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Cheng X, Cao L, Sun X, Zhou S, Zhu T, Zheng J, Liu S, Liu H. Metabolomic profile of plasma approach to investigate the mechanism of Poria cocos oligosaccharides attenuated LPS-induced acute lung injury in mice. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 247:116262. [PMID: 38820835 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (PCW) are the dried sclerotia of Poaceae fungus Poria cocos that contain many biological activity ingredients such as polysaccharides and triterpenoids. The carbohydrates from Poria cocos have been proven to possess anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study aimed to investigate the impact and mechanism of Poria cocos oligosaccharides (PCO) protecting mice against acute lung injury (ALI). We examined the histopathological analysis of lung injury, inflammatory, and edema levels to evaluate the benefits of PCO during ALI. As a result, PCO improved the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced lung injury and decreased the inflammatory cytokines of lung tissue. Simultaneously, PCO alleviated lung edema by regulating the expression of aquaporin5 (AQP5) and epithelial Na+ channel protein (ENaC-α). Additionally, untargeted metabolomics was performed on the plasma of ALI mice via HUPLC-Triple-TOF/MS. The results indicated that linoleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid, carnosine, glutamic acid, and 1-methylhistamine were the biomarkers in ALI mice. Besides, metabolic pathway analysis suggested PCO affected the histidine and fatty acid metabolism, which were closely associated with inflammation and oxidative reaction of the host. Consequently, the effects of PCO inhibiting inflammation and edema might relate to the reducing pro-inflammatory mediators and the reverse of abnormal metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Lu Cao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Xiongjie Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Shuhan Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Tianxiang Zhu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Junping Zheng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China
| | - Songlin Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuchang District Huayuanshan 4, Wuhan 430061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource and Chinese Herbal Compound of the Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China; Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuchang District Huayuanshan 4, Wuhan 430061, PR China; Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Resource and Chinese Herbal Compound of the Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, PR China.
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Yang H, Zhao Y, Ren B, Wu Y, Qiu Z, Cheng Y, Qiu B. Poria acid inhibit the growth and metastasis of renal cell carcinoma by inhibiting the PI3K/akt/NF-κb signaling pathway. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31106. [PMID: 38779018 PMCID: PMC11109894 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Poria acid (PAC) is a triterpene compound found in Poria cocos, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The current study aims to explore the therapeutic effects and potential mechanisms of PAC on the migration and proliferation of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells as well as tumor growth in animal model. Methods Cell viability and proliferative capacity of normal renal cells and RCC cells were investigated by MTT assay. In addition, 786-O cells were divided into four groups and treated with different concentrations of PAC (0, 20, 40, and 60 μM) for 48 h. Cell scratch test and cell invasion assay were performed to evaluate the effects of PAC on the invasion and migration of RCC cells, respectively. The effects of PAC on apoptosis of RCC cells and expression levels of PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway-related biomarkers were investigated using TUNEL staining and Western blotting methods, respectively. Effects of PAC on the inhibitory activity of RCC tumor in mice were evaluated in a 786-O CDX model. Results The study found that PAC inhibited the viability of RCC cells in a dose-dependent manner, as demonstrated by in vitro cell assays (p < 0.05). However, PAC showed no significant inhibitory effect on normal renal cells (p > 0.05). PAC also significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of RCC via EMT/MMP signaling pathways (p < 0.05). Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting results showed that PAC induced the apoptosis of RCC, which was accompanied by changes in the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (p < 0.05). Moreover, PAC significantly downregulated the PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway in a concentration-dependent manner (p < 0.05). The effect of PAC on RCC apoptosis was dramatically reversed by 740Y-P (PI3K agonist) (p < 0.05) but significantly enhanced in the presence of LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor) (p < 0.05). The results of in vivo experiment also demonstrated that the antitumor activity of PAC was achieved by affecting the PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway. Conclusions PAC can effectively suppress the proliferation, invasion and migration of RCC cells, and exhibit anti-tumor effects in RCC model by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/NF-kB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Bingnan Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Zhihong Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Yan Cheng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
| | - Bo Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei Key Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang 050051, China
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Chen XJ, Liu SY, Li SM, Feng JK, Hu Y, Cheng XZ, Hou CZ, Xu Y, Hu M, Feng L, Xiao L. The recent advance and prospect of natural source compounds for the treatment of heart failure. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27110. [PMID: 38444481 PMCID: PMC10912389 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a continuously developing syndrome of cardiac insufficiency caused by diseases, which becomes a major disease endangering human health as well as one of the main causes of death in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The occurrence of heart failure is related to hemodynamic abnormalities, neuroendocrine hormones, myocardial damage, myocardial remodeling etc, lead to the clinical manifestations including dyspnea, fatigue and fluid retention with complex pathophysiological mechanisms. Currently available drugs such as cardiac glycoside, diuretic, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, vasodilator and β receptor blocker etc are widely used for the treatment of heart failure. In particular, natural products and related active ingredients have the characteristics of mild efficacy, low toxicity, multi-target comprehensive efficacy, and have obvious advantages in restoring cardiac function, reducing energy disorder and improving quality of life. In this review, we mainly focus on the recent advance including mechanisms and active ingredients of natural products for the treatment of heart failure, which will provide the inspiration for the development of more potent clinical drugs against heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Juan Chen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Si-Yuan Liu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Si-Ming Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | | | - Ying Hu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300381, China
| | - Xiao-Zhen Cheng
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Cheng-Zhi Hou
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yun Xu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mu Hu
- Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Ling Feng
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Lu Xiao
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang’anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
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Kim JW, Geum JH, Ha WB, Woo HJ, Han YH, Park SH, Lee JH. The efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of Kyung-ok-ko: A narrative review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31311. [PMID: 36397335 PMCID: PMC9666190 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kyung-ok-ko (KOK), a traditional medicinal formula in East Asia, has been recently studied across various fields. However, comprehensive reviews of clinical applications of KOK targeting clinical and experimental studies are lacking. Therefore, the application of KOK is being limited to the range of tonic medicines. To overcome this limitation, we aim to investigate the effectiveness, mechanism, and safety of KOK to obtain evidence regarding its effects in clinical applications. We searched for clinical and experimental articles in 11 databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Excerpta Medica dataBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Google Scholar, Research Information Sharing Service, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, Koreanstudies Information Service System, Korean Medical Database, DBpia, and ScienceON). We selected 54 studies based on the inclusion criteria. Three clinical studies used KOK for a consumptive disease and health promotion. Fifty-one experimental studies reported the antioxidant activity, neuroprotective activity, anticancer effect, anti-inflammatory activity, immunological activity, growth promotion, impacts on cardiovascular system diseases, gastrointestinal system diseases, respiratory system diseases, and metabolic bone disease, hepatoprotective function, and antifatigue function of KOK, which were considered effective and safe in consumptive, chronic, metabolic, inflammatory, and immune diseases. We identified the effectiveness of KOK in the treatment of a wide range of diseases. However, further clinical studies are warranted in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woo Kim
- Chuna Manual Medicine Research Group, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Geum
- Chuna Manual Medicine Research Group, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Korean Medicine, Iksan-Jeil Korean Medicine Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Bae Ha
- Chuna Manual Medicine Research Group, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jun Woo
- Chuna Manual Medicine Research Group, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Han
- Chuna Manual Medicine Research Group, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin-Hyeok Park
- Chuna Manual Medicine Research Group, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Han Lee
- Chuna Manual Medicine Research Group, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jung-Han Lee, Department of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation, College of Korean Medicine, Won-Kwang University, 895 Muwang-ro, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Republic of Korea (e-mail: )
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Zhang Y, Shen T, Zuo Z, Wang Y. ResNet and MaxEnt modeling for quality assessment of Wolfiporia cocos based on FT-NIR fingerprints. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:996069. [PMID: 36407623 PMCID: PMC9666765 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.996069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As a fungus with both medicinal and edible value, Wolfiporia cocos (F. A. Wolf) Ryvarden & Gilb. has drawn more public attention. Chemical components' content fluctuates in wild and cultivated W. cocos, whereas the accumulation ability of chemical components in different parts is different. In order to perform a quality assessment of W. cocos, we proposed a comprehensive method which was mainly realized by Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy and ultra-fast liquid chromatography (UFLC). A qualitative analysis means was built a residual convolutional neural network (ResNet) to recognize synchronous two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2DCOS) images. It can rapidly identify samples from wild and cultivated W. cocos in different parts. As a quantitative analysis method, UFLC was used to determine the contents of three triterpene acids in 547 samples. The results showed that a simultaneous qualitative and quantitative strategy could accurately evaluate the quality of W. cocos. The accuracy of ResNet models combined synchronous FT-NIR 2DCOS in identifying wild and cultivated W. cocos in different parts was as high as 100%. The contents of three triterpene acids in Poriae Cutis were higher than that in Poria, and the one with wild Poriae Cutis was the highest. In addition, the suitable habitat plays a crucial role in the quality of W. cocos. The maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model is a common method to predict the suitable habitat area for W. cocos under the current climate. Through the results, we found that suitable habitats were mostly situated in Yunnan Province of China, which accounted for approximately 49% of the total suitable habitat area of China. The research results not only pave the way for the rational planting in Yunnan Province of China and resource utilization of W. cocos, but also provide a basis for quality assessment of medicinal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanYing Zhang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Shen
- College of Chemistry, Biology and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi, China
| | - ZhiTian Zuo
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - YuanZhong Wang
- Medicinal Plants Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
