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Chen Y, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Chen J, Deng Y. The neuroprotective effect of Chinese herbal medicine for cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury through regulating mitophagy. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1378358. [PMID: 38895624 PMCID: PMC11183336 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1378358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of ischemic stroke has been increasing annually with an unfavorable prognosis. Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury can exacerbate nerve damage. Effective mitochondrial quality control including mitochondrial fission, fusion and autophagy, is crucial for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Several studies have revealed the critical role of mitophagy in Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Cerebral ischemia and hypoxia induce mitophagy, and mitophagy exhibits positive and negative effects in cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Studies have shown that Chinese herbal medicine can alleviate Cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury and serve as a neuroprotective agent by inhibiting or promoting mitophagy-mediated pathways. This review focuses on the mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy-related pathways, as well as the role of mitophagy in ischemia reperfusion injury. Additionally, it discusses the therapeutic potential and benefits of Chinese herbal monomers and decoctions in the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanling Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Wu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease Prevention and Treatment of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yihui Deng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
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Zhang G, Wang Q, Jiang B, Yao L, Wu W, Zhang X, Wan D, Gu Y. Progress of medicinal plants and their active metabolites in ischemia-reperfusion injury of stroke: a novel therapeutic strategy based on regulation of crosstalk between mitophagy and ferroptosis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1374445. [PMID: 38650626 PMCID: PMC11033413 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1374445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The death of cells can occur through various pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, mitophagy, pyroptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and disulfide-driven necrosis. Increasing evidence suggests that mitophagy and ferroptosis play crucial regulatory roles in the development of stroke. In recent years, the incidence of stroke has been gradually increasing, posing a significant threat to human health. Hemorrhagic stroke accounts for only 15% of all strokes, while ischemic stroke is the predominant type, representing 85% of all stroke cases. Ischemic stroke refers to a clinical syndrome characterized by local ischemic-hypoxic necrosis of brain tissue due to various cerebrovascular disorders, leading to rapid onset of corresponding neurological deficits. Currently, specific therapeutic approaches targeting the pathophysiological mechanisms of ischemic brain tissue injury mainly include intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular intervention. Despite some clinical efficacy, these approaches inevitably lead to ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, exploration of treatment options for ischemic stroke remains a challenging task. In light of this background, advancements in targeted therapy for cerebrovascular diseases through mitophagy and ferroptosis offer a new direction for the treatment of such diseases. In this review, we summarize the progress of mitophagy and ferroptosis in regulating ischemia-reperfusion injury in stroke and emphasize their potential molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis. Importantly, we systematically elucidate the role of medicinal plants and their active metabolites in targeting mitophagy and ferroptosis in ischemia-reperfusion injury in stroke, providing new insights and perspectives for the clinical development of therapeutic drugs for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guozhen Zhang
- College of the First Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Neurology, People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force 940th Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Bing Jiang
- Department of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Lihe Yao
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Wenjuan Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force 940th Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Dongjun Wan
- Department of Neurology, People’s Liberation Army Joint Logistics Support Force 940th Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Youquan Gu
- College of the First Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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Zhou KL, He YR, Liu YJ, Liu YM, Xuan LZ, Gu ZY, He HY, Ju MJ. IL-17A/p38 Signaling Pathway Induces Alveolar Epithelial Cell Pyroptosis and Hyperpermeability in Sepsis-Induced Acute Lung Injury by Activating NLRP3 Inflammasome. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300220. [PMID: 37607110 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndrome with poor prognosis. Nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and T helper 17 (Th17) cells are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. This study aims to explore their roles and underlying mechanisms in sepsis. The blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid are collected from sepsis patients and healthy donors. A sepsis mice model is established by cecal ligation puncture (CLP). The contents of cytokines are detected by ELISA. The amounts of Th17 cells, IL-17A, IL-1β, IL-18, and lipopolysaccharide is significantly elevated in sepsis patients. The increased differentiation of Th17 cells can promote lung cell pyroptosis and induce hyperpermeability via activating NLRP3 inflammasome and p38 pathway. The inhibitors targeting Th17 cells, NLRP3 inflammasome, and p38 pathway can significantly alleviate lung injury in sepsis mice. Th17 cells can secrete IL-17A to activate NLRP3 inflammasome via p38 signaling pathway, which contributes to the development of sepsis-induced acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Lin Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University (XiaMen Branch), No. 668, JinHu Rd, XiaMen, 361015, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ran He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fengling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yu Jing Liu
- Department of Nursing, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fengling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yi Mei Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fengling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhen Xuan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fengling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhun Yong Gu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fengling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Hong Yu He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fengling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
| | - Min Jie Ju
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fengling Rd, Shanghai, 200032, P. R. China
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Zhao N, Gao Y, Jia H, Jiang X. Anti-apoptosis effect of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Apoptosis 2023; 28:702-729. [PMID: 36892639 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01824-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia, one of the leading causes of neurological dysfunction of brain cells, muscle dysfunction, and death, brings great harm and challenges to individual health, families, and society. Blood flow disruption causes decreased glucose and oxygen, insufficient to maintain normal brain tissue metabolism, resulting in intracellular calcium overload, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity of excitatory amino acids, and inflammation, ultimately leading to neuronal cell necrosis, apoptosis, or neurological abnormalities. This paper summarizes the specific mechanism of cell injury that apoptosis triggered by reperfusion after cerebral ischemia, the related proteins involved in apoptosis, and the experimental progress of herbal medicine treatment through searching, analyzing, and summarizing the PubMed and Web Of Science databases, which includes active ingredients of herbal medicine, prescriptions, Chinese patent medicines, and herbal extracts, providing a new target or new strategy for drug treatment, and providing a reference for future experimental directions and using them to develop suitable small molecule drugs for clinical application. With the research of anti-apoptosis as the core, it is important to find highly effective, low toxicity, safe and cheap compounds from natural plants and animals with abundant resources to prevent and treat Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (CIR) and solve human suffering. In addition, understanding and summarizing the apoptotic mechanism of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, the microscopic mechanism of CIR treatment, and the cellular pathways involved will help to develop new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhao
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhe Gao
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Jia
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xicheng Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China.
