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Lima LS, Ribeiro M, Cardozo LFMF, Moreira NX, Teodoro AJ, Stenvinkel P, Mafra D. Amazonian Fruits for Treatment of Non-Communicable Diseases. Curr Nutr Rep 2024; 13:611-638. [PMID: 38916807 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-024-00553-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The Amazon region has a high biodiversity of flora, with an elevated variety of fruits, such as Camu-Camu (Myrciaria dúbia), Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), Tucumã (Astrocaryum aculeatum and Astrocaryum vulgare), Fruta-do-conde (Annona squamosa L.), Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), Graviola (Annona muricata L.), Guarana (Paullinia cupana Kunth var. sorbilis), and Pitanga (Eugenia uniflora), among many others, that are rich in phytochemicals, minerals and vitamins with prominent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. RECENT FINDINGS Studies evaluating the chemical composition of these fruits have observed a high content of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Such components are associated with significant biological effects in treating various non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and related complications. Regular intake of these fruits from Amazonas emerges as a potential therapeutic approach to preventing and treating NCDs as a nutritional strategy to reduce the incidence or mitigate common complications in these patients, which are the leading global causes of death. As studies remain largely unexplored, this narrative review discusses the possible health-beneficial effects for patients with NCDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ligia Soares Lima
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Marcia Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Ludmila F M F Cardozo
- Nutrition Faculty, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Cardiovascular Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Nara Xavier Moreira
- Nutrition Faculty, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
| | - Anderson Junger Teodoro
- Nutrition Faculty, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói-Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Technology and Intervention, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Denise Mafra
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - Physiology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Nutrition Sciences, Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica-UPC. Rua Marquês de Paraná, Niterói-RJ, 303/4 Andar , Niterói, RJ, 24033-900, Brazil.
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Judkevich MD, Luaces PA, Gonzalez AM. Flower structure, anatomy, and sexuality of Chrysophyllum gonocarpum (Sapotaceae). PROTOPLASMA 2023; 260:1271-1285. [PMID: 36890288 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-023-01848-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The Sapotaceae are a significant component of the humid forests of the Neotropics and have many species of economic interest. Chrysophyllum gonocarpum is one of them and its edible fruits have currently acquired a high commercial value. Since there are no studies that cover its floral anatomy and elucidate its sexual system, the objective of the present study is to describe these aspects based on field observations and a detailed anatomical analysis of their flowers. Conventional techniques of plant anatomy are implemented. The results indicate that the species presents cryptic dioecy, showing specimens with morphologically and functionally pistillate flowers (with reduced staminodes), and trees with morphologically hermaphrodite and functionally staminate flowers. In addition, data on floral nectaries and laticiferous are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina D Judkevich
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sargento Cabral 2131, CC 209, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina.
| | - Paula Alayón Luaces
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sargento Cabral 2131, CC 209, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Ana M Gonzalez
- Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sargento Cabral 2131, CC 209, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Sargento Cabral 2131, CC 209, 3400, Corrientes, Argentina
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Martins GR, Bronzel Junior JL, Granero FO, Figueiredo CCM, Silva LP, Silva RMGDA. Phytoconstituents, antioxidant and antiglycation activity of Chrysophyllum cainito L., Hancornia speciosa Gomes and Plinia glomerata Berg. fruits. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20201853. [PMID: 37556705 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320201853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study verified the presence of phytoconstituents and evaluated antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP, NO and TBARS tests) and antiglycation (REM test) activities of unconventional wild edible fruits Chrysophyllum cainito, Hancornia speciosa and Plinia glomerata. It was verified the presence of phenolic compounds for all fruits and flavonoids were observed only for C. cainito, which presented in its peel the highest total phenols (90.34 μg GAE mg-1) and flavonoids (30.4 μg RE mg-1) content. Sugar concentration was significant for all fruits, where H. speciosa showed the highest reducing sugar content (576.12 mg g-1) and C. cainito pulp showed the highest total sugar content (858.67 mg g-1). All fruits presented vitamin C and carotenoids, highlighting P. glomerata with the best results for ascorbic acid (2260.94 mg 100 g-1) and carotenoids (59.62 µg g-1). Extracts presented antioxidant activity, highlighting C. cainito peel that presented 65.64% (DPPH), 231.34 µM TE L-1 (FRAP), 49.34% (NO) and 22.56% (TBARS), while in antiglycation evaluation, P. glomerata showed evident activity. Therefore, it was possible to determine different phytoconstituents, and antioxidant and antiglycation activities of the fruits. These data provide subsidies for application of these fruits in new studies, to increase knowledge and preservation of these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo R Martins
