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Naqvi S, Rehman NU, Azhar I, Palla A. Unraveling the multi-faceted role of Rosmarinus officinalis L. (rosemary) and diosmetin in managing gut motility. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 332:118395. [PMID: 38801915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary) is a popular herb with reported effectiveness against diarrhea, anxiety and constipation, albeit with limited pharmacological evidence. AIM OF THE STUDY The current study was aimed at evaluating the therapeutic potential, possible pharmacological mechanisms of action and active constituents of hydro-ethanolic extract of rosemary (Rs.Cr), as potential anti-diarrheal, laxative and anxiolytic agent. METHOD Rs.Cr was analyzed through reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Laxative, antidiarrheal, and anxiolytic activities were assessed using in vivo models. Spasmogenic and spasmolytic mechanisms were studied on isolated guinea pig ileum and rabbit jejunum tissues, respectively. Possible role of diosmetin, one of the active constituents of Rs.Cr was also evaluated. RESULTS RP-HPLC analysis revealed presence of diosmetin, rutin and apigenin in Rs.Cr. Laxative effect was seen at low doses, which was partially reversed in atropinized mice. The spasmogenic mechanism was mediated by cholinergic and histaminergic receptors stimulation. At higher doses, antidiarrheal activity was evident, with reduction in gastrointestinal motility and secretions using charcoal meal and enteropooling assays, respectively. Rs.Cr also showed dose-dependent anxiolytic effect. The antispasmodic mechanisms were mediated by anti-muscarinic and K+ channel opening-like effect (predominant KATP-dependent). Diosmetin exhibited antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities, but spasmogenic effect was not seen. CONCLUSION Rosemary leaves have dual antidiarrheal and laxative effects, and as well as anxiolytic activity. In addition, the possible modulation of muscarinic and histaminergic receptors, and KATP channels show it as potential herb to be explored for irritable bowel syndrome. Diosmetin is possibly one of its constituents that contributes to its antidiarrheal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Naqvi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; Faculty of Pharmacy, Iqra University, North Campus, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Najeeb Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Iqbal Azhar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Amber Palla
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Boshra SA, Nazeam JA, Esmat A. Flaxseed oil fraction reverses cardiac remodeling at a molecular level: improves cardiac function, decreases apoptosis, and suppresses miRNA-29b and miRNA 1 gene expression. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:6. [PMID: 38167049 PMCID: PMC10759513 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Flaxseed is an ancient commercial oil that historically has been used as a functional food to lower cholesterol levels. However, despite its longstanding treatment, there is currently a lack of scientific evidence to support its role in the management of cardiac remodeling. This study aimed to address this gap in knowledge by examining the molecular mechanism of standardized flaxseed oil in restoring cardiac remodeling in the heart toxicity vivo model. The oil fraction was purified, and the major components were standardized by qualitative and quantitative analysis. In vivo experimental design was conducted using isoproterenol ISO (85 mg/kg) twice subcutaneously within 24 h between each dose. The rats were treated with flaxseed oil fraction (100 mg/kg orally) and the same dose was used for omega 3 supplement as a positive control group. The GC-MS analysis revealed that α-linolenic acid (24.6%), oleic acid (10.5%), glycerol oleate (9.0%) and 2,3-dihydroxypropyl elaidate (7%) are the major components of oil fraction. Physicochemical analysis indicated that the acidity percentage, saponification, peroxide, and iodine values were 0.43, 188.57, 1.22, and 122.34 respectively. As compared with healthy control, ISO group-induced changes in functional cardiac parameters. After 28-day pretreatment with flaxseed oil, the results indicated an improvement in cardiac function, a decrease in apoptosis, and simultaneous prevention of myocardial fibrosis. The plasma levels of BNP, NT-pro-BNP, endothelin-1, Lp-PLA2, and MMP2, and cTnI and cTn were significantly diminished, while a higher plasma level of Topo 2B was observed. Additionally, miRNA - 1 and 29b were significantly downregulated. These findings provide novel insight into the mechanism of flaxseed oil in restoring cardiac remodeling and support its future application as a cardioprotective against heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia A Boshra
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Jilan A Nazeam
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 of October City, Giza, 12585, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed Esmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