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Meng F, Ke J, Li J, Zhao C, Yan J, Wang L. A deuterohemin peptide protects cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by preventing oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Exp Cell Res 2023; 422:113432. [PMID: 36442518 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2022.113432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CIRI) is a brain injury that usually occurs during thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke and impacts human health. Oxidative stress is one of the major causative factors of CIRI. DhHP-3 is a novel peroxidase-mimicking enzyme that exhibits robust reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging ability in vitro. Here, we established in vitro and in vivo models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion to mechanistically investigate whether DhHP-3 can alleviate CIRI. DhHP-3 could reduce ROS, down-regulate apoptotic proteins, suppress p53 phosphorylation, attenuate the DNA damage response (DDR), and inhibit apoptosis in SH-SY5Y cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation (OGD/R) and in the brain of Sprague Dawley rats subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. In conclusion, DhHP-3 has bioactivity of CIRI inhibition through suppression of the ROS-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanwei Meng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Junfeng Ke
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Changhui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Jiaqing Yan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
| | - Liping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China; School of Life Sciences; Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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Liu L, Chen D, Zhou Z, Yuan J, Chen Y, Sun M, Zhou M, Liu Y, Sun S, Chen J, Zhao L. Traditional Chinese medicine in treating ischemic stroke by modulating mitochondria: A comprehensive overview of experimental studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1138128. [PMID: 37033646 PMCID: PMC10073505 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1138128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke has been a prominent focus of scientific investigation owing to its high prevalence, complex pathogenesis, and difficulties in treatment. Mitochondria play an important role in cellular energy homeostasis and are involved in neuronal death following ischemic stroke. Hence, maintaining mitochondrial function is critical for neuronal survival and neurological improvement in ischemic stroke, and mitochondria are key therapeutic targets in cerebral stroke research. With the benefits of high efficacy, low cost, and high safety, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has great advantages in preventing and treating ischemic stroke. Accumulating studies have explored the effect of TCM in preventing and treating ischemic stroke from the perspective of regulating mitochondrial structure and function. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanisms by which mitochondria are involved in ischemic stroke. Furthermore, we summarized the current advances in TCM in preventing and treating ischemic stroke by modulating mitochondria. We aimed to provide a new perspective and enlightenment for TCM in the prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke by modulating mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Liu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Daohong Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ziyang Zhou
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingsheng Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mengdi Zhou
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiqi Sun
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Zhao, ; Jiao Chen,
| | - Ling Zhao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Ling Zhao, ; Jiao Chen,
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Li M, Tang H, Li Z, Tang W. Emerging Treatment Strategies for Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Neuroscience 2022; 507:112-124. [PMID: 36341725 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury (CI/RI) injury is a common feature of ischemic stroke which occurs when the blood supply is restored after a period of ischemia in the brain. Reduced blood-flow to the brain during CI/RI compromises neuronal cell health as a result of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, cytokine production, inflammation and tissue damage. Reperfusion therapy during CI/RI can restore the blood flow to ischemic regions of brain which are not yet infarcted. The long-term goal of CI/RI therapy is to reduce stroke-related neuronal cell death, disability and mortality. A range of drug and interventional therapies have emerged that can alleviate CI/RI mediated oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis in the brain. Herein, we review recent studies on CI/RI interventions for which a mechanism of action has been described and the potential of these therapeutic modalities for future use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxing Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage (Rehabilitation Medical College), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Heyong Tang
- College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (School of Life Sciences), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Zhen Li
- College of Acupuncture and Massage (Rehabilitation Medical College), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Wei Tang
- College of Acupuncture and Massage (Rehabilitation Medical College), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
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Cheng X, Hu J, Liu X, Tibenda JJ, Wang X, Zhao Q. Therapeutic targets by traditional Chinese medicine for ischemia-reperfusion injury induced apoptosis on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:934256. [PMID: 36060007 PMCID: PMC9437626 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.934256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a significant role in treating and preventing human diseases. Ischemic heart and cerebrovascular injuries are two types of diseases with different clinical manifestations with high prevalence and incidence. In recent years, it has been reported that many TCM has beneficial effects on ischemic diseases through the inhibition of apoptosis, which is the key target to treat myocardial and cerebral ischemia. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of various TCMs in treating ischemic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases through anti-apoptotic targets and pathways. However, clinical investigations into elucidating the pharmacodynamic ingredients of TCM are still lacking, which should be further demystified in the future. Overall, the inhibition of apoptosis by TCM may be an effective strategy for treating ischemic cardio-cerebrovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jin Hu
- Department of Preparation Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, People’s Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, China
| | | | - Xiaobo Wang
- Research Institute of Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Wang, ; Qipeng Zhao,
| | - Qipeng Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Ningxia Ethnomedicine Modernization, Ministry of Education (Ningxia Medical University), Yinchuan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaobo Wang, ; Qipeng Zhao,
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Protective Effect of Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction-Mediated Inhibition of ROS/NLRP3 Axis on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury In Vitro and In Vivo. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8257495. [PMID: 34616481 PMCID: PMC8490040 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8257495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background As a traditional Chinese medicine prescription, Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction (XXMD) could reduce the incidence of lung infection of patients with cerebral infarction. Nonetheless, the therapeutic mechanisms of XXMD in acute lung injury (ALI) remain to be elucidated. Our study was aimed to assess the effects of XXMD protects against ALI. Methods ALI model was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vivo. In vitro, human pulmonary alveolar epithelial cells (HPAEpiC) were treated with XXMD and were followed by LPS treatment. The levels of ZO-1, CLDN4, NLRP3, and caspase 1 were detected by Western blot, and the content of IL-1 and IL-18 was determined by ELISA. Transepithelial electrical resistance was used to detect the cell permeability. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within the cells were evaluated by flow cytometry. Results Our results showed that XXMD attenuated LPS-induced oxidative stress, barrier dysfunction, and the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in vitro, as evidenced by enhanced ROS production, TEER levels, expression of NLRP3 and caspase 1 (p20) and release of IL-1β and IL-18, and weakened cell permeability. In addition, XXMD could counteract the effects of NLRP3 overexpression on HPAEpiC and vice versa. XXMD treatment also ameliorated the degree of neutrophil infiltration, barrier dysfunction, and the activation of NLRP3 in LPS-induced ALI lung tissues in vivo. Conclusion The findings showed that XXMD could alleviate LPS-induced ALI injury and inhibit inflammation and suppress ROS/NLRP3 signaling pathway, which were involved in these protective effects.
