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Ullah A, Mostafa NM, Halim SA, Elhawary EA, Ali A, Bhatti R, Shareef U, Al Naeem W, Khalid A, Kashtoh H, Khan A, Al-Harrasi A. Phytoconstituents with cardioprotective properties: A pharmacological overview on their efficacy against myocardial infarction. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 39023299 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is considered one of the most common cardiac diseases and major cause of death worldwide. The prevalence of MI and MI-associated mortality have been increasing in recent years due to poor lifestyle habits viz. residency, obesity, stress, and pollution. Synthetic drugs for the treatment of MI provide good chance of survival; however, the demand to search more safe, effective, and natural drugs is increasing. Plants provide fruitful sources for powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents for prevention and/or treatment of MI. However, many plant extracts lack exact information about their possible dosage, toxicity and drug interactions which may hinder their usefulness as potential treatment options. Phytoconstituents play cardioprotective role by either acting as a prophylactic or adjuvant therapy to the concurrently used synthetic drugs to decrease the dosage or relief the side effects of such drugs. This review highlights the role of different herbal formulations, examples of plant extracts and types of several isolated phytoconstituents (phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, alkaloids, phenyl propanoids) in the prevention of MI with reported activities. Moreover, their possible mechanisms of action are also discussed to guide future research for the development of safer substitutes to manage MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aman Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Saba Medical Center, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Nada M Mostafa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sobia Ahsan Halim
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Esraa A Elhawary
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ain Ali
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rohail Bhatti
- Department of Pharmacology and Psychology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Usman Shareef
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Waiel Al Naeem
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Asaad Khalid
- Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamdy Kashtoh
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Sultanate of Oman
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Mu X, Yu H, Li H, Feng L, Ta N, Ling L, Bai L, A R, Borjigidai A, Pan Y, Fu M. Metabolomics analysis reveals the effects of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bunge extract on ameliorating acute myocardial ischemia in rats induced by isoproterenol. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30488. [PMID: 38737264 PMCID: PMC11088323 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge (SM) is a widespread herbal therapy for myocardial ischemia (MI). Nevertheless, the therapeutic signaling networks of SM extract on MI is yet unknown. Emerging evidences suggested that alterations in cardiac metabolite influences host metabolism and accelerates MI progression. Herein, we employed an isoproterenol (ISO)-induced acute myocardial ischemia (AMI) rat model to confirm the pharmacological effects of SM extract (0.8, 0.9, 1.8 g/kg/day) via assessment of the histopathological alterations that occur within the heart tissue and associated cytokines; we also examined the underlying SM extract-mediated signaling networks using untargeted metabolomics. The results indicated that 25 compounds with a relative content higher than 1 % in SM aqueous extract were identified using LC-MS/MS analysis, which included salvianolic acid B, lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid A, and caffeic acid as main components. An in vivo experiment showed that pretreatment with SM extract attenuated ISO-induced myocardial injury, shown as decreased myocardial ischemic size, transformed electrocardiographic, histopathological, and serum biochemical aberrations, reduced levels of proinflammatory cytokines, inhibited oxidative stress (OS), and reversed the trepidations of the cardiac tissue metabolic profiles. Metabolomics analysis shows that the levels of 24 differential metabolites (DMs) approached the same value as controls after SM extract therapy, which were primarily involved in histidine; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate; glycerophospholipid; and glycine, serine, and threonine metabolisms through metabolic pathway analysis. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the levels of modulatory effects of SM extract on the inflammation and OS were related to alterations in endogenous metabolites. Overall, SM extract demonstrated significant cardioprotective effects in an ISO-induced AMI rat model, alleviating myocardial injury, inflammation and oxidative stress, with metabolomics analysis indicating potential therapeutic pathways for myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiyele Mu
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Hongzhen Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Huifang Li
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Lan Feng
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Na Ta
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Ling Ling
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Li Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Rure A
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
| | - Almaz Borjigidai
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Center on Translational Neuroscience, School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yipeng Pan
- Department of Transplantation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China
| | - Minghai Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Tropical Medicine Innovation and Transformation of Ministry of Education, Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmacy, Hainan Medical University, Haikou 571199, China
- NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Mongolian Medicine), School of Mongolian Medicine, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao 028000, China
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Seck I, Ndoye SF, Kapchoup MVK, Nguemo F, Ciss I, Ba LA, Ba A, Sokhna S, Seck M. Effects of plant extracts and derivatives on cardiac K +, Nav, and Ca v channels: a review. Nat Prod Res 2024:1-28. [PMID: 38586947 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2024.2337112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Natural products (NPs) are endless sources of compounds for fighting against several pathologies. Many dysfunctions, including cardiovascular disorders, such as cardiac arrhythmias have their modes of action regulation of the concentration of electrolytes inside and outside the cell targeting ion channels. Here, we highlight plant extracts and secondary metabolites' effects on the treatment of related cardiac pathologies on hERG, Nav, and Cav of cardiomyocytes. The natural product's pharmacology of expressed receptors like alpha-adrenergic receptors causes an influx of Ca2+ ions through receptor-operated Ca2+ ion channels. We also examine the NPs associated with cardiac contractions such as myocardial contractility by reducing the L-type calcium current and decreasing the intracellular calcium transient, inhibiting the K+ induced contractions, decreasing amplitude of myocyte shortening and showed negative ionotropic and chronotropic effects due to decreasing cytosolic Ca2+. We examine whether the NPs block potassium channels, particular the hERG channel and regulatory effects on Nav1.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Seck
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination Organique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Samba Fama Ndoye
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Filomain Nguemo
- Institute of Neurophysiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ismaila Ciss
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Lalla Aicha Ba
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Abda Ba
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Seynabou Sokhna
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Matar Seck
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Thérapeutique, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal
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Rathore A, Sharma AK, Murti Y, Bansal S, Kumari V, Snehi V, Kulshreshtha M. Medicinal Plants in the Treatment of Myocardial Infarction Disease: A Systematic Review. Curr Cardiol Rev 2024; 20:15-38. [PMID: 38685783 PMCID: PMC11327834 DOI: 10.2174/011573403x278881240405044328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI), also referred to as a "heart attack," is brought on by a partial or total interruption of blood supply to the myocardium. Myocardial infarction can be "silent," go undiagnosed, or it can be a catastrophic occurrence that results in hemodynamic decline and untimely death. In recent years, herbal remedies for MI have become effective, secure, and readily accessible. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this review was to examine the medicinal plants and phytochemicals that have been used to treat MI in order to assess the potential contribution of natural substances to the development of herbal MI treatments. METHODOLOGY A literature search was employed to find information utilizing electronic databases, such as Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Sci Finder, Reaxys, and Cochrane. RESULTS The identification of 140 plants from 12 families led to the abstraction of data on the plant families, parts of the plant employed, chemical contents, extracts, model used, and dose. CONCLUSION The majority of the MI plants, according to the data, belonged to the Fabaceae (11%) and Asteraceae (9%) families, and the most prevalent natural components in plants with MI were flavonoids (43%), glucosides (25%), alkaloids (23%), phenolic acid (19%), saponins (15%), and tannins (12%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamika Rathore
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anuj Kumar Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Yogesh Murti
- G.L.A. University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sonal Bansal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vibha Kumari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Varsha Snehi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mayank Kulshreshtha
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajiv Academy for Pharmacy, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zhao BH, Ruze A, Zhao L, Li QL, Tang J, Xiefukaiti N, Gai MT, Deng AX, Shan XF, Gao XM. The role and mechanisms of microvascular damage in the ischemic myocardium. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:341. [PMID: 37898977 PMCID: PMC11073328 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04998-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Following myocardial ischemic injury, the most effective clinical intervention is timely restoration of blood perfusion to ischemic but viable myocardium to reduce irreversible myocardial necrosis, limit infarct size, and prevent cardiac insufficiency. However, reperfusion itself may exacerbate cell death and myocardial injury, a process commonly referred to as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, which primarily involves cardiomyocytes and cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) and is characterized by myocardial stunning, microvascular damage (MVD), reperfusion arrhythmia, and lethal reperfusion injury. MVD caused by I/R has been a neglected problem compared to myocardial injury. Clinically, the incidence of microvascular angina and/or no-reflow due to ineffective coronary perfusion accounts for 5-50% in patients after acute revascularization. MVD limiting drug diffusion into injured myocardium, is strongly associated with the development of heart failure. CMECs account for > 60% of the cardiac cellular components, and their role in myocardial I/R injury cannot be ignored. There are many studies on microvascular obstruction, but few studies on microvascular leakage, which may be mainly due to the lack of corresponding detection methods. In this review, we summarize the clinical manifestations, related mechanisms of MVD during myocardial I/R, laboratory and clinical examination means, as well as the research progress on potential therapies for MVD in recent years. Better understanding the characteristics and risk factors of MVD in patients after hemodynamic reconstruction is of great significance for managing MVD, preventing heart failure and improving patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang-Hao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Amanguli Ruze
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Qiu-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Nilupaer Xiefukaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Min-Tao Gai
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - An-Xia Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Xue-Feng Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asian, Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Clinical Medical Research Institute of Xinjiang Medical University, 137 Liyushan South Road, Urumqi, 830054, China.
