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Functional Selectivity of Coumarin Derivates Acting via GPR55 in Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020959. [PMID: 35055142 PMCID: PMC8779649 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-neuroinflammatory treatment has gained importance in the search for pharmacological treatments of different neurological and psychiatric diseases, such as depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer’s disease. Clinical studies demonstrate a reduction of the mentioned diseases’ symptoms after the administration of anti-inflammatory drugs. Novel coumarin derivates have been shown to elicit anti-neuroinflammatory effects via G-protein coupled receptor GPR55, with possibly reduced side-effects compared to the known anti-inflammatory drugs. In this study, we, therefore, evaluated the anti-inflammatory capacities of the two novel coumarin-based compounds, KIT C and KIT H, in human neuroblastoma cells and primary murine microglia. Both compounds reduced PGE2-concentrations likely via the inhibition of COX-2 synthesis in SK-N-SH cells but only KIT C decreased PGE2-levels in primary microglia. The examination of other pro- and anti-inflammatory parameters showed varying effects of both compounds. Therefore, the differences in the effects of KIT C and KIT H might be explained by functional selectivity as well as tissue- or cell-dependent expression and signal pathways coupled to GPR55. Understanding the role of chemical residues in functional selectivity and specific cell- and tissue-targeting might open new therapeutic options in pharmacological drug development and might improve the treatment of the mentioned diseases by intervening in an early step of their pathogenesis.
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Ogunrinade FA, Guetchueng ST, Katola FO, Aderogba MA, Akande IS, Sarker SD, Olajide OA. Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides inhibits lipopolysaccharide- and synthetic hemozoin-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia: roles of NF-κB transcription factor and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 73:118-134. [PMID: 33791805 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effects of a root extract of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides on neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia stimulated with LPS and hemozoin were investigated. METHODS ELISA, enzyme immunoassay and Griess assay were used to evaluate levels of cytokines, PGE2 and NO in culture supernatants, respectively. Microglia-mediated neurotoxicity was evaluated using a BV-2 microglia-HT-22 neuron transwell co-culture. KEY FINDINGS Treatment with Z. zanthoxyloides caused reduced elevated levels of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, NO and PGE2, while increasing the levels of IL-10. In addition, there were reduced levels of iNOS and COX-2 proteins. This was accompanied by a prevention of microglia-mediated damage to HT-22 mouse hippocampal neurons. Z. zanthoxyloides reduced elevated levels of phospho-IκB and phospho-p65, while preventing degradation of IκB protein and DNA binding of p65. Further mechanistic studies revealed that Z. zanthoxyloides reduced the levels of pro-IL-1β and IL-1β in hemozoin-activated BV-2 microglia. This was accompanied by a reduction in caspase-1 activity and NLRP3 protein expression. Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of skimmianine as an anti-inflammatory compound in Z. zanthoxyloides. CONCLUSION This is the first report showing the inhibition of neuroinflammation in LPS- and hemozoin-activated BV-2 microglia by the root extract of Z. zanthoxyloides by targeting the activation of both NF-κB and NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Folashade A Ogunrinade
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Stephanie T Guetchueng
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Folashade O Katola
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Mutalib A Aderogba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
| | - Idowu S Akande
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Byrom Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Olumayokun A Olajide
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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Protective Role of Picralima nitida Seed Extract in High-Fat High-Fructose-Fed Rats. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2020; 2020:5206204. [PMID: 33163962 PMCID: PMC7604582 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5206204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Picralima nitida is a therapeutic herb used in ethnomedicine for the management of several disease conditions including diabetes. This study examined the potential palliative effect of aqueous seed extract of Picralima nitida (APN) on dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, insulin resistance, and the expression of some metabolic genes in high-fat high-fructose-fed rats. Experimental rats (2 months old) were fed a control diet or a high-fat diet with 25% fructose (HFHF diet) in their drinking water for nine weeks. APN was administered orally during the last four weeks. Anthropometric and antioxidant parameters, lipid profile, plasma glucose, and insulin levels and the relative expression of some metabolic genes were assessed. APN caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in weight gained, body mass index, insulin resistance, plasma glucose, and insulin levels. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while triacylglycerol, cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, cardiac index, atherogenic index, coronary artery index, and malondialdehyde levels in plasma and liver samples were also significantly decreased (P < 0.05) by APN at all experimental doses when compared to the group fed with an HFHF diet only. APN also significantly (P < 0.05) upregulated the relative expression of glucokinase, carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 (CPT-1), and leptin at 400 mg/kg body weight when compared to the group fed with an HFHF diet only. This study showed that APN alleviated dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and oxidant effect associated with the intake of a high-fat high-fructose diet.
