCs), bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes of Balb/c mice, and human transformed cell lines derived from both gastric cancer (AGS cells) and leukaemia (K562 cells). Treatment with 6-PSA (30-150 μM) reduced the viability of AGS and K562 cells together with a moderate, but significant, increase in the frequency of micronucleated cells and the induction of DNA breakage (Comet Assay). Moreover, 6-PSA increased the apoptosis rate in both the AGS and K562 cell lines in a caspase 8-dependent manner. In contrast, neither cytotoxicity nor genotoxicity were observed in PBMCs or bone marrow polychromatic erythrocytes of Balb/c mice after treatment with low doses of 6-PSA (0.2-2.0 mg/Kg). Instead, 6-PSA treatment resulted in the inhibition of PBMC proliferation, which was reversible after the compound was removed. Additionally, 6-PSA treatments (2-20 mg/Kg) increased the frequency of mature polychromatic erythrocytes in the bone marrow, suggesting a possible effect on the differentiation process of immune cells. The present results indicate that 6-PSA induces cytotoxicity and moderate genotoxicity, together with an increase in the apoptosis rate, in a caspase 8-dependent manner in gastric cancer cells. In contrast, a low toxicity was observed when PBMCs were exposed to 6-PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alam-Escamilla
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, G. A. Madero, 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Elizabet Estrada-Muñiz
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, G. A. Madero, 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Erik Solís-Villegas
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, G. A. Madero, 07360 México D.F., Mexico
| | - Guillermo Elizondo
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico
| | - Libia Vega
- Departamento de Toxicología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, G. A. Madero, 07360 México D.F., Mexico.
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Chen Z, Wang L, Liao L, Zhang Z, Wang Z. Toxicology and the chemical foundation of plants of Erycibe. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2014; 70:349-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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de Brito JM, Macchione M, Yoshizaki K, Toledo-Arruda AC, Saraiva-Romanholo BM, Andrade MDF, Mauad T, Rivero DHRF, Saldiva PHN. Acute cardiopulmonary effects induced by the inhalation of concentrated ambient particles during seasonal variation in the city of São Paulo. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:492-9. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00156.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambient particles may undergo modifications to their chemical composition as a consequence of climatic variability. The determination of whether these changes modify the toxicity of the particles is important for the understanding of the health effects associated with particle exposure. The objectives were to determine whether low levels of particles promote cardiopulmonary effects, and to assess if the observed alterations are influenced by season. Mice were exposed to 200 μg/m3 concentrated ambient particles (CAPs) and filtered air (FA) in cold/dry and warm/humid periods. Lung hyperresponsiveness, heart rate, heart rate variability, and blood pressure were evaluated 30 min after each exposure. After 24 h, blood and tissue samples were collected. During both periods (warm/humid and cold/dry), CAPs induced alterations in red blood cells and lung inflammation. During the cold/dry period, CAPs reduced the mean corpuscular volume levels and increased erythrocytes, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and red cell distribution width coefficient variation levels compared with the FA group. Similarly, CAPs during the warm/humid period decreased mean corpuscular volume levels and increased erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and red cell distribution width coefficient variation levels compared with the FA group. CAPs during the cold/dry period increased the influx of neutrophils in the alveolar parenchyma. Short-term exposure to low concentrations of CAPs elicited modest but significant pulmonary inflammation and, to a lesser extent, changes in blood parameters. In addition, our data support the concept that changes in climate conditions slightly modify particle toxicity because equivalent doses of CAPs in the cold/dry period produced a more exacerbated response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jôse Mára de Brito
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariângela Macchione
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kelly Yoshizaki
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Choqueta Toledo-Arruda
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and City of São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Beatriz Mangueira Saraiva-Romanholo
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil and City of São Paulo University, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Maria de Fátima Andrade
- Institute of Astronomy, Geophysics, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thaís Mauad
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Hilário Nascimento Saldiva
- Department of Pathology, Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Bouchoucha A, Terbouche A, Bourouina A, Djebbar S. New complexes of manganese (II), nickel (II) and copper (II) with derived benzoxazole ligands: Synthesis, characterization, DFT, antimicrobial activity, acute and subacute toxicity. Inorganica Chim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2014.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Kumkrai P, Kamonwannasit S, Chudapongse N. Cytoprotective and anti-diabetic effects of Derris reticulata aqueous extract. