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Yücel NT, Asfour AAR, Evren AE, Yazıcı C, Kandemir Ü, Özkay ÜD, Can ÖD, Yurttaş L. Design and synthesis of novel dithiazole carboxylic acid Derivatives: In vivo and in silico investigation of their Anti-Inflammatory and analgesic effects. Bioorg Chem 2024; 144:107120. [PMID: 38219479 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is a complex set of interactions that can occur in tissues as the body's defensive response to infections, trauma, allergens, or toxic compounds. Therefore, in almost all diseases, it can be observed because of primary or secondary reasons. Since it is important to control and even eliminate the symptoms of inflammation in the treatment of many diseases, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs are always needed in the clinic. Therefore, the discovery of new anti-inflammatory/analgesic drugs with increased effectiveness and safer side effect profiles is among the popular topics of medicinal chemistry. Therefore, in this study, in order to synthesize and diversify new molecules, we focused on the N,N-dithiazole carboxylic acid core and linked it with the chalcone functional group. The final eleven molecules were analyzed via HRMS, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The antinociceptive effects of the test compounds were examined by tail-clip, hot-plate, and formalin methods in mice, while their anti-inflammatory activities were investigated by carrageenan-induced inflammation tests in rats. The motor activities of the experimental animals were evaluated using an activity-meter device. Obtained findings revealed that none of the test compounds (10 mg/kg) were effective in the tail-clip and hot-plate tests. However, compounds 4b, 4c, 4f, 4 h, and 4 k in the serial shortened the paw-licking times of mice in the late phase of the formalin test indicating that these compounds had peripherally-mediated antinociceptive effects. The same compounds, moreover, showed potent anti-inflammatory effects by significantly reducing paw edema of rats in the inflammation tests. To provide an approach to pharmacological findings regarding possible mechanisms of action, the binding modes of the most active compounds were investigated by in silico approaches. The results of molecular docking studies indicated that the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the compounds might be related to the inhibition of both COX-1 and COX-2 isoenzymes. Findings obtained from in silico studies showed that 4 k, which was chosen as a model for its analogs in the series, forms strong bindings to the basic residues (Arg120, Tyr355), side pocket loop area and deep hydrophobic regions of the enzyme. Moreover, results of the molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that ligand-COX enzyme complexes are quite stable. Obtained results of in vivo and in silico studies are in harmony, and all together point out that compounds 4b, 4c, 4f, 4 h, and 4 k have significant anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities with good ADME profiles. The potential of the derivatives, whose pharmacological activities were revealed for the first time in this study, as anti-inflammatory and analgesic drug candidates, needs to be evaluated through comprehensive clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazlı Turan Yücel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Abd Al Rahman Asfour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Asaf Evrim Evren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey; Pharmacy Services, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Seyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11100, Turkey.
| | - Cevşen Yazıcı
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Ümmühan Kandemir
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey; Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik 11100, Turkey
| | - Ümide Demir Özkay
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Özgür Devrim Can
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
| | - Leyla Yurttaş
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26100, Turkey
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Fadaei MS, Fadaei MR, Kheirieh AE, Rahmanian-Devin P, Dabbaghi MM, Nazari Tavallaei K, Shafaghi A, Hatami H, Baradaran Rahimi V, Nokhodchi A, Askari VR. Niosome as a promising tool for increasing the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory compounds. EXCLI JOURNAL 2024; 23:212-263. [PMID: 38487088 PMCID: PMC10938253 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Niosomes are drug delivery systems with widespread applications in pharmaceutical research and the cosmetic industry. Niosomes are vesicles of one or more bilayers made of non-ionic surfactants, cholesterol, and charge inducers. Because of their bilayer characteristics, similar to liposomes, niosomes can be loaded with lipophilic and hydrophilic cargos. Therefore, they are more stable and cheaper in preparation than liposomes. They can be classified into four categories according to their sizes and structures, namely small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs), large unilamellar vesicles (LUVs,), multilamellar vesicles (MLVs), and multivesicular vesicles (MVVs). There are many methods for niosome preparation, such as thin-film hydration, solvent injection, and heating method. The current study focuses on the preparation methods and pharmacological effects of niosomes loaded with natural and chemical anti-inflammatory compounds in kinds of literature during the past decade. We found that most research was carried out to load anti-inflammatory agents like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) into niosome vesicles. The studies revealed that niosomes could improve anti-inflammatory agents' physicochemical properties, including solubility, cellular uptake, stability, encapsulation, drug release and liberation, efficiency, and oral bioavailability or topical absorption. See also the graphical abstract(Fig. 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Saleh Fadaei
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Fadaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Emad Kheirieh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Pouria Rahmanian-Devin
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Abouzar Shafaghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hooman Hatami
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Lupin Pharmaceutical Research Center, 4006 NW 124th Ave., Coral Springs, Florida, FL 33065, USA
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Raafat K, al Haj M. Modulators of diabetic neuropathy and inflammation from Saponaria officinalis: Isolation of active phytochemicals and potential mechanisms of action. J Tradit Complement Med 2023; 13:226-235. [PMID: 37128196 PMCID: PMC10148123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim Natural metabolites are rich in neuroactive and anti-inflammatory phytochemicals. Soapwort or Saponaria officinalis (Sap) has been utilized for its immunomodulatory and ant-rheumatic properties. Thus, the aim is to exploit Sap phytochemically and to investigate Sap isolated active phytochemicals effect to modulate diabetic neuropathy and inflammation, and their possible mechanisms of action. Experimental procedure Bio-guided chromatographic fractionation and phytochemical isolation of the most abundant Sap phytochemicals utilizing RP-HPLC, 13C, and 1H NMR, in-vivo models of diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, and inflammation were used. Glucometers, HbA1c micro-columns, in-vivo hind-paw edema, tail-flick, hot plate, and Von-Frey filaments methods were utilized to investigate the acute, subchronic, and long term diabetes, inflammation, hyperalgesia, and mechanical allodynia. In-vivo antioxidant, inhibitory alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase, and serum insulin levels, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha cytokines levels were utilized to investigate Sap mechanisms of action. Results and conclusion The phytochemical post-hydrolysis RP-HPLC investigation results show six major peaks; Quillaic acid (12.5%), Quillaic acid 22 β-OH (11.25%), Gypsogenin (21.25%), Phytolaccinic acid (18.75%), Phytolaccinic acid (17.50%), and Echynocystic acid (15.10%). The bio-guided chromatographic fractionation investigation utilizing reversed phase HPLC, 13C and 1H NMR has shown that Quillaic acid (QA) is the most abundant and biologically active compound. Sap 20 mg/kg has shown the highest potency in normalization of blood glucose level (BGL) acutely (6-h), subchronically (eight-days), and longer-term (eight-weeks) correlated to Sap 10 and 7 mg/kg, and QA 0.7, 1.0, 2.0 mg/kg. The highest amelioration of diabetic neuropathy (thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia) was Sap 20 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory potentials of Sap 20 mg/kg have shown dominance in decreasing carrageenan-induced in-vivo hind-paw edema. The anti-nociceptive mechanism of action might be due to Sap insulin secretagogue and the in-vivo antioxidant potentials. The reduction of IL-6 cytokines and TNF-alpha, along with the elevation of the IL-10 cytokine level might be the underlying Sap anti-inflammatory mechanism. Phytochemically, QA has shown to be the most abundant and biologically active compound in Sap extract. Sap has shown significant (p < 0.05) anti-diabetic, anti-diabetic neuropathy, and anti-inflammatory effects. Our results provide new insights into the potential effects of Saponaria and Quillaic acid as future alternative therapies against diabetic neuropathy and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Raafat
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
- Corresponding author.