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Ajayi AM, Alabi AO, Adebesin A, Ben-Azu B, Umukoro S. Aqueous extract of dry powder blend of seeds and leaves of Picralima nitida (Stapf) T. & H. Durand reduce pain and inflammation in animal models. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 32:97-107. [PMID: 32598312 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Blend of seeds and leaves of Picralima nitida herein referred to as West African Durand powder (WDP) was investigated for antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. METHODS Acute toxic effect of the aqueous extract was evaluated in mice of both sexes. Antinociceptive effect of WDP (100-400 mg/kg) was evaluated in models of acetic acid-induced writhing and thermal nociception on hot plate in mice. Carrageenan-induced paw oedema and air pouch rat models were used to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of the extract. RESULTS WDP (2,000 mg/kg) showed no toxic effect in mice. WDP at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg inhibited abdominal writhings by 59.9, 66.0 and 79.0%, respectively. There was a significant increase in reaction time on the hot plate tests in mice treated with WDP (400 mg/kg). The paw oedema was reduced by WDP (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) 5 h post-carrageeenan. Exudate volume was significantly reduced to 39.8 and 44.8% by 200 and 400 mg/kg WDP, respectively. WDP reduced Leucocytes counts (23.3 and 57.1%, respectively) and neutrophil counts (28.1 and 60.0%, as well as reduced nitrites, malondialdehyde levels and increased glutathione concentrations in the air pouch. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that aqueous extract of blend of seeds and leaves of P. nitida possesses antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Akinyinka O Alabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-iwoye, Ogun, Nigeria
| | - Adaeze Adebesin
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
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Awodele O, Coulidiaty AGV, Afolayan GO, Agagu S, Omoseyindemi B, Busia K. Toxicological evaluation of Picralima nitida in rodents. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:205-219. [PMID: 30853649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Picralima nitida (Stapf) T. Durand and H. Durand (Apocynaceae), over the years has shown wide range of usage in African folk medicine and its safety profile in instances of prolonged use and pregnancy are major concerns. The study aimed to extensively investigate the toxicological effects of Picralima nitida in albino rodents and make appropriate extrapolations to humans. In the first phase of the experiment which evaluated the genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity of P. nitida, a total of 40 albino rats (male and female) were randomized into 4 groups of 10 animals per group. Group 1 (control group) was orally administered with 10 ml/kg of distilled water. Animals in Groups 2 to 4 were administered with aqueous seed extract of the plant at 100, 200, 400 mg/kg body weight/day, respectively. Oral administration at the designated doses was continued for 90 days after which they were sacrificed by cervical dislocation for subchronic toxicological assessment. In the genotoxicity phase, 30 female mice were randomized into 5 groups, the control group was treated with 10 ml/kg of distilled water, groups 2 to 4, treated with 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses of extract, and the 5th group had cyclophosphamide (0.1 mg/kg). The mice were sacrificed on the 28th day for bone marrow sampling for genotoxicity testing. In the second phase of the experiment which evaluated the teratogenicity of P. nitida, graded doses of the extract were administered to pregnant rats from day 1-19. Three groups of 6 female rats per group were administered 75, 150 and 300 mg/kg aqueous extract of P. nitida and a fourth group of 6 rats used as control was administered distilled water at 10 ml/kg. On day 20, 3 dams from each group were sacrificed and the foetuses were harvested through abdominal incision for physical examination. The 3 remaining dams were allowed to litter. The litters were sacrificed at 6 weeks for biochemical, haematological and histological analyses. The LD50 determined was 707.107 mg/kg. The aqueous seed extract of P. nitida was found to be genotoxic at all the test doses. There were no significant alterations in haematologic and renal parameters following subchronic administration. Notable dynamics were observed in hormonal characteristics: there was a significant dose-dependent reduction in FSH while oestradiol and progesterone showed dose-dependent increase. Furthermore, P. nitida may cause hepatopathy as shown by hepatic venous and sinusoidal congestion on hepatic histology. Also, there is non-significant reduction in total cholesterol and LDL. No significant alteration in glucose level. Furthermore, the extract produced a statistically significant decrease in birth weight (p < 0.0001). The extract induced a significant (p < 0.05) increase in creatinine and transaminase levels in the first filial of group 150 mg/kg. The platelet count was increased in all treated group (p < 0.005). All the histology of kidney in 150 mg/kg group showed vascular congestion. In conclusion, the aqueous seed extract of P. nitida has teratogenic effects and should not be used in pregnant women. Also, P. nitida is highly genotoxic and may cause hepatic damage and depletion of glutathione pool on chronic use, thereby causing oxidative stress and its potential sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunsho Awodele
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Abdul Gafar Victoir Coulidiaty
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria; Centre MURAZ, Health Research Institute, Burkina Faso. http://
| | - Gbenga Oluyemi Afolayan
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Sunday Agagu
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Nigeria.