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Medical Animal Model Research, Urumqi, China.
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Ko G, Kim J, Jeon YJ, Lee D, Baek HM, Chang KA. Salvia miltiorrhiza Alleviates Memory Deficit Induced by Ischemic Brain Injury in a Transient MCAO Mouse Model by Inhibiting Ferroptosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040785. [PMID: 37107160 PMCID: PMC10135292 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) has been used in oriental medicine for its neuroprotective effects against cardiovascular diseases and ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic mechanism underlying the effects of SM on stroke using a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model. Our results showed that SM administration significantly attenuated acute brain injury, including brain infarction and neurological deficits, 3 days after tMCAO. This was confirmed by our magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study, which revealed a reduction in brain infarction with SM administration, as well as our magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study, which demonstrated the restoration of brain metabolites, including taurine, total creatine, and glutamate. The neuroprotective effects of SM were associated with the reduction in gliosis and upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), along with the upregulation of phosphorylated STAT3 in post-ischemic brains. SM also reduced the levels of 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and malondialdehyde (MDA), which are markers of lipid peroxidation, induced by oxidative stress upregulation in the penumbra of the tMCAO mouse brain. SM administration attenuated ischemic neuronal injury by inhibiting ferroptosis. Additionally, post-ischemic brain synaptic loss and neuronal loss were alleviated by SM administration, as demonstrated by Western blot and Nissl staining. Moreover, daily administration of SM for 28 days after tMCAO significantly reduced neurological deficits and improved survival rates in tMCAO mice. SM administration also resulted in improvement in post-stroke cognitive impairment, as measured by the novel object recognition and passive avoidance tests in tMCAO mice. Our findings suggest that SM provides neuroprotection against ischemic stroke and has potential as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geon Ko
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Jae Jeon
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghun Lee
- Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Man Baek
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-A Chang
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
- Department of Basic Neuroscience, Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Republic of Korea
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Mahfuz S, Mun HS, Dilawar MA, Ampode KMB, Yang CJ. Potential Role of Protocatechuic Acid as Natural Feed Additives in Farm Animal Production. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:741. [PMID: 35327138 PMCID: PMC8944766 DOI: 10.3390/ani12060741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Restriction on using antibiotics in animal feed that generates demand for antibiotics alternatives in animal breeding. Providing safe food to humans free from the residual effects of antibiotics is a great challenge to animal producers and food-producing industry owners. Medicinal plants and their extracts as feed supplements have been used to promote the growth and health of farm animals for centuries. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a phenolic compound that originated from natural plants. For years, the health-promoting role of PCA has been becoming an attraction of research in nutrition and pharmacy. Thus, it can be used as an active natural feed additive while synthetic antibiotics are illegal to use in animal breeding. However, the practical application of PCA in view of dosages in animal nutrition, together with its mode of action on animal health, is not well known. In this regard, this review study has explored the mode of action of PCA and the feasibility of using those compounds in animal nutrition. This review study concludes that phenolic-rich protocatechuic acid as a natural feed additive may be useful in enhancing antioxidant status, immune function, antimicrobial, intestinal health and growth performance of farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shad Mahfuz
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.M.); (H.-S.M.); (M.A.D.); (K.M.B.A.)
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Hong-Seok Mun
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.M.); (H.-S.M.); (M.A.D.); (K.M.B.A.)
- Department of Multimedia Engineering, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Muhammad Ammar Dilawar
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.M.); (H.-S.M.); (M.A.D.); (K.M.B.A.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Korea
| | - Keiven Mark B. Ampode
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.M.); (H.-S.M.); (M.A.D.); (K.M.B.A.)
| | - Chul-Ju Yang
- Animal Nutrition and Feed Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.M.); (H.-S.M.); (M.A.D.); (K.M.B.A.)
- Interdisciplinary Program in IT-Bio Convergence System (BK21 Plus), Sunchon National University, 255 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Korea
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He S, Wang T, Shi C, Wang Z, Fu X. Network pharmacology-based approach to understand the effect and mechanism of Danshen against anemia. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 282:114615. [PMID: 34509606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danshen, the dried rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge., is widely used to treat cardio-cerebrovascular diseases in China. However, its role in nourishing blood, which has been detailed in historical literature for thousands of years, is perpetually disputed in the academic field. Moreover, there is no systematic research on Danshen in treating anemia. This research aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of Danshen on anemia in a zebrafish model based on the results of a network pharmacology study. MATERIALS AND METHODS The network pharmacology study was based on the screening of chemical components and related targets from TCMSP and SwissADME database. The genes associated with anemia were obtained from DisgeNet database, and the genes with the intersection of Danshen target genes were screened out. The Cytoscape 3.7.2 software package was used to construct the "ingredient-target-pathway" network. The exploration of target interaction by String system and the enrichment analysis by Metascape system, was used to discover the possible anti-anemia action mechanism of Danshen. Then, a zebrafish anemia model was induced by vinorelbine followed by the administration of aqueous/ethanol extract of Danshen in contrast to SiWu Decoction (SWD), which is generally acknowledged as a positive drug for tonifying blood. Afterward, the red blood cell signal, cardiac output, and blood flow velocity were detected to evaluate their blood-enriching effects. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to analyze the mRNA levels of hematopoietic-related factors, which were predicted in network pharmacology. RESULTS Compounds and target screening hinted that 115 chemical targets from Danshen were related to anemia, KEGG pathway enrichment results suggested that the mechanism of Danshen in treating anemia was significantly related to the Jak-STAT signaling pathway. Pharmacodynamic results showed that aqueous extract of Danshen (DSAE) and ethanol extract of Danshen (DSEE) markedly enhanced the number of red blood cells, cardiac output, and blood flow velocity. Compared with DSAE, DSEE exerted anti-anemia effects at a lower dose; however, along with higher toxicity. PCR data demonstrated that DSAE and DSEE treatment both upregulated the mRNA expression of erythroid hematopoiesis-related factors in the Epo-JAK-STAT signaling pathway, such as Gata-1, Epo, EpoR, Jak2, STAT3, and STAT5. In general, DSAE exhibited higher activation of this signaling than DSEE. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that DSAE and DSEE both possess blood-enriching functions related with their ability to promote Jak-STAT signaling. DSAE exerted lower toxicity and attenuated anemia over a wider dose range than DSEE, which suggests that DSAE may be more suitable for the treatment for anemia. These results presented experimental evidence for the clinical use of Danshen as an intervention for anemia, especially in chemotherapy-induced anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan He
- School of Pharmacology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Journal Editorial Board of Science and Technology Department, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Congwei Shi
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355, Shandong, PR China
| | - Zhenguo Wang
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Xianjun Fu
- Institute for Literature and Culture of Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 250355, Shandong, PR China; Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Center, Qingdao Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao, 266114, Shandong, PR China; Shandong Engineering and Technology Research Center on Omics of Traditional Chinese Medicine Jinan, 250355, Shandong, PR China.