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Park SG, Jo IJ, Park SA, Park MC, Mun YJ. Poria cocos Extract from Mushrooms Stimulates Aquaporin-3 via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR Signaling Pathway. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:1919-1931. [PMID: 36133400 PMCID: PMC9484496 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s378545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Poria cocos (PC), a fungus, has been used for more than 2000 years as a food and medicine in China. PC and its components have various pharmacological effects on the skin, including immunomodulatory activities, barrier function improvement, and anti-tumor effects. However, the effect of PC in aquaporin-3 (AQP3) expression, which is essential for epidermal water permeability barrier maintenance, was not reported. Methods This study examined the mechanism through which the ethanol extract of the sclerotium of PC (EPC) promoted the expression of AQP3 in cultured human keratinocytes. Western blotting was used to investigate the expression of AQPs and the activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt-related signaling molecules in HaCaT cells. Cells were treated with inhibitors of PI3K/Akt and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) prior to EPC treatment. Results EPC promoted the expression of AQP3 in HaCaT cells without affecting AQP1 and AQP2 expression. Phosphorylated Akt levels were increased by EPC treatment, and the inhibition of PI3K by LY2940002 resulted in a reduction in EPC-induced AQP3 expression. Furthermore, EPC stimulated the phosphorylation of p70S6K and AktSer473, which are downstream targets of mTORC1 and mTORC2, respectively. The mTOR complex inhibitors, rapamycin and Torin 1, partially reduced EPC-induced AQP3 expression. Conclusion These results suggest that EPC increased expression of AQP3, which is important for skin moisturization, by activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in human keratinocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Gu Park
- Department of Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Il-Joo Jo
- Central Stroke Center of Korean medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Seol-A Park
- Department of Beauty Design Graduate School, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Min-Cheol Park
- Department of Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - Yeun-Ja Mun
- Department of Anatomy, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, South Korea
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Wang Y, Feng Y, Li M, Yang M, Shi G, Xuan Z, Yin D, Xu F. Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Chronic Kidney Diseases: Theories, Applications, and Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:917975. [PMID: 35924053 PMCID: PMC9340222 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.917975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and progressive disease that has become a major public health problem on a global scale. Renal fibrosis is a common feature in the pathogenesis of CKD, which is mainly related to the excessive accumulation and deposition of extracellular matrix caused by various inflammatory factors. No ideal treatment has yet been established. In recent years, based on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory of CKD and its molecular mechanism, clinical evidence or experimental studies have confirmed that a variety of Chinese materia medica (CMM) and their effective components can delay the progress of CKD. TCM believes that the pathogenesis of CKD is the deficiency in the root and excess in the branch, and the deficiency and excess are always accompanied by the disease. The strategies of TCM in treating CKD are mainly based on invigorating Qi, tonifying the kidneys, promoting blood circulation, removing stasis, eliminating heat and dampness, removing turbidity, and eliminating edema, and these effects are multitargeted and multifunctional. This review attempts to summarize the theories and treatment strategies of TCM in the treatment of CKD and presents the efficacy and mechanisms of several CMMs supported by clinical evidence or experimental studies. In addition, the relationship between the macroscopic of TCM and the microscopic of modern medicine and the problems faced in further research were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunlai Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- Institute for Pharmacodynamics and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Ye Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Manman Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mo Yang
- Scientific Research and Technology Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Zihua Xuan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Dengke Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Dengke Yin, ; Fan Xu,
| | - Fan Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
- *Correspondence: Dengke Yin, ; Fan Xu,
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Amelioration of Hypertension by Oryeongsan through Improvements of Body Fluid and Sodium Balance: Roles of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Atrial Natriuretic Peptide System. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:9159292. [PMID: 35722149 PMCID: PMC9200506 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9159292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oryeongsan (Wulingsan in China and Goreisan in Japan), a formula composed of five herbal medicines, has long been used for the treatment of imbalance of the body fluid homeostasis in Asian countries. However, the mechanism by which Oryeongsan (ORS) improves the impaired body fluid and salt metabolism is not clearly defined. The present study was performed to define the role of the cardiorenal humoral system in the ORS-induced changes in blood pressure and renal function in hypertension. Experiments were performed in normotensive and two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats. Changes in the fluid and salt balance were measured in rats individually housed in metabolic cages. Changes in the systemic and local renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and cardiac natriuretic peptide hormone system (NPS) were evaluated. ORS water extract was administered by oral gavage (100 mg/kg daily) for 3 weeks. ORS induced diuresis and natriuresis along with an increase in glomerular filtration rate and downregulation of the Na+/H+ exchanger 3 (NHE3) and aquaporin 2 expression in the renal cortex and medulla, respectively. Furthermore, treatment with ORS significantly decreased systolic blood pressure with contraction of body sodium and water accumulation in hypertensive rats. ORS-induced changes were accompanied by modulation of the RAS and NPS, downregulation of the systemic RAS and cardiorenal expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin II subtype 1 (AT1) receptor, and upregulation of the plasma ANP concentration and cardiorenal expression of ANP, ACE2, Mas receptor, and AT2 receptor. These findings indicate that ORS induces beneficial effects on the high blood pressure through modulation of the RAS and NPS of the cardiorenal system, suppression of the prohypertensive ACE-AT1 receptor pathway and NHE3, accentuation of the antihypertensive ACE2-Mas axis/AT2 receptor pathway in the kidney, suppression of the systemic RAS, and elevation of the plasma ANP levels and its synthesis in the heart. The present study provides a biological basis for the use of ORS in the treatment of impaired volume and pressure homeostasis.
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Bao TRG, Long GQ, Wang Y, Wang Q, Liu XL, Hu GS, Gao XX, Wang AH, Jia JM. New Lanostane-Type Triterpenes with Anti-Inflammatory Activity from the Epidermis of Wolfiporia cocos. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4418-4433. [PMID: 35347990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A chemical study on the epidermis of cultivated edible mushroom Wolfiporia cocos resulted in the isolation and identification of 46 lanostane triterpenoids, containing 17 new compounds (1-17). An experimental determination of their anti-inflammatory activity showed that poricoic acid GM (39) most strongly inhibited NO production in LPS-induced RAW264.7 murine macrophages with an IC50 value at 9.73 μM. Furthermore, poricoic acid GM induced HO-1 protein expression and inhibited iNOS and COX2 protein expression as well as the release of PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. Mechanistically, poricoic acid GM suppressed the phosphorylation of the IκBα protein, which prevented NF-κB from entering the nucleus to lose transcriptional activity and inhibited the dissociation of Keap1 from Nrf2, thereby activating Nrf2 into the nucleus to regulate antioxidant genes. Furthermore, the MAPK signaling pathway may play a significant role in poricoic acid GM-induced elimination of inflammation. This work further confirms that lanostane triterpenoids are key ingredients responsible for the anti-inflammatory properties of the edible medicinal mushroom W. cocos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te-Ri-Gen Bao
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo-Qing Long
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Wang
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan-Li Liu
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Gao-Sheng Hu
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xu Gao
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - An-Hua Wang
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Ming Jia
- Teaching and Research Department of Chinese Materia Medica Resources, College of Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, People's Republic of China
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Sunagawa M, Takayama Y, Kato M, Tanaka M, Fukuoka S, Okumo T, Tsukada M, Yamaguchi K. Kampo Formulae for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain ∼ Especially the Mechanism of Action of Yokukansan ∼. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:705023. [PMID: 34970116 PMCID: PMC8712661 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.705023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kampo medicine has been practiced as traditional medicine (TM) in Japan. Kampo medicine uses Kampo formulae that are composed of multiple crude drugs to make Kampo formulae. In Japan, Kampo formulae are commonly used instead of or combined with Western medicines. If drug therapy that follows the guidelines for neuropathic pain does not work or cannot be taken due to side effects, various Kampo formulae are considered as the next line of treatment. Since Kampo formulae are composed of two or more kinds of natural crude drugs, and their extracts contain many ingredients with pharmacological effects, one Kampo formula usually has multiple effects. Therefore, when selecting a formula, we consider symptoms other than pain. This review outlines the Kampo formulae that are frequently used for pain treatment and their crude drugs and the basic usage of each component. In recent years, Yokukansan (YKS) has become one of the most used Kampo formulae for pain treatment with an increasing body of baseline research available. We outline the known and possible mechanisms by which YKS exerts its pharmacologic benefits as an example of Kampo formulae's potency and holistic healing properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Sunagawa
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Takayama
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mami Kato
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Midori Tanaka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Fukuoka
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Okumo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mana Tsukada
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kojiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Chen BY, Wang SR, Lu FT, Lv XF, Chen Y, Ma MM, Guan YY. SGK1 mediates hypotonic challenge-induced proliferation in basilar artery smooth muscle cells via promoting CREB signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 898:173997. [PMID: 33676941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Hypotonic stimulus enlarges cell volume and increased cell proliferation with the exact mechanisms unknown. Glucocorticoid-induced kinase-1 (SGK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that can be regulated by osmotic pressure. We have revealed that SGK1 was activated by hypotonic solution-induced lowering of intracellular Cl- concentration. Therefore, we further examined whether SGK1 mediated hypotonic solution-induced proliferation and the internal mechanisms in basilar smooth muscle cells (BASMCs). In the present study, BrdU incorporation assay, flow cytometry, western blotting were performed to evaluate cell viability, cell cycle transition, and the expression of cell cycle regulators and other related proteins. We found that silence of SGK1 largely blunted hypotonic challenge-induced increase in cell viability and cell cycle transition from G0/G1 phase to S phase, whereas overexpression of SGK1 showed the opposite effects. The effect of SGK1 on proliferation was related to the upregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E1, and the downregulation of p27 and p21, which is mediated by the interaction between SGK1 and cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB). Moreover, we overexpressed ClC-3 Cl- channel to further verify the role of SGK1 in low Cl- environment-induced proliferation. The results revealed that overexpression of ClC-3 further enhanced hypotonic solution-induced cell viability, cell cycle transition, and CREB activation, which were alleviated or potentiated by silencing or overexpression of SGK1. In summary, this study provides compelling evidences that SGK1, as a Cl--sensitive kinase, is a critical link between low osmotic pressure and proliferation in BASMCs, and shed a new light on the treatment of proliferation-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Yi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, And Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital/the First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518035, China