| | - Bunmi Omoseyindemi
- Past Chairman of the Lagos Traditional Medicine Board, Nigeria; Traditional Medicine Member Expert Committee of WHO and WAHO, Burkina Faso.
| | - Kofi Busia
- Traditional Medicine Officer, West African Health Organization (WAHO), Burkina Faso.
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Larsson K, Kock A, Kogner P, Jakobsson PJ. Targeting the COX/mPGES-1/PGE 2 Pathway in Neuroblastoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1161:89-100. [PMID: 31562624 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21735-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The importance of prostaglandin E2 in cancer progression is well established, but research on its role in cancer has so far mostly been focused on epithelial cancer in adults while the knowledge about the contribution of prostaglandin E2 to childhood malignancies is limited. Neuroblastoma, an extracranial solid tumor of the sympathetic nervous system, mainly affects young children. Patients with tumors classified as high-risk have poor survival despite receiving intensive treatment, illustrating a need for new treatments complimenting existing ones. The basis of neuroblastoma treatment e.g. chemotherapy and radiation therapy, target the proliferating genetically unstable tumor cells leading to treatment resistance and relapses. The tumor microenvironment is an avenue, still to a great extent, unexplored and lacking effective targeted therapies. Cancer-associated fibroblasts is the main source of prostaglandin E2 in neuroblastoma contributing to angiogenesis, immunosuppression and tumor growth. Prostaglandin E2 is formed from its precursor arachidonic acid in a two-step enzymatic reaction. Arachidonic acid is first converted by cyclooxygenases into prostaglandin H2 and then further converted by microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 into prostaglandin E2. We believe targeting of microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 in cancer-associated fibroblasts will be an effective future therapeutic strategy in fighting neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Larsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anna Kock
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Kogner
- Childhood Cancer Research Unit, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Li YQ, Chen JT, Yin SM, Nie DN, He ZY, Xie SF, Wang XJ, Wu YD, Xiao J, Liu HY, Wang JY, Yang WJ, Ma LP. Regulation of mPGES-1 composition and cell growth via the MAPK signaling pathway in jurkat cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:3211-3219. [PMID: 30214544 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) is highly expressed and closely associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in various types of malignant cells. However, their expression patterns and function with respect to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) remain largely unknown. The present study investigated whether mPGES-1 served a crucial role in T-ALL and aimed to identify interactions between mPGES-1 and the MAPK signaling pathway in T-ALL. The results indicated that mPGES-1 overexpression in T-ALL jurkat cells was significantly decreased by RNA silencing. Decreasing mPGES-1 on a consistent basis may inhibit cell proliferation, induce apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle in T-ALL jurkat cells. Microarray and western blot analyses revealed that c-Jun N-terminal kinase served a role in the mPGES-1/prostaglandin E2/EP4/MAPK positive feedback loops. In addition, P38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 exhibited negative feedback effects on mPGES-1. In conclusion, the results suggested that cross-talk between mPGES-1 and the MAPK signaling pathway was very complex. Therefore, the combined regulation of mPGES-1 and the MAPK signaling pathway may be developed into a new candidate therapy for T-ALL in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Qing Li
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetic and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jiao-Ting Chen
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetic and Gene Regulation, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510655, P.R. China
| | - Song-Mei Yin
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Da-Nian Nie
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Yuan He
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Shuang-Feng Xie
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Ju Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Dan Wu
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Yang
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
| | - Li-Ping Ma
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, P.R. China
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Howarth C, Sutherland B, Choi HB, Martin C, Lind BL, Khennouf L, LeDue JM, Pakan JMP, Ko RWY, Ellis-Davies G, Lauritzen M, Sibson NR, Buchan AM, MacVicar BA. A Critical Role for Astrocytes in Hypercapnic Vasodilation in Brain. J Neurosci 2017; 37:2403-2414. [PMID: 28137973 PMCID: PMC5354350 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0005-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is controlled by arterial blood pressure, arterial CO2, arterial O2, and brain activity and is largely constant in the awake state. Although small changes in arterial CO2 are particularly potent to change CBF (1 mmHg variation in arterial CO2 changes CBF by 3%-4%), the coupling mechanism is incompletely understood. We tested the hypothesis that astrocytic prostaglandin E2 (PgE2) plays a key role for cerebrovascular CO2 reactivity, and that preserved synthesis of glutathione is essential for the full development of