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9
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Sunthudlakhar P, Sithisarn P, Rojsanga P, Jarikasem S. HPLC quantitative analysis of protocatechuic acid contents in 11 Phellinus mushroom species collected in Thailand. BRAZ J PHARM SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/s2175-97902022e20656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Siripen Jarikasem
- Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Thailand
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10
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Liang Q, He J, Zhao X, Xue Y, Zuo H, Xu R, Jin Y, Wang J, Li Q, Zhao X. Selective Discovery of GPCR Ligands within DNA-Encoded Chemical Libraries Derived from Natural Products: A Case Study on Antagonists of Angiotensin II Type I Receptor. J Med Chem 2021; 64:4196-4205. [PMID: 33784102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have failed to meet the urgent need for drug discovery in recent decades due to limited resources, necessitating new strategies for re-establishing the key role of natural products in hit screening. This work introduced DNA-encoding techniques into the synthesis of phenolic acid-focused libraries containing 32 000 diverse compounds. Online selection of the library using immobilized angiotensin II type I receptor (AT1R) resulted in seven phenolic acid derivatives. The half-maximal concentration (IC50) of hit 1 for the right shift of the [125I]-Sar1-AngII competition curve was 19.6 nM. Pharmacological examination of renovascular hypertensive rats demonstrated that hit 1 significantly lowered the blood pressure of the animals without changing their heart rates. These results were used to create a general strategy for rapid and unbiased discovery of hits derived from natural products with high throughput and efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jianyu He
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yan Xue
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Haiyue Zuo
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ru Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yan Jin
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qian Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Xinfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
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11
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Guo R, Li L, Su J, Li S, Duncan SE, Liu Z, Fan G. Pharmacological Activity and Mechanism of Tanshinone IIA in Related Diseases. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4735-4748. [PMID: 33192051 PMCID: PMC7653026 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s266911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza: (Danshen) is a significant (traditional Chinese medication) natural remedy, enhancing blood circulation and clear blood stasis. In this view, it is widely used against several heart diseases, eg, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and congenital heart defects. Tanshinone IIA (tan-IIA) is the main fat-soluble component of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Modern pharmacological study shows that tan-IIA has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Tan-IIA induces remarkable cardioprotective effects via enhancing angiogenesis which may serve as an effective treatment against cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There is also evidence that tan-IIA has extensive immunomodulatory effects and plays a significant role in the development and function of immune cells. Tan-IIA reduces the production of inflammatory mediators and restores abnormal signaling pathways via regulating the function and activation of immune cells. It can also regulate signal transduction pathways, ie, TLR/NF-κB pathway and MAPKs/NF-κB pathway, thereby tan-IIA has an anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antithrombotic and neuroprotective role. It plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders (ie, atherosclerosis, hypertension) and Alzheimer’s disease. It has also been revealed that tan-IIA has an anti-tumor role by killing various tumor cells, inducing differentiation and apoptosis, and has potential activity against carcinoma progression. In the review of this fact, the tan-IIA role in different diseases and its mechanism have been summarized while its clinical applications are also explored to provide a new perspective of Salvia miltiorrhiza. An extensive study on the mechanism of action of tan-IIA is of great significance for the effective use of Chinese herbal medicine and the promotion of its status and influence on the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Su
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sheng Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Sophia Esi Duncan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Translational Research of TCM Prescription and Syndrome, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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12
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Zhao F, Bai R, Li J, Feng X, Jiao S, Wuken S, Ge F, Zhang Q, Zhou X, Tu P, Chai X. Meconopsis horridula Hook. f. & Thomson extract and its alkaloid oleracein E exert cardioprotective effects against acute myocardial ischaemic injury in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 258:112893. [PMID: 32387233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Meconopsis horridula Hook. f. & Thomson (MH) is a traditional Tibetan medicine used to promote blood circulation, remove bruises, remove stasis and relieve chest pain which benefit to cardiovascular diseases. Oleracein E (OE), a major tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloid, can be isolated from MH ethanol extract. The antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects of OE have been reported by previous pharmacological research. The objective of this article was to investigate the cardioprotective effects of MH extract and OE in an ICR mouse of acute myocardial ischaemic injury. A left anterior descending (LAD) artery ligation mouse model of AMI was established. In vivo, cardiac function after MH and OE treatment was determined through measurement of EF, FS, LVEDd, and LVEDs by echocardiography. The levels of SOD, MDA, CK-MB and LDH in serum were also detected. A TUNEL assay was used to verify apoptosis. Changes in collagen deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration in ischemic myocardial tissue were observed by histopathological examination. In vitro, H9c2 cells were pre-treated with OE for 6 h, and then cultured in serum-free medium with H2O2 for 2 h. CCK8 assay measured cell viability, and flow cytometry determined apoptosis levels and ROS content. The mechanism was explored by western blotting. These results showed that MH and OE significantly affected acute myocardial ischaemia by improving cardiac function and that OE downregulated the expression of related proteins in the MAPK signalling pathway. These findings provide substantial evidence of MH may applicate in clinic, and indicate that such medicines have potential value for the treatment of ischaemia-induced heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Ruifeng Bai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Junjun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shungang Jiao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shana Wuken
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Fuxing Ge
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xingyun Chai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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13
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Qu C, Xu DQ, Yue SJ, Shen LF, Zhou GS, Chen YY, Wang XP, Bai JQ, Liu F, Tang YP, Zhao BC, Duan JA. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of Danshen in isoproterenol-induced acute myocardial ischemic injury combined with Honghua. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 247:112284. [PMID: 31604137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Herb pair, the most fundamental and simplest form of herb compatibility, serves as the basic building block of traditional Chinese medicine formulae. The Danshen-Honghua herb pair (DH), composed of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (Danshen in Chinese) and Carthami Flos (Honghua in Chinese), has remarkable clinical efficacy to cure cardio-cerebrovascular diseases. This study was designed to investigate the pharmacodynamics of DH in comparison with single herbs and pharmacokinetics of DH relative to Danshen in acute myocardial ischemic injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into control, model and drug treated groups. The acute myocardial ischemia rat model was induced by administering 85 mg/kg/d isoproterenol (ISO) subcutaneously for two consecutive days. For pharmacodynamic study, histopathological and biochemical analysis were performed to assess the anti-myocardial ischemic effects. While for pharmacokinetic study, a UPLC-MS/MS method was developed for determination of nine main active ingredients, namely danshensu, protocatechuic acid, protocatechualdehyde, caffeic acid, lithospermic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, salvianolic acid A and salvianolic acid C in rat plasma. RESULTS The histopathological and biochemical analysis revealed that DH exerted enhanced anti-myocardial ischemic effects against the ISO-induced myocardial ischemia compared with single herbs. The pharmacokinetic study indicated that DH could significantly increase the t1/2z of danshensu, Tmax, AUC0-∞ and MRT0-t of protocatechuic acid in comparison with Danshen alone in normal rats, but more importantly elevate systemic exposure level and prolong t1/2z of protocatechualdehyde, caffeic acid, Tmax of danshensu in acute myocardial ischemia rats. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated the greater effects of DH after the compatibility in ISO-induced acute myocardial ischemia rats at pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic levels and provided valuable information for clinical application of herb pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Le-Fei Shen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Gui-Sheng Zhou
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yan-Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Ji-Qing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Shaanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Limited Company, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, State Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation), Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Bu-Chang Zhao
- Shaanxi Buchang Pharmaceutical Limited Company, Xi'an, 710075, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
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14
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Tawfik MK, Ameen AM. Cardioprotective effect of ranolazine in nondiabetic and diabetic male rats subjected to isoprenaline-induced acute myocardial infarction involves modulation of AMPK and inhibition of apoptosis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:661-674. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes increases the sensitivity of myocardium to ischemic damage and impairs response of the myocardium to cardioprotective interventions. The present study aimed to elucidate the potential cardioprotective effect provided by ranolazine during myocardial infarction in nondiabetic and diabetic male rats. As AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) has been shown to be involved in the cellular response to ischemic injury, in this context, the present animal study evaluated the modulating role of ranolazine in the AMPK expression in isoprenaline-induced myocardial ischemic rat model. Male rats were divided into 2 experiments: experiment I and II (nondiabetic and diabetic rats) and assigned to normal control, saline control for isoprenaline, isoprenaline control, and ranolazine-treated groups. Ranolazine administration revealed effectiveness in attenuating the severity of isoprenaline-induced myocardial injury in both nondiabetic and diabetic rats as revealed by ECG signs, histopathological score, and apoptotic markers via abrogating the increments in the inflammatory and oxidative stress markers and modulating AMPK expression. Therefore, the current cardioprotective effect of ranolazine was, at least in part, mediated through inhibition of apoptosis and modulation of AMPK expression, encouraging considering the utility of ranolazine in protection from acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona K. Tawfik
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Angie M. Ameen
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
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15
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Shah SMA, Akram M, Riaz M, Munir N, Rasool G. Cardioprotective Potential of Plant-Derived Molecules: A Scientific and Medicinal Approach. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325819852243. [PMID: 31205459 PMCID: PMC6537262 DOI: 10.1177/1559325819852243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of human civilization, plants have been used in alleviating the human distress and it was recorded for about thousands of years ago that the plants are being used for medicinal purposes. Natural bioactive compounds called phytochemicals are obtained from medicinal plants, vegetables, and fruits, which functions to combat against various ailments. There is dire need to explore the plant biodiversity for its medicinal and pharmacological potentials. Different databases such as Google scholar, Medline, PubMed, and the Directory of Open Access Journals were searched to find the articles describing the cardioprotective function of medicinal plants. Various substances from a variety of plant species are used for the treatment of cardiovascular abnormalities. The cardioprotective plants contain a variety of bioactive compounds, including diosgenin, isoflavones, sulforaphane, carotinized, catechin, and quercetin, have been proved to enhance cardioprotection, hence reducing the risk of cardiac abnormalities. The present review article provides the data on the use of medicinal plants particularly against cardiac diseases and to explore the molecules/phytoconstituents as plant secondary metabolites for their cardioprotective potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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16
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Catalpol pretreatment attenuates cardiac dysfunction following myocardial infarction in rats. Anatol J Cardiol 2019; 19:296-302. [PMID: 29724983 PMCID: PMC6280265 DOI: 10.14744/anatoljcardiol.2018.33230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanisms of catalpol on cardiac function in rats with isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial infarction (MI). Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group, ISO group, catalpol (L, low dose) group, and catalpol (H, high dose) group. Isoproterenol (85 mg/kg) was injected subcutaneously for 2 consecutive days to induce experimental MI. At the end of experiment, the effects of catalpol on cardiac function; apelin levels; apoptosis index; apelin, APJ, Bcl-2, and Bax protein expression; and caspase-3/9 activities were investigated. Results: The rats in the ISO group showed lower left ventricular maximum rate of positive or negative pressure development (±LVdp/dtmax) and left ventricular end-systolic pressure (LVSP) and higher left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) than those in the control group, suggesting severe cardiac dysfunction. Interestingly, catalpol administration significantly ameliorated the ISO-induced cardiac dysfunction. The groups administered low and high dosages catalpol (5 and 10 mg/kg/day, respectively) showed higher ±LVdp/dtmax and LVSP and lower LVEDP than the group administered ISO alone. Catalpol markedly upregulated apelin levels in the plasma and myocardium. Further, catalpol increased the apelin and APJ expression levels in the myocardium of the ISO-treated rats. In addition, catalpol pretreatment inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis as indicated by a decrease in the TUNEL-positive cell percentage, alterations in the Bax and Bcl-2 expression levels, and a decline in caspase-3 and caspase-9 activities. Conclusion: Our results revealed that catalpol can improve cardiac function. Its protective effects may be linked to the enhancement of myocardium contractility, regulation of the apelin/APJ pathway, and inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis.