| | - Su-Rong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, And Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Feng-Ting Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, And Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, And Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ming-Ming Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, And Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Yong-Yuan Guan
- Department of Pharmacology, And Cardiac & Cerebral Vascular Research Center, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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12
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Jiang TT, Ding LF, Nie W, Wang LY, Lei T, Wu XD, Zhao QS. Tetranorlanostane and Lanostane Triterpenoids with Cytotoxic Activity from the Epidermis of Poria cocos. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100196. [PMID: 33830612 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Two unprecedented tetranorlanostane triterpenoids, poricolides A (1) and B (2), and two new lanostane triterpenoids, 3β-acetoxy-24-methyllanosta-8,16,24(31)-trien-21-oic acid (3) and 3β-acetoxylanosta-7,9(11),16,23-tetraen-21-oic acid (4), were isolated from the epidermis of Poria cocos. The structures of 1-4 were determined via analysis of 1 H-, 13 C-, and 2D-NMR, and HR-ESI-MS data, and the absolute configurations of 1 and 3 were established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 1 and 2 were the first report of tetranorlanostane triterpenoid having a δ-lactone ring at C(17). Compounds 3 and 4 were rare lanostane triterpenoids having a double bond between C(16) and C(17). Compounds 1-4 exhibited potent antiproliferative effects against A549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7, and SW480 cancer cell lines with IC50 values from 16.19±0.38 to 27.74±1.12 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Lin-Fen Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Wei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Liu-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Tie Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China.,School of Pharmaceutical Science and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Pharmacology for Natural Products, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650500, P. R. China
| | - Xing-De Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
| | - Qin-Shi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, P. R. China
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13
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Wu Y, Li C, Zhang L, Zou C, Xu P, Wen Z, Ouyang W, Yang N, Zhang M, Lin Q, Lu F, Wang L, Bao K, Zhao D, Fu L, Guo X, Yang L, Ou A, He Z, Weng H, Li J, Shi W, Wang X, Song L, Zhan Y, Sun W, Wei L, Wang N, Gui D, Zhan J, Lu Y, Chen H, Liu Y, Yang H, Chen M, Wang Y, Zhang P, Deng Y, Meng L, Cheng X, Li F, Yu D, Xu D, Fang J, Li H, Fu J, Xie Y, Li W, Zhao J, Huang Y, Lu Z, Su G, Zhang L, Qin X, Xu Y, Peng Y, Hou H, Deng L, Liu H, Jie X, Liu L, Tang F, Pei H, Li P, Mao W, Liu X. Effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine combined with Western medicine on deferring dialysis initiation for nondialysis chronic kidney disease stage 5 patients: a multicenter prospective nonrandomized controlled study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:490. [PMID: 33850887 PMCID: PMC8039672 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background In clinical practice, Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) purportedly has beneficial therapeutic effects for chronic kidney disease (CKD), which include delaying disease progression and dialysis initiation. However, there is a lack of high-quality evidence-based results to support this. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of CHM combined with Western medicine in the treatment of stage 5 CKD. Methods This was a prospective nonrandomized controlled study. Stage 5 CKD (nondialysis) patients were recruited form 29 AAA class hospitals across China from July 2014 to April 2019. According to doctors' advice and the patients' wishes, patients were assigned to the CHM group (Western medicine + CHM) and the non-CHM group (Western medicine). Patient demographic data, primary disease, blood pressure, Chinese and Western medical drugs, clinical test results, and time of dialysis initiation were collected during follow-up. Results A total of 908 patients were recruited in this study, and 814 patients were finally included for further analysis, including 747 patients in the CHM group and 67 patients in the non-CHM group. 482 patients in the CHM group and 52 patients in the non-CHM group initiated dialysis. The median time of initiating dialysis was 9 (7.90, 10.10) and 3 (0.98,5.02) months in the CHM group and non-CHM group, respectively. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that patients in the CHM group had a significantly lower risk of dialysis [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 0.38; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28, 0.53] compared to those in the non-CHM group. After 1:2 matching, the outcomes of 160 patients were analyzed. The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that patients in the CHM group had a significantly lower risk of dialysis (aHR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.48) compared to patients in the non-CHM group. Also, the Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the cumulative incidence of dialysis in the CHM group was significantly lower than that in the non-CHM group (log-rank test, P<0.001) before and after matching. Conclusions This study suggest that the combination of CHM and Western medicine could effectively reduce the incidence of dialysis and delay the time of dialysis initiation in stage 5 CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Zou
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehuai Wen
- Key Unit of Methodology in Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwei Ouyang
- Key Unit of Methodology in Clinical Research, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Nizhi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qizhan Lin
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuhua Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Bao
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Daixin Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lizhe Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinfeng Guo
- Evidence-based Medicine & Clinical Research Service Group, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine(The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Evidence-based Medicine & Clinical Research Service Group, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine(The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aihua Ou
- Department of Big Medical Data, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehui He
- Department of Big Medical Data, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Weng
- Department of Big Medical Data, Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Spleen and Stomach Diseases, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Hubei Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqun Song
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yongli Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, Guang'anmen Hospital China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lianbo Wei
- Department of Nephrology, TCM Integrated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dingkun Gui
- Department of Nephrology, The Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jihong Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Tong De Hospital, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuning Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Dongzhimen Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University Of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Anhui Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Peiqing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yueyi Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lanfen Meng
- Department of Nephrology, Liuzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Cheng
- Department of Nephrology, Shaanxi Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Xijing Hospital of The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dajun Yu
- Department of Nephrology, Xiyuan Hospital, Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Damin Xu
- Department of Nephrology, First Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing'ai Fang
- Department of Nephrology, First hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junzhou Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangzhou No.1 People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuansheng Xie
- Department of Nephrology, China PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenge Li
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghong Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Third Military Medical University Xinqiao Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuanhang Huang
- Department of Nephrology, General hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaoyu Lu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Guobin Su
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - La Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xindong Qin
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Haijing Hou
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Deng
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xina Jie
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Lichang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfei Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Mao
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
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14
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Lang F, Rajaxavier J, Singh Y, Brucker SY, Salker MS. The Enigmatic Role of Serum & Glucocorticoid Inducible Kinase 1 in the Endometrium. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:556543. [PMID: 33195190 PMCID: PMC7609842 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.556543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is subject to genetic up-regulation by diverse stimulators including glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, dehydration, ischemia, radiation and hyperosmotic shock. To become active, the expressed kinase requires phosphorylation, which is accomplished by PI3K/PDK1 and mTOR dependent signaling. SGK1 enhances the expression/activity of various transport proteins including Na+/K+-ATPase as well as ion-, glucose-, and amino acid- carriers in the plasma membrane. SGK1 can further up-regulate diverse ion channels, such as Na+-, Ca2+-, K+- and Cl- channels. SGK1 regulates expression/activity of a wide variety of transcription factors (such as FKHRL1/Foxo3a, β-catenin, NFκB and p53). SGK1 thus contributes to the regulation of transport, glycolysis, angiogenesis, cell survival, immune regulation, cell migration, tissue fibrosis and tissue calcification. In this review we summarized the current findings that SGK1 plays a crucial function in the regulation of endometrial function. Specifically, it plays a dual role in the regulation of endometrial receptivity necessary for implantation and, subsequently in pregnancy maintenance. Furthermore, fetal programming of blood pressure regulation requires maternal SGK1. Underlying mechanisms are, however, still ill-defined and there is a substantial need for additional information to fully understand the role of SGK1 in the orchestration of embryo implantation, embryo survival and fetal programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Janet Rajaxavier
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Madhuri S. Salker
- Research Institute of Women’s Health, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
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15
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He T, Qu R, Qin C, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Shao X, Lu T. Potential mechanisms of Chinese Herbal Medicine that implicated in the treatment of COVID-19 related renal injury. Saudi Pharm J 2020; 28:1138-1148. [PMID: 32837217 PMCID: PMC7416081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical studies have shown that renal injury in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has been a real concern, which is associated with high mortality and an inflammation/apoptosis-related causality. Effective target therapy for renal injury has yet been developed. Besides, potential anti-COVID-19 medicines have also been reported to cause adverse side effects to kidney. Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM), however, has rich experience in treating renal injury and has successfully applied in China in the battle of COVID-19. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms of CHM treatment are still unclear. In this study, we searched prescriptions in the treatment of renal injury extensively and the potential mechanisms to treat COVID-19 related renal injury were investigated. The association rules analysis showed that the core herbs includes Huang Qi, Fu Ling, Bai Zhu, Di Huang, Shan Yao. TCM herbs regulate core pathways, such as AGE-RAGE, PI3K-AKT, TNF and apoptosis pathway, etc. The ingredients (quercetin, formononetin, kaempferol, etc.,) from core herbs could modulate targets (PTGS2 (COX2), PTGS1 (COX1), IL6, CASP3, NOS2, and TNF, etc.), and thereby prevent the pharmacological and non-pharmacological renal injury comparable to that from COVID-19 infection. This study provides therapeutic potentials of CHM to combat COVID-19 related renal injury to reduce complications and mortality.