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Instituto de Química, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Jardim Quitandinha, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Fundação Educacional do Município de Assis/FEMA, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 1200, Vila Nova Santana, 19807-130 Assis, SP, Brazil
| | - João Luiz Bronzel Junior
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Instituto de Química, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Jardim Quitandinha, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Filipe O Granero
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Instituto de Química, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Jardim Quitandinha, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Célia Cristina M Figueiredo
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Instituto de Química, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Jardim Quitandinha, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana P Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Instituto de Química, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Jardim Quitandinha, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Regildo Márcio G DA Silva
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Instituto de Química, Rua Prof. Francisco Degni, 55, Jardim Quitandinha, 14800-060 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual Paulista/UNESP, Faculdade de Ciências e Letras de Assis, Departamento de Biotecnologia, Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais e Produtos Naturais, Av. Dom Antônio, 2100, Parque Universitário, 19806-900 Assis, SP, Brazil
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Miranda RDS, Jesus BDSM, Silva Luiz SR, Viana CB, Adão Malafaia CR, Figueiredo FDS, Carvalho TDSC, Silva ML, Londero VS, Costa‐Silva TA, Lago JHG, Martins RCC. Antiinflammatory activity of natural triterpenes—An overview from 2006 to 2021. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1459-1506. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Souza Miranda
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Sandra Regina Silva Luiz
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (IMPG‐UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Cristina Borges Viana
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Camila Rodrigues Adão Malafaia
- Laboratory of Natural Products and Biological Assays, Natural Products and Food Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Fabiana de Souza Figueiredo
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | | | - Matheus Lopes Silva
- Center of Human and Natural Sciences Federal University of ABC (UFABC) Santo André Brazil
| | - Vinicius Silva Londero
- Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP) Diadema Brazil
| | | | | | - Roberto Carlos Campos Martins
- Institute of Natural Products Research Walter Mors Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Chrysophyllum cainito. L alleviates diabetic and complications by playing antioxidant, antiglycation, hypoglycemic roles and the chemical profile analysis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 281:114569. [PMID: 34454054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chrysophyllum cainito L. (C. cainito) is a traditional folk medicine in tropical area which can be an alternative agent for diabetes mellitus. Although the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of the extracts are reported, little is known on the antiglycation activity and effects on diabetic complications. AIM OF THE STUDY This work was aimed to investigate the chemical profile, antidiabetic, antioxidant activities of C. cainito. Especially, the antiglycation potential as well as the relationships between components and activities were evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The content of the primary components (polyphenols, flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenes), antioxidant, and hypoglycemic effects of ethanolic extracts from C. cainito leaves (CCE-1, 2, 3, 4) and stems (CSE-1, 2, 3, 4) were analyzed and detected. The chemical profiles of CCE-2 were characterized by HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The antiglycation and protection against oxidative stress effects were determined by in vitro assays. Relationship between bioactivities and components was analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA), heatmap analysis, and Pearson correlation analysis. RESULTS The composition was diverse between leaves and stem extracts with different activities. CCE-2 possessed the highest DPPH scavenging activity. CSE-2 displayed the highest ABTS scavenging activity and ferric reducing power. While CCE-3 showed the most effective inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activity (IC50 4.103 ± 0.332 μg/mL and 0.180 ± 0.006 mg/mL, respectively). PCA analysis showed that the most important variables in PC1 (60.7%) were total polyphenol and antioxidant activities. The hypoglycemic activity and contents of steroids showed important correlation. Advanced glycation end products formation was effectively inhibited by CCE-2 with myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside as the main constituent. CCE-3 displayed the highest protection effect against L02 cell line oxidation damage. CONCLUSIONS C. cainito leaves might be a promising candidate for antioxidant, hypoglycemic and antiglycation dietary supplement or potential agent against diabetes associated chronic diseases.