| | - Mazen al Haj
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Arab International University, Damascus, Syria
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Alloferon-1 ameliorates acute inflammatory responses in λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16689. [PMID: 36202869 PMCID: PMC9537184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20648-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alloferon-1 have been proposed as an effective peptide to enhance antitumoral immunity, antiviral defense and anti-inflammatory activity. This work aimed to assess anti-inflammatory effects of alloferon-1 against acute inflammation and histopathological deformations in λ-carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. Systemic pretreatment with alloferon-1 (22.0 mg/kg) intraperitoneally injected mice showed a significant reduction in paw thickness and vascular permeability. Alloferon-1 prevented λ-carrageenan-evoked exudation and the neutrophil influx to the mouse pleura and the neutrophil migration into carrageenan-stimulated mouse air pouches based on the histopathological changes in the paw tissues. Administration of alloferon-1 also suppressed the expression of the inflammatory cytokines in the inflamed paw tissues such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP1), interleukin-5 (IL-5), etc. detected by Luminex liquid chip. Collectively, the present study provides evidences for the marked anti-inflammatory effects of alloferon-1 which might represent new therapeutic options for the treatment of acute inflammatory diseases.
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Kostelanská K, Kurhajec S, Pavloková S, Vetchý D, Gajdziok J, Franc A. Technology of Processing Plant Extracts Using an Aluminometasilicate Porous Carrier into a Solid Dosage Form. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14020248. [PMID: 35213981 PMCID: PMC8878878 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A method of preparing tablets called liquisolid technique is currently emerging. In these formulations, an important role is played by porous carriers, which are the basic building blocks of liquisolid systems (LSSs). The most common are microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), magnesium aluminometasilicates, silica aerogels, mesoporous silicates, clays, etc. In this study, magnesium aluminometasilicate is used to prepare modified LSS formulations with plant extracts as model drugs dissolved in water (W) or ethanol (E). The modification involves drying tablets in a microwave (MW) and hot air dryer (HA) for a specified period. Powder blends and tablets were evaluated for physical properties, and their antioxidant activity (AA) was measured in a modified dissolution by ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP). PLS and ANOVA were used to compare tablets properties depending on the composition and technology. The experiment is based on a previous one, in which the plant extracts were processed into tablets using a similar method. Therefore, extending the study to include more plants and the robust statistical evaluation and comparison of the products was a procedure to justify the suitability of the presented method for a wide range of liquid plant extracts. As a result, we obtained tablets with excellent physical properties, including a short disintegration and dissolution, which is problematic in tableted extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Kostelanská
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého třída 1946/1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (S.P.); (D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Slavomír Kurhajec
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmacognosy and Botany, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 041 81 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Sylvie Pavloková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého třída 1946/1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (S.P.); (D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - David Vetchý
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého třída 1946/1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (S.P.); (D.V.); (A.F.)
| | - Jan Gajdziok
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého třída 1946/1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (S.P.); (D.V.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +420-541-562-869
| | - Aleš Franc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palackého třída 1946/1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (K.K.); (S.P.); (D.V.); (A.F.)
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Kim J, Lee G, Kang H, Yoo JS, Lee Y, Lee HS, Choi CY. Stauntonia hexaphylla leaf extract (YRA-1909) suppresses inflammation by modulating Akt/NF-κB signaling in lipopolysaccharide-activated peritoneal macrophages and rodent models of inflammation. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:7666. [PMID: 34776829 PMCID: PMC8559446 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is emerging as a key contributor to many vascular diseases and furthermore plays a major role in autoimmune diseases, arthritis, allergic reactions, and cancer. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which is a component constituting the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is commonly used for an inflammatory stimuli to mimic inflammatory diseases. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a transcription factor and regulates gene expression particularly related to the inflammatory process. Stauntonia hexaphylla (Lardizabalaceae) is widely used as a traditional herbal medicine for rheumatism and osteoporosis and as an analgesic, sedative, and diuretic in Korea, Japan, and China. Objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of YRA-1909, the leaf aqueous extract of Stauntonia hexaphylla using LPS-activated rat peritoneal macrophages and rodent inflammation models. Results YRA-1909 inhibited the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokine production in rat peritoneal macrophages without causing cytotoxicity and reduced inducible NO synthase and prostaglandin E2 levels without affecting the cyclooxygenase-2 expression. YRA-1909 also prevented the LPS-stimulated Akt and NF-κB phosphorylation and reduced the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema, xylene-induced ear edema, acetic acid-induced vascular permeation, and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation in a dose-dependent manner in mice and rats. Conclusions S. hexaphylla leaf extract YRA-1909 had anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo that involves modulation of Akt/NF-κB signaling. Thus, YRA-1909 is safe and effective for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Kim
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuok Lee
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Huwon Kang
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Seok Yoo
- Rexpharmtech. Co., Ltd., Yongin, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongnam Lee
- Rexpharmtech. Co., Ltd., Yongin, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Sung Lee