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Key Words
- AGE, Advanced Glycation End products
- AKT, Protein Kinase B
- Association rules
- CHM, Chinese Herbal medicine
- CNKI, China National Knowledge Infrastructure
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, Corona Virus Disease 2019
- CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy
- Chinese Herbal Medicine
- IL6, interleukin 6
- KEGG, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes
- MERS, Middle East respiratory syndrome
- NCBI, National Coalition Building Institute
- NHC, National Health Commission
- NOS2, Nitric Oxide synthase
- Network pharmacology
- PI3K, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase
- PPI, protein–protein interaction
- PTGS1, Prostaglandin G/H synthase 1
- PTGS2, Prostaglandin G/H synthase 2
- RAGE, Receptor of Advanced Glycation End products
- Renal/kidney injury
- SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome
- TCMSP, Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology
- TNF, Tumor Necrosis Factor
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian He
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rendong Qu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Caimeng Qin
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zheyi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangming Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Lu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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16
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Chen BY, Huang CC, Lv XF, Zheng HQ, Zhang YJ, Sun L, Wang GL, Ma MM, Guan YY. SGK1 mediates the hypotonic protective effect against H 2O 2-induced apoptosis of rat basilar artery smooth muscle cells by inhibiting the FOXO3a/Bim signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1073-1084. [PMID: 32139897 PMCID: PMC7470837 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0357-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinease-1 (SGK1) is a serine/threonine kinase regulated by hypotonic stimuli, which is involved in regulation of cell cycle and apoptosis. Our previous study shows that activation of volume-regulated Cl- channels (VRCCs) protects rat basilar artery smooth muscle cells (BASMCs) against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis. In the present study, we investigated whether SGK1 was involved in the protective effect of VRCCs in BASMCs. We showed that hypotonic challenge significantly reduced H2O2-induced apoptosis, and increased SGK1 phosphorylation, but did not affect SGK1 protein expression. The protective effect of hypotonic challenge against H2O2-induced apoptosis was mediated through inhibiting mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway, evidenced by increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio, stabilizing mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), decreased cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytoplasm, and inhibition of the activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. These protective effects of hypotonic challenge against H2O2-induced apoptosis was diminished and enhanced, respectively, by SGK1 knockdown and overexpression. We further revealed that SGK1 activation significantly increased forkhead box O3a (FOXO3a) phosphorylation, and then inhibited the translocation of FOXO3a into nucleus and the subsequent expression of Bcl-2 interacting mediator of cell death (Bim). In conclusion, SGK1 mediates the protective effect of VRCCs against H2O2-induced apoptosis in BASMCs via inhibiting FOXO3a/Bim signaling pathway. Our results provide compelling evidences that SGK1 is a critical link between VRCCs and apoptosis, and shed a new light on the treatment of vascular apoptosis-associated diseases, such as vascular remodeling, angiogenesis, and atherosclerosis.
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Immunomodulatory effects exerted by Poria Cocos polysaccharides via TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB signaling in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 112:108709. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.108709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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19
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Lang F, Stournaras C, Zacharopoulou N, Voelkl J, Alesutan I. Serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 and the response to cell stress. Cell Stress 2018; 3:1-8. [PMID: 31225494 PMCID: PMC6551677 DOI: 10.15698/cst2019.01.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) is up-regulated by several types of cell stress, such as ischemia, radiation and hyperosmotic shock. The SGK1 protein is activated by a signaling cascade involving phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K), 3-phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1 (PDK1) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). SGK1 up-regulates Na+/K+-ATPase, a variety of carriers including Na+-,K+-,2Cl−- cotransporter (NKCC), NaCl cotransporter (NCC), Na+/H+ exchangers, diverse amino acid transporters and several glucose carriers such as Na+-coupled glucose transporter SGLT1. SGK1 further up-regulates a large number of ion channels including epithelial Na+ channel ENaC, voltagegated Na+ channel SCN5A, Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel (ORAI1) with its stimulator STIM1, epithelial Ca2+ channels TRPV5 and TRPV6 and diverse K+ channels. Furthermore, SGK1 influences transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), p53 tumor suppressor protein, cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB), activator protein-1 (AP-1) and forkhead box O3 protein (FOXO3a). Thus, SGK1 supports cellular glucose uptake and glycolysis, angiogenesis, cell survival, cell migration, and wound healing. Presumably as last line of defense against tissue injury, SGK1 fosters tissue fibrosis and tissue calcification replacing energy consuming cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Vegetative and Clinical Physiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nefeli Zacharopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School, Voutes, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Jakob Voelkl
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany
| | - Ioana Alesutan
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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20
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Chen DQ, Hu HH, Wang YN, Feng YL, Cao G, Zhao YY. Natural products for the prevention and treatment of kidney disease. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 50:50-60. [PMID: 30466992 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the common causes resulting in a high morbidity and mortality. Renal fibrosis is the main pathological features of CKD. Natural products have begun to gain widely popularity worldwide for promoting healthcare and preventing CKD, and have been used as a conventional or complementary therapy for CKD treatment. PURPOSE The present paper reviewed the therapeutic effects of natural products on CKD and revealed the molecular mechanisms of their anti-fibrosis. METHODS All the available information on natural products against renal fibrosis was collected via a library and electronic search (using Web of Science, Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Splinker, etc.). RESULTS Accumulated evidence demonstrated that natural products exhibited the beneficial effects for CKD treatment and against renal fibrosis. This review presents an overview of the molecular mechanism of CKD and natural products against renal fibrosis, followed by an in-depth discussion of their molecular mechanism of natural products including isolated compounds and crude extracts against renal fibrosis in vitro and in vivo. A number of isolated compounds have been confirmed to retard renal fibrosis. CONCLUSION The review provides comprehensive insights into pathophysiological mechanisms of CKD and natural products against renal fibrosis. Particular challenges are presented and placed within the context of future applications of natural products against renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - He-He Hu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Yan-Ni Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Ya-Long Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 548 Binwen Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, China.
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21
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Qian Q, Zhou N, Qi P, Zhang Y, Mu X, Shi X, Wang Q. A UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of eight triterpene compounds from Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf extract in rat plasma: Application to a comparative pharmacokinetic study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1102-1103:34-44. [PMID: 30366210 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Poria cum Radix Pini (PRP), White Poria (WP), Rubra Poria (RP), and Poriae Cutis (PC), different parts of the dried sclerotium of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (PCW), have possessed various pharmacological effects and clinical application. In the present study, a novel ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of eight triterpene compounds in rat plasma and then was applied in the comparison of pharmacokinetic characteristics of PRP, WP, RP, and PC extracts. Chromatographic separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC® BEH C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of aqueous solution (containing 0.5‰ formic acid and 0.5 mmol/L ammonium acetate) and acetonitrile in gradient elution. Mass spectrometric of the analytes and internal standard (IS) were conducted in negative electrospray ionization with high-resolution multiple reaction monitoring (MRMHR) mode. The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) for the eight analytes were in the range of 2.00-20.16 ng/mL. All calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.993). The inter- and intra-batch precision and accuracy for the eight triterpene compounds were acceptable. The results indicated that the eight triterpene compounds displayed different pharmacokinetic characteristics in PRP, WP, RP, and PC, and that poricoic acid B, poricoic acid A, pachymic acid, dehydrotrametenolic acid, dehydrotumulosic acid, polyporenic acid C and dehydropachymic acid may be the major bioactive compounds of PCW contributing to the diuretic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Na Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Pengcheng Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Yuqian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Xiyan Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Xiaowei Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China
| | - Qiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China; Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, PR China.