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Narayanan M, Devi PG, Natarajan D, Kandasamy S, Devarayan K, Alsehli M, Elfasakhany A, Pugazhendhi A. Green synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles using leaf extract of Pouteria campechiana and larvicidal and pupicidal activity on Aedes aegypti. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 200:111333. [PMID: 34051198 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The frequent application of synthetic insecticides creates resistance among insects, including mosquitoes, and causes environmental pollution and health issues. The current work aim at assessing the possibilities to produce and characterize the titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) mediated through the aqueous leaf extract of Pouteria campechiana, and their larvicidal and pupicidal activities against Aedes aegypti. The attained results showed that the aqueous leaf extract of P. campechiana had the efficiency to fabricate TiO2 NPs from TiO2. Under the UV-vis spectrum analysis, a sharp peak was recorded at 320 nm, which indicated the production of TiO2 NPs by the plant extract. The SEM analysis revealed that the synthesized TiO2 NPs were spherical, and 5 dissimilar diffractions were detected in the XRD spectrum analysis related to the TiO2 NPs. In FTIR analysis, a prominent peak was found at 1052.41 cm-1, corresponding to alcohol, and confirmed metal reduction. In the EDX analysis, there was a signal of around 58.44%, confirming the decrease in Ti from TiO2 NPs, and the remaining percentages were Ca, Al, and Mg. About 900 μg mL-1 of TiO2 NPs had excellent lethal activity against various larvae and pupa stages of Ae. aegypti. The attained results showed that the P. campechiana aqueous leaf extract could reduce TiO2 into TiO2 NPs and could be considered a mosquito control agent. Furthermore, this is the initial report about the aqueous leaf extract of P. campechiana effectively synthesizing the TiO2 NPs with anti-mosquito activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathiyazhagan Narayanan
- PG and Research Centre in Biotechnology, MGR College, Adhiyamaan Educational Research Institute, Hosur, Krishnagiri, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Gokila Devi
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devarajan Natarajan
- Natural Drug Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Periyar Palkalai Nagar, Salem, 636 011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kesavan Devarayan
- College of Fisheries Engineering, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Nagapattinam, Tamil Nadu, 611 002, India
| | - Mishal Alsehli
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Elfasakhany
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
- School of Renewable Energy, Maejo University, Chiang Mai 50290, Thailand; College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Rosan Fortunato Seixas F, Kempfer Bassoli B, Borghi Virgolin L, Chancare Garcia L, Soares Janzantti N. Physicochemical Properties and Effects of Fruit Pulps from the Amazon Biome on Physiological Parameters in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051484. [PMID: 33924791 PMCID: PMC8146226 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the physicochemical characteristics and the effects of Amazonian pulp fruits consumption, such as araçá-boi (Eugenia stipitata), abiu grande (Pouteria caimito), araticum (Annona crassiflora), biri-biri (Averrhoa bilimbi L.), and yellow mangosteen (Garcinia xanthochymus), on hematologic, metabolic, renal, and hepatic function parameters in Wistar rats (n = 10 rats/group). The pulp of abiu had the highest levels of soluble solids, sugars, and pH. Biri-biri pulp had the highest levels of ascorbic acid and total titratable acidity, and a low pH. The araticum pulp had higher (p ≤ 0.05) ash content, total phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activity than the pulp of other analyzed fruits. No significant increase in hematocrit, nor reduction of blood glucose, plasma cholesterol, and serum levels of glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (TGP), creatinine, and urea was observed in experimental groups relative to the control group of rats after the consumption of fruits pulp. The intake of abiu and araticum pulps promoted a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in total leukocytes of the experimental groups as compared to the control group and only the intake of araticum significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) triglyceride blood levels in rats (99.50 mg/dL). The regular consumption of biri-biri pulp for 30 days significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (TGO) levels in rats (116.83 U/L) compared to the control group (98.00 U/L). More researches are needed to generate knowledge about these promising Amazonian fruits, supporting the native fruit production, in addition to promoting health in the population and sustainability in the Amazon region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Rosan Fortunato Seixas
- Department of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Highway Dourados/Itahum, Km 12—Unit II, 79804-970 Dourados, Brazil;
- Department of Engineering and Food Technology, São Paulo State University, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265—Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (L.B.V.); (N.S.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(69)-981351440
| | - Bruna Kempfer Bassoli
- Medical School, Federal University of Roraima, Avenida Capitão Ene Garcês, n° 2413—Aeroporto, 69310-000 Boa Vista, Brazil;
| | - Lara Borghi Virgolin
- Department of Engineering and Food Technology, São Paulo State University, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265—Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (L.B.V.); (N.S.J.)
| | - Laís Chancare Garcia
- Department of Health Science, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Highway Dourados/Itahum, Km 12—Unit II, 79804-970 Dourados, Brazil;
| | - Natália Soares Janzantti
- Department of Engineering and Food Technology, São Paulo State University, R. Cristóvão Colombo, 2265—Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, Brazil; (L.B.V.); (N.S.J.)
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Anti-inflammatory effects of Chrysophyllum cainito fruit extract in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:513-524. [PMID: 33725283 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00795-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The present paper sought to investigate the in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory effects of the methanolic extract (ME), hexane-ethyl acetate fraction E (FE) found in Chrysophyllum cainito fruits (CCF), as well the lupeol acetate (LA) obtained from FE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages. The macrophages were treated with ME, FE or LA at various concentrations and the viability of cells was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide method. Production of pro-inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines, as well as the nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) levels was determined using macrophages treated with ME, FE or LA at various concentrations and stimulated with LPS as an in vitro model. Afterwards, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects in vivo using the TPA-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema tests in mice and production of inflammatory mediators was estimated in serum samples. The results showed that the ME, FE and LA from fruits, FE and LA were able to trigger an inhibition in NO and H2O2 levels, as well as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α released by macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. LA from C. cainito fruits was found to significantly attenuate carrageenan-induced paw edema and TPA-induced ear edema. Therefore, the results suggest ME, FE and LA isolated from C. cainito fruits have anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages without affecting cell viability.