this response. We combined two-photon imaging microscopy in brain slices with in vivo work in rats and C57BL/6J mice to examine the hemodynamic responses to CO2 and somatosensory stimulation before and after inhibition of astrocytic glutathione and PgE2 synthesis. We demonstrate that hypercapnia (increased CO2) evokes an increase in astrocyte [Ca2+]i and stimulates COX-1 activity. The enzyme downstream of COX-1 that synthesizes PgE2 (microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1) depends critically for its vasodilator activity on the level of glutathione in the brain. We show that, when glutathione levels are reduced, astrocyte calcium-evoked release of PgE2 is decreased and vasodilation triggered by increased astrocyte [Ca2+]iin vitro and by hypercapnia in vivo is inhibited. Astrocyte synthetic pathways, dependent on glutathione, are involved in cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 Reductions in glutathione levels in aging, stroke, or schizophrenia could lead to dysfunctional regulation of CBF and subsequent neuronal damage.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal activity leads to the generation of CO2, which has previously been shown to evoke cerebral blood flow (CBF) increases via the release of the vasodilator PgE2 We demonstrate that hypercapnia (increased CO2) evokes increases in astrocyte calcium signaling, which in turn stimulates COX-1 activity and generates downstream PgE2 production. We demonstrate that astrocyte calcium-evoked production of the vasodilator PgE2 is critically dependent on brain levels of the antioxidant glutathione. These data suggest a novel role for astrocytes in the regulation of CO2-evoked CBF responses. Furthermore, these results suggest that depleted glutathione levels, which occur in aging and stroke, will give rise to dysfunctional CBF regulation and may result in subsequent neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Howarth
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
- Cancer Research United Kingdom and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, United Kingdom
| | - Brad Sutherland
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom
| | - Hyun B Choi
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Chris Martin
- Cancer Research United Kingdom and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TP, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Lykke Lind
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Lila Khennouf
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jeffrey M LeDue
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Janelle M P Pakan
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rebecca W Y Ko
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Graham Ellis-Davies
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10028, and
| | - Martin Lauritzen
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology and Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Rigshospitalet, DK-2600 Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Nicola R Sibson
- Cancer Research United Kingdom and Medical Research Council Oxford Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, United Kingdom
| | - Alastair M Buchan
- Acute Stroke Programme, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, United Kingdom,
| | - Brian A MacVicar
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada,
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9
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Velagapudi R, Baco G, Khela S, Okorji U, Olajide O. Pomegranate inhibits neuroinflammation and amyloidogenesis in IL-1β-stimulated SK-N-SH cells. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1653-60. [PMID: 26155780 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0984-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pomegranate fruit, Punica granatum L. (Punicaceae), and its constituents have been shown to inhibit inflammation. In this study, we aimed to assess the effects of freeze-dried pomegranate (PWE) on PGE2 production in IL-1β-stimulated SK-N-SH cells. METHODS An enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was used to measure prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production from supernatants of IL-1β-stimulated SK-N-SH cells. Expression of COX-2, phospho-IκB, and phospho-IKK proteins was evaluated, while NF-κB reporter gene assay was carried out in TNFα-stimulated HEK293 cells to determine the effect of PWE on NF-κB transactivation. Levels of BACE-1 and Aβ in SK-N-SH cells stimulated with IL-1β were measured with an in cell ELISA. RESULTS PWE (25-200 μg/ml) dose dependently reduced COX-2-dependent PGE2 production in SK-N-SH cells stimulated with IL-1β. Phosphorylation of IκB and IKK was significantly (p < 0.001) inhibited by PWE (50-200 μg/ml). Our studies also show that PWE (50-200 μg/ml) significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited NF-κB transactivation in TNFα-stimulated HEK293 cells. Furthermore, PWE inhibited BACE-1 and Aβ expression in SK-N-SH cells treated with IL-1β. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study demonstrates that pomegranate inhibits inflammation, as well as amyloidogenesis in IL-1β-stimulated SK-N-SH cells. We propose that pomegranate is a potential nutritional strategy in slowing the progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikanth Velagapudi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Gina Baco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Sunjeet Khela
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Uchechukwu Okorji
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Olumayokun Olajide
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, West Yorkshire, HD1 3DH, UK.