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17
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Ding M, Guan L, Zhang C, Yang P, Yang H. (3R)‑5,6,7‑trihydroxy‑3‑isopropyl‑3‑methylisochroman‑1‑one attenuates cardiac dysfunction via the apelin/APJ signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:5007-5014. [PMID: 30942406 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) is associated with a high risk of mortality and is a major global health concern. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of (3R)‑5,6,7‑trihydroxy‑3‑isopropyl‑3‑methylisochroman‑1‑one (TIM) against MI induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in a rat model and the underlying mechanisms. Wistar rats were assigned to 4 groups (n=10): The control group received saline treatment; the ISO group received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO (100 mg/kg); and the TIM (low) and TIM (high) groups received an intraperitoneal injection of ISO, plus a 1 and 2 mg/kg dose of TIM orally, respectively. TIM rats were treated with TIM daily for 12 days and received ISO injections on the final 2 days to induce MI. Cardiac function, apoptosis index and protein expression were subsequently determined. The levels of oxidative stress markers were determined by ELISAs, whereas DNA damage was detected using a Cell Death Detection ELISA kit. Gene and protein expression were determined via reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. Following treatment with ISO, the maximum left ventricular contraction/relaxation velocity and left ventricular systolic pressure were significantly decreased, whereas the left ventricular end‑diastolic pressure was increased; however, treatment with TIM significantly ameliorated ISO‑induced cardiac dysfunction. Additionally, TIM treatment significantly decreased oxidative stress and inhibited the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, as determined by a decrease in caspase activities, increased expression of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and reduced expression of cleaved caspase‑3, cleaved caspase‑9 and Bcl‑2‑associated X. Furthermore, treatment with TIM upregulated the levels of apelin in the plasma and myocardium of ISO‑treated rats. The results indicated that TIM protected cardiomyocytes against ISO‑induced MI, potentially via the apelin/apelin receptor signaling pathway. The results of the present study suggested that TIM may be a potential novel therapy for the treatment of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Ding
- Department of Cardiology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Lianyue Guan
- Department of Hepatobiliary‑Pancreatic Surgery, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Chunmei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Cardiology, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
| | - Hailing Yang
- Department of Emergency, China‑Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130033, P.R. China
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18
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Combination of Ligusticum Chuanxiong and Radix Paeonia Promotes Angiogenesis in Ischemic Myocardium through Notch Signalling and Mobilization of Stem Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:7912402. [PMID: 30906416 PMCID: PMC6398078 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7912402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective To study the cardioprotective mechanism by which the combination of Chuanxiong (CX) and Chishao (CS) promotes angiogenesis. Methods Myocardial infarction (MI) mouse models were induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The effects on cardiac function were evaluated in the perindopril tert-butylamine group (PB group) (3 mg/kg/d), CX group (55 mg/kg/d), CS group (55 mg/kg/d), and CX and CS combination (CX-CS) group (27.5 mg/kg/d CX plus 27.5 mg/kg/d CS). RO4929097, an inhibitor of Notch γ secretase, was used (10 mg/kg/d) to explore the role of Notch signalling in the CX-CS-induced promotion of angiogenesis in the myocardial infarcted border zone (IBZ). The left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and percentage of MI area were evaluated with animal ultrasound and Masson staining. The average optical densities (AODs) of CD31 and vWF in the myocardial IBZ were detected by immunofluorescence. Angiogenesis-related proteins including hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α), fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR-1), Notch1 and Notch intracellular domain (NICD), and stem cell mobilization-related proteins including stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR-4), and cardiotrophin1 were detected by western blot analysis. Results Compared with the model group, the CX-CS and PB groups both showed markedly improved LVEF and decreased percentage of MI area after 21 days of treatment. Although the CX group and CS group showed increased LVEF and decreased MI areas compared with the model group, the difference was not significant. The AOD of CD31 in the IBZ in both the model and the CX-CS-I group was markedly reduced compared with that in the sham group. CX-CS significantly increased the CD31 AOD in the IBZ and decreased the AODs of CD31 and vWF in the infarct zone compared with those in the model group. The expression of HIF-1α in both the model group and the CX-CS group was higher than that in the sham group. Compared with the model group, the expression of FGFR-1, SDF-1, cardiotrophin1, Notch1, and NICD was increased in the CX-CS group. Notch1 and NICD expression in the CX-CS-I group was reduced compared with that in the CX-CS group. Conclusions The combination of CX and CS protected cardiomyocytes in the IBZ better than CX or CS alone. The mechanism by which CX-CS protects ischemic myocardium may be related to the proangiogenesis effect of CX-CS exerted through Notch signalling and the mobilization of stem cells to the IBZ.
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Zhang QY, Wang FX, Jia KK, Kong LD. Natural Product Interventions for Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy-Induced Side Effects. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1253. [PMID: 30459615 PMCID: PMC6232953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the common cancer treatments. However, the development of adverse effects resulting from chemotherapy and radiotherapy hinders the clinical use, and negatively reduces the quality of life in cancer patients. Natural products including crude extracts, bioactive components-enriched fractions and pure compounds prepared from herbs as well as herbal formulas have been proved to prevent and treat cancer. Of significant interest, some natural products can reduce chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis, gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hematopoietic system injury, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. This review focuses in detail on the effectiveness of these natural products, and describes the possible mechanisms of the actions in reducing chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced side effects. Recent advances in the efficacy of natural dietary supplements to counteract these side effects are highlighted. In addition, we draw particular attention to gut microbiotan in the context of prebiotic potential of natural products for the protection against cancer therapy-induced toxicities. We conclude that some natural products are potential therapeutic perspective for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced side effects. Further studies are required to validate the efficacy of natural products in cancer patients, and elucidate potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei-Xuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke-Ke Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Salvia miltiorrhiza protects against diabetic nephropathy through metabolome regulation and wnt/β-catenin and TGF-β signaling inhibition. Pharmacol Res 2018; 139:26-40. [PMID: 30395946 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complication of diabetes that is caused by uncontrolled high blood sugar. It has been reported that Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) possesses the ability to prevent kidney damage, although the mechanisms remain unclear. The study was to investigate whether and how SM improved DN injury via regulation of metabolome and the molecular mechanisms. In this study, SD rats were fed a high glucose / high fat diet accompanied by 0.5% glucose water. Three weeks later, the rats were given one intraperitoneal injection of 30 mg/kg STZ each day for three days for DN model. The biochemical indicators and metabolomics of plasma, urine and renal tissue were analyzed. Then the western blotting analysis of renal tissue and glomerular mesangial cells were investigated. The results showed that Salvia miltiorrhiza extracts improved the renal injury and regulation of abnormal glycolipid metabolism. The metabolites in serum, urine and renal tissues have been changed significantly. The involved metabolic pathways mainly include phospholipid, arachidonic acid, and pyrimidine metabolisms. Meanwhile, SM inhibited the relative expression levels of wnt4, β-catenin and TGF-β in renal tissue and high-glucose induced glomerular mesangial cells.