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Doan HV, Sritangos P, Iyara R, Chudapongse N. Chrysophyllum cainito stem bark extract induces apoptosis in Human hepatocarcinoma HepG2 cells through ROS-mediated mitochondrial pathway. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10168. [PMID: 33088629 PMCID: PMC7571409 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of primary liver cancer in humans. This study aimed to demonstrate anticancer properties of an aqueous extract from Chrysophyllum cainito stem bark (CE) and its underlying mechanisms. Our MTT assay results showed that CE significantly reduced human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell viability with the IC50of 100 µg/mL, while human dermal primary fibroblast (HDFa) cells showed less susceptibility in every concentration tested. Determined by Annexin V staining, the proportion of apoptotic HepG2 cells increased in a dose-dependent fashion after 24 hour-exposure of CE. The results from Western blot analysis confirmed that CE reduced procaspase-3, suggesting apoptosis by activating caspase-3 cleavage. Using the DCFH-DA and DiOC6 fluorescent probes, it was found that CE significantly stimulated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), respectively. According to cell cycle analysis, CE (100 µg/mL) profoundly increased the percentage of cells in the sub-G1 phase, indicating cell apoptosis. These data suggest that CE induces apoptosis and cell death in human hepatocellular carcinoma via generation of intracellular ROS and disruption of Δψm. This is the first demonstration of the anticancer activity with proposed underlying mechanism of CE in liver cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau V Doan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Tra Vinh University, Tra Vinh, Vietnam.,School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Pishyaporn Sritangos
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Roongtip Iyara
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
| | - Nuannoi Chudapongse
- School of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
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Chrysophyllum cainito: A Tropical Fruit with Multiple Health Benefits. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7259267. [PMID: 32148550 PMCID: PMC7049829 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7259267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chrysophyllum cainito is a tropical fruit tree with multiple benefits to human health. C. cainito possesses strong antioxidant properties either in vitro or in vivo. Extracts from the leaves, stem bark, fruits, peel, pulp, or seed of C. cainito are promising candidates in traditional medicine for curing diabetes and fighting against bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. C. cainito leaf extract alone or in a complex formula exhibits anti-inflammatory responses by reducing hypersensitivity, acts as inflammatory markers, and has antinociceptive effects. The leaf extract also increases wound healing speed and assists in regulating fat uptake. In addition, the C. cainito fruit shows anticancer activity against osteosarcoma. In conclusion, the aerial parts of C. cainito have strong beneficial biological effects on human health.
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Modulatory effects of Chrysophyllum cainito L. extract on gamma radiation induced oxidative stress in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:613-623. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Doan HV, Riyajan S, Iyara R, Chudapongse N. Antidiabetic activity, glucose uptake stimulation and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect of Chrysophyllum cainito L. stem bark extract. Altern Ther Health Med 2018; 18:267. [PMID: 30285723 PMCID: PMC6167849 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-018-2328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Chrysophyllum cainito L., a tropical fruit tree, has been used as an alternative medicine for the treatment of diabetic patients in many countries. However, there is very limited scientific rationale for this medical use. The present study aimed to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of the extract from C. cainito stem bark and the possible mechanisms underlying this activity. Methods Phytochemistry and in vitro antioxidant capacity of the extract were studied. Hypoglycemic activity of the extract was examined in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. The effect of C. cainito extract on glucose absorption and glucose uptake were conducted using mouse isolated jejunum and abdominal muscle, respectively. Finally, an in vitro effect of C. cainito extract on α-glucosidase activity was evaluated. Results C. cainito extract possessed a strong antioxidant activity comparable to the ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene. The extract at 500 mg/kg significantly reduced the area under curve of blood glucose level in oral glucose tolerance test in normal mice. In alloxan-induced diabetic model, similar to glibenclamide, a single dose of the extract significantly decreased fasting blood glucose level from 387.17 ± 29.84 mg/dl to 125.67 ± 62.09 mg/dl after 6 h of administration. From the isolated jejunum experiment, the extract at any doses used did not inhibit glucose absorption. However, the extract at 50 μg/ml significantly increased the amount of glucose uptake by abdominal muscles in the presence of insulin (P < 0.05). Lastly, it was found that the extract produced stronger inhibition of α-glucosidase activity (IC50 = 1.20 ± 0.09 μg/ml) than acarbose (IC50 = 198.17 ± 4.74 μg/ml). Conclusion Direct evidence of antidiabetic activity of C. cainito stem bark with possible modes of action, glucose uptake stimulation and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect, was reported for the first time herein. These data support the potential use of this plant for the treatment of diabetic patients.