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Yu LP, Shi TT, Li YQ, Mu JK, Yang YQ, Li WX, Yu J, Yang XX. The impact of Traditional Chinese Medicine on mitophagy in disease models. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 28:488-496. [PMID: 34620055 DOI: 10.2174/1381612827666211006150410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Mitophagy plays an important role in maintaining mitochondrial quality and cell homeostasis through the degradation of damaged, aged, and dysfunctional mitochondria and misfolded proteins. Many human diseases, particularly neurodegenerative diseases, are related to disorders of mitochondrial phagocytosis. Exploring the regulatory mechanisms of mitophagy is of great significance for revealing the molecular mechanisms underlying the related diseases. Herein, we summarize the major mechanisms of mitophagy, the relationship of mitophagy with human diseases, and the role of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in mitophagy. These discussions enhance our knowledge of mitophagy and its potential therapeutic targets using TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ping Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500. China
| | - Ting-Ting Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, The Xixi Hospital of Hangzhou Affiliated to Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310023. China
| | - Yan-Qin Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500. China
| | - Jian-Kang Mu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500. China
| | - Ya-Qin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500. China
| | - Wei-Xi Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500. China
| | - Jie Yu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500. China
| | - Xing-Xin Yang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, 1076 Yuhua Road, Kunming 650500. China
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Xiaoxuming Decoction Regulates Vascular Function by Modulating G Protein-Coupled Receptors: A Molecular Docking Study. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:5575443. [PMID: 34195269 PMCID: PMC8203363 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5575443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Xiaoxuming decoction (XXMD) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) that is used for the treatment of stroke in China. Stroke injury damages the cerebral vasculature and disrupts the autoregulation of vasoconstriction and vasodilatation, which is crucial for maintaining constant cerebral blood flow (CBF). It has been reported that XXMD exerts a positive effect on cerebral circulation in animal models of stroke. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulatory effect of XXMD on vascular tone, and the interactions among the multiple components of XXMD, remain unclear. In this study, XXMD was found to induce relaxation of the basilar artery rings of rats precontracted by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in vitro, in a dose-dependent manner. The modulation of vascular tone and the process of cerebral ischemia are mediated via the interactions between G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their ligands, including 5-HT, angiotensin II (Ang II), and urotensin II (UII). Thus, the potential synergistic effects of the different components of XXMD on the regulation of vasoconstriction and vasodilation were further investigated by molecular docking based on network pharmacology. We constructed and analyzed a database comprising 963 compounds of XXMD and studied the interactions between five vascular GPCRs (5-HT1A receptor (5-HT1AR), 5-HT1B receptor (5-HT1BR), Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R), beta 2-adrenergic receptor (β2-AR), and UII receptor (UTR)) and the various herbal constituents of XXMD using molecular docking. By constructing and analyzing the compound-target networks of XXMD, we found that Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, and Paeoniae Radix Alba were the three major herbs that contained a large number of compounds with high docking scores. We additionally observed that several constituents of XXMD, including gallotannin, liquiritin apioside, nariutin, 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose, folic acid, and ginsenoside Rb1, targeted multiple vascular GPCRs. Moreover, the interactions between the components of XXMD and the targets related to vascular tone constituted the comprehensive cerebrovascular regulatory function of XXMD and provided a material basis of the vasoregulatory function of XXMD. The study reports the contributions of various components of XXMD to the regulatory effects on vascular tone and provides scientific evidence for the multicomponent and multitargeting characteristics of XXMD.
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Shen Y, Zhang B, Pang X, Yang R, Chen M, Zhao J, Wang J, Wang Z, Yu Z, Wang Y, Li L, Liu A, Du G. Network Pharmacology-Based Analysis of Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction on the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:595254. [PMID: 33390981 PMCID: PMC7774966 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.595254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) has become a worldwide disease that is harmful to human health and brings a heavy economic burden to healthcare system. Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction (XXMD) has been widely used to treat stroke and other neurological diseases for more than 1000 years in China. However, the synergistic mechanism of the constituents in XXMD for the potential treatment of AD is still unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to predict the potential targets and uncover the material basis of XXMD for the potential treatment of AD. A network pharmacology-based method, which combined data collection, drug-likeness filtering and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADME/T) properties filtering, target prediction and network analysis, was used to decipher the effect and potential targets of XXMD for the treatment of AD. Then, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory assay was used to screen the potential active constituents in XXMD for the treatment of AD, and the molecular docking was furtherly used to identify the binding ability of active constituents with AD-related target of AChE. Finally, three in vitro cell models were applied to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of potential lead compounds in XXMD. Through the China Natural Products Database, Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) Database, Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)-Database @Taiwan and literature, a total of 1481 compounds in XXMD were finally collected. After ADME/T properties filtering, 908 compounds were used for the further study. Based on the prediction data, the constituents in XXMD formula could interact with 41 AD-related targets. Among them, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), estrogen receptor α (ERα) and AChE were the major targets. The constituents in XXMD were found to have the potential to treat AD through multiple AD-related targets. 62 constituents in it were found to interact with more than or equal to 10 AD-related targets. The prediction results were further validated by in vitro biology experiment, resulting in several potential anti-AD multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs), including two AChE inhibitors with the IC50 values ranging from 4.83 to 10.22 μM. Moreover, fanchinoline was furtherly found to prevent SH-SY5Y cells from the cytotoxicities induced by sodium nitroprusside, sodium dithionate and potassium chloride. In conclusion, XXMD was found to have the potential to treat AD by targeting multiple AD-related targets and canonical pathways. Fangchinoline and dauricine might be the potential lead compounds in XXMD for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjia Shen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Baoyue Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaocong Pang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ran Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaying Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ziru Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ailin Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Targets Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Zhang S, Wang X, Cheng F, Ma C, Fan S, Xu W, Jin N, Liu S, Lv K, Wang Q. Network Pharmacology-Based Approach to Revealing Biological Mechanisms of Qingkailing Injection against IschemicStroke: Focusing on Blood-Brain Barrier. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:2914579. [PMID: 32908557 PMCID: PMC7474352 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2914579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is the most common type of cerebrovascular accident worldwide. It causes long-term disability and death. Qingkailing (QKL) injection is a traditional Chinese patent medicine which has been clinically applied in the treatment of ischemic stroke for nearly thirty years. In the present study, network pharmacology combined with experimentation was used to elucidate the mechanisms of QKL. ADME screening and target prediction identified 62 active compounds and 275 targets for QKL. Topological screening of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to build a core PPI network consisting of 408 nodes and 17,830 edges. KEGG enrichment indicated that the main signaling pathway implicated in ischemic stroke involved hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). Experimentation showed that QKL alleviated neurological deficits, brain infraction, blood-brain barrier (BBB) leakage, and tight junction degeneration in a mouse ischemic stroke model. Two-photon laser scanning microscopy was used to evaluate BBB permeability and cerebral microvessel structure in living mice. HIF-1α, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), and tight junction proteins such as occludin, zonula occludins-1 (ZO-1), claudin-5, and VE-Cadherin were measured by western blotting. QKL upregulated ZO-1 and downregulated HIF-1α and MMP-9. QKL has a multiapproach, multitarget, and synergistic effect against ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fafeng Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chongyang Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shuning Fan