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Xu J, Wei K, Zhang G, Lei L, Yang D, Wang W, Han Q, Xia Y, Bi Y, Yang M, Li M. Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of Chinese Salvia species: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 225:18-30. [PMID: 29935346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The genus Salvia is one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae family. In China, about 40 Salvia species have been used as medicinal plants for treatment of various diseases, specifically hepatic and renal diseases and those of the cardiovascular and immune systems. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review aims to provide systematically organized information on the ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of medicinal Salvia species in China to support their therapeutic potential in the treatment of human diseases. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant information on the Chinese Salvia species was obtained from scientific online databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and SciFinder. Additional information was derived from other literature sources (e.g. Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015 edition, Chinese herbal classic books, PhD and MSc thesis, etc). RESULTS Our comprehensive analysis of the scientific literature indicates that many Chinese Salvia species are valuable and popular herbal medicines with therapeutic potentials to cure various ailments. Phytochemical analyses identified diterpenoids and phenolic acids as the major bioactive substances in Chinese Salvia species. Crude extracts and pure compounds isolated from the Chinese Salvia species exhibited various pharmacological activities, typically targeting the cardiovascular and immune systems and hepatic and renal diseases. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the results from current studies about basic properties of medicinal Salvia species in China, such as active constituents and their mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, underlying molecular mechanisms, toxicology, and efficacy, which are still being studied and explored to achieve integration into medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Xu
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Kunhua Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lujing Lei
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, China
| | - Dawei Yang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Wenle Wang
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, China
| | - Qiheng Han
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuan Xia
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, China
| | - Yaqiong Bi
- Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, China
| | - Min Yang
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Minhui Li
- Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014060, Inner Mongolia, China; Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning, Guangxi 530023, China; Inner Mongolia Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010020, China.
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Pro-apoptosis effects of protocatechuic acid in the early stage of infectious bursal disease virus infection. Microb Pathog 2018; 124:216-222. [PMID: 30145255 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) is a very important small RNA virus in the family of Birnaviridae, which can cause severe immunosuppressive effects and pathological damages in young chickens. It can replicate in bursal lymphocytes and impede the growth and development of B cells, finally causing bursal lymphocytes apoptosis. Previous results have shown that protocatechuic acid (PCA) as an important phenolic compound could effectively improve the survival rate of chickens infected with IBDV. The current study aimed to explore how PCA influenced the pathogenesis of IBDV, especially lymphocyte apoptosis in the process of IBDV infection. The results showed that PCA could effectively alleviate bursal pathological changes at the early stage of IBDV invasion. Moreover, bursal lymphocyte apoptosis for tissue section samples was largely elevated by PCA by using the terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) method while the bursal lymphocyte apoptosis ratio was also increased by PCA by flow cytometry in the early stage of IBDV infection in vivo. Meanwhile, PCA could promote non-lymphocyte apoptosis in vitro. Further study displayed that the potential mechanisms mainly relied on regulation of the expressions of pro-apoptotic protein Bax and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, thus speeding up the process of IBDV-infected cell apoptosis and preventing virus infection. Meanwhile, the results displayed that the PI3K/Akt and NF kappa B signal pathways might play an important role in promoting cell apoptosis after IBDV infection. Overall, PCA as a potent antiviral drug precursor is expected to be applied in the poultry industry as a substitute for clinical antiviral application.
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Allawadhi P, Khurana A, Sayed N, Kumari P, Godugu C. Isoproterenol-induced cardiac ischemia and fibrosis: Plant-based approaches for intervention. Phytother Res 2018; 32:1908-1932. [PMID: 30009418 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Heart is the most active and incumbent organ of the body, which maintains blood flow, but due to various pathological reasons, several acute and chronic cardiac complications arise out of which myocardial infarction is one of the teething problems. Isoproterenol (ISP)-induced myocardial ischemia is a classical model to screen the cardioprotective effects of various pharmacological interventions. Phytochemicals present a novel option for treating various human maladies including those of the heart. A large number of plant products and their active ingredients have been screened for efficacy in ameliorating ISP-induced myocardial ischemia including coriander, curcumin, Momordica, quercetin, and Withania somnifera. These phytochemicals constituents may play key role in preventing disease and help in cardiac remodeling. Reactive oxygen species scavenging, antiinflammatory, and modulation of various molecular pathways such as Nrf2, NFкB, p-21 activated kinase 1 (PAK1), and p-smad2/3 signaling modulation have been implicated behind the claimed protection. In this review, we have provided a focused overview on the utility of ISP-induced cardiotoxicity, myocardial ischemia, and cardiac fibrosis for preclinical research. In addition, we have also surveyed molecular mechanism of various plant-based interventions screened for cardioprotective effect in ISP-induced cardiotoxicity, and their probable mechanistic profile is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Allawadhi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Nilofer Sayed
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Preeti Kumari
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana State, India
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Yu J, Gao H, Wu C, Xu QM, Lu JJ, Chen X. Diethyl Blechnic, a Novel Natural Product Isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Inhibits Doxorubicin-Induced Apoptosis by Inhibiting ROS and Activating JNK1/2. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19061809. [PMID: 29921821 PMCID: PMC6032151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used antineoplastic agent in clinics. However, its clinical application is largely limited by its cardiotoxicity. Diethyl blechnic (DB) is a novel compound isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Here, we study the effect of DB on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and its underlying mechanisms. Cellular viability was tested by 3-[-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and protein level was evaluated by Western blotting. 5,5’,6,6’-tetrachloro-1,1’,3,3’-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining was performed to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Hoechst 33342 staining and TUNEL staining was performed to test the apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was investigated by using flow cytometry. DB significantly inhibited DOX-induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and primary cultured cardiomyocytes. Moreover, DB decreased cell apoptotic morphological changes and reversed the mitochondrial membrane potential induced by DOX. Meanwhile, pre-treatment with DB increased the expression levels of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra-large (Bcl-xl), and survivin and reduced the expression levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), p-p53, cytochrome c (cyt c), and cleaved-caspase 3, 7, 8, 9 in the protein levels in DOX-treated H9c2 cells. Furthermore, DB suppressed ROS generation. The DB-mediated protective effects were accompanied by increased c-Jun N-terminal kinase1/2 (JNK1/2) expression. In addition, SP600125, the inhibitor of JNK1/2, abolished the protective effect of DB. We concluded that DB protected cardiomyocytes against DOX-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting ROS and activating the JNK1/2 pathway. Therefore, DB is a promising candidate as a cardioprotective agent against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China.
| | - Hongwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China.
| | - Chuanhong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China.
| | - Qiong-Ming Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jin-Jian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China.
| | - Xiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau China.