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Chel-Guerrero LD, Sauri-Duch E, Fragoso-Serrano MC, Pérez-Flores LJ, Gómez-Olivares JL, Salinas-Arreortua N, Sierra-Palacios EDC, Mendoza-Espinoza JA. Phytochemical Profile, Toxicity, and Pharmacological Potential of Peels from Four Species of Tropical Fruits. J Med Food 2018; 21:734-743. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Dolores Chel-Guerrero
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Enrique Sauri-Duch
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory, Instituto Tecnológico de Mérida, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Mabel Clara Fragoso-Serrano
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - Laura Josefina Pérez-Flores
- Division of Biological Sciences and Health, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Luis Gómez-Olivares
- Division of Biological Sciences and Health, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Noé Salinas-Arreortua
- Division of Biological Sciences and Health, Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (UAM), Unidad Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edgar del Carmen Sierra-Palacios
- Program of Natural Products, Casa Libertad Campus, College of Sciences and Humanities, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), Ciudad de México, México
| | - José Alberto Mendoza-Espinoza
- Program of Natural Products, Casa Libertad Campus, College of Sciences and Humanities, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México (UACM), Ciudad de México, México
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Chrysophyllum cainito (apple-star): a fruit with gastroprotective activity in experimental ulcer models. Inflammopharmacology 2017; 27:985-996. [PMID: 29222687 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-017-0427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The gastroprotective potential of the methanolic extracts from peels (MEPe), seeds (MESe) and pulp (MEPu) of Chrysophyllum cainito L. (Sapotaceae) fruits was evaluated in mice using ethanol/HCl- and indomethacin-induced ulcer, as well as the antiulcer effect of the juice and flour from this fruit. The lowest oral gastroprotective dose of MEPe, MESe and MEPu against ethanol/HCl was 3, 3 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, all extracts increased mucin secretion at 176, 198 and 193%. Intraperitoneal administration of MEPe (0.3 mg/kg), MESe (0.3 mg/kg) and MEPu (1 mg/kg) also promoted gastroprotection against ethanol/HCl. In addition, MEPe (3 mg/kg, p.o), MESe (3 mg/kg, p.o) and MEPu (10 mg/kg, p.o) reduced indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in mice by 78, 70 and 50%, respectively. Regarding the mode of action, the gastroprotective effect of MEPe was decreased by the pre-administration of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM, a sulfhydryl group chelator, 10 mg/kg, i.p), glibenclamide (a potassium channel blocker, 10 mg/kg, i.p), yohimbine (10 mg/kg, i.p, an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg, i.p) and indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, 10 mg/kg, i.p). The gastroprotective effect of MESe was reduced by the pre-administration of NEM, glibenclamide, N-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 70 mg/kg, i.p) and yohimbine, while MEPu had the gastroprotective effect decreased in animals pretreated with NEM and L-NAME. However, the extracts did not reduce gastric acid secretion. The supplementation with the flour from C. cainito fruit at 10% by 7 days, but not the juice intake, displayed gastroprotective potential, evidencing the fruit as a promising functional food. Together, the antiulcer effect of extracts of the C. cainito fruit in different experimental models was confirmed by the favoring of mucosal protective mechanisms among different, but complementary, modes of action. In parallel, the gastroprotective effects of the flour from C. cainito fruit were also described.
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Chan-Zapata I, Canul-Canche J, Fernández-Martín K, Martín-Quintal Z, Torres-Romero JC, Lara-Riegos JC, Ramírez-Camacho MA, Arana-Argáez VE. Immunomodulatory effects of the methanolic extract from Pouteria campechiana leaves in macrophage functions. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09540105.2017.1386163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Chan-Zapata
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Jaqueline Canul-Canche
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Karla Fernández-Martín
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Zhelmy Martín-Quintal
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Julio Cesar Torres-Romero
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
| | - Julio Cesar Lara-Riegos
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, México
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Majumdar R, Tantayanon S, Bag BG. Synthesis of palladium nanoparticles with leaf extract of Chrysophyllum cainito (Star apple) and their applications as efficient catalyst for C–C coupling and reduction reactions. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-017-0220-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Antonisamy P, Agastian P, Kang CW, Kim NS, Kim JH. Anti-inflammatory activity of rhein isolated from the flowers of Cassia fistula L. and possible underlying mechanisms. Saudi J Biol Sci 2017; 26:96-104. [PMID: 30622412 PMCID: PMC6319193 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2017.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Anti-inflammatory activity of rhein in animal models with potential mechanism of actions. Methods Rhein was isolated from Cassia fistula L. flowers collected in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Its anti-inflammatory activity was then investigated in Wistar rats and mice using carrageenan-induced hind paw oedema, croton oil-induced ear oedema, cotton pellet-induced granuloma and acetic acid-induced vascular permeability models. Results Administration of rhein (10, 20, 40 mg/kg) significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats and croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice in dose-dependent manners. Continual administration of rhein to rats using implanted cotton pellets significantly (p < 0.05) reduced granuloma formation (20 mg/kg: 17.24%; 40 mg/kg: 36.12%) compared to control group animals. Administration of rhein increased the activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) and decreased the levels of nitrite, interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), malondialdehyde (MDA) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) compared to control animals. Western blotting results revealed that rhein diminished carrageenan-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and increased heme oxygenase (HO)-1, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR)-γ and heat shock protein (HSP)-72 expression after 6 h in the paw oedema model. Conclusion The anti-inflammatory mechanisms of rhein might be related to decrease in the levels of MDA, iNOS and COX-2 and the stimulation of HO-1, PPAR-γ and Nrf2 expression via increases in the activities of CAT, SOD and GSH-px through the suppression of nitrite, TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance
- AUC, area under the curve
- Anti-inflammatory
- C.fistula, Cassiafistula L.