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenxiu Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Na Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuling Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Kai Lv
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 51 An Wai Xiaoguan Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuandong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100029, China
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Wang Y, Li C, Li J, Wang G, Li L. Non-Esterified Fatty Acid-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Mediated Granulosa Cells Apoptosis Is Regulated by Nrf2/p53 Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060523. [PMID: 32545880 PMCID: PMC7346109 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative energy balance (NEB) during the perinatal period can affect dairy cow follicular development and reduce the fecundity. Non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration is elevated during NEB, and is known to be toxic for multiple cell types. In the ovary, NEB increased NEFA, and may influences follicular growth and development. However, the effect and mechanism of NEFA on granulosa cells (GCs) in vitro remains unknown. In this study, we found that NEFA dose-dependently induced apoptosis in primary cultured granulosa cells. Mechanistically, our data showed that NEFA significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, resulting in the activation of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and eventually cell apoptosis in GCs. Moreover, NEFA also increased the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and p38MAPK pathways, upregulated the expression of p53 and potentially promoted its translocation to the nuclear, thus transcriptionally activated Bax, a downstream gene of this pathway. NEFA also promoted nuclear factor E2 (Nrf2) expression and its level in the nuclear. To elucidate the mechanism of NEFA action, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger was used to verify the role of ROS in NEFA induced apoptosis of GCs. NAC pretreatment reversed the NEFA-induced ERS-related protein and apoptosis-related protein levels. Meanwhile, NAC pretreatment also blocked the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 induced by NEFA, and the nucleation of Nrf2 and p53, suggesting that ROS plays a crucial role in regulating the NEFA-induced apoptosis of GCs. Together, these findings provide an improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying GCs apoptosis, which could potentially be useful for improving ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiru Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Chengmin Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Sericutural Biology and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212018, China;
| | - Julang Li
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Genlin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.W.); (G.W.)
| | - Lian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (Y.W.); (G.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8439-5045
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15
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Zhao P, Zhang L, Gao L, Ding Q, Yang Q, Kuai J. Ulinastatin attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction by inhibiting inflammation and regulating autophagy. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:1064-1072. [PMID: 32765659 PMCID: PMC7388552 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ulinastatin exerts protective effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cardiac dysfunction. Autophagy has been demonstrated to serve an important role in sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy; however, whether ulinastatin has an anti-autophagic effect in sepsis requires further investigation. The present study aimed to determine the protective effects of ulinastatin on cardiac dysfunction and its role in autophagy during sepsis. C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a control, LPS and LPS + ulinastatin group, the survival status of the mice was observed every 6 h and the survival rate at each time point was calculated for 7 days. Furthermore, JC-1 dye and ELISAs were used to analyze the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) levels, respectively. Western blotting and ELISAs were used to measure the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6. In addition, the cardiac ultrastructure and the number of autophagosomes formed were visualized using transmission electron microscopy, and the pathological changes in the myocardial tissues were analyzed using hematoxylin & eosin staining. Finally, the expression levels of autophagy-related proteins were analyzed using western blotting and immunofluorescence staining. The current study indicated that ulinastatin significantly improved the survival rate of septic mice. It was suggested that ulinastatin may protect against LPS-induced myocardium injury through its anti-inflammatory activity, as decreased cTnI levels, increased MMP and decreased expression levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were all observed following ulinastatin treatment. Furthermore, the number of autophagosomes formed, and the expression levels of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 and Beclin 1 were significantly decreased following ulinastatin treatment. It was further observed that ulinastatin suppressed LPS-induced autophagosome formation, as indicated by the accumulation of sequestosome 1/p62, and the elimination of lysosome-associated membrane glycoprotein 1. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggested that ulinastatin treatment may improve survival and exert a protective effect over LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction. Furthermore, this protective effect may be associated with its anti-inflammatory and anti-autophagic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China
| | - Longfei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shanxi 710038, P.R. China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China
| | - Jianke Kuai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Third Hospital of Xi'an, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710018, P.R. China
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Li Y, Sun J, Wu R, Bai J, Hou Y, Zeng Y, Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang Z, Meng X. Mitochondrial MPTP: A Novel Target of Ethnomedicine for Stroke Treatment by Apoptosis Inhibition. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:352. [PMID: 32269527 PMCID: PMC7109312 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), across the inner and outer membranes of mitochondria, is a nonspecific channel for signal transduction or material transfer between mitochondrial matrix and cytoplasm such as maintenance of Ca2+ homeostasis, regulation of oxidative stress signals, and protein translocation evoked by some of stimuli. Continuous MPTP opening has been proved to stimulate neuronal apoptosis in ischemic stroke. Meanwhile, inhibition of MPTP overopening-induced apoptosis has shown excellent efficacy in the treatment of ischemic stroke. Among of which, the potential molecular mechanisms of drug therapy for stroke has also been gradually revealed by researchers. The characteristics of multi-components or multi-targets for ethnic drugs also provide the possibility to treat stroke from the perspective of mitochondrial MPTP. The advantages mentioned above make it necessary for us to explore and clarify the new perspective of ethnic medicine in treating stroke and to determine the specific molecular mechanisms through advanced technologies as much as possible. In this review, we attempt to uncover the relationship between abnormal MPTP opening and neuronal apoptosis in ischemic stroke. We further summarized currently authorized drugs, ethnic medicine prescriptions, herbs, and identified monomer compounds for inhibition of MPTP overopening-induced ischemic neuron apoptosis. Finally, we strive to provide a new perspective and enlightenment for ethnic medicine in the prevention and treatment of stroke by inhibition of MPTP overopening-induced neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangxin Li
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayi Sun
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruixia Wu
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinrong Bai
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Hou
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zeng
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhang Wang
- School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Ethnic Medicine Academic Heritage Innovation Research Center, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.,Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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17