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Li ZM, Xu SW, Liu PQ. Salvia miltiorrhizaBurge (Danshen): a golden herbal medicine in cardiovascular therapeutics. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:802-824. [PMID: 29698387 PMCID: PMC5943903 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 293] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Burge (Danshen) is an eminent medicinal herb that possesses broad cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protective actions and has been used in Asian countries for many centuries. Accumulating evidence suggests that Danshen and its components prevent vascular diseases, in particular, atherosclerosis and cardiac diseases, including myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, arrhythmia, cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis. The published literature indicates that lipophilic constituents (tanshinone I, tanshinone IIa, tanshinone IIb, cryptotanshinone, dihydrotanshinone, etc) as well as hydrophilic constituents (danshensu, salvianolic acid A and B, protocatechuic aldehyde, etc) contribute to the cardiovascular protective actions of Danshen, suggesting a potential synergism among these constituents. Herein, we provide a systematic up-to-date review on the cardiovascular actions and therapeutic potential of major pharmacologically active constituents of Danshen. These bioactive compounds will serve as excellent drug candidates in small-molecule cardiovascular drug discovery. This article also provides a scientific rationale for understanding the traditional use of Danshen in cardiovascular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo-ming Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Suo-wen Xu
- Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Pei-qing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences; National and Local United Engineering Lab of Druggability and New Drugs Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Wang X, Zhang X, Gong T, Zhang Z, Weber L, Wei X. Urinary metabolomics study of Xiangdan submicron emulsions on a rat model of myocardial ischaemia. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Wang L, Ma R, Liu C, Liu H, Zhu R, Guo S, Tang M, Li Y, Niu J, Fu M, Gao S, Zhang D. Salvia miltiorrhiza: A Potential Red Light to the Development of Cardiovascular Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:1077-1097. [PMID: 27748194 PMCID: PMC5421141 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666161010105242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, also known as Danshen in Chinese, has been widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in China and other Asia countries. Here, we summarize literatures of the historical traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) interpretation of the action of Salvia miltiorrhiza, its use in current clinical trials, its main phytochemical constituents and its pharmacological findings by consulting Pubmed, China Knowledge Resource Integrated, China Science and Technology Journal, and the Web of Science Databases. Since 2000, 39 clinical trials have been identified that used S. miltiorrhiza in TCM prescriptions alone or with other herbs for the treatment of patients with CVD. More than 200 individual compounds have been isolated and characterized from S. miltiorrhiza, which exhibited various pharmacological activities targeting different pathways for the treatment of CVD in various animal and cell models. The isolated compounds may provide new perspectives in alternative treatment regimes and reveal novel chemical scaffolds for the development of anti-CVD drugs. Meanwhile, there are also some rising concerns of the potential side effects and drug-drug interactions of this plant. The insights gained from this study will help us to better understanding of the actions of this herb for management of cardiovascular disorders. As an herb of red root, S. miltiorrhiza will act as a potential red light to prevent the development of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rufeng Ma
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chenyue Liu
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Minke Tang
- Chinese Material Medica School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yu Li
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianzhao Niu
- Preclinical Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Min Fu
- The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
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Zhao X, Dou M, Zhang Z, Zhang D, Huang C. Protective effect of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharides on H2O2-induced injury in H9c2 cardiomyocytes. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:72-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Wong ZW, Thanikachalam PV, Ramamurthy S. Molecular understanding of the protective role of natural products on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:1145-1166. [PMID: 28826162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Modern medicine has been used to treat myocardial infarction, a subset of cardiovascular diseases, and have been relatively effective but not without adverse effects. Consequently, this issue has stimulated interest in the use of natural products, which may be equally effective and better tolerated. Many studies have investigated the cardioprotective effect of natural products, such as plant-derived phytochemicals, against isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial damage; these have produced promising results on the basis of their antioxidant, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities. This review briefly introduces the pathophysiology of myocardial infarction (MI) and then addresses the progress of natural product research towards its treatment. We highlight the promising applications and mechanisms of action of plant extracts, phytochemicals and polyherbal formulations towards the treatment of ISO-induced myocardial damage. Most of the products displayed elevated antioxidant levels with decreased oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, along with restoration of ionic balance and lowered expression of myocardial injury markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and apoptotic parameters. Likewise, lipid profiles were positively altered and histopathological improvements could be seen from, for example, the better membrane integrity, decreased necrosis, edema, infarct size, and leukocyte infiltration. This review highlights promising results towards the amelioration of ISO-induced myocardial damage, which suggest the direction for future research on natural products that could be used to treat MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wei Wong
- International Medical University, 126, Jln Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Srinivasan Ramamurthy
- International Medical University, 126, Jln Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Wang L, Yu J, Fordjour PA, Xing X, Gao H, Li Y, Li L, Zhu Y, Gao X, Fan G. Danshen injection prevents heart failure by attenuating post-infarct remodeling. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 205:22-32. [PMID: 28465251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Danshen Injection (DSI) is a traditional Chinese medicine extracted from Danshen, prepared from the dried root and rhizome of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. Danshen is an ancient antipyretic traditional Chinese medicine which is mostly used to improve blood circulation and dispel blood stasis. Danshen decoction or liquor-fried Danshen (with grain-based liquor) which is cool in nature is traditionally used to 'cool the blood' and reduce the swelling of sores and abscesses. AIM OF STUDY The present study aimed to examine the effect and mechanism of DSI in LAD induced heart injury. MATERIALS AND METHODS One day after LAD surgery, adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to 3 groups: MI group; DSI group (1.5ml/kg/d, intramuscular); and Valsartan group (10mg/kg/d, intragastric). Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements (Pressure-Volume loop) were performed to evaluate cardiac function. Pathological methods (Masson, and Sirus red staining) were used to check myocardial fibrosis. Western blotting assay was used to detect the protein expression of MMP-2. RT-PCR was used to detect the gene expression of MMP-9, MPO, iNOS, Bcl-2 and Bax. RESULTS DSI administration to LAD rats resulted in improved cardiac functions, hemodynamic parameters and normalized ventricular mass. Furthermore, DSI-treated group demonstrated potential regulation of myocardial collagen I and III deposition associated with MMP-2 expression. Also, DSI administration decreased gene expression of iNOS, MPO and MMP-9, and increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. CONCLUSION Myocardial fibrosis, cardiac hypertrophy, hemodynamic deterioration as well as systolic and diastolic dysfunctions which characterize a failing hearts were significantly prevented by DSI. Our study may provide future directions to focus on the anti-hypertrophic mechanisms of DSI and pathological roles played by MMP-2 in myocardial hypertrophy. Meanwhile, DSI also performed the effect of anti-inflammation by the way of decreasing iNOS and MPO. The way Danshen Injection increasing Bcl-2/Bax presented the possibility that it may has the effect of inhibiting cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Jiahui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Patrick Asare Fordjour
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Xiaoxue Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Hui Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Lingyan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Medicine, Nankai District, Tianjin, PR China.
| | - Guanwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, PR China; Medical Experiment Center, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NanKai District, Tianjin, PR China.
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Sadeghzadeh J, Vakili A, Bandegi AR, Sameni HR, Zahedi Khorasani M, Darabian M. Lavandula Reduces Heart Injury via Attenuating Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Oxidative Stress in A Rat Model of Infarct-Like Myocardial Injury. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 19:84-93. [PMID: 28367419 PMCID: PMC5241520 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective Lavender is used in herbal medicine for different therapeutic purposes. Nonetheless, potential therapeutic effects of this plant in ischemic heart disease and its possible
mechanisms remain to be investigated.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, lavender oil at doses of 200, 400
or 800 mg/kg was administered through gastric gavage for 14 days before infarct-like
myocardial injury (MI). The carotid artery and left ventricle were cannulated to record
arterial blood pressure (BP) and cardiac function. At the end of experiment, the heart was
removed and histopathological alteration, oxidative stress biomarkers as well as tumor
necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) level were evaluated.
Results Induction of M.I caused cardiac dysfunction, increased levels of lipid peroxidation, TNF-α and troponin I in heart tissue (P<0.001). Pretreatment with lavender oil at
doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly reduced myocardial injury, troponin I and TNF-α.
In addition, it improved cardiac function and antioxidant enzyme activity (P<0.01).
Conclusion Our finding showed that lavender oil has cardioprotective effect through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory pathway in the rat model with infarct-like MI.