- CAT, catalase
- CMC, carboxymethylcellulose
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- Cassia fistula
- Ear oedema
- GSH-px, glutathione peroxidase
- HSP-72, heat shock protein
- IL-1β, interleukin-1β
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- MPO, myeloperoxidase
- Nrf2, nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2
- PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- Paw oedema
- Rats
- Rhein
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α
- VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor
- WHO, World Health Organization
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulrayer Antonisamy
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 5459679 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Paul Agastian
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College, Chennai 600 034, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chang-Won Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 5459679 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 5459679 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, 5459679 Gobong-ro, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author.
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Déciga-Campos M, Ortiz-Andrade R, Sanchez-Recillas A, Flores-Guido JS, Ramírez Camacho MA. Antinociceptive and Antihyperalgesic Activity of a Traditional Maya Herbal Preparation Composed of Pouteria Campechiana, Chrysophyllum Cainito, Citrus Limonum, and Annona Muricata. Drug Dev Res 2017; 78:91-97. [PMID: 28176363 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research The purpose of this work was to assess the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic properties of an herbal preparation, composed of four vegetal species: Pouteria campechiana (P. campechiana), Chrysophyllum cainito (C. cainito), Citrus limonum (C. limonum), and Annona muricata (A. muricata), that is commonly used in combination (PCCA) in traditional Mayan medicine for the treatment of diabetes and pain. An ethanolic extract of PCCA was prepared at a ratio of 1:1:1:1 for each plant. The systemic antinociceptive effect of PCCA extract (50-600 mg/kg, p.o.) was dose-dependent in the rat formalin (1%) producing 66% antinociceptive response at 400 mg/kg, p.o. A concentration-dependent antinociceptive effect of the PCCA extract (20-160 mg/paw) was also demonstrated in the rat capsaicin (0.2%) test. The PCCA extract (100-400 mg/kg, p.o.) had antihyperalgesic effects in alloxan diabetic rats. These findings demonstrate the antinociceptive and antihyperalgesic effects of PCCA and supports the use of the plant extracts in Mayan folk medicine. Drug Dev Res 78 : 91-97, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myrna Déciga-Campos
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación de la Escuela Superior de Medicina, IPN, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rolffy Ortiz-Andrade
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, México
| | - Amanda Sanchez-Recillas
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, México
| | | | - Mario A Ramírez Camacho
- Centro de Información de Medicamentos, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Yucatán, México
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Arana-Argáez VE, Chan-Zapata I, Canul-Canche J, Fernández-Martín K, Martín-Quintal Z, Torres-Romero JC, Coral-Martínez TI, Lara-Riegos JC, Ramírez-Camacho MA. IMMUNOSUPPRESIVE EFFECTS OF THE METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CHRYSOPHYLLUM CAINITO LEAVES ON MACROPHAGE FUNCTIONS. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL, COMPLEMENTARY, AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINES : AJTCAM 2016; 14:179-186. [PMID: 28480396 PMCID: PMC5411870 DOI: 10.21010/ajtcam.v14i1.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this work was to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of the methanol extract (MeOH) from Chrysophyllum cainito leaves on the MΦs functions. MATERIAL AND METHODS Peritoneal murine MΦs isolated from Balb/c mice were treated with the MeOH extract and stimulated with LPS. The effect on the phagocytosis was evaluated by flow cytometry assay. The nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production was measured by the Griess reagent and phenol red reaction, respectively. Levels of IL-6 and TNF-α was measured using an ELISA kit. Viability of MΦs and Vero cells was determined by the MTT method. RESULTS The MeOH extract of C. cainito leaves inhibited significantly the phagocytosis, and decreased IL-6 and TNF-α production as well as NO and H2O2 released by the MΦs, in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, MeOH extract of C. cainito showed low cytotoxicity effect against the cells. CONCLUSION These results suggest that MeOH extract of C. cainito leaves has an immunosuppressive effect on murine MΦs, without effects on cell viability. GC-MS chromatogram analysis of MeOH extract showed that lupeol acetate and alpha-amyrin acetate are the principal compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivan Chan-Zapata
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán
| | | | | | - Zhelmy Martín-Quintal
- Laboratorio de Química Farmacéutica, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de, Yucatán
| | - Julio Cesar Torres-Romero
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad, Autónoma de Yucatán
| | | | - Julio Cesar Lara-Riegos
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica y Genética Molecular, Facultad de Química, Universidad, Autónoma de Yucatán