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Shao J, Li M, Guo Z, Jin C, Zhang F, Ou C, Xie Y, Tan S, Wang Z, Zheng S, Wang X. TPP-related mitochondrial targeting copper (II) complex induces p53-dependent apoptosis in hepatoma cells through ROS-mediated activation of Drp1. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:149. [PMID: 31744518 PMCID: PMC6862763 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, copper complexes have gradually become the focus of potential anticancer drugs due to their available redox properties and low toxicity. In this study, a novel mitochondrion-targeting copper (II) complex, [Cu (ttpy-tpp)Br2] Br (simplified as CTB), is first synthesized by our group. CTB with tri-phenyl-phosphine (TPP), a targeting and lipophilic group, can cross the cytoplasmic and mitochondrial membranes of tumor cells. The present study aims to investigate how CTB affects mitochondrial functions and exerts its anti-tumor activity in hepatoma cells. Methods Multiple molecular experiments including Flow cytometry, Western blot, Immunofluorescence, Tracker staining, Transmission Electron Microscopy and Molecular docking simulation were used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Human hepatoma cells were subcutaneously injected into right armpit of male nude mice for evaluating the effects of CTB in vivo. Results CTB induced apoptosis via collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), ROS production, Bax mitochondrial aggregation as well as cytochrome c release, indicating that CTB-induced apoptosis was associated with mitochondrial pathway in human hepatoma cells. Mechanistic study revealed that ROS-related mitochondrial translocation of p53 was involved in CTB-mediated apoptosis. Simultaneously, elevated mitochondrial Drp1 levels were also observed, and interruption of Drp1 activation played critical role in p53-dependent apoptosis. CTB also strongly suppressed the growth of liver cancer xenografts in vivo. Conclusion In human hepatoma cells, CTB primarily induces mitochondrial dysfunction and promotes accumulation of ROS, leading to activation of Drp1. These stimulation signals accelerate mitochondrial accumulation of p53 and lead to the eventual apoptosis. Our research shows that CTB merits further evaluation as a chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangjuan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Xuzhou Pharmaceutical Vocational College, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chun Jin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Chunyan Ou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yaochen Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shanzhong Tan
- The Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Zhenyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Xiaoyong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Hung CYF, Chung VCH, Wu XY, Ho RST, Tang ECH, Wu JCY, Lau AYL. Overview of systematic reviews with meta-analyses on Chinese herbal medicine in stroke management. ADVANCES IN INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Luo X, Chen X, Shen X, Yang Z, Du G. Rapid identification and analysis of the active components of traditional Chinese medicine Xiaoxuming decoction for ischemic stroke treatment by integrating UPLC-Q-TOF/MS and RRLC-QTRAP MSn method. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1124:313-322. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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20
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Jia Z, Tie C, Wang C, Wu C, Zhang J. Perturbed Lipidomic Profiles in Rats With Chronic Cerebral Ischemia Are Regulated by Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:264. [PMID: 30941043 PMCID: PMC6433774 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is a serious human health condition with lacking therapeutic agents. Moreover, its mechanism of action remains elusive, and thus novel treatment options are required. Lipid metabolism disorder are closely related to CCI. In this study, a CCI-rats model was established by the permanent occlusion of rat bilateral common carotid arteries, and then the rats were treated with a Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction (XXMD). Lipidomic profiling was conducted in both plasma and brain o determine the effects of the injury and therapy on lipid metabolism. Sphingolipid (particularly long acyl chain and total ceramides), glyceryl phosphatide, and glyceride profiles significantly changed in the brain after model induction and again after dosing. A total of 35 potential biomarkers were found in the brain and four were found in the plasma, representing both CCI injury and XXMD action. Correlations between endogenous lipids and exogenous XXMD compounds were analyzed using linear regression. Two exogenous compounds (cimifugin and 5-O-methylvisamminol) in the brain and 17 exogenous compounds in the plasma, which may represent the active constituents in XXMD, were significantly associated with lipid metabolism. This study provides a new perspective on the potential mechanism of CCI and its treatment with XXMD, as well as on discovering effective components in traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jinlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Wang YH, Yang YL, Cheng X, Zhang J, Li W, Du GH. Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction extract regulates differentially expressed proteins in the hippocampus after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Neural Regen Res 2019; 14:470-479. [PMID: 30539815 PMCID: PMC6334616 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.245471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction has been widely used to treat stroke and sequelae of stroke. We have previously shown that the active fractions of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction attenuate cerebral ischemic injury. However, the global protein profile and signaling conduction pathways regulated by Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction are still unclear. This study established a two-vessel occlusion rat model by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. Rats were intragastrically administered 50 or 150 mg/kg Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction for 4 consecutive weeks. Learning and memory abilities were measured with Morris water maze. Motor ability was detected with prehensile test. Coordination ability was examined using the inclined screen test. Neuronal plasticity was observed by immunofluorescent staining. Differentially expressed proteins of rat hippocampus were analyzed by label-free quantitative proteomics. Real time-polymerase chain reaction and western blot assay were used to identify the changes in proteins. Results showed that Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction dramatically alleviated learning and memory deficits, and motor and coordination dysfunction, and increased the expression of microtubule-associated protein 2. Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction extract remarkably decreased 13 upregulated proteins and increased 39 downregulated proteins. The regulated proteins were mainly involved in oxidation reduction process, intracellular signaling cascade process, and protein catabolic process. The signaling pathways were mainly involved in ubiquitin mediated proteolysis and the phosphatidylinositol signaling system. Furthermore, there was an interaction among Rab2a, Ptpn1, Ppm1e, Cdk18, Gorasp2, Eps15, Capza2, Syngap1 and Mt-nd1. Protein analyses confirmed the changes in expression of MT-ND1. The current findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction extract’s effects on chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Hua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-Lin Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target Identification and Drug Screening, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Mitophagy is activated in brain damage induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion via the PINK1/Parkin/p62 signalling pathway. Brain Res Bull 2018; 142:63-77. [PMID: 29964088 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the course of mitophagy following cerebral ischemia with reperfusion and the role of the PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin/p62 signalling pathway. The middle cerebral artery of male Sprague-Dawley rats was occluded for 90 min and was followed by different time-points of reperfusion. Cerebral infarct areas were detected by 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, while brain damage was observed by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Levels of LC3, Beclin1 and LAMP-1 were estimated by western blots. LC3B location was observed in various cells in the neurovascular unit. In addition, PINK1 accumulation in damaged mitochondria and Parkin/p62 mitochondrial translocation were investigated by double immunofluorescence staining. Finally, the levels of PINK1, Parkin and p62 expression in mitochondrial fractions were estimated by western blots. Cerebral ischemia with different time-points of reperfusion resulted in infarct in the territory of the middle cerebral artery accompanied by overall brain damage. In addition, we found up-regulation of LC3B, Beclin1, and LAMP-1, as well as mitophagy activation after reperfusion, with peak expression of these proteins at 24 h after reperfusion. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence indicated that LC3B was primarily located in neurons, although lower levels of expression were found in astrocytes and even less in vascular endothelial cells. Moreover, significant increases in PINK1 accumulation in the outer membrane of mitochondria and increased Parkin/p62 mitochondrial translocation were shown at 24 h after reperfusion. These findings suggest that the PINK1/Parkin/p62 signalling pathway was involved in the pathophysiological processes following ischemia and reperfusion.