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation, Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research (JINR), Jeollanamdo, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul-Yung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Telichowska A, Kobus-Cisowska J, Szulc P, Wilk R, Szwajgier D, Szymanowska D. Prunus padus L. bark as a functional promoting component in functional herbal infusions – cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitory, antioxidant, and antimicrobial effects. OPEN CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2021-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The study assessed the health-promoting properties and the content of minerals in the bark of bird cherry (Prunus padus L.), which was then used as an ingredient in functional teas. The infusions were made with the use of Matricaria chamomilla L., Tilia cordata Mill., and Calendula officinalis L., and then combined with the bark in various proportions. The prepared infusions were tested for antioxidant activity, ability to reduce copper ions and iron ions, as well as the ability to scavenge hydroxyl radicals. In the next stage, the antimicrobial activity and the ability to inhibit the enzyme cycloxygenase-2 were assessed. Bird cherry bark contains a high potassium content of 19.457 ± 762 mg/kg d.m. In all the tests evaluating the antioxidant activity, infusions from the bark of bird cherry alone and with its 30% addition had the strongest properties. The analyzed infusions also have the ability to reduce Cu(ii) ions; they are active to reduce Fe(iii) ions and scavenge hydroxyl radical. The highest antimicrobial activity was found for teas with 20 and 30% bark, especially against Listeria monocytogenes (25.0–27.0 mm) (±3.0). The bark infusion was also found to have the highest inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) – 77.0%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Telichowska
- Foundation for the Education of Innovation and Implementation of Modern Technologies , 62-069, Dabrowka , Poznan , Poland
| | - Joanna Kobus-Cisowska
- Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Food, Poznan University of Life Sciences , 60-637 , Poznan , Poland
| | - Piotr Szulc
- Department of Agronomy, Poznan University of Life Sciences , 60-637, Poznan , Poland
| | - Radosław Wilk
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences , 60-637 , Poznan , Poland
| | - Dominik Szwajgier
- Department of Biotechnology, Human Nutrition and Science of Food Commodities, University of Life Sciences in Lublin , 20-704 , Lublin , Poland
| | - Daria Szymanowska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences , 60-638, Poznan , Poland
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Science , 60-781 Poznan , Poland
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Magiera A, Marchelak A, Michel P, Owczarek A, Olszewska MA. Lipophilic extracts from leaves, inflorescences and fruits of Prunus padus L. as potential sources of corosolic, ursolic and oleanolic acids with anti-inflammatory activity. Nat Prod Res 2021; 35:2263-2268. [PMID: 31533493 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1666385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chloroform extracts from leaves, inflorescences and fruits of Prunus padus were analysed for anti-inflammatory activity and accumulation of corosolic (CA), ursolic (UA) and oleanolic (OA) acids. The analytes were identified and quantified by GC-MS and UHPLC-PDA. Their total levels depend on plant material type and harvesting time, and varied from 0.25 mg/g DW in fruits, through 0.76-1.09 mg/g DW in flowers, to 1.41-4.54 mg/g DW in leaves. Significant variation in the leaf analytes contents was observed during vegetation with the peak amounts in autumn, which indicated the optimal harvesting season. The plant extracts inhibited pro-inflammatory enzymes (lipoxygenase and hyaluronidase) in a concentration-dependent manner, and their activity parameters correlated with the levels and activity of pure triterpene acids, especially CA and UA. The results of the comparison with the positive controls (heparin, indomethacin, dexamethasone) might partly support the application of P. padus in anti-inflammatory therapies, reported by traditional medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Magiera
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Marchelak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Piotr Michel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Owczarek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Monika A Olszewska
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Sile I, Videja M, Makrecka-Kuka M, Tirzite D, Pajuste K, Shubin K, Krizhanovska V, Grinberga S, Pugovics O, Dambrova M. Chemical composition of Prunus padus L. flower extract and its anti-inflammatory activities in primary bone marrow-derived macrophages. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113678. [PMID: 33307057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Prunus padus L. has been traditionally used in European ethnomedicine as a treatment for internal and external purposes and is mainly used to reduce inflammation, pain and fever. The activities of P. padus flower extracts are not well characterized, and additional experimental studies at the molecular level are needed to confirm the ethnobotanical findings. AIM OF THE STUDY To assess the potential of P. padus flower extract (PPFE) as a source of bioactive compounds through the characterization of its chemical composition and antioxidant, anti-collagenase, and anti-inflammatory activities. MATERIALS AND METHODS The ethanolic extract (1:10 w/v in ethanol solution) from P. padus flowers was subjected to phytochemical analysis and evaluation of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. Anti-collagenase activity was determined using a spectrophotometric method in vitro. The effect of PPFE on inflammation was evaluated by measuring specific markers using flow cytometry and assessing pro-inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) release by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) ex vivo. RESULTS The major components of the ethanolic extract of P. padus flowers were quercetin diglycosides, chlorogenic acid and N',N″-dicaffeoyl,N‴-coumaroyl spermidine. The total phenolic content of PPFE was 85.19 mg GAE/g extract, and the EC50 value in the DPPH assay was 0.55 mg/ml. PPFE exhibited the ability to inhibit collagenase activity in a dose-dependent manner. Preincubation of BMDMs with PPFE reduced the population of M1 (pro-inflammatory) and increased the population of M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages. Furthermore, PPFE decreased pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 release from BMDMs. CONCLUSIONS PPFE is a rich source of bioactive compounds and possesses considerable anti-inflammatory properties, supporting its use in ethnomedicine for the reduction of inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Sile
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia; Department of Dosage Form Technology, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Melita Videja
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia.
| | - Marina Makrecka-Kuka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Dace Tirzite
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Karlis Pajuste
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Kirill Shubin
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | | | - Solveiga Grinberga
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Osvalds Pugovics
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia.
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, 21 Aizkraukles Str., LV-1006, Riga, Latvia; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Riga Stradins University, 16 Dzirciema Str, Riga, LV-1007, Latvia.