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Majumdar R, Tantayanon S, Gopal Bag B. A Novel Trihybrid Material Based on Renewables: An Efficient Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for C−C Coupling and Reduction Reactions. Chem Asian J 2016; 11:2406-14. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201600773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rakhi Majumdar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Supawan Tantayanon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok 10330 Thailand
| | - Braja Gopal Bag
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technology; Vidyasagar University; Midnapore 721102, WB India
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Meira NA, Rocha LW, da Silva GF, Quintal ZM, Delle Monache F, Cechinel Filho V, Quintão NLM. Chrysophyllum cainito leaves are effective against pre-clinical chronic pain models: Analysis of crude extract, fraction and isolated compounds in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 184:30-41. [PMID: 26945982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Chrysophyllum cainito L. (Sapotaceae), commonly known as caimito or star apple, is a neotropical tree valued for its ornamental quality and edible fruits. Besides its culinary use, the leaves are also popularly used to treat diabetes mellitus and several inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THIS STUDY This study aimed to complement previous data obtained about the anti-hypersensitivity effects of the crude methanol extract (CME), CHCl3 fraction and isolated compounds obtained from C. cainito. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CME, CHCl3 fraction and two isolated triterpenes identified as 3β-Lup-20(29)-en-3-yl acetate (1) and Lup-20(29)-en-3β-O-hexanoate (2) were evaluated regarding their effects using clinical pain models, such as post-operative, inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Acute inflammatory pain models induced by PGE2, epinephrine, LPS and CFA were also used to improve the knowledge about the mechanism of action. RESULTS The animals treated with the CME and submitted to PGE2, epinephrine, LPS or CFA had the mechanical hypersensitivity significantly reduced. When repeatedly administered, the CME enhanced the mechanical withdrawal threshold of mice submitted to post-operative pain model, CFA-induced chronic inflammatory pain and two different models of neuropathic pain. In turn, the CHCl3 fraction presented anti-hypersensitivity effect against epinephrine- or LPS-induced hypersensitivity, with a more prominent activity in both the neuropathic pain models. The compound 1 seems to present the same profile of the CHCl3, whereas compound 2 exhibited activity similar to the CME. CONCLUSIONS This data suggests that the CME effect involves interference in the production, release or action of some chemical mediators, such as PGE2, sympathetic amines, cytokines, etc. Part of these effects was observed with the CHCl3 fraction, emphasizing the prominent inhibition of neuropathic pain. The results also demonstrated that part of the CME effects are due to the presence of the triterpenes 1 and 2, but it is important to mention that we cannot discard the effects of countless other compounds presented in the crude extract, acting in a synergic way.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lilian W Rocha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Brazil
| | | | - Zhelmy Martin Quintal
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán (UADY), Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Franco Delle Monache
- Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), CCS, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Valdir Cechinel Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Brazil; Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), CCS, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nara Lins Meira Quintão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Brazil; Núcleo de Investigações Químico-Farmacêuticas (NIQFAR), CCS, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí (UNIVALI), Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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Anti-inflammatory activity of bartogenic acid containing fraction of fruits of Barringtonia racemosa Roxb. in acute and chronic animal models of inflammation. J Tradit Complement Med 2016; 7:86-93. [PMID: 28053892 PMCID: PMC5198830 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2015] [Revised: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The fruits of Barringtonia racemosa are traditionally used in Indian medicine for the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions. In this study, a fraction of ethyl acetate extract of fruits of B. racemosa (BREAF) was investigated for anti-inflammatory activity in experimental models of acute and chronic inflammation. Activity against acute inflammation was evaluated in inflammogens induced rat paw edema models. Whereas, effect in chronic inflammation was evaluated in cotton pellet granuloma and oxazolone induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) model in mice. The BREAF exhibited dose dependent anti-inflammatory activity in both acute and chronic models at oral doses of 5, 10 and 20 mg/kg. BREAF inhibited both phases of carrageenan induced rat paw inflammation. The reduction in paw inflammation by BREAF was also evident in histamine and serotonin induced inflammation in rats. Effect of BREAF on DTH indicates inhibition of immune mediated inflammation. The reduction in cotton pellet granuloma by BREAF treatment shows inhibition of proliferative changes associated with chronic inflammation. Analysis of BREAF after chromatographic separations showed presence of bartogenic acid as a major constituent. Hence, it is proposed that anti-inflammatory effects of BREAF can be partially attributed to its bartogenic acid content. The minute doses at which this fraction shows anti-inflammatory effects emphasizes the need for further investigations on its efficacy in the immuno-inflammatory conditions.