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Xiao-Xu-Ming Decoction Reduced Mitophagy Activation and Improved Mitochondrial Function in Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury. Behav Neurol 2018; 2018:4147502. [PMID: 30018669 PMCID: PMC6029470 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4147502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated whether Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction reduced mitophagy activation and kept mitochondrial function in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham, ischemia and reperfusion (IR), IR plus XXMD (60 g/kg/day) (XXMD60), IR plus cyclosporin A (10 mg/kg/day) (CsA), and IR plus vehicle (Vehicle). Focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion models were induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Cerebral infarct areas were measured by triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining. Cerebral ischemic injury was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) and Nissl staining. Ultrastructural features of mitochondria and mitophagy in the penumbra of the ischemic cortex were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Mitophagy was detected by immunofluorescence labeled with LC3B and VDAC1. Autophagy lysosome formation was observed by immunofluorescence labeled with LC3B and Lamp1. The expression of LC3B, Beclin1, and Lamp1 was analyzed by Western blot. The rats subjected to MCAO showed worsened neurological score and cell ischemic damage. These were all significantly reversed by XXMD or CsA. Moreover, XXMD/CsA notably downregulated mitophagy and reduced the increase in LC3, Beclin1, and Lamp1 expression induced by cerebral ischemia and reperfusion. The findings demonstrated that XXMD exerted neuroprotective effect via downregulating LC3, Beclin1, Lamp1, and mitochondrial p62 expression level, thus leading to the inhibition of mitophagy.
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Neuroprotective effects of Tongxinluo on focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats associated with the activation of the MEK1/2/ERK1/2/p90RSK signaling pathway. Brain Res 2018; 1685:9-18. [PMID: 29425910 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke brings a huge family and social burden. Although the reperfusion of ischemic cerebral tissue is the most important way to rescue ischemic stroke, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury further results in brain damage and even lead to death. Recent studies demonstrated that Tongxinluo (TXL) helps to protect the brain against focal cerebral I/R injury in rats by reducing neuronal apoptosis, and the MEK1/2/ERK1/2/90 ribosomal S6 kinase (p90RSK) pathway may be involved in this protective effect. Therefore, our present research was designed to identify the potential mechanisms involved. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 108) were randomly divided into 4 groups: sham, cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R), I/R plus TXL (TXL), and TXL plus U0126, a highly selective inhibitor of MEK 1 and MEK 2 (TXL + U0126). Brain edema was measured by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Pathological destruction of the blood brain barrier (BBB) ultrastructure was assessed by transmission electron microscopy, and proteins involved in the MEK1/2/ERK1/2/p90RSK pathway were detected by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Our results indicated that TXL significantly improved neurological function, reduced brain edema, ameliorated the destruction of the BBB ultrastructure and markedly reduced neuronal injury. However, these benefits were diminished when the MEK1/2/ERK1/2/p90RSK pathway was inhibited by U0126. We also found that TXL upregulated the expression levels of p-MEK1/2, p-ERK1/2, p-p90RSK and p-bad, which were all significantly reversed by U0126. Collectively, our data demonstrate that TXL provides neuroprotection against cerebral I/R injury and neuronal injury, and that these effects are mediated, in part, by activation of the MEK1/2/ERK1/2/p90RSK pathway.
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Xiao AJ, He L, Ouyang X, Liu JM, Chen MR. Comparison of the anti-apoptotic effects of 15- and 35-minute suspended moxibustion after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:257-264. [PMID: 29557375 PMCID: PMC5879897 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.226396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat-sensitive suspended moxibustion has a neuroprotective effect against focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The duration of heat-sensitive suspended moxibustion (usually from 30 minutes to 1 hour) is longer than traditional suspended moxibustion (usually 15 minutes). However, the effects of 15- and 35-minute suspended moxibustion in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury are poorly understood. In this study, we performed 15- or 35-minute suspended moxibustion at acupoint Dazhui (GV14) in an adult rat model of focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. Infarct volume was evaluated with the 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride assay. Histopathological changes and neuronal apoptosis at the injury site were assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Caspase-9 and caspase-3 expression at the injury site was detected using immunofluorescent staining. Bax and Bcl-2 expression at the injury site was assessed using western blot assay. In the 35-minute moxibustion group, infarct volume was decreased, neuronal apoptosis was reduced, caspase-9, caspase-3 and Bax expression was lower, and Bcl-2 expression was increased, compared with the 15-minute moxibustion group. Our findings show that 35-minute moxibustion has a greater anti-apoptotic effect than 15-minute moxibustion after focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Jiao Xiao
- School of Basic Medical Science, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Lin He
- School of Basic Medical Science, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Xin Ouyang
- School of Moxibustion, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Jie-Min Liu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
| | - Ming-Ren Chen
- School of Moxibustion, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
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Delta opioid receptor agonist attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial injury by regulating autophagy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [PMID: 28647372 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have described the protective effects of DADLE on myocardial injury in sepsis. Recently, autophagy has been shown to be an innate defense mechanism in sepsis-related myocardial injury. However, whether DADLE has an pro-autophagic effect is yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of DADLE on the regulation of autophagy during sepsis. METHODS Male mice were subjected to LPS or vehicle intraperitoneal injection. After LPS injection, mice received either DADLE, Naltrindole or vehicle. ELISA and JC-1 were used to evaluate the level cTnI and Mitochondrial membrane potential. Cardiac ultrastructural and autophagosomes were visualized by transmission electron microscopy. The relative protein levels were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS The results showed that treatment with DADLE both immediately or 4 h after LPS intraperitoneal injection could improve the survival rate of mice with endotoxemic. DADLE could ease myocardium ultrastructure injury induced by LPS, this cardioprotective effect was also seen in increased MMP levels, and decreased cTnI levels. Through observation of transmission electron microscopy and Western blot we have discovered that the amount of autophagosome and the expression of autophagy related protein LC3II, Beclin1 were significantly increased with DADLE treatment. DADLE promoted LPS-induced autophagosome maturation as indicated by the increased LAMP-1 protein level and decreased SQSTM1/p62 protein level. The selective δ-opioid receptor antagonist Naltrindole play an opposite effects. CONCLUSIONS DADLE could improve the survival and protect myocardial dysfunction in mice with LPS-induced endotoxemia. This effect was related to the increase of autophagy.