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Okur ME, Karadağ AE, Özhan Y, Sipahi H, Ayla Ş, Daylan B, Kültür Ş, Demirci B, Demirci F. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and in vivo-in vitro wound healing potential of the Phlomis rigida Labill. extract. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113408. [PMID: 32979409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The preparations of Phlomis aerial parts are used traditionally in Anatolia for wound healing and in inflammatory disorders. METHODS For the identification of the active fraction, the air dried aerial parts of Phlomis rigida Labill. were extracted by methanol and fractionated successively by n-hexane, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate, respectively. The phenolic constituents were characterized by the Folin-Ciocaltheu method; the antioxidant activity was performed by ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging assays. In vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by LOX enzyme inhibition, spectrophotometrically as well as cell cultures. The wound healing properties of P. rigida extract gels were studied via in vitro cell culture methods and in vivo by excisional wound model using Balb-c mice. The P. rigida extract was analyzed and characterized by GC-FID, GC-MS, and LC-MS. RESULTS The P. rigida methanol extract showed moderate LOX inhibitory at IC50 = 19.5 ± 2.8 μg/mL whereas the antioxidant activity was by DPPH• IC50 = 0.89 mg/mL, and by ABTS• IC50 = 0.99 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, a remarkable P. rigida extracts anti-inflammatory activity was observed in the cell culture assay, which was then confirmed by the in vitro wound healing activity applied at 0.125-0.5 mg/mL concentrations, resulting in a dose-dependent increase in wound closure at the final stage. The P. rigida gel formulation was prepared to evaluate the extract in vivo, whereas the experimental results of the new gel formulation supported the findings of the in vitro wound healing activity. CONCLUSION The findings of this in vitro and in vivo study suggest that the wound healing and anti-inflammatory properties provide a scientific evidence of the ethnopharmacological application of Phlomis species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Evren Okur
- University of Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ayşe Esra Karadağ
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey; Anadolu University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Yağmur Özhan
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Hande Sipahi
- Yeditepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Şule Ayla
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Benay Daylan
- Istanbul Medipol University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, 34810, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Şükran Kültür
- İstanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Betül Demirci
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Fatih Demirci
- Anadolu University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacognosy, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey; Eastern Mediterranean University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Famagusta, N. Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey.
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11
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Telichowska A, Kobus-Cisowska J, Ligaj M, Stuper-Szablewska K, Szymanowska D, Tichoniuk M, Szulc P. Polyphenol content and antioxidant activities of Prunus padus L. and Prunus serotina L. leaves: Electrochemical and spectrophotometric approach and their antimicrobial properties. OPEN CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/chem-2020-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare the content of selected phytochemicals as well as the antioxidant and antimicrobial potential of the leaves of Prunus padus L. and Prunus serotina L., as there is very little research on this subject in the literature. Therefore, it is used to deepen knowledge on this subject. In addition, an electrochemical test was also carried out, which was not yet available for the above plants. Antibacterial studies have also been deepened to include the analysis of new strains of bacteria and fungi, which has not been studied earlier. The water extracts of P. padus using the utra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) system showed a higher content of both phenolic acids and flavonols (651.77b ± 18.12 mg/100 g dw for acids and 3.85b ± 0.08 mg/100 g dw for flavonols, respectively). Ferulic and p-coumaric acids were the dominant polyphenols in leaves. Extracts from P. padus showed higher activity against DPPH radical, which was 6.62b ± 0.06 mg TE/1 g dw, as well as higher antioxidant capacity, measured using 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) cation radical (37.39b ± 3.81 mg TE/g dw). The higher antioxidant potential of P. padus was confirmed based on the oxidizing potentials of electroactive compounds present in them. Stronger inhibition against Enterococcus faecium and Klebsiella pneumoniae was found for P. padus, whereas P. serotina extract was more potent against Enterococcus faecium bacterium. It has been shown that P. padus can be an attractive raw material with antioxidant and antimicrobial properties that can be used on a much wider scale in food technology than its current application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Telichowska
- Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
- Foundation for the Education of Innovation and Implementation of Modern Technologies, 62-069, Dabrowka, Poland
| | - Joanna Kobus-Cisowska
- Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marta Ligaj
- Department of Industrial Products Quality and Packaging, Poznań University of Economics and Business, 61-875, Poznań, Poland
| | - Kinga Stuper-Szablewska
- Department of Chemistry, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Daria Szymanowska
- Department of Gastronomy Sciences and Functional Foods, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Mariusz Tichoniuk
- Department of Industrial Products Quality and Packaging, Poznań University of Economics and Business, 61-875, Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Szulc
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Poznan University of Medical Science, 60-781, Poznan, Poland; Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-627, Poznan, Poland
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12
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Cavalloro V, Bracco F, Collina S, Martino E. Focus on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Profile of Prunus lycioides (=Amygdalus lycioides). Mini Rev Med Chem 2020; 20:2207-2214. [PMID: 32744969 DOI: 10.2174/1389557520666200730153653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prunus lycioides (Spach) C.K. Schneid. (= Amygdalus lycioides Spach.), popularly recognized as "Badam Talkh kuhi", is an endemic species of Iran. It is widely distributed in Central and West Asia, where it plays a role in preventing and controlling soil erosion. Although domestic species of Prunus genus are well known and widely used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries, inadequate information about wild species is available so far. As far as Prunus lycioides, it is commonly used by native people in traditional medicine for treating diabetes, inflammatory diseases, and microbial infections. The wild almonds are traditionally exploited for oil extraction due to their antioxidant properties. This review summarizes advances in the studies regarding Prunus lycioides and its pharmacological properties. The aim of the review is to renew the interest in this promising plant, thus stimulating researchers to go further with the study for discovering new bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Cavalloro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesco Bracco
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simona Collina
- Department of Drug Sciences, Medicinal Chemistry Section, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Emanuela Martino
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Phytopharmacological Possibilities of Bird Cherry Prunus padus L. and Prunus serotina L. Species and Their Bioactive Phytochemicals. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12071966. [PMID: 32630652 PMCID: PMC7399899 DOI: 10.3390/nu12071966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild cherry is a plant observed in the form of trees or shrubs. This species comprises about twenty kinds of plants and the most popular are two, Prunus padus L. and Prunus serotina L., whose properties and content of phytochemical compounds are subject to studies. Wild cherry contains many active compounds, including tocopherols, vitamins, polyphenols and terpenes, which can have beneficial effects on health. On the other hand, wild cherry contains cyanogenic glycosides. Nevertheless, current research results indicate pro-health properties associated with both P. serotina and P. padus. The aim of this study was to collect and present the current state of knowledge about wild cherry and to review available in vitro and in vivo studies concerning its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antidiabetic activity. Moreover, the current work presents and characterizes phytochemical content in the leaves, bark and fruits of P. padus and P. serotina and compiles data that indicate their health-promoting and functional properties and possibilities of using them to improve health. We find that the anatomical parts of P. padus and P. serotina can be a valuable raw material used in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries as a source of bioactive compounds with multi-directional action.
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Raafat KM, El-Zahaby SA. Niosomes of active Fumaria officinalis phytochemicals: antidiabetic, antineuropathic, anti-inflammatory, and possible mechanisms of action. Chin Med 2020. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-020-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fumaria officinalis (F. officinalis, FO) has been used in many inflammatory and painful-ailments. The main aim of this work is to perform an in-depth bio-guided phytochemical investigation of F. officinalis by identifying its main-active ingredients. Optimizing pharmacokinetics via niosomal-preparation will also be done to enhance their in vivo antineuropathic and anti-inflammatory potentials, and to explore their possible-mechanism of actions.