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:675-84. [PMID: 24849669 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0337-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study was aimed to investigate pancreatic protective and anti-diabetic activities of the aqueous extract of Derris reticulata stem. First, we evaluated a cytoprotective potential of D. reticulata extract on alloxan-induced damage in vitro. Treatment with D. reticulata extract at the doses of 250 and 500 μg/ml significantly increased cell viability of the pancreatic β-cell line RINm5F after exposure of alloxan. The anti-hyperglycemic activity of D. reticulata extract was further studied in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. A significant reduction in blood glucose level along with an increase in body weight was observed in diabetic rats treated with D. reticulata extract at 250 mg/kg body weight for 15 days. Serum aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase levels were also significantly decreased compared to diabetic control rats. In accordance with in vitro cytoprotective effect, histopathological examination revealed that pancreatic islet cells of the extract-treated diabetic rat were less damage than those of the untreated diabetic group. In order to find another possible mechanism of action underling hypoglycemic activity, the effect on glucose absorption was examined using everted sac jejunum. The results showed that D. reticulata extract suppressed glucose absorption from small intestine. To corroborate safety use of D. reticulata extract, acute oral toxicity was also conducted in rats. Our results showed that none of the tested doses (250, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg/kg) induced signs of toxicity or mortality after administration of the extract. The results suggested that D. reticulata extract possess anti-diabetic activity, which resulting from its pancreatic cytoprotective effect and inhibition of intestinal glucose absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pakarang Kumkrai
- School of Pharmacology, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
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Tang ZX, Shi LE, Aleid SM. Date fruit: chemical composition, nutritional and medicinal values, products. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2351-2361. [PMID: 23553505 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Date fruit has served as a staple food in the Arab world for centuries. Worldwide production of date fruit has increased almost threefold over the last 40 years, reaching 7.68 million tons in 2010. Date fruit can provide many essential nutrients and potential health benefits to the consumer. Date fruit goes through four ripening stages named kimri, khalal, rutab and tamer. The main chemical components of date fruit include carbohydrates, dietary fibre, enzymes, protein, fat, minerals, vitamins, phenolic acids and carotenoids. The chemical composition of date fruit varies according to ripening stage, cultivar, growing environment, postharvest conditions, etc. The nutritional and medicinal activities of date fruit are related to its chemical composition. Many studies have shown that date fruit has antioxidant, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, anticancer and immunostimulant activities. Various date fruit-based products such as date syrup, date paste, date juice and their derived products are available. Date by-products can be used as raw materials for the production of value-added products such as organic acids, exopolysaccharides, antibiotics, date-flavoured probiotic-fermented dairy produce, bakery yeasts, etc. In this paper the chemical composition and nutritional and medicinal values of date fruit as well as date fruit-based products are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Xing Tang
- Department of Food Science, Anqing Vocational and Technical College, Anqing, Anhui, China.
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Anacardic acids from cashew nuts ameliorate lung damage induced by exposure to diesel exhaust particles in mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:549879. [PMID: 23533495 PMCID: PMC3600199 DOI: 10.1155/2013/549879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Anacardic acids from cashew nut shell liquid, a Brazilian natural substance, have antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and modulate immune responses and angiogenesis. As inflammatory lung diseases have been correlated to environmental pollutants exposure and no reports addressing the effects of dietary supplementation with anacardic acids on lung inflammation in vivo have been evidenced, we investigated the effects of supplementation with anacardic acids in a model of diesel exhaust particle- (DEP-) induced lung inflammation. BALB/c mice received an intranasal instillation of 50 μg of DEP for 20 days. Ten days prior to DEP instillation, animals were pretreated orally with 50, 150, or 250 mg/kg of anacardic acids or vehicle (100 μL of cashew nut oil) for 30 days. The biomarkers of inflammatory and antioxidant responses in the alveolar parenchyma, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and pulmonary vessels were investigated. All doses of anacardic acids ameliorated antioxidant enzyme activities and decreased vascular adhesion molecule in vessels. Animals that received 50 mg/kg of anacardic acids showed decreased levels of neutrophils and tumor necrosis factor in the lungs and BALF, respectively. In summary, we demonstrated that AAs supplementation has a potential protective role on oxidative and inflammatory mechanisms in the lungs.
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Screening and analyzing potential hepatotoxic compounds in the ethanol extract of Asteris Radix by HPLC/DAD/ESI-MSn technique. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 67-68:51-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Natural products from ethnodirected studies: revisiting the ethnobiology of the zombie poison. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2012:202508. [PMID: 21977054 PMCID: PMC3184504 DOI: 10.1155/2012/202508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Wade Davis's study of Haitian “zombification” in the 1980s was a landmark in ethnobiological research. His research was an attempt to trace the origins of reports of “undead” Haitians, focusing on the preparation of the zombification poison. Starting with this influential ethnopharmacological research, this study examines advances in the pharmacology of natural products, focusing especially on those of animal-derived products. Ethnopharmacological, pharmacological, and chemical aspects are considered. We also update information on the animal species that reportedly constitute the zombie poison. Several components of the zombie powder are not unique to Haiti and are used as remedies in traditional medicine worldwide. This paper emphasizes the medicinal potential of products from zootherapy. These biological products are promising sources for the development of new drugs.
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