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Zhao Q, Cheng X, Wang X, Wang J, Zhu Y, Ma X. Neuroprotective effect and mechanism of Mu-Xiang-You-Fang on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:140-147. [PMID: 27396346 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The present study is to investigate the neuroprotective effect of Mu-Xiang-You-Fang (MXYF), a classic Traditional Chinese Medicine used by Chinese minorities to treat stroke, on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and the related signaling pathways. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups: sham group, I/R group, nimodipine and MXYF (58, 116 and 232mg/kg respectively) groups. Cerebral ischemia model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2h followed by reperfusion for 48h. Neurological functional score was evaluated according to the method of Zea longa's score and the infarct area was determined by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining at 48h after reperfusion. The protein expression of cytochrome c (cyt-c), Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-9, caspase-3 and caspase-7 were analyzed by western blot and the mRNA expression of Caspase-9, Caspase-3 and Caspase-7 were determined by the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Oral administration of MXYF (116 and 232mg/kg) significantly reduced the neurological functional score and attenuated the cerebral infarct area. Western blot analysis showed that the expression of Bcl-2 is enhanced and Bax expression is inhibited after treatment with MXYF (116 and 232mg/kg), leading to significant increase of the ratio between Bcl-2 and Bax. Furthermore, the protein expression of cyt-c, caspase-9, caspase-3 and caspase-7 was significantly inhibited while the mRNA expression of caspase-9, caspase-3 and caspase-7 but not cyt-c was markedly inhibited in the MXYF (116 and 232mg/kg) treatment groups compared with the I/R group. CONCLUSIONS The above data suggested that MXYF has potential neuroprotective activities by the regulation of apoptotic pathway, MXYF is a promising agent in treatment of stroke.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/metabolism
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/pathology
- Brain/physiopathology
- Cytoprotection
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/drug therapy
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/genetics
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/metabolism
- Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/pathology
- Male
- Neuroprotective Agents/isolation & purification
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China; Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuli Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China; Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xueqin Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China; Ningxia Hui Medicine Modern Engineering Research Center, Key Laboratory of Hui Ethnic Medicine Modernization, Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, People's Republic of China.
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Lu J, Li YH, Zhan X, Li G, Chen Z, Chen X. The protective effect of qiancao naomaitong mixture on neuronal damage and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2304-2311. [PMID: 26987389 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1155627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Context Qiancao Naomaitong Mixture (QNM) is mainly used to treat ischemic stroke patients in the clinic. Objective This study evaluates the protective effect of QNM on neuronal damage in vitro, and clarifies the underlying mechanism against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in vivo. Materials and methods Activity assay of caspase 3 (C-3) and caspase 8 (C-8) were measured with microplate reader and cell apoptosis was investigated. Cerebral I/R injury was induced by MCAO model. QNM groups were given at 0.27, 0.54 and 1.08 mL/100 g body weight. The weight ratio of cerebral infarction tissue was obtained. The cytokine levels in serum and brain tissue were measured using ELISA. Results Compared with the OGD group (C-3: 29.69 ± 5.63, C-8: 74.05 ± 6.86), 100 mg/mL QNM (C-3: 19.80 ± 2.62, C-8: 48.94 ± 6.41) and 200 mg/mL QNM (C-3: 16.28 ± 4.55, C-8: 41.08 ± 4.05) treatments decreased C-3 and C-8 activities significantly, and inhibited apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells. The weight ratios of cerebral tissues in low, medium and high dose groups were 17.33 ± 5.1%, 17.78 ± 5.4% and 14.25 ± 4.2%, respectively, significantly lower than in control group. QNM also improved the cytokine levels in serum and brain tissue. In addition, histological examination indicated that dense neuropil and largely surviving neurons were seen in treated rats. Conclusion QNM exerted protective effect by inhibiting the cell apoptosis in vitro. The protective mechanisms of QNM were associated with its properties of anti-apoptosis and antioxidation as well as improved neuronal nutrition in I/R rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lu
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , PR China
| | - Yi-Hang Li
- b Yunnan Branch , Institute of Medicinal Plant, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Jinghong , PR China
| | - Xia Zhan
- c School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing , PR China
| | - Guang Li
- b Yunnan Branch , Institute of Medicinal Plant, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Jinghong , PR China
| | - Zhe Chen
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- a Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College , Beijing , PR China
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Ma X, Xie Y, Chen Y, Han B, Li J, Qi S. Post-ischemia mdivi-1 treatment protects against ischemia/reperfusion-induced brain injury in a rat model. Neurosci Lett 2016; 632:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Deep hypothermia-enhanced autophagy protects PC12 cells against oxygen glucose deprivation via a mitochondrial pathway. Neurosci Lett 2016; 632:79-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Zhang J, Zou H, Zhang Q, Wang L, Lei J, Wang Y, Ouyang J, Zhang Y, Zhao H. Effects of Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule on neurovascular functions assessed by quantitative multiparametric MRI in a rat model of permanent cerebral ischemia. Altern Ther Health Med 2016; 16:198. [PMID: 27391841 PMCID: PMC4938911 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1184-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BYHWD) is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula for treating stroke-induced disability. Xiaoshuan enteric-coated capsule (XSECC), derived from the formula BYHWD, is a drug approved by the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) for stroke management. To further investigate the potential protective effects of XSECC on neurovascular functions, we endeavour to monitor the neurovascular functions using multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evaluated histopathological changes of neurovascular unit (NVU) after stroke. Methods Ischemic stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). XSECC (420 mg/kg) was orally administered 2 h after stroke and daily thereafter. T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), T2 relaxometry mapping and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were used to measure cerebral infarct volume, edema and white matter fiber integrity, respectively. Neurochemical metabolite levels were monitored by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). Arterial spin labeling (ASL) – cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements and structural magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) images provided real-time and dynamic information about vascular hemodynamic dysfunction on the 3rd, 7th and 14th days after pMCAO. At the last imaging time point, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence as well as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to test the microscopic and ultrastructural changes of NVU. Results T2WI, T2 relaxometry mapping and Fractional anisotropy (FA) in DTI showed that XSECC significantly reduced cerebral infarct volume, relieved edema and alleviated nerve fiber injuries, respectively. 1H-MRS provided information about improvement of neuronal/glial metabolism after XSECC treatment. Moreover, ASL – CBF measurements combined with MRA showed that XSECC significantly increased CBF and vascular signal strength and alleviated ischemia-induced morphological changes of arteries in ischemic hemisphere within 14 days after stroke. In addition, neuron specific nuclear protein (NeuN), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), CD34 staining and TEM detection indicated that XSECC not only ameliorated neuronal injury, but also reduced endothelial damage and inhibited astrocyte proliferation. Conclusions Our results suggested that XSECC has multi-target neurovascular protective effects on ischemic stroke, which may be closely correlated with the improvement of cerebral blood supply and neuronal/glial metabolism.