Methods
Bio-guided phytochemical-investigations including fractionation, isolation, chromatographic-standardization, and identification of the most active compound(s) were done. Optimized niosomal formulations of F. officinalis most active compound(s) were prepared and characterized. An in vivo biological-evaluation was done exploring acute, subchronic, and chronic alloxan-induced diabetes and diabetic-neuropathy, and carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory-pain and chronic-inflammatory edema.
Results
In-vivo bio-guided fractionation and chromatographic phytochemical-analysis showed that the alkaloid-rich fraction (ARF) is the most-active fraction. ARF contained two major alkaloids; Stylopine 48.3%, and Sanguinarine 51.6%. In-vitro optimization, analytical, and in vivo biological-investigations showed that the optimized-niosome, Nio-2, was the most optimized niosomal formulation. Nio-2 had particle size 96.56 ± 1.87 nm and worked by improving the pharmacokinetic-properties of ARF developing adequate entrapment-efficiency, rapid-degradation, and acceptable stability in simulated GI conditions. FO, ARF, and Nio 2 were the most potent antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory compounds. The reduction of the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and elevation the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 levels and amelioration of the in vivo oxidative-stress might be the main-mechanism responsible for their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities.
Conclusions
Fumaria officinalis most-active fraction was identified as ARF. This study offers an efficient and novel practical oral formulation ameliorating various inflammatory conditions and diabetic complications especially neuropathic-pain.
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15
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The Status of Prunus padus L. (Bird Cherry) in Forest Communities throughout Europe and Asia. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11050497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Prunus padus L. (bird cherry) belongs to the Racemosa group in subgenus Padus in the genus Prunus L. It is a hardy invasive species, which makes it valuable for securing slopes, and for eco-design. It is a good solitary park tree with early flowering of white flowers in racemes, which have a pleasant smell. However, it may be attacked by cherry-oat aphid, and the small ermine moth, which may weave giant webs over the whole tree, which demonstrates the important role of P. padus in the food web of forest ecosystems. The species is in balance with these pests, other herbivores and diseases throughout Europe and Asia. Another threat is the competition against the invasive P. serotina, but it seems that P. padus is not strongly threatened, though they compete for the same habitats. Moreover, human interference of forest community ecology is probably the greatest threat. The tree is not only winter hardy; it can also survive hot summers and tolerate a wide variety of soil types. It may form dense thickets due to the regeneration of branches bent to the ground and basal shoots, and may be invasive. These characteristics are important in determining the ecological niche of P. padus, which involves the position of the species within an ecosystem, comprising both its habitat requirements and the functional role. It is also important that P. padus has effective dispersal of pollen and seeds. This, together with the previously noted characteristics and the fact that the tree can cope well with climate change, define it as a not threatened species. However, the ssp. borealis is threatened and national level monitoring is required. Prunus padus has been exploited by farmers and rural population, but is less used today. However, it is still used for making syrup, jam and liquor. Moreover, the wood is valuable for wood carving and making cabinets. All tissues are valuable as sources of powerful natural antioxidants. However, the interest in the P. padus fruit and other tissues is overshadowed by the interest in other wild species of edible and human health-related berries. Moreover, the tree is used in horticulture as an ornamental in gardens and parks, values that deserve a new focus.
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16
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Raafat KM, El-Zahaby SA. Niosomes of active Fumaria officinalis phytochemicals: antidiabetic, antineuropathic, anti-inflammatory, and possible mechanisms of action. Chin Med 2020; 15:40. [PMID: 32377229 PMCID: PMC7195756 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fumaria officinalis (F. officinalis, FO) has been used in many inflammatory and painful-ailments. The main aim of this work is to perform an in-depth bio-guided phytochemical investigation of F. officinalis by identifying its main-active ingredients. Optimizing pharmacokinetics via niosomal-preparation will also be done to enhance their in vivo antineuropathic and anti-inflammatory potentials, and to explore their possible-mechanism of actions. METHODS Bio-guided phytochemical-investigations including fractionation, isolation, chromatographic-standardization, and identification of the most active compound(s) were done. Optimized niosomal formulations of F. officinalis most active compound(s) were prepared and characterized. An in vivo biological-evaluation was done exploring acute, subchronic, and chronic alloxan-induced diabetes and diabetic-neuropathy, and carrageenan-induced acute inflammatory-pain and chronic-inflammatory edema. RESULTS In-vivo bio-guided fractionation and chromatographic phytochemical-analysis showed that the alkaloid-rich fraction (ARF) is the most-active fraction. ARF contained two major alkaloids; Stylopine 48.3%, and Sanguinarine 51.6%. In-vitro optimization, analytical, and in vivo biological-investigations showed that the optimized-niosome, Nio-2, was the most optimized niosomal formulation. Nio-2 had particle size 96.56 ± 1.87 nm and worked by improving the pharmacokinetic-properties of ARF developing adequate entrapment-efficiency, rapid-degradation, and acceptable stability in simulated GI conditions. FO, ARF, and Nio 2 were the most potent antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory compounds. The reduction of the pro-inflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and Interleukin 6 (IL-6), and elevation the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 levels and amelioration of the in vivo oxidative-stress might be the main-mechanism responsible for their antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. CONCLUSIONS Fumaria officinalis most-active fraction was identified as ARF. This study offers an efficient and novel practical oral formulation ameliorating various inflammatory conditions and diabetic complications especially neuropathic-pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim M. Raafat
- grid.18112.3b0000 0000 9884 2169Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, 115020 Lebanon
| | - Sally A. El-Zahaby
- grid.442603.70000 0004 0377 4159Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Gastroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of Prunus cerasus phytochemicals and their possible mechanisms of action. J Tradit Complement Med 2019; 10:345-353. [PMID: 32695651 PMCID: PMC7365781 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prunus cerasus (P. cerasus) is an alternative-medicine used traditionally for amelioration of chronic-ailments marked by elevation in oxidative-stress like neuropathy. The oxidative-stress control was reported to ameliorate the inflammatory-process. This study aimed to phytochemically-investigate P. cerasus most-active phytochemicals utilizing in-vivo biological models to explore their gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive potentials and their possible mechanisms of action. Sonication with EtAc was used to extract P. cerasus fruit (Scf), and seed (Scs). The phytochemical-investigation of Scf was performed by RP-HPLC, while that of Scs was explored utilizing GC-FID. A bio-guided-fraction and isolation method was done utilizing column-chromatography, and have shown that cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cy3G) was the most-active constituent in Scf, while linoleic-acid (LA) was the most-active constituent in Scs. Scf, Scs, Cy3G, and LA significantly (p ˂ 0.05) protected the gastric-mucosa against HCl/EtOH-induced gastric-lesions. Scs (200 mg/kg) has shown the most gastroprotective-potentials, and had comparable-results to ranitidine (50 mg/kg). Scf, Scs, Cy3G, and LA have shown significant anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potentials against carrageenan induced-edema and nociceptive-pain, respectively, where Scs (200 mg/kg) has shown the most anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive potentials, and had comparable results to ibuprofen (100 mg/kg). Scf, Scs, Cy3G, and LA have counter-acted carrageenan-induced oxidative-stress markers, with increased serum-catalase and reduced-glutathione levels, and decreased lipid-peroxidation. Histopathological-studies demonstrated gastroprotective potentials, regeneration and improvement of the spleen-structural architecture when treated with highest doses of Scs and Scf. The reduction of the pro-inflammatory TNF-alpha and IL-6, and elevation the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 levels, spleen regenerative-capacity and oxidative-stress amelioration might be the main-mechanism responsible for P. cerasus anti-inflammatory potentials. P. cerasus appears to aid in ameliorating the inflammatory process, and reducing pain-thresholds while preserving the stomach.