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22
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Wang M, Chen D, Chen L, Cao G, Zhao H, Liu D, Vaziri ND, Guo Y, Zhao Y. Novel inhibitors of the cellular renin-angiotensin system components, poricoic acids, target Smad3 phosphorylation and Wnt/β-catenin pathway against renal fibrosis. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:2689-2708. [PMID: 29679507 PMCID: PMC6003649 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tubulo-interstitial fibrosis is the final pathway in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) to kidney failure. The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays a major role in CKD progression. Hence, we determined the efficacy of novel RAS inhibitors isolated from Poria cocos against renal fibrosis. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Effects of three novel tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds, poricoic acid ZC (PZC), poricoic acid ZD (PZD) and poricoic acid ZE (PZE), were investigated on TGFβ1- and angiotensin II (AngII)-treated HK-2 cells and unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in mice. Immunofluorescence staining, quantitative real-time PCR, siRNA, co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses were used to evaluate expression of key molecules in RAS, Wnt/β-catenin and TGFβ/Smad pathways. KEY RESULTS Addition of the above compounds to culture media and their administration to UUO mice: (i) significantly attenuated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and extracellular matrix production in TGFβ1- and AngII-treated HK-2 cells and UUO mice by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation and Smad3 phosphorylation; (ii) selectively inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation by blocking the interaction of TGFBR1 with Smad3; and (iii) specifically inhibited Smad3 activation. PZC and PZD showed a strong inhibitory effect on all RAS components, and PZE showed a strong inhibitory effect on renin. Furthermore, the secolanostane tetracyclic triterpenoids, PZC and PZD, showed a stronger inhibitory effect than the lanostane tetracyclic triterpenoid PZE. Therefore, compounds with secolanostance skeleton showed stronger bioactivity than those with lanostance skeleton. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS The secolanostane tetracyclic triterpenoids effectively blocked RAS by simultaneously targeting multiple RAS components and lanostane tetracyclic triterpenoids inhibited renin and protected against tubulo-interstitial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi710069China
| | - Dan‐Qian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi710069China
| | - Lin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi710069China
| | - Gang Cao
- School of PharmacyZhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhouZhejiang310053China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi710069China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi710069China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, School of MedicineUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCA92897USA
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi710069China
- Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of New Mexico, Comprehensive Cancer CenterAlbuquerqueNM87131USA
| | - Ying‐Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life ScienceNorthwest UniversityXi'anShaanxi710069China
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Zhang YL, Chen PX, Guan WJ, Guo HM, Qiu ZE, Xu JW, Luo YL, Lan CF, Xu JB, Hao Y, Tan YX, Ye KN, Lun ZR, Zhao L, Zhu YX, Huang J, Ko WH, Zhong WD, Zhou WL, Zhong NS. Increased intracellular Cl - concentration promotes ongoing inflammation in airway epithelium. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:1149-1157. [PMID: 29545647 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-018-0013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 01/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Airway epithelial cells harbor the capacity of active Cl- transepithelial transport and play critical roles in modulating innate immunity. However, whether intracellular Cl- accumulation contributes to relentless airway inflammation remains largely unclear. This study showed that, in airway epithelial cells, intracellular Cl- concentration ([Cl-]i) was increased after Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation via nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D)-cAMP signaling pathways. Clamping [Cl-]i at high levels or prolonged treatment with LPS augmented serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase 1 (SGK1) phosphorylation and subsequently triggered NF-κB activation in airway epithelial cells, whereas inhibition of SGK1 abrogated airway inflammation in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, Cl--SGK1 signaling pathway was pronouncedly activated in patients with bronchiectasis, a chronic airway inflammatory disease. Conversely, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), a sulfhydryl-containing gasotransmitter, confers anti-inflammatory effects through decreasing [Cl-]i via activation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Our study confirms that intracellular Cl- is a crucial mediator of sustained airway inflammation. Medications that abrogate excessively increased intracellular Cl- may offer novel targets for the management of airway inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng-Xiao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Jie Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Mei Guo
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Biology and Food Engineering Institute, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Er Qiu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Wen Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Li Luo
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chong-Feng Lan
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Bang Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Hao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, N. T., China, China
| | - Ya-Xia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Nan Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Rong Lun
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun-Xin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiehong Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wing-Hung Ko
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, N. T., China, China
| | - Wei-De Zhong
- Department of Urology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Liang Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Nan-Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute for Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Zhu J, Shen L, Lin X, Hong Y, Feng Y. Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine compounds and their preparations for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:854-864. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.09.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Lee SG, Kim MM. Pachymic acid promotes induction of autophagy related to IGF-1 signaling pathway in WI-38 cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 36:82-87. [PMID: 29157832 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling pathway has spotlighted as a mechanism to elucidate aging associated with autophagy in recent years. Therefore, we have tried to screen an effective compound capable of inducing autophagy to delay aging process. PURPOSE The aim of this study is to investigate whether pachymic acid, a main compound in Poria cocos, induces autophagy in the aged cells. METHODS The aging of young cells was induced by treatment with IGF-1 at 50 ng/ml three times every two days. The effect of pachymic acid on cell viability was evaluated in human lung fibroblasts, WI-38 cells, using MTT assay. The induction of autophagy was detected using autophagy detection kit. The expression of proteins related to autophagy and IGF-1 signaling pathway was examined by western blot analysis and immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS In this study, pachymic acid showed cytotoxic effect in a dose dependent manner and remarkably induced autophagy at the same time. Moreover, pachymic acid increased the expression of proteins related to autophagy such as LC3-II and Beclin1 and decreased the levels of mTor phosphorylation and p70S6K in the aged cells. In particular, pachymic acid increased the expression of p-PI3K, p-FoxO and Catalase. In addition, pachymic acid remarkably increased the expression of IGFBP-3. CONCLUSION Above results suggest that pachymic acid could induce autophagy related to IGF-1 signaling pathway in the aged cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Gyeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Moo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Dong-Eui University, Busan, 614-714, Republic of Korea.
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Yu JG, Guo J, Zhu KY, Tao W, Chen Y, Liu P, Hua Y, Tang Y, Duan JA. How impaired efficacy happened between Gancao and Yuanhua: Compounds, targets and pathways. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28630457 PMCID: PMC5476574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03201-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
As recorded in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) could weaken the pharmacological effect or increase the toxicity of Yuanhua (Genkwa Flos). However, the theory has been suspected due to lack of evidence. Here, we investigate whether Gancao could weaken Yuanhua’s diuretic effect, if so, which chemicals and which targets may be involved. Results showed that Yuanhua exerted diuretic effect through down-regulating renal AQP 2, without electrolyte disturbances such as K+ loss which has been observed as side-effect of most diuretics. Gancao had no diuretic effect, but could impair Yuanhua’s diuretic effect through up-regulating renal AQP 2. Glycyrrhetinic acid (GRA) in Gancao could up-regulate AQP 2 and counteract the AQP 2 regulation effect of Yuanhuacine (YHC) and Ginkwanin (GKW) in Yuanhua. Network pharmacology method suggested that YHC, GKW and GRA could bind to MEK1/FGFR1 protein and influence ERK-MAPK pathway, which was verified by Western blotting. This study supports TCM theory and reminds that more attention should be paid to the safety and efficacy problems induced by improper combination between herbs. Moreover, we suggested that promising diuretics with less side effects can be developed from Chinese Medicines such as Yuanhua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Gao Yu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jianming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Kevin Yue Zhu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Weiwei Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yongqing Hua
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, Jiangsu Province, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Kim MG, Lee YJ, Choi ES, Yoon JJ, Han BH, Kang DG, Lee HS. Wiryeongtang regulates hypertonicity-induced expression of aquaporin-2 water channels in mIMCD-3 cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2665-2672. [PMID: 28447712 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The kidneys have a key role in the homeostasis of water excretion and reabsorption. Water channels, particularly aquaporin-2 (AQP2), are important proteins in water homeostasis in the body through the short‑term and long-term regulation of water permeability. Wiryeongtang (WRT) is a well-known traditional oriental medicine, which is used for the treatment of chronic edema and dysuresia. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of WRT on the hypertonicity-induced expression of AQP2 in the inner medullary collecting duct cell line (IMCD‑3). Western blotting, reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analysis were performed to determine the effect of WRT under hypertonic stress. WRT attenuated the 175 mM NaCl hypertonic stress‑induced increases in protein and mRNA levels of AQP2 and apical membrane insertion in a concentration‑dependent manner. However, no differences were observed in the levels of AQP1, AQP3 or AQP4 between the hypertonic stress and WRT groups. WRT attenuated the hypertonicity-induced phosphorylation of glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase 1. In addition, the mRNA expression of tonicity‑responsive enhancer binding protein was attenuated by WRT under hypertonic stress. Pretreatment with WRT also decreased the hypertonic stress‑induced expression of AQP2, as with KT5720, a protein kinase A inhibitor. These results provided evidence of the beneficial effect of the traditional formula WRT in regulating water balance in hypertonic stress of the renal collecting ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Gyeong Kim
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sik Choi
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Joo Yoon
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hyuk Han
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540‑749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 540‑749, Republic of Korea
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Effect of Poria cocos hydroethanolic extract on treating adriamycin-induced rat model of nephrotic syndrome. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 23:916-922. [PMID: 28035538 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2643-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf hydroethanolic extract (PHE) against nephrotic syndrome (NS) in rats and to identify the potential active components from PHE. METHODS The high content compounds were isolated and purified by using column chromatography followed by preparative highperformance liquid chromatography (p-HPLC). Forty male Wistar rats with adriamycin (ADR)-induced NS were randomly divided into 5 groups, 8 in each group: model control group, positive control group (with prednisone treatment), PHE low-dose group, PHE middle-dose group and PHE high-dose group. Another 8 rats were recruited as vehicle control group. All rats received the intragastric administration of corresponding drugs or saline for 30 days. During the experimental period, rats' behavior and appearance were observed and recorded daily, and their body weights were recorded weekly. After treatment, 24-h urine samples were collected to evaluate the urine protein and urine creatinine (Ucr); then the rats were sacrificed to collect carotid blood and to determine the levels of serum total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), globulin (Glo), total cholesterol (TC) and cytokine interlukin-4 (IL-4). RESULTS Six acidic components were isolated and identified from the PHE section: pachymic acid, 15α-hydroxydehydrotumulosic acid, trametenolic acid, dehydropachymic acid, 3β-hydroxy-lanosta-7,9(11), 24-trien-21-oic-acid and dehydroeburicoic acid. Compared with the model control group, the urine protein content were significantly decreased in the PHE treatment groups and positive control group (P<0.05), especially PHE middle-dose group (P<0.01). The Ucr values and serum levels of TP, Glo, TC and IL-4 in PHE low- and middle-dose groups were also presented obvious recover tendency as compared with the model control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). However, positive control group and all PHE groups indicated no significant therapeutic effect on raising Alb value, although PHE low- and middle-dose treatment groups showed better outcomes than positive control group (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS PHE showed an encouraging therapeutic effect against ADR-induced NS in a rat model. PHE might be a group of effective substances for the treatment of NS.