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Wang C, Jia Z, Wang Z, Hu T, Qin H, Du G, Wu C, Zhang J. Pharmacokinetics of 21 active components in focal cerebral ischemic rats after oral administration of the active fraction of Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 122:110-7. [PMID: 26852160 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The Xiao-Xu-Ming decoction (XXMD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription that is clinically used for the treatment of stroke. The active fraction of XXMD (AF-XXMD) exhibits pharmacological effects that are similar to those of XXMD. In this study, 21 primary compounds of AF-XXMD with potential anti-ischemic-stroke activities were selected as effective candidates to perform comparisons of their pharmacokinetic differences between control and cerebral ischemic rats and to characterize their pharmacokinetic behaviors in cerebral ischemic rats. After oral administration of AF-XXMD to control and cerebral ischemic rats, plasma and brain were harvested and analyzed using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Reverse molecular docking results indicate that 21 AF-XXMD-derived compounds exert potential neuroprotection, anti- inflammation, and vascular dilation effects via interaction with multiple targets in stroke-related pathways. The blood-brain permeability, cerebral exposure and brain region distribution of these compounds were found to change in cerebral ischemic models. Flavonoids were identified as the predominant form in plasma, whereas chromones were found to be the major form in the brain, and alkaloids possessed moderate blood-brain permeability. Collectively, the cerebral pharmacokinetic behaviors of chromones, flavonoids and alkaloids were found to change under pathological conditions. The efficacy of AF-XXMD against cerebral ischemia is relevant to the synergistic effects of these compounds in targeting different receptors and pathways. Chromones exhibit relatively high brain permeability, and their activity and mechanism warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caihong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhixin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hailin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Caisheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Jinlan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Yu W, Zhang X, Liu J, Wang X, Li S, Liu R, Liao N, Zhang T, Hai C. Cyclosporine A Suppressed Glucose Oxidase Induced P53 Mitochondrial Translocation and Hepatic Cell Apoptosis through Blocking Mitochondrial Permeability Transition. Int J Biol Sci 2016; 12:198-209. [PMID: 26884717 PMCID: PMC4737676 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
P53 is known as a transcription factor to control apoptotic cell death through regulating a series of target genes in nucleus. There is accumulating evidences show that p53 can directly induce cell apoptosis through transcription independent way at mitochondria. However, the mechanism by which p53 translocation into mitochondria in response to oxidative stress remains unclear. Here, glucose oxidase (GOX) was used to induce ROS generation in HepG2 cells and liver tissues of mice. The results showed that p53 was stabilized and translocated to mitochondria in a time and dose dependent manner after GOX exposure. Interestingly, as an inhibitor of mitochondrial permeability transition, cyclosporine A (CsA) was able to effectively reduce GOX mediated mitochondrial p53 distribution without influencing on the expression of p53 target genes including Bcl-2 and Bax. These indicated that CsA could just block p53 entering into mitochondria, but not affect p53-dependent transcription. Meanwhile, CsA failed to inhibit the ROS generation induced by GOX, which indicated that CsA had no antioxidant function. Moreover, GOX induced typical apoptosis characteristics including, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of Bax and release of cytochrome C in mitochondria, accompanied with activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3. These processions were suppressed after pretreatment with CsA and pifithrin-μ (PFT-μ, a specific inhibitor of p53 mitochondrial translocation). In vivo, CsA was able to attenuate p53 mitochondrial distribution and protect mice liver against from GOX mediated apoptotic cell death. Taken together, these suggested that CsA could suppress ROS-mediated p53 mitochondrial distribution and cell apoptosis depended on its inhibition effect to mitochondrial permeability transition. It might be used to rescue the hepatic cell apoptosis in the patients with acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Yu
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodi Zhang
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Jiangzheng Liu
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Li
- 2. Department of Cardiology, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710032, China
| | - Rui Liu
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Nai Liao
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
| | - Chunxu Hai
- 1. Department of Toxicology, the Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Provincial Key Lab of Free radical biology and medicine, School of Public Health, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, P. R. China
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Marine compound xyloketal B reduces neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Mar Drugs 2014; 13:29-47. [PMID: 25546517 PMCID: PMC4306923 DOI: 10.3390/md13010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy causes neurodegeneration and brain injury, leading to sensorimotor dysfunction. Xyloketal B is a novel marine compound isolated from a mangrove fungus Xylaria species (no. 2508) with unique antioxidant effects. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanism of xyloketal B on oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal cell death in mouse primary cortical culture and on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal mice in vivo. We found that xyloketal B reduced anoxia-induced neuronal cell death in vitro, as well as infarct volume in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury model in vivo. Furthermore, xyloketal B improved functional behavioral recovery of the animals following hypoxic-ischemic insult. In addition, xyloketal B significantly decreased calcium entry, reduced the number of TUNEL-positive cells, reduced the levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax proteins, and increased the level of Bcl-2 protein after the hypoxic-ischemic injury. Our findings indicate that xyloketal B is effective in models of hypoxia-ischemia and thus has potential as a treatment for hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.
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