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Key Words
- Anti-inflammatory
- Antinociceptive effects
- Cy3G, Cyanidin 3-glucoside
- EtAc, Ethyl acetate
- EtOH, ethanol
- FID, flame-ionization detector
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- Gastroprotective
- H and E staining, Hematoxylin and Eosin staining
- HAc, acetic acid
- IL-10, Interleukin 10
- IL-6, Interleukin 6
- Ib, Ibuprofen
- LA, Linoleic acid
- LPO, lipid peroxidation
- MeOH, methanol
- NSAIDs, Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Oxidative stress
- P. cerasus, Prunus cerasus
- PWT, paw withdrawal threshold
- Prunus cerasus
- Scf, sour cherry fruit ethyl acetate extract
- Scs, sour cherry seed ethyl acetate extract
- TBARS, Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
- TNF-alpha, Tumor necrosis factor alpha
- VEH, vehicle control
- e, edema
- er, erosions
- h, hemorrhage
- ic, infiltration of inflammatory cell in the sub-mucosa
- mu, mucosa
- sm, sub-mucosa
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Baek SC, Park MH, Ryu HW, Lee JP, Kang MG, Park D, Park CM, Oh SR, Kim H. Rhamnocitrin isolated from Prunus padus var. seoulensis: A potent and selective reversible inhibitor of human monoamine oxidase A. Bioorg Chem 2018; 83:317-325. [PMID: 30396116 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Three flavanones and two flavones were isolated from the leaves of Prunus padus var. seoulensis by the activity-guided screening for new monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors. Among the compounds isolated, rhamnocitrin (5) was found to potently and selectively inhibit human MAO-A (hMAO-A, IC50 = 0.051 µM) and effectively inhibit hMAO-B (IC50 = 2.97 µM). The IC50 value of 5 for hMAO-A was the lowest amongst all natural flavonoids reported to date, and the potency was 20.2 times higher than that of toloxatone (1.03 µM), a marketed drug. In addition, 5 reversibly and competitively inhibited hMAO-A and hMAO-B with Ki values of 0.030 and 0.91 µM, respectively. Genkwanin (4) was also observed to strongly inhibit hMAO-A and hMAO-B (IC50 = 0.14 and 0.35 µM, respectively), and competitively inhibit hMAO-A and hMAO-B (Ki = 0.097 and 0.12 µM, respectively). Molecular docking simulation reveals that the binding affinity of 5 with hMAO-A (-18.49 kcal/mol) is higher than that observed with hMAO-B (0.19 kcal/mol). Compound 5 interacts with hMAO-A at four possible residues (Asn181, Gln215, Thr336, and Tyr444), while hMAO-B forms a single hydrogen bond at Glu84. These findings suggest that compound 5 as well as 4 can be considered as novel potent and reversible hMAO-A and/or hMAO-B inhibitors or useful lead compounds for future development of hMAO inhibitors in neurological disorder therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Cheol Baek
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hyeon Park
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Won Ryu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Pil Lee
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyun Kang
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Min Park
- Center for Convergent Research of Emerging Virus Infection, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sei-Ryang Oh
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea.
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Simões RR, Kraus SI, Coelho IS, Dal-Secco D, Siebert DA, Micke GA, Alberton MD, Santos ARS. Eugenia brasiliensis leaves extract attenuates visceral and somatic inflammatory pain in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 217:178-186. [PMID: 29462700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. (Myrtaceae) is a Brazilian tree distributed throughout Atlantic rain forest, since Bahia until Santa Catarina state, and is popularly known as "grumixaba, grumixameira, cumbixaba, ibaporoiti, and cereja-brasileira". The bark and leaves of Eugenia brasiliensis are used in folk medicine as adstringent, diuretic, energizing, anti-rheumatic and anti-inflammatory. This study aimed at investigating the chemical composition, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Eugenia brasiliensis (HEEb). MATERIAL AND METHODS Chemical composition of the HEEb was determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography/ESI-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-MS/MS). The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of HEEb (30-300 mg/kg) was verified in mice after oral administration by intra-gastric gavage (i.g.) 60 min prior to experimentation. It was investigated whether HEEb decreases visceral pain and leukocyte migration induced by an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of acetic acid (0.6%). We also evaluated whether HEEb decreases nociceptive behavior induced by formalin (including paw edema and temperature), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), histamine, and compound 48/80. Finally, we evaluated the effect of HEEb in the chronic inflammatory (mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity) pain induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA), as well as quantifying the concentration of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 in the paw by ELISA method. RESULTS Seven polyphenols were identified in HEEb by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. HEEb treatment alleviated nocifensive behavior and leukocyte migration caused by acetic acid. Moreover, HEEb also reduced the inflammatory pain and paw temperature induced by formalin, as well as it decreased nociceptive behavior induced by histamine and compound 48/80. Finally, acute and repeated treatment of animals with HEEb (100 mg/kg, i.g.) markedly reduced the mechanical and thermal (heat) hypersensitivity, besides decrease paw edema and temperature induced by CFA, and this effect was evident until the day 7. Moreover, repeated treatment with HEEb (100 mg/kg, i.g.) significantly reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in the paw when compared to the CFA group. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report showing that HEEb presents antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects in the visceral and somatic inflammatory pain in mice, possibly involving the inhibition of histamine receptors and pro-inflammatory cytokines activated pathways. Our results are of interest because they support the use of Eugenia brasiliensis as a potential source of phytomedicine for inflammatory diseases and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róli R Simões
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil; Faculdade Avantis, Balneário Camboriú, SC, Brazil.