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Zhu H, Peng Z, Dai M, Zou Y, Qin F, Chen J, Song L, He B, Lv X, Dai S. Efficacy and safety of Wuling San for treatment of breast-cancer-related upper extremity lymphoedema: study protocol for a pilot trial. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012515. [PMID: 27986736 PMCID: PMC5168680 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Breast-cancer-related upper extremity lymphoedema (BCUL), a common complication of mastectomy, can cause physical discomfort, psychological distress, cosmetic defects, functional disability and chronic recurrent erysipelas in the affected arm(s). It is a challenge to physicians involved in the management of these patients. Wuling San, a classic prescription in Traditional Chinese Medicine used in treating oedema for thousands of years, is reported by many Chinese journals to perform well in BCUL. Therefore, the aim of this study is to verify its efficacy and evaluate its safety using rigorous methodological designs in patients with BCUL. METHODS AND ANALYSIS To verify the efficacy and assess the safety of Wuling San over a placebo, this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial will be carried out in three hospitals. A total of 200 eligible patients with BCUL will be randomly allocated, in a ratio of 1:1, to either the experimental medicine group or the placebo group. The primary outcome measure will be the proportion of absolute reduced limb volume, as measured by perometry. The second outcome measure will be the number of participants with adverse events. The assessment will be carried out at the following time points: before enrolment (baseline) and 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks after treatment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This trial will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and supervised by the institutional review board of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University (approval number PJK2016088). All patients will receive information about the trial in verbal and written forms and will give informed consent before enrolment. This trial will help to demonstrate whether Wuling San is effective in the treatment of patients with BCUL. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals or disseminated through conference presentations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02726477; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Zhu
- Department of Galactophore, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Zheng Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Meiyu Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Yan Zou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Fengxian Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Jifei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Liuying Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Baoyu He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaolan Lv
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Liuzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengming Dai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
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Lee MJ, Jang M, Bae CS, Park KS, Kim HJ, Lee S, Lee SW, Kim YO, Cho IH. Effects of Oriental Medicine Kyung-Ok-Ko on Uterine Abnormality in Hyperandrogenized Rats. Rejuvenation Res 2016; 19:456-466. [DOI: 10.1089/rej.2015.1787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Lee
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhee Jang
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chun-Sik Bae
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Medical Institute, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Sun Park
- Department of Korean Medicine Obstetrics & Gynecology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Jae Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyun Lee
- Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Won Lee
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ock Kim
- Department of Medicinal Crop Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Eumseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Korean Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lou Y, Zhang F, Luo Y, Wang L, Huang S, Jin F. Serum and Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinase 1 in Sodium Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081307. [PMID: 27517916 PMCID: PMC5000704 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitously expressed serum and glucocorticoid regulated kinase 1 (SGK1) is tightly regulated by osmotic and hormonal signals, including glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. Recently, SGK1 has been implicated as a signal hub for the regulation of sodium transport. SGK1 modulates the activities of multiple ion channels and carriers, such as epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav1.5), sodium hydrogen exchangers 1 and 3 (NHE1 and NHE3), sodium-chloride symporter (NCC), and sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter 2 (NKCC2); as well as the sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) and type A natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-A). Accordingly, SGK1 is implicated in the physiology and pathophysiology of Na+ homeostasis. Here, we focus particularly on recent findings of SGK1’s involvement in Na+ transport in renal sodium reabsorption, hormone-stimulated salt appetite and fluid balance and discuss the abnormal SGK1-mediated Na+ reabsorption in hypertension, heart disease, edema with diabetes, and embryo implantation failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Lou
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Gynaecology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310007, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yuqin Luo
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Liya Wang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Shisi Huang
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Fan Jin
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics, National Ministry of Education (Zhejiang University), Women's Reproductive Healthy Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Jia X, Ma L, Li P, Chen M, He C. Prospects of Poria cocos polysaccharides: Isolation process, structural features and bioactivities. Trends Food Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2016.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Lee YJ, Lee SM, Cui X, Yoon JJ, Oh HC, Kim YC, Park MC, Kang DG, Lee HS. Quantitative evaluation of Oryeongsan and its action on water regulation in renal inner medullary collecting duct cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 185:310-318. [PMID: 26979340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Oryeongsan (ORS, Wulingsan) has been reported to possess renal protective effects from renal diseases such as diabetes-induced renal damage, and nephrocalcinosis. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was conducted to evaluate the quantitative analysis and the inhibitory effect of ORS on hypertonic stress-induced water channel and apoptosis in murine inner medullary collecting duct cell line (mIMCD-3). MATERIALS AND METHODS Chromatographic and NMR spectroscopic analysis were performed and water balance regulation was determined by Western blot, RT-PCR, and immunofluorescnece. RESULTS Seven active principles (5-hydroxymethylfurfural, alismoxide, methyl(-)trans-cinnamate, adenine, guanosine, adenosine, and ferulic acid) in ORS were isolated and the structures were identified mainly by NMR spectroscopic analysis. In addition, contents of these metabolites in ORS were evaluated by HPLC analysis. Pretreatment with ORS significantly attenuated the hypertonic stress (175mM NaCl)-induced increase in protein levels of AQP2 and apical membrane insertion. ORS also attenuated osmolyte sodium-myo-inositol transporter (SMIT) expression and tonicity-responsive enhancer binding protein (TonEBP) mRNA under hypertonic stress. Those actions of ORS presented the similar effect of PKA inhibitor which AQP2 expression throughout the inhibition of vasopressin-mediated cAMP/PKA signal pathway. On the other hand, pretreatment with ORS attenuated hypertonic stress-induced cell death. Hypertonic stress-induced Bax or caspase-3 expression was decreased by ORS, resulting in anti-apoptotic effect. CONCLUSIONS The present data suggest that the beneficial effect of ORS in water balance and apoptosis against hypertonic stress of renal collecting ducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Jung Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - So Min Lee
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 1672 Yuseong-daero, Yuseong-Gu, 34054 Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Xiang Cui
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Joo Yoon
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyun Cheol Oh
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Youn Chul Kim
- Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min Cheol Park
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; Department of Oriental Medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Shinyong-dong, Iksan, Jeonbuk 570-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- Department of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Body-fluid Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan 570-749, Republic of Korea.
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Zhou X. How do kinases contribute to tonicity-dependent regulation of the transcription factor NFAT5? World J Nephrol 2016; 5:20-32. [PMID: 26788461 PMCID: PMC4707165 DOI: 10.5527/wjn.v5.i1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NFAT5 plays a critical role in maintaining the renal functions. Its dis-regulation in the kidney leads to or is associated with certain renal diseases or disorders, most notably the urinary concentration defect. Hypertonicity, which the kidney medulla is normally exposed to, activates NFAT5 through phosphorylation of a signaling molecule or NFAT5 itself. Hypotonicity inhibits NFAT5 through a similar mechanism. More than a dozen of protein and lipid kinases have been identified to contribute to tonicity-dependent regulation of NFAT5. Hypertonicity activates NFAT5 by increasing its nuclear localization and transactivating activity in the early phase and protein abundance in the late phase. The known mechanism for inhibition of NFAT5 by hypotonicity is a decrease of nuclear NFAT5. The present article reviews the effect of each kinase on NFAT5 nuclear localization, transactivation and protein abundance, and the relationship among these kinases, if known. Cyclosporine A and tacrolimus suppress immune reactions by inhibiting the phosphatase calcineurin-dependent activation of NFAT1. It is hoped that this review would stimulate the interest to seek explanations from the NFAT5 regulatory pathways for certain clinical presentations and to explore novel therapeutic approaches based on the pathways. On the basic science front, this review raises two interesting questions. The first one is how these kinases can specifically signal to NFAT5 in the context of hypertonicity or hypotonicity, because they also regulate other cellular activities and even opposite activities in some cases. The second one is why these many kinases, some of which might have redundant functions, are needed to regulate NFAT5 activity. This review reiterates the concept of signaling through cooperation. Cells need these kinases working in a coordinated way to provide the signaling specificity that is lacking in the individual one. Redundancy in regulation of NFAT5 is a critical strategy for cells to maintain robustness against hypertonic or hypotonic stress.