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Wilches I, Tobar V, Peñaherrera E, Cuzco N, Jerves L, Vander Heyden Y, León-Tamariz F, Vila E. Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of the methanolic extract from Jungia rugosa leaves in rodents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 173:166-71. [PMID: 26192806 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Jungia rugosa Less (Asteraceae), popularly known in Ecuador as "Carne humana" or "Fompo", is a vine present into the Andean region. It is traditionally used as medicine for the treatment of bruises, cuts and other external inflammatory processes. This study was designed to investigate the anti-inflammatory activity of J. rugosa leaves extract (JRLE) in rodents. MATERIAL AND METHODS The acute anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by animal models, including croton oil-induced ear oedema in mice, carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats and myeloperoxidase (MPO); the chronic anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by cotton pellet-induced granuloma. RESULTS Intraperitoneal administration of JRLE (125, 250, 500mg/kg) significantly (p<0.01-0.001) inhibited the croton oil-induced ear oedema and MPO activity in mice; the carrageenan-induced paw oedema in rats was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by 500mg/kg. Repeated (6 days) administration of the extract to mice previously implanted with cotton pellets reduced the formed granuloma (125mg/kg: 11.7%; 250mg/kg: 17.9%; 500mg/kg: 32.4%) but only the inhibition by 500mg/kg reached statistical significance (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS The results show that JRLE is effective as an anti-inflammatory agent in acute and chronic inflammation in mice, supporting its traditional use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Wilches
- Faculty of Chemistry, School of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Vladimiro Tobar
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Eugenia Peñaherrera
- Faculty of Chemistry, School of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Nancy Cuzco
- Faculty of Chemistry, School of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Lourdes Jerves
- Faculty of Chemistry, School of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Yvan Vander Heyden
- Department Analytical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology, Vrije Universiteit Brussels-VUB, Belgium
| | - Fabián León-Tamariz
- Faculty of Chemistry, School of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador
| | - Elisabet Vila
- Faculty of Chemistry, School of Biochemistry and Pharmacy, University of Cuenca, Cuenca, Ecuador; Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain.
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Loza-Mejía MA, Salazar JR. Sterols and triterpenoids as potential anti-inflammatories: Molecular docking studies for binding to some enzymes involved in inflammatory pathways. J Mol Graph Model 2015; 62:18-25. [PMID: 26342572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2015.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Revised: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Triterpenes and sterols are good candidates for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs and use in chemoprevention or chemotherapy of cancer via the interaction with therapeutic targets related to inflammation, such as COX-1 and -2; LOX-5; MPO, PLA2 and i-NOS. In this study, we use molecular docking to evaluate the potential binding of a database of selected sterol and triterpenoid compounds with several skeletons against enzymes related to inflammation to propose structural requirements beneficial for anti-inflammatory activity that can be used for the design of more potent and selective anti-inflammatory and antitumor drugs. Our results suggest that the substitution pattern is important and that there is an important relationship between the class of sterol or triterpenoid skeleton and enzyme binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Loza-Mejía
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad La Salle, Benjamín Franklin 47, 06140 México City, Mexico.
| | - Juan Rodrigo Salazar
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad La Salle, Benjamín Franklin 47, 06140 México City, Mexico.
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Contribution of α,β-Amyrenone to the Anti-Inflammatory and Antihypersensitivity Effects of Aleurites moluccana (L.) Willd. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:636839. [PMID: 25386561 PMCID: PMC4217248 DOI: 10.1155/2014/636839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyze the constituents of the dichloromethane fraction obtained from A. moluccana and also to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of α,β-amyrenone isolated from A. moluccana in mice. The dichloromethane fraction was evaluated by gas chromatography and submitted to purification. The mixture of α,β-amyrenone was isolated and then evaluated using the carrageenan-induced paw-oedema or pleurisy and CFA-induced arthritis models in mice. Five triterpenes, α,β-amyrenone, glutinol, and α,β-amyrin were isolated from dichloromethane fraction of A. moluccana leaf extract. The mixture of α,β-amyrenone, dosed orally, was able to reduce mechanical hypersensitivity and paw-oedema induced by carrageenan, interfering with neutrophil migration. Similar results were observed in the carrageenan-induced pleurisy model. Repeated administration of the compounds was also effective in reducing the mechanical sensitization and oedema developed in the arthritis model induced by CFA. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that α,β-amyrenone interferes in both acute and chronic inflammatory processes. We can infer that these effects involve, at least in part, a reduction in the neutrophil migration. Therefore, it seems reasonable to suggest that α,β-amyrenone could represent a new therapeutic tool for the management of painful and inflammatory diseases, especially those presenting a chronic profile.
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