| | - Scheila I Kraus
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Igor S Coelho
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dal-Secco
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Diogo A Siebert
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Micke
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Michele D Alberton
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau, SC, Brazil
| | - Adair R S Santos
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia da Dor e Inflamação, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
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Martins AOBPB, Rodrigues LB, Cesário FRAS, de Oliveira MRC, Tintino CDM, Castro FFE, Alcântara IS, Fernandes MNM, de Albuquerque TR, da Silva MSA, de Sousa Araújo AA, Júniur LJQ, da Costa JGM, de Menezes IRA, Wanderley AG. Anti-edematogenic and anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil from Croton rhamnifolioides leaves and its major constituent 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol). Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:384-395. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Cosmulescu S, Trandafir I, Nour V. Phenolic acids and flavonoids profiles of extracts from edible wild fruits and their antioxidant properties. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1274906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sina Cosmulescu
- Department of Horticulture & Food Science, Horticulture Faculty, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Ion Trandafir
- Department of Chemistry, Sciences Faculty, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Violeta Nour
- Department of Horticulture & Food Science, Horticulture Faculty, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
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Phytochemical Screening and Antinociceptive and Antidiarrheal Activities of Hydromethanol and Petroleum Benzene Extract of Microcos paniculata Barks. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3167085. [PMID: 27777944 PMCID: PMC5061988 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3167085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction. Microcos paniculata is traditionally used for treating diarrhea, wounds, cold, fever, hepatitis, dyspepsia, and heat stroke. Objective. To investigate the qualitative phytochemical constituents of hydromethanol (HMPB) and petroleum benzene extract of Microcos paniculata barks (PBMPB) and to evaluate their antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities. Methods. Phytochemical constituents and antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities were determined and evaluated by different tests such as Molisch's, Fehling's, Mayer's, Wagner's, Dragendorff's, frothing, FeCl3, alkali, Pew's, and Salkowski's test, general test of glycosides, Baljet and NH4OH test, formalin-induced paw licking, acetic acid-induced writhing, tail immersion, and hot plate tests, and castor oil and MgSO4 induced diarrheal tests. Results. These extracts revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, and triterpenoids and significantly (⁎P < 0.05, versus control) reduced paw licking and abdominal writhing of mice. At 30 min after their administration, PBMPB revealed significant increase in latency (⁎P < 0.05, versus control) in tail immersion test. In hot plate test, HMPB and PBMPB 200 mg/kg showed significant increase in response latency (⁎P < 0.05, versus control) at 30 min after their administration. Moreover, both extracts significantly (⁎P < 0.05, versus control) inhibited percentage of diarrhea in antidiarrheal models. Conclusion. Study results indicate that M. paniculata may provide a source of plant compounds with antinociceptive and antidiarrheal activities.
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Hyun TK, Kim HC, Kim JS. In vitro Screening for Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Antidiabetic Properties of Some Korean Native Plants on Mt. Halla, Jeju Island. Indian J Pharm Sci 2016; 77:668-74. [PMID: 26997693 PMCID: PMC4778225 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.174984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, Prunus padus, Lonicera caerulea, Berberis amurensis, and Ribes maximowiczianum, which are mainly distributed on Mt. Halla, Jeju Island, have been investigated for their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic activities. The methanol extracts of R. maximowiczianum leaves and P. padus branches exhibited significant and dose-dependent antioxidant activity including electron-donation ability and reducing power. To analyze the antimicrobial activity, each extract was tested by a serial two-fold dilution method against five selected gram-positive bacteria and four gram-negative bacteria, and this suggested that P. padus branches possessed the maximum antimicrobial activity against most of the gram-positive bacteria tested. In addition, the methanol extracts of P. padus branches exhibited the highest α-glucosidase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 1.0±0.1 μg/ml, indicating that P. padus is a promising source as a herbal medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- T K Hyun
- College of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - H C Kim
- Research Institute for Hallasan, Jeju 690-816, Republic of Korea
| | - J S Kim
- College of Applied Life Sciences, The Research Institute for Subtropical Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea
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Cruz MP, Andrade CMF, Silva KO, de Souza EP, Yatsuda R, Marques LM, David JP, David JM, Napimoga MH, Clemente-Napimoga JT. Antinoceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of the Ethanolic Extract, Fractions and Flavones Isolated from Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poir (Leguminosae). PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150839. [PMID: 26954375 PMCID: PMC4783012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The bark of Mimosa tenuiflora (Willd.) Poiret (Leguminosae family), popularly known as “jurema preta” in Brazil, is used by the population of Contendas of Sincorá (Bahia State, Brazil) for the treatment of coughs and wound healing. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the bark ethanol extract (EEMT) and solvent soluble fractions (hexane—H, DCM—D, EtOAc—E and BuOH—B) of the extract in vivo. Additionally, we synthesized 5,7-dihidroxy-4’-methoxyflavanone (isosakuranetin) and isolated the compound sakuranetin, and both compounds were also tested. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive assays performed were: writhing test; nociception induced by intraplantar formalin injection; leukocyte recruitment to the peritoneal cavity; evaluation of vascular permeability (Evans blue test); and evaluation of mechanical hypernociception (von Frey test). Production of TNF-α, IL-10, myeloperoxidase and the expression of ICAM-1 were also evaluated. Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post-test (n = 8), with P < 0.05. The EEMT showed antinociceptive activities in writhing test (100–200 mg/kg), in the second phase of the formalin test (50–200 mg/kg), and in mechanical hypernociception (100 mg/kg). EEMT showed an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity and in the plantar tissue detected by the reduction of myeloperoxidase activity (100 mg/kg), reduction of IL-10 levels and expression of ICAM-1 in the peritoneal exudate and the mesentery (100 mg/kg), respectively. The four soluble EEMT fractions showed good results in tests for antinociceptive (H, D, E, B) and anti-inflammation (H, D, E). Only sakuranetin showed reduction of the writhing and neutrophil migration (200 mg/kg). Thus, the EEMT and soluble fractions of M. tenuiflora bark demonstrated great antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities, as also sakuranetin. More studies should be conducted to elucidate the mechanism of action of this compound. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the antinociceptive activity of the M. tenuiflora fractions and the bioactive isolated compound sakuranetin in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariluze P. Cruz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Cassya M. F. Andrade
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Kelle O. Silva
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Erika P. de Souza
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Regiane Yatsuda
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Lucas M. Marques
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Juceni P. David
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge M. David
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Marcelo H. Napimoga
- Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Biology, São Leopoldo Mandic Institute and Research Center, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Niu X, Wang Y, Li W, Zhang H, Wang X, Mu Q, He Z, Yao H. Esculin exhibited anti-inflammatory activities in vivo and regulated TNF-α and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro through MAPK pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2015; 29:779-786. [PMID: 26391063 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Esculin, a coumarinic derivative found in Aesculus hippocastanum L. (Horse-chestnut), has been reported to have potent anti-inflammatory properties. The present study is designed to investigate the protective effects of esculin on various inflammation models in vivo and in vitro and to clarify the possible mechanism. Induced-animal models of inflammation and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged mouse peritoneal macrophages were used to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of esculin. In present study, xylene-induced mouse ear edema, carrageenan-induced rat paw edema, and carrageenan-induced mouse pleurisy were attenuated by esculin. In vitro, the pro-inflammatory cytokine levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in supernatant were reduced by esculin. Meanwhile, we found that esculin significantly inhibited LPS-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that esculin has potent anti-inflammatory activities in vivo and in vitro, which may involve the inhibition of the MAPK pathway. Esculin may be a promising preventive agent for inflammatory diseases in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Weifeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China.