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Choong YK, Lan J, Lee HL, Chen XD, Wang XG, Yang YP. Differential identification of mushrooms sclerotia by IR macro-fingerprint method. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 152:34-42. [PMID: 26186395 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many macrofungus sclerotia are well-known medicinal herbs, health food and nutritional supplements. However, the prevalent adulterant commercial products are major hindrances to their incorporation into mainstream medical use in many countries. The mushroom sclerotia of Lignosus rhinocerotis, Poria cocos, Polyporus umbellatus, Pleurotus tuber-regium and Omphalia lapidescens are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, IR macro-fingerprint method was used in the identification of these sclerotia. The results showed that the spectrum of L. rhinocerotis (LR) was comparable with P. cocos with 94.4% correlation, except that the peak at 1543cm(-1) of LR appeared in lower intensity. The spectrum of P. umbellatus and P. tuber-regium was also correlated (91.5%), as both spectra could be clearly discriminated in that P. umbellatus spectrum has small base peaks located at the range of 1680-1500cm(-1). O. lapidescens was not comparable with all the other sclerotia as its spectrum was totally different. Its base peak was broad and derivated equally along the range. The first IR has revealed the dissimilarity among five mushrooms sclerotia. The second derivative and 2DIR further enhanced the identification in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yew Keong Choong
- Phytochemistry Unit, Herbal Medicine Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Jin Lan
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Han Lim Lee
- Medical Entomology Unit, WHO Collaborating Centre, Institute for Medical Research, Jalan Pahang, 50588 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Xiang-Dong Chen
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Guang Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Yu-Ping Yang
- National Research Institute for Family Planning of China, Beijing 100081, PR China
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Choi YH. Induction of apoptosis by an ethanol extract of Poria cocos Wolf. in human leukemia U937 cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:2533-40. [PMID: 26353048 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos Wolf., which belongs to the Polyporaceae family, has been widely used as an Oriental traditional herbal medicine for centuries. Its sclerotium has been reported to possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, including free-radical scavenging, anti-viral, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by P. cocos in human cancer cells are poorly understood. In the present study, we investigated the pro-apoptotic potential of an ethanol extract of P. cocos sclerotium (EEPC) in human leukemia U937 cells in vitro. We found that EEPC induced anti-proliferative effects in U937 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, which was due to apoptotic induction, as evident from morphological changes and flow cytometric assays. EEPC-induced apoptosis of U937 cells was associated with an increase in the Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, the release of cytochrome c to the cytosol, and a decrease in the expression of an inhibitor of the apoptosis family of proteins. The events were accompanied by activation of caspase-8, -9 and -3, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, suggesting the involvement of both the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic cascades. In addition, the overexpression of Bcl-2 caused a significant attenuation of EEPC-induced caspase activation, degradation of PARP, and the collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential, and thereby reversed EEPC-induced cell apoptosis and growth inhibition. Collectively, these data provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying EEPC-induced apoptosis in U937 cells, suggesting that EEPC may be a new therapeutic option for the treatment of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung Hyun Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea
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Ntchapda F, Kakesse M, Fokam MAT, Pancha OM, Abakar D, Dimo T. Evaluation of the diuretic effects of crude stem bark extraction of Zanthoxylum heitzii (Rutaceae) in Wistar rats. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2015; 13:326-35. [DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(15)60188-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yang Y, Zhang DM, Liu JH, Hu LS, Xue QC, Ding XQ, Kong LD. Wuling San protects kidney dysfunction by inhibiting renal TLR4/MyD88 signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in high fructose-induced hyperuricemic mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:49-59. [PMID: 25914040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Wuling San, a famous prescription in Chinese medicine, is composed of Polyporus, Poria, Alismatis rhizoma, Cinnamomi cortex and Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma, and promotes kidney function and diuresis. The main purpose of this study was to investigate its renal protective effect in high fructose-induced hyperuricemic mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS ICR mice were fed with 30% fructose in drinking water for 6 weeks to induce hyperuricemia and renal dysfunction. Then mice were orally administrated for other 6 weeks with Wuling San (987, 1316, 1755 and 2340mg/kg), allopurinol (5mg/kg) and water daily, respectively. Serum and urine levels of uric acid, creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to assess renal histological changes. Renal interleukin (IL)-1β concentrations were measured using ELISA kit. Renal protein levels of organic ion transporters, as well as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) signaling and pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome were determined by Western blot assay. RESULTS Wuling San significantly decreased serum uric acid, creatinine and BUN levels, increased fractional excretion of uric acid (FEUA) in fructose-fed mice. It restored fructose-induced dysregulation of renal urate transporter 1 (URAT1), glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) and organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1), as well as organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1) and OCT2 in mice. Wuling San obviously alleviated infiltration of inflammation cells in kidney glomerulus of fructose-fed mice. Moreover, Wuling San suppressed the activation of TLR4/ MyD88 signaling to inhibit nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activation in fructose-fed mice. Additionally, Wuling San decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion in the kidney of fructose-fed mice. CONCLUSION Wuling San exerts renal protective effect by modulating renal organic ion transporters in fructose-induced hyperuricemic mice. The molecular mechanism of its action may be associated with the suppression of TLR4/MyD88 signaling and NLRP3 inflammasome activation to reduce IL-1β production in high fructose-induced hyperuricemic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Dong-Mei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Lin-Shui Hu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Pharmaceutical Technology, Zhejiang CONBA Pharmaceutical Co., LTD, Lanxi 321109, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Chu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People׳s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People׳s Republic of China.
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Cheng S, Swanson K, Eliaz I, McClintick JN, Sandusky GE, Sliva D. Pachymic acid inhibits growth and induces apoptosis of pancreatic cancer in vitro and in vivo by targeting ER stress. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122270. [PMID: 25915041 PMCID: PMC4411097 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pachymic acid (PA) is a purified triterpene extracted from medicinal fungus Poria cocos. In this paper, we investigated the anticancer effect of PA on human chemotherapy resistant pancreatic cancer. PA triggered apoptosis in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2. Comparative gene expression array analysis demonstrated that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress was induced by PA through activation of heat shock response and unfolded protein response related genes. Induced ER stress was confirmed by increasing expression of XBP-1s, ATF4, Hsp70, CHOP and phospho-eIF2α. Moreover, ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) blocked PA induced apoptosis. In addition, 25 mg kg-1 of PA significantly suppressed MIA PaCa-2 tumor growth in vivo without toxicity, which correlated with induction of apoptosis and expression of ER stress related proteins in tumor tissues. Taken together, growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis by PA in gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells were associated with ER stress activation both in vitro and in vivo. PA may be potentially exploited for the use in treatment of chemotherapy resistant pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Cheng
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kristen Swanson
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Isaac Eliaz
- Amitabha Medical Clinic and Healing Center, Santa Rosa, California, United States of America
| | - Jeanette N. McClintick
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - George E. Sandusky
- Departments of Pathology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Daniel Sliva
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Methodist Research Institute, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- DSTest Laboratories, Purdue Research Park, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
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Bin L, Yan-Xia D, De-Qiang D, Xiao-Ku R, Yu-Bin X, Ling-Hui L, Ting-Guo K. Diuretic Ingredients of Poria coco. INT J PHARMACOL 2015. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2015.130.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Miao H, Li MH, Zhang X, Yuan SJ, Ho CC, Zhao YY. The antihyperlipidemic effect of Fu-Ling-Pi is associated with abnormal fatty acid metabolism as assessed by UPLC-HDMS-based lipidomics. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra09766e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The surface layer of Poria cocos (SLPC), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been commonly used for diuretic and antihyperlipidemia in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Miao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China
- Ministry of Education
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Ming-Hua Li
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control
- State Food and Drug Administration
- Beijing
- China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China
- Ministry of Education
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Sheng-Jun Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China
- Ministry of Education
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
| | - Charlene C. Ho
- Department of Biochemistry
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine
- The University of Hong Kong
- Hong Kong
- China
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China
- Ministry of Education
- Northwest University
- Xi'an
- China
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Li Y, Zhang J, Zhao Y, Li Z, Li T, Wang Y. Characteristic Fingerprint Based on Low Polar Constituents for Discrimination of Wolfiporia extensa according to Geographical Origin Using UV Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Methods. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL METHODS IN CHEMISTRY 2014; 2014:519424. [PMID: 25544933 PMCID: PMC4269309 DOI: 10.1155/2014/519424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The fungus species Wolfiporia extensa has a long history of medicinal usage and has also been commercially used to formulate nutraceuticals and functional foods in certain Asian countries. In the present study, a practical and promising method has been developed to discriminate the dried sclerotium of W. extensa collected from different geographical sites based on UV spectroscopy together with chemometrics methods. Characteristic fingerprint of low polar constituents of sample extracts that originated from chloroform has been obtained in the interval 250-400 nm. Chemometric pattern recognition methods such as partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) were applied to enhance the authenticity of discrimination of the specimens. The results showed that W. extensa samples were well classified according to their geographical origins. The proposed method can fully utilize diversified fingerprint characteristics of sclerotium of W. extensa and requires low-cost equipment and short-time analysis in comparison with other techniques. Meanwhile, this simple and efficient method may serve as a basis for the authentication of other medicinal fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Yanli Zhao
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Zhimin Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
| | - Tao Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yuxi Normal University, Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Yuanzhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650200, China
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Shah VK, Choi JJ, Han JY, Lee MK, Hong JT, Oh KW. Pachymic Acid Enhances Pentobarbital-Induced Sleeping Behaviors via GABAA-ergic Systems in Mice. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2014; 22:314-20. [PMID: 25143810 PMCID: PMC4131518 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was investigated to know whether pachymic acid (PA), one of the predominant triterpenoids in Poria cocos (Hoelen) has the sedative-hypnotic effects, and underlying mechanisms are mediated via γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic systems. Oral administration of PA markedly suppressed locomotion activity in mice. This compound also prolonged sleeping time, and reduced sleep latency showing synergic effects with muscimol (0.2 mg/kg) in shortening sleep onset and enhancing sleep time induced by pentobarbital, both at the hypnotic (40 mg/kg) and sub-hypnotic (28 mg/kg) doses. Additionally, PA elevated intracellular chloride levels in hypothalamic primary cultured neuronal cells of rats. Moreover, Western blotting quantitative results showed that PA increased the amount of protein level expression of GAD65/67 over a broader range of doses. PA increased α- and β-subunits protein levels, but decreased γ-subunit protein levels in GABAA receptors. The present experiment provides evidence for the hypnotic effects as PA enhanced pentobarbital-induced sleeping behaviors via GABAA-ergic mechanisms in rodents. Taken together, it is proposed that PA may be useful for the treatment of sleep disturbed subjects with insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikash Kumar Shah
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Joon Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Yi Han
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Wan Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
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Effect of Poria cocos on Puromycin Aminonucleoside-Induced Nephrotic Syndrome in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:570420. [PMID: 25165480 PMCID: PMC4140122 DOI: 10.1155/2014/570420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Nephrotic syndrome is associated with altered renal handling of water and sodium and changes in the levels of aquaporins (AQPs) and epithelial Na channels (ENaCs). The dried sclerotia of Poria cocos Wolf (WPC) have been used for treating chronic edema and nephrosis. We evaluated the effects of WPC on puromycin aminonucleoside- (PAN-) induced renal functional derangement and altered renal AQP2 and ENaC expression. In the nephrotic syndrome rat model, animals were injected with 75 mg/kg PAN and then treated with Losartan (30 mg·kg−1·day−1) or WPC (200 mg·kg−1·day−1) for 7 days. In the WPC group, proteinuria and ascites improved significantly. Plasma levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein- (LDL-) cholesterol reduced significantly in the WPC group. In addition, the WPC group exhibited attenuation of the PAN-induced increase in AQP2 and ENaC α/β subunit protein and mRNA levels. WPC suppressed significantly PAN-induced organic osmolyte regulators, reducing serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible protein kinase (Sgk1) and sodium-myo-inositol cotransporter (SMIT) mRNA expression. Our results show that WPC improves nephrotic syndrome, including proteinuria and ascites, through inhibition of AQP2 and ENaC expression. Therefore, WPC influences body-fluid regulation via inhibition of water and sodium channels, thereby, improving renal disorders such as edema or nephrosis.