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10
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Shu G, Zhao W, Yue L, Su H, Xiang M. Antitumor immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Salvia chinensis Benth. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 168:237-247. [PMID: 25858511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Salvia chinensis Benth (S. chinensis) is a traditional herb applied in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Polysaccharides abundantly exist in this plant. However, it remains poorly understood if polysaccharides from S. chinensis (PSSC) contribute to its anti-HCC activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The in vivo anti-HCC activity of PSSC was evaluated in Kunming mice bearing H22 ascitic hepatoma cells. An array of physiological indexes was measured to evaluate toxicological effects on host animals. Subgroups of immune cells were purified by a magnetic-activated cell sorting system and analyzed by flow cytometry. Reverse transcription real-time PCR and immunoblotting were recruited to determine the effects of PSSC on the cellular signaling of different subgroup of immune cells. RESULTS PSSC suppressed in vivo proliferation of H22 cells with undetectable toxic effects on tumor-bearing mice. PSSC alleviated tumor transplantation-induced CD4+ T cell apoptosis and dysregulation of serum cytokine profiles, which elevated cytotoxic activities of natural killer and CD8+ T cells. PSSC reduced serum levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Injection of exogenous PGE2 completely abrogated the antitumor immunostimulatory activity of PSSC. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is the second messager of PGE2. In CD4+ T cells, PSSC substantially declined intracellular cAMP. This event elevated protein levels of JAK3, enhancing STAT5 phosphorylation and STAT5-dependent expression of anti-apoptotic genes. Cyclooxygenase-2 is the key enzyme mediating biosynthesis of PGE2. PSSC suppressed the transcription and translation of cyclooxygenase-2 in tumor associated macrophages. CONCLUSION Our data clearly showed antitumor immunostimulatory activity of PSSC against transplanted H22 HCC cells. Suppressing tumor transplantation-induced PGE2 production was implicated in the anti-tumor immunostimulatory activity of PSSC. These works provides novel insights into the traditional application of S. chinensis against HCC and supported considering PSSC as an adjuvant reagent in clinical HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangwen Shu
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Wenhao Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Ling Yue
- Endocrinology department, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hanwen Su
- Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Meixian Xiang
- College of Pharmacy, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, PR China.
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Chen Y, Liu H, Xu S, Wang T, Li W. Targeting microsomal prostaglandin E2synthase-1 (mPGES-1): the development of inhibitors as an alternative to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). MEDCHEMCOMM 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00278h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AA cascade and several key residues in the 3D structure of mPGES-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
| | | | - Shuang Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Tianlin Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
- Nanjing
- China
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12
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Olajide OA, Kumar A, Velagapudi R, Okorji UP, Fiebich BL. Punicalagin inhibits neuroinflammation in LPS-activated rat primary microglia. Mol Nutr Food Res 2014; 58:1843-51. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201400163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Olumayokun A. Olajide
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences; University of Huddersfield; Huddersfield UK
| | - Asit Kumar
- Neurochemistry Research Laboratory; University of Freiburg Medical School; Freiburg Germany
- Faculty of Biology; University of Freiburg; Freiburg Germany
| | - Ravikanth Velagapudi
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences; University of Huddersfield; Huddersfield UK
| | - Uchechukwu P. Okorji
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences; University of Huddersfield; Huddersfield UK
| | - Bernd L. Fiebich
- Neurochemistry Research Laboratory; University of Freiburg Medical School; Freiburg Germany
- VivaCell Biotechnology GmbH; Denzlingen Germany
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