| | - Hailin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Xiumei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Qingli Mu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Zehong He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
| | - Huan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, PR China
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Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Gelsolin in Acetic Acid Induced Writhing, Tail Immersion and Carrageenan Induced Paw Edema in Mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135558. [PMID: 26426535 PMCID: PMC4537109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma gelsolin levels significantly decline in several disease conditions, since gelsolin gets scavenged when it depolymerizes and caps filamentous actin released in the circulation following tissue injury. It is well established that our body require/implement inflammatory and analgesic responses to protect against cell damage and injury to the tissue. This study was envisaged to examine analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of exogenous gelsolin (8 mg/mouse) in mice models of pain and acute inflammation. Administration of gelsolin in acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion tests not only demonstrated a significant reduction in the number of acetic acid-induced writhing effects, but also exhibited an analgesic activity in tail immersion test in mice as compared to placebo treated mice. Additionally, anti-inflammatory function of gelsolin (8 mg/mouse) compared with anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium (10 mg/kg)] was confirmed in the carrageenan injection induced paw edema where latter was measured by vernier caliper and fluorescent tomography imaging. Interestingly, results showed that plasma gelsolin was capable of reducing severity of inflammation in mice comparable to diclofenac sodium. Analysis of cytokines and histo-pathological examinations of tissue revealed administration of gelsolin and diclofenac sodium significantly reduced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6. Additionally, carrageenan groups pretreated with diclofenac sodium or gelsolin showed a marked decrease in edema and infiltration of inflammatory cells in paw tissue. Our study provides evidence that administration of gelsolin can effectively reduce the pain and inflammation in mice model.
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Anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of untreated, germinated, and fermented mung bean aqueous extract. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:350507. [PMID: 25045389 PMCID: PMC4089844 DOI: 10.1155/2014/350507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities of untreated mung bean (MB), germinated mung bean (GMB), and fermented mung bean (FMB) was performed on both in vitro (inhibition of inflammatory mediator, nitric oxide(NO)) and in vivo (inhibition of ear oedema and reduction of response to pain stimulus) studies. Results showed that both GMB and FMB aqueous extract exhibited potent anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities in a dose-dependent manner. In vitro results showed that GMB and FMB were potent inflammatory mediator (NO) inhibitors at both 2.5 and 5 mg/mL. Further in vivo studies showed that GMB and FMB aqueous extract at 1000 mg/kg can significantly reduce ear oedema in mice caused by arachidonic acid. Besides, both 200 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg concentrations of GMB and FMB were found to exhibit potent antinociceptive effects towards hotplate induced pain. With these, it can be concluded that GMB and FMB aqueous extract exhibited potential anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects.
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Wang QS, Yang L, Cui WY, Chen L, Jiang YH. Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of methanol extract from aerial part of Phlomis younghusbandii Mukerjee. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89149. [PMID: 24598860 PMCID: PMC3943724 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activity of the methanol extract from the aerial part of Phlomis younghusbandii (MEAP) and to explore the possible related mechanisms. Anti-inflammatory effects of MEAP were evaluated by using the ear edema test induced by dimethylbenzene and vascular permeability test induced by acetic acid. Anti-nociceptive activities of MEAP were evaluated by the chemical nociception in models of acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced hind paw licking, and by the thermal nociception in hot plate tests. Mechanisms of MEAP activities also were explored by evaluating expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and iNOS induced by LPS using real-time fluorogenic PCR and expression of COX-2 using Western blotting and an open-field test. The results indicated that the MEAP administered orally could significantly decrease ear edema induced by dimethylbenzene and increase vascular permeability induced by acetic acid. Additionally, the nociceptions induced by acetic acid and formalin were significantly inhibited. The anti-nociceptive effect could not be decreased by naloxone in the formalin test, and MEAP did not affect the normal autonomic activities of mice. Expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS) induced by LPS were decreased obviously by treatment with MEAP. Furthermore, COX-2 expression in the spinal dorsal horns of the pain model mice induced by formalin was significantly down-regulated by MEAP. In conclusion, MEAP has significant anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive activities, and the mechanisms may be related to the down-regulated expression of TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Shi Wang
- Anesthesiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacology of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Wen-Yao Cui
- Anesthesiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pharmacology of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Hua Jiang
- Anesthesiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Abstract
This paper is the thirty-fifth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2012 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior (Section 2), and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia (Section 3); stress and social status (Section 4); tolerance and dependence (Section 5); learning and memory (Section 6); eating and drinking (Section 7); alcohol and drugs of abuse (Section 8); sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology (Section 9); mental illness and mood (Section 10); seizures and neurologic disorders (Section 11); electrical-related activity and neurophysiology (Section 12); general activity and locomotion (Section 13); gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions (Section 14); cardiovascular responses (Section 15); respiration and thermoregulation (Section 16); and immunological responses (Section 17).
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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