We suggest that lavender oil may be helpful in prevention or attenuation of heart injury in
patients with high risk of myocardial infarction and/or ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Sadeghzadeh
- Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Abedin Vakili
- Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Bandegi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Sameni
- Research Center of Nervous System Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Zahedi Khorasani
- Research Center and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mohsen Darabian
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Salimikia I, Reza Monsef-Esfahani H, Gohari AR, Salek M. Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Salvia chloroleuca Aerial Extracts. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e24836. [PMID: 27761269 PMCID: PMC5056592 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.24836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background Salvia, known as Maryam Goli in the Persian language, is an important genus that includes approximately 900 species in the Lamiaceae family. There are 58 Salvia species growing naturally in Iran, including Salvia chloroleuca Rech. f. and Allen., which grows wild in the northeastern and central parts of the country. Objectives This study was designed to determine the chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant activity, and total phenol content of various extracts of S. chloroleuca. Materials and Methods Dried aerial parts of the plant were crushed, then sequentially extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The fractions of S. chloroleuca were subjected to silica gel column chromatography and Sephedex LH-20. The antioxidant activities of these extracts were measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and the total phenolic contents of the extracts were evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Results The separation and purification processes were carried out using different chromatographic methods. Structural elucidation was on the basis 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data, in comparison with that reported in the literature. The isolated compounds were salvigenin (1), luteolin (2), cirsiliol (3), β-sitosterol (4), and daucosterol (5). Ethyl acetate extract displayed the highest level of total antioxidants and total polyphenols compared to the other analyzed extracts (n-hexane and methanol). In the FRAP assay, ethyl acetate extract had the highest (230.4±10.5) FRAP value, followed by methanol (211.4 ± 8.3) and n-hexane (143.4 ± 12.04). Total phenol contents were calculated to be 13.8 ± 0.3, 58.25 ± 0.05, and 43.48 ± 0.38 mg of gallic acid/100 g in the n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts, respectively. Conclusions The above-mentioned compounds were isolated for the first time from S. chloroleuca. The antioxidant activity of this plant could be in part related to isolated flavonoids and sterols. The results of this study indicated that S. chloroleuca could be an important dietary source of phenolic compounds with high antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Salimikia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Monsef-Esfahani
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Gohari
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Ahmad Reza Gohari, Medicinal Plants Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel/Fax: +98-2164122330, E-mail:
| | - Mehrnoosh Salek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, IR Iran
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Zhongdanyaozhi No. 1 and Zhongdanyaozhi No. 2 Are Hybrid Cultivars of Salvia miltiorrhiza with High Yield and Active Compounds Content. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162691. [PMID: 27658029 PMCID: PMC5033597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is an important medicinal plant used for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Intraspecific hybridization between a male sterile line and inbred lines was followed by 39 F1 crossings. Cultivars “Zhongdanyaozhi No. 1” (ZD1) and “Zhongdanyaozhi No. 2” (ZD2) were obtained. In 2012 and 2013 tests in Beijing, the two cultivars were compared with three widely accepted types, SDCK, SXCK and HNCK from Shandong, Shanxi and Henan provinces. The yield of ZD1 and ZD2 exceeded the three CKs by more than 48.2% and 39.2%, respectively; the composition of the two hybrid cultivars was similar to the control, although the content of some compounds varied to some extent. The content of salvianolic acid B and tanshinone II A of both ZD1 and ZD2 could measure up the requirement of Chinese Pharmacopoeia. The former showed no obvious advantage than the three CKs, while the later’s tanshinone II A was 29.6% higher than the three CKs. Taken together, ZD1 is a high yielding and thick-root-type cultivar which is suitable for decoction pieces; while ZD2 is suitable for component especially lipophilic component extraction. ZD1 and ZD2 reported here are the first cultivars obtained by the hybridization of S. miltiorrhiza.
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Cao Y, Wang J, Su G, Wu Y, Bai R, Zhang Q, Gao X, Li C, Chen S, Tu P, Chai X. Anti-myocardial ischemia effect of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. by inhibiting expression of cyclooxygenase-1 and -2 in myocardial tissues of mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 187:259-268. [PMID: 27130642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The peeled stem of Syringa pinnatifolia Hemsl. (SP) is a traditional medicine in Inner Mongolia, China. The powder form of SP has been widely used for hundreds of years to relieve "He-Yi" related myocardial ischemia independently or in a traditional Chinese medicine preparation. MATERIALS AND METHODS SP was extracted with 95% and 80% ethanol. Chemical profiling was performed using HPLC-DAD and IT-TOF-ESI-MS analyses. Myocardial ischemia was produced by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery to evaluate the anti-myocardial ischemia effect of SP. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups (n=10 per group): a sham group, a model group, groups pretreated with SP at three dosages (20mg/kg, 40mg/kg, and 80mg/kg, intragastrically), and a positive control group (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA, 53mg/kg, intragastrically). Echocardiography was performed to determine heart function by measuring ejection fraction and fractional shortening. The levels of creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum, and 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2 both in plasma and in protein homogenate of myocardial tissue were also measured. The levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 and -2 in the heart tissue and their expressions in mouse myocardial tissue were determined using Western blot and an immunofluorescence assay, respectively. Inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition changes in the myocardial ischemic tissue were observed by pathological examination. RESULTS Intragastric pretreatment with SP produced a dose-dependent increase in cardiac function. SP at 80mg/kg significantly improved the EF (p<0.001) and FS (p<0.01) compared with the model group, as well as the levels of serum CK-MB and LDH decreased obviously (p<0.001), approaching those in the sham group. Besides, an obvious reduction in inflammatory cells infiltration and collagen deposition in the infarcted myocardial tissue was shown in each SP treatment group. In addition, SP increased 6-keto-PGF1α and decreased TXB2 levels in the plasma, whereas the opposite pattern was observed in the protein homogenate from the myocardial tissues at the infarction edge, but keeping balance the ratio of 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2, which is better than ASA in plasma. The mechanisms is associated with the downregulated expressions of COX-1 (p<0.05) and COX-2 (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Ethanol extract of SP has a protective effect against myocardial ischemia via down regulation of COX-1 and COX-2 expression and by adjusting the ischemia-induced imbalance between 6-keto-PGF1α and TXB2. This study shows substantial evidence to support the clinical application of SP and indicates that such medicine has great potential for treating ischemia-induced heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Guozhu Su
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Yan Wu
- Center of Scientific Experiment, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ruifeng Bai
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Chun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Suyile Chen
- Alashan Mongolian Hospital, Alashan East Banner of Alashan, Inner Mongolia 750306, PR China
| | - Pengfei Tu
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xingyun Chai
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Khairnar U, Upaganlawar A, Upasani C. Ameliorative Effect of Chronic Supplementation of Protocatechuic Acid Alone and in Combination with Ascorbic Acid in Aniline Hydrochloride Induced Spleen Toxicity in Rats. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:4306984. [PMID: 27418998 PMCID: PMC4935924 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4306984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Background. Present study was designed to evaluate the protective effects of protocatechuic acid alone and in combination with ascorbic acid in aniline hydrochloride induced spleen toxicity in rats. Materials and Methods. Male Wistar rats of either sex (200-250 g) were used and divided into different groups. Spleen toxicity was induced by aniline hydrochloride (100 ppm) in drinking water for a period of 28 days. Treatment group received protocatechuic acid (40 mg/kg/day, p.o.), ascorbic acid (40 mg/kg/day, p.o.), and combination of protocatechuic acid (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) and ascorbic acid (20 mg/kg/day, p.o.) followed by aniline hydrochloride. At the end of treatment period serum and tissue parameters were evaluated. Result. Rats supplemented with aniline hydrochloride showed a significant alteration in body weight, spleen weight, feed consumption, water intake, hematological parameters (haemoglobin content, red blood cells, white blood cells, and total iron content), tissue parameters (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione, and nitric oxide content), and membrane bound phosphatase (ATPase) compared to control group. Histopathology of aniline hydrochloride induced spleen showed significant damage compared to control rats. Treatment with protocatechuic acid along with ascorbic acid showed better protection as compared to protocatechuic acid or ascorbic acid alone in aniline hydrochloride induced spleen toxicity. Conclusion. Treatment with protocatechuic acid and ascorbic acid in combination showed significant protection in aniline hydrochloride induced splenic toxicity in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Khairnar
- SNJB's SSDJ College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad 42310, India
| | - Aman Upaganlawar
- SNJB's SSDJ College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad 42310, India
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Danhong Promotes Angiogenesis in Diabetic Mice after Critical Limb Ischemia by Activation of CSE-H 2 S-VEGF Axis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:276263. [PMID: 26491459 PMCID: PMC4605378 DOI: 10.1155/2015/276263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to investigate effect and mechanism of Danhong injection (DH) on angiogenesis in the diabetic hind limb ischemia mouse model. Thirty diabetic hind limb ischemic model mice and ten normal mice, established by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of streptozotocin (STZ) or PBS and ligation/excision of femoral artery, and then twenty diabetic hind limb ischemic model mice of all were evenly randomized to saline (control, n = 10) and DH i.p. injection (2 mL/kg weight for 7 days, n = 10) groups. Limb perfusion recovery and femoral blood hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and vessel regeneration and lower limb vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) expression were evaluated during intervention and after euthanasia, respectively. DH i.p. increased ischemic limb perfusion and promoted collateral circulation generation without decreasing blood glucose level. Increased local CSE-H2S-VEGF expression contributed to beneficial effects of DH injection. In conclusion, activation of local CSE-H2S-VEGF axis might participate in proangiogenesis effects of DH injection in diabetic hind limb ischemia model mice, suggesting a potential therapy for diabetic patients with critical limb ischemia.