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Jeong JW, Lee HH, Han MH, Kim GY, Hong SH, Park C, Choi YH. Ethanol extract of Poria cocos reduces the production of inflammatory mediators by suppressing the NF-kappaB signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:101. [PMID: 24628870 PMCID: PMC3985596 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Poria cocos Wolf, a medicinal fungus, is widely used in traditional medicines in East Asian countries owing to its various therapeutic potentials. Although several studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory activity of this fungus, its underlying mechanisms have not yet been clearly defined. Methods In the present study, we have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of P. cocos (EEPC) in lipopolysaccaride (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. As inflammatory parameters, the productions of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were evaluated. We also examined the EEPC’s effect on the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Results Our results indicated that EEPC exhibits a potent inhibitory effect on NO production and inhibits PGE2 release in LPS-induced macrophages without affecting cell viability. EEPC also significantly attenuated LPS-induced secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α. Additionally, LPS-induced expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α was decreased by pre-treatment with EEPC at the transcriptional level. Moreover, EEPC clearly inhibited LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 subunits, which correlated with EEPC’s inhibitory effects on inhibitor kappaB (IκB) degradation. Moreover, EEPC clearly suppressed the LPS-induced DNA-binding activity of NF-κB, as well as the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB p65, which correlated with EEPC’s inhibitory effects on inhibitor kappaB (IκB) degradation. Conclusions Taken together, our data indicates that EEPC targets the inflammatory response of macrophages via inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α through inactivation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, supporting the pharmacological basis of P. cocos as a traditional herbal medicine for treatment of inflammation and its associated disorders.
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Oriental medicine Kyung-Ok-Ko prevents and alleviates dehydroepiandrosterone-induced polycystic ovarian syndrome in rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87623. [PMID: 24520334 PMCID: PMC3919730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Kyung-Ok-Ko (KOK), a traditional herbal prescription composed of Rehmannia glutinosa Liboschitz var. purpurae, Lycium chinense, Aquillaria agallocha, Poria cocos, Panax ginseng, and honey, has been widely used in traditional Oriental medicine as a vitalizing medicine or as the prescription for patients with age-associated disorders such as amnesia and stroke. However, the potential protective value of KOK for the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is largely unknown. We investigated whether pre-administration (daily from 2 hours before PCOS induction) and post-administration (daily after induction of PCOS) of KOK (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg/day, p.o.) could have a protective effect in a dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA, s.c.)-induced PCOS rat model. Pre-administration of KOK significantly decreased the elevated body weight and ovary weight, elevated size and number of follicular cysts, elevated level of serum glucose, and estradiol after DHEA injection. KOK reduced the elevated percentage of CD8 (+) T lymphocytes in lymph nodes, the elevated mRNA expression of CD11b and CD3 in ovaries, and infiltration of macrophages in ovarian tissue with PCOS. KOK diminished the increased mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1), and iNOS in the ovaries, and increased the reduced mRNA expression of growth factors (EGF, TGF-β) by DHEA injection. Post-administration of KOK also improved the DHEA-induced PCOS-like symptoms, generally similar to those evident from pre-administration of KOK. KOK may effectively prevent and improve DHEA-induced PCOS via anti-inflammatory action, indicating its preventive and therapeutic potential for suppressing PCOS.
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Feng YL, Lei P, Tian T, Yin L, Chen DQ, Chen H, Mei Q, Zhao YY, Lin RC. Diuretic activity of some fractions of the epidermis of Poria cocos. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:1114-8. [PMID: 24184192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Poria cocos Wolf (Polyporaceae) is a well-known medicinal fungus, the epidermis ("Fu-Ling-Pi" in Chinese) of the sclerotia is used as a diuretic for treating oedema and promoting the diuretic process. In this paper we report on the diuretic activity in rats of petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and the remaining fractions of the ethanol extract from the epidermis of Poria cocos. MATERIALS AND METHODS Petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and the remaining fractions of the ethanol extract of Fu-Ling-Pi were orally administered to rats. The urinary excretion rate and the pH and electrolyte excretion were measured in the urine of saline-loaded rats. RESULTS In this study, all the tested fractions of Fu-Ling-Pi increased the urinary excretion rate. The three doses of the ethyl acetate fraction all produced remarkable urinary output in 6h, and all produced a remarkable increase in Na(+) excretion and Cl(-) excretion. The Na(+)/K(+) value in the experimental group was significantly enhanced compared with that of the control group, but the three doses of the ethyl acetate fraction had no effect on the K(+) excretion. The 25-mg/kg and 50-mg/kg doses of the n-butanol fraction showed notable urinary output and produced a remarkable increase of Na(+) excretion and Cl(-) excretion, but the two doses did not produce a remarkable effect on the Na(+)/K(+) value. The petroleum ether and remaining fractions did not show remarkable diuretic activities compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed that the ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions present a remarkable diuretic effect, showing that they are the diuretic bioactive fractions of Fu-Ling-Pi. This finding appears to indicate at least two mechanisms for the observed diuretic activity, and the K(+)-saving diuretic effect may be related to the triterpenoid components of intermediate polarity contained in this fungus, particularly the lanostanes tetracyclic triterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Long Feng
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, the College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, No. 229 Taibai North Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710069, PR China
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A valid approach in refractory glossodynia: a single-institution 5-year experience treating with Japanese traditional herbal (kampo) medicine. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:354872. [PMID: 24223055 PMCID: PMC3816042 DOI: 10.1155/2013/354872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Glossodynia is often refractory to conventional medicine, and there is only limited evidence to guide clinicians in its management. Patients with refractory glossodynia are often introduced to Japanese traditional herbal (Kampo) medicine experts under such circumstances because Kampo medicine has become known in Japan to be effective in treating a wide variety of symptoms refractory to conventional medicine. Herein, we report our single-institution 5-year experience treating patients with Kampo medicine for primary glossodynia that was refractory to conventional medicine. We found that 69.2% of patients reported a beneficial effect of Kampo medicine on glossodynia, and the average onset of improvement was 8.0 ± 7.7 weeks after starting Kampo treatment. The top two frequently used Kampo medicines for glossodynia were seinetsuhokito and mibakuekkito among high responders who showed a decrease of severity by 50% or more. The top four most overlapped herbs among effective Kampo medicines for glossodynia were Glycyrrhiza Root, Ginseng Root, Hoelen, and Atractylodes (lancea) Rhizome, which compose an essential Kampo prescription called shikunshito. Although more research is required to further clarify the effectiveness of Kampo medicine, it has valid efficacy even in cases of glossodynia that remain incurable by conventional treatments.
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Wang YZ, Zhang J, Zhao YL, Li T, Shen T, Li JQ, Li WY, Liu HG. Mycology, cultivation, traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Wolfiporia cocos (Schwein.) Ryvarden et Gilb.: a review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 147:265-276. [PMID: 23528366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Wolfiporia cocos (Schwein.) Ryvarden et Gilb. has a long history as a Chinese traditional medicine with uses of inducing diuresis, excreting dampness, invigorating the spleen, and tranquilizing the mind. Recently, Wolfiporia cocos has received increasing interest, and phytochemical and pharmacological studies have validated the traditional uses of this species. AIMS OF THE REVIEW To provide an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of the mycology, cultivation, traditional uses, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities aspects of Wolfiporia cocos in order to highlight its ethnopharmacological use and to explore its therapeutic potentials and to provide a basis for future research. MATERIALS AND METHODS The accessible literature, from 1980 to 2012, on Wolfiporia cocos written in English, Chinese, French, Korean, Spanish and Turkish were selected and analyzed. RESULTS The phytochemical and modern pharmacological studies demonstrated that Wolfiporia cocos possess a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities, such as anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-rejection, nematicidal, anti-hyperglycemic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertonic stress activities, which could be explained by the presence of various triterpenes and polysaccharides. CONCLUSIONS Modern phytochemical and pharmacological investigations showed that major active components separated from Wolfiporia cocos had anti-tumor, anti-oxidant, anti-rejection activities, and so on. Further investigations are needed to explore the relationship of the molecular mass, chain stiffness, and water solubility of polysaccharide from Wolfiporia cocos with the antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhong Wang
- Institute of Medicinal Plants, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 650223 Kunming, China
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Cheng S, Eliaz I, Lin J, Thyagarajan-Sahu A, Sliva D. Triterpenes from Poria cocos suppress growth and invasiveness of pancreatic cancer cells through the downregulation of MMP-7. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1869-74. [PMID: 23588713 PMCID: PMC3699575 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Poria cocos is a medicinal mushroom that is widely used in traditional Asian medicine. Here, we show that a characterized mixture of triterpenes extracted from P. cocos (PTE) and three purified triterpenes: pachymic acid (PA), dehydropachymic acid (DPA) and polyporenic acid C (PPAC) suppress the proliferation of the human pancreatic cancer cell lines Panc-1, MiaPaca-2, AsPc-1 and BxPc-3. Moreover, the most effective compound, PA, only slightly affects the proliferation of HPDE-6 normal pancreatic duct epithelial cells. The anti-proliferative effects of PTE on BxPc-3 cells are mediated by the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. DNA microarray analysis demonstrated that PTE significantly downregulates the expression of KRAS and matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) in BxPc-3 cells. In addition, PTE and PA suppress the invasive behavior of BxPc-3 cells. The inhibition of invasiveness by PTE and PA was associated with the reduction of MMP-7 at the protein level and the role of MMP-7 further confirmed by the gene silencing of MMP-7 which also suppressed the invasiveness of BxPc-3 cells. In conclusion, triterpenes from P. cocos demonstrate anticancer and anti-invasive effects on human pancreatic cancer cells and can be considered as new therapeutic agents in the treatment of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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