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Xiong F, Wang H, Feng Y, Li Y, Hua X, Pang X, Zhang S, Song L, Zhang Y, Gu N. Cardioprotective activity of iron oxide nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8579. [PMID: 25716309 PMCID: PMC4341209 DOI: 10.1038/srep08579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are chemically inert materials and have been mainly used for imaging applications and drug deliveries. However, the possibility whether they can be used as therapeutic drugs themselves has not yet been explored. We reported here that Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) can protect hearts from ischemic damage at the animal, tissue and cell level. The cardioprotective activity of Fe2O3 NPs requires the integrity of nanoparticles and is not dependent upon their surface charges and molecules that were integrated into nanoparticles. Also, Fe2O3 NPs showed no significant toxicity towards normal cardiomyocytes, indicative of their potential to treat cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Hao Wang
- State of Key laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yidong Feng
- State of Key laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yunman Li
- State of Key laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xingyun Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Lina Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Ning Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou, Nanjing 210096, China
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Shu T, Pang M, Rong L, Zhou W, Wang J, Liu C, Wang X. Effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on neural differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:233-241. [PMID: 24568774 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia miltiorrhiza, a well-known traditional Chinese medicine, is commonly used to treat some neurological diseases because of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. We investigate whether Salvia miltiorrhiza can improve the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) into neurons in vitro, and promote iPSCs-derived neural stem cells survival, integrate, and differentiation after their transplantation to the ischemic brain tissues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Induced pluripotent stem cells were used to differentiate into neural stem cells, and further into neurons in induction medium with various concentrations of Salvia miltiorrhiza. The effects were assessed by immunofluorescence staining, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting. iPSC-derived neural stem cells were transplanted into the brains of rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion, immunofluorescence staining was used to evaluate survival, integrate, and differentiation of grafted cells, the functional recovery of the animals was tested by the Longa scores and spontaneous motor activity. RESULTS Salvia miltiorrhiza (5μg/ml) significantly increased the gene and protein expression of Nestin compared with that in other groups. Microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) expression in induction medium with 5μg/ml Salvia miltiorrhiza was significantly higher than that in the control group. After cells transplantation into the ischemic brain, more grafted MAP2(+) cells were found in Salvia miltiorrhiza-treated rats than others at 7 days. Salvia miltiorrhiza-treated rats showed the most remarkable functional recovery at 7 and 14 days. CONCLUSION Salvia miltiorrhiza induces differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells to differentiate into neurons efficiently. The plant provides neuroprotection to implanted cells and improves functional recovery after their transplantation to the ischemic brain tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Mao Pang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Limin Rong
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Baiyun Women׳s and Children׳s Hospital, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630, China
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Wei G, Guan Y, Yin Y, Duan J, Zhou D, Zhu Y, Quan W, Xi M, Wen A. Anti-inflammatory effect of protocatechuic aldehyde on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo and in vitro. Inflammation 2014; 36:592-602. [PMID: 23269534 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-012-9581-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury, in which inflammatory response plays a vital role, is frequently encountered in clinical practice. The present study was aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect and the possible mechanism of protocatechuic aldehyde (PAl) on MI/R injury both in vivo and in vitro. The rat model of MI/R injury was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 30 min, followed by 3-h reperfusion, and pretreatment with PAl could protect the heart from MI/R injury by reducing myocardial infarct size and the activities of creatine kinase-MB and cardiac troponin I (cTn-I) in serum. Also, PAl administration markedly reduced cellular injury induced by simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, which was evidenced by increased cell viability, reduced lactate dehydrogenase and cTn-I activities in the culture medium, and greatly decreased percentage of cell apoptosis. Moreover, the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, phosphorylated IκB-α, and the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) were all evidently decreased by PAl both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, these observations suggested that PAl could exert great protective effects against MI/R injury in rats and SI/R injury in cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes, and the cardioprotective mechanism might be involved in the suppression of inflammatory response via inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Kakkar S, Bais S. A review on protocatechuic Acid and its pharmacological potential. ISRN PHARMACOLOGY 2014; 2014:952943. [PMID: 25006494 PMCID: PMC4005030 DOI: 10.1155/2014/952943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 357] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids and polyphenols are heterocyclic molecules that have been associated with beneficial effects on human health, such as reducing the risk of various diseases like cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and brain diseases. Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a type of widely distributed naturally occurring phenolic acid. PCA has structural similarity with gallic acid, caffeic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid which are well-known antioxidant compounds. More than 500 plants contain PCA as active constituents imparting various pharmacological activity and these effects are due to their antioxidant activities, along with other possible mechanisms, such as anti-inflammatory properties and interaction with several enzymes. Over the past two decades, there have been an increasing number of publications on polyphenols and flavonoids, which demonstrate the importance of understanding the chemistry behind the antioxidant activities of both natural and synthesized compounds, considering the benefits from their dietary ingestion as well as pharmacological use. This work aims to review the pharmacological effects of PCA molecules in humans and the structural aspects that contribute to these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Kakkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, Railmajra, District S.B.S. Nagar, Punjab 144533, India
- *Sahil Kakkar:
| | - Souravh Bais
- Department of Pharmacology, Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, Railmajra, District S.B.S. Nagar, Punjab 144533, India
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Effects and mechanisms of chinese herbal medicine in ameliorating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:925625. [PMID: 24288571 PMCID: PMC3833114 DOI: 10.1155/2013/925625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MIR) injury is a major contributor to the morbidity and mortality associated with coronary artery disease, which accounts for approximately 450,000 deaths a year in the United States alone. Chinese herbal medicine, especially combined herbal formulations, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of myocardial infarction for hundreds of years. While the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine is well documented, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In this review, we highlight recent studies which are focused on elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms using extracted compounds, single herbs, or herbal formulations in experimental settings. These studies represent recent efforts to bridge the gap between the enigma of ancient Chinese herbal medicine and the concepts of modern cell and molecular biology in the treatment of myocardial infarction.
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Wang X, Xiang Y, Ren Z, Zhang Y, Qiao Y. Rational questing for inhibitors of endothelin converting enzyme-1 from Salvia miltiorrhiza by combining ligand- and structure-based virtual screening. CAN J CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1139/cjc-2012-0523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a virtual screening approach based on pharmacophore and molecular docking was proposed to identify endothelin converting enzyme-1 (ECE-1) (EC 3.4.24.71) inhibitors from Salvia miltiorrhiza. First, the pharmacophore models were generated to recognize the common features of the ECE-1 inhibitors. The models were validated by a test database composed by a set of compounds known as ECE-1 inhibitors and nonactive compounds and proven to be successful in discriminating active and inactive inhibitors. Then, the best pharmacophore model was used to screen the compounds from S. miltiorrhiza. Furthermore, the Surflex-Dock procedure was used for molecular docking. All compounds from S. miltiorrhiza were docked into the active site of the target protein. An empirical scoring function was used to evaluate the affinity of the compounds and the target protein. Comparing the virtual screening results based on pharmacophore and molecular docking, respectively, 11 communal compounds with higher QFIT and docking score were hit, and the activity of some compounds was validated in the literature. The binding modes between these compounds and the ECE-1 binding site were predicted and used to identify the key interactions that contribute to the inhibitory activity of ECE-1 activity. The results show that the two methods have good consistency and can be validated and supplemented with each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yuhong Xiang
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Zhenzhen Ren
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Yanjiang Qiao
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China
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Clinical pathways based on integrative medicine in chinese hospitals improve treatment outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction: a multicentre, nonrandomized historically controlled trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2012; 2012:821641. [PMID: 23024695 PMCID: PMC3450432 DOI: 10.1155/2012/821641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective. To determine the impact of an integrative medicine clinical pathways (CPs) on the length of in-hospital stay and on outcomes for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods. A multicenter nonrandomized controlled trial enrolling 197 consecutive patients with AMI at eight urban TCM hospitals was conducted between 1 January 2010 and 31 October 2010. These patients were enrolled in the interventional group after the CPs had been implemented. The control group included 405 patients with AMI from eight hospitals; these patients were treated between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2009, before the CPs were implemented. Outcome measures were the length of hospital stay costs of medical care, and major cardiovascular events (MACEs) during hospitalization. Results. Compared with the control group, the patients in intervention group had a shorter length of hospital stay (9.2 ± 4.2 days versus 12.7 ± 8.6 days, P < 0.05), and reduced healthcare costs in hospital (46365.7 ± 18266.9 versus 52866.0 ± 35404.4, P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in MACE between the two groups during the hospitalization period (2.5% versus 6.9%, P = 0.03). Conclusion. These data suggest that the development and implementation of the clinical pathways based in Integrative Medicine could further improve quality of care and outcome for patients with AMI.
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