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Alawlaqi MM, Al-Rajhi AMH, Abdelghany TM, Ganash M, Moawad H. Evaluation of Biomedical Applications for Linseed Extract: Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Anti-Diabetic, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities In Vitro. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:300. [PMID: 37367264 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the last few decades, the development of multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbes has accelerated alarmingly and resulted in significant health issues. Morbidity and mortality have increased along with the prevalence of infections caused by MDR bacteria, making the need to solve these problems an urgent and unmet challenge. Therefore, the current investigation aimed to evaluate the activity of linseed extract against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) as an isolate from diabetic foot infection. In addition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory biological activities of linseed extract were evaluated. RESULT HPLC analysis indicated the presence of 1932.20 µg/mL, 284.31 µg/mL, 155.10 µg/mL, and 120.86 µg/mL of chlorogenic acid, methyl gallate, gallic acid, and ellagic acid, respectively, in the linseed extract. Rutin, caffeic acid, coumaric acid, and vanillin were also detected in the extract of linseed. Linseed extract inhibited MRSA (35.67 mm inhibition zone) compared to the inhibition zone (29.33 mm) caused by ciprofloxacin. Standards of chlorogenic acid, ellagic acid, methyl gallate, rutin, gallic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, and coumaric acid compounds reflected different inhibition zones against MRSA when tested individually, but less than the inhibitory action of crude extract. A lower MIC value, of 15.41 µg/mL, was observed using linseed extract than the MIC 31.17 µg/mL of the ciprofloxacin. The MBC/MIC index indicated the bactericidal properties of linseed extract. The inhibition % of MRSA biofilm was 83.98, 90.80, and 95.58%, using 25%, 50%, and 75%, respectively, of the MBC of linseed extract. A promising antioxidant activity of linseed extract was recorded, with an IC50 value of 20.8 µg/mL. Anti-diabetic activity of linseed extract, expressed by glucosidase inhibition, showed an IC50 of 177.75 µg/mL. Anti-hemolysis activity of linseed extract was documented at 90.1, 91.5, and 93.7% at 600, 800, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. Anti-hemolysis activity of the chemical drug indomethacin, on the other hand, was measured at 94.6, 96.2, and 98.6% at 600, 800, and 1000 µg/mL, respectively. The interaction of the main detected compound in linseed extract (chlorogenic acid) with the crystal structure of the 4G6D protein of S. aureus was investigated via the molecular docking (MD) mode to determine the greatest binding approach that interacted most energetically with the binding locations. MD showed that chlorogenic acid was an appropriate inhibitor for S. aureus via inhibition of its 4HI0 protein. The MD interaction resulted in a low energy score (-6.26841 Kcal/mol) with specified residues (PRO 38, LEU 3, LYS 195, and LYS 2), indicating its essential role in the repression of S. aureus growth. CONCLUSION Altogether, these findings clearly revealed the great potential of the in vitro biological activity of linseed extract as a safe source for combatting multidrug-resistant S. aureus. In addition, linseed extract provides health-promoting antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-inflammatory phytoconstituents. Clinical reports are required to authenticate the role of linseed extract in the treatment of a variety of ailments and prevent the development of complications associated with diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Alawlaqi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha M H Al-Rajhi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek M Abdelghany
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11725, Egypt
| | - Magdah Ganash
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Moawad
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 82817, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Department, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
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Carvacrol encapsulation into nanoparticles produced from chia and flaxseed mucilage: Characterization, stability and antimicrobial activity against Salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. Food Microbiol 2022; 108:104116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Ansari P, Akther S, Hannan JMA, Seidel V, Nujat NJ, Abdel-Wahab YHA. Pharmacologically Active Phytomolecules Isolated from Traditional Antidiabetic Plants and Their Therapeutic Role for the Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134278. [PMID: 35807526 PMCID: PMC9268530 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic complication that affects people of all ages. The increased prevalence of diabetes worldwide has led to the development of several synthetic drugs to tackle this health problem. Such drugs, although effective as antihyperglycemic agents, are accompanied by various side effects, costly, and inaccessible to the majority of people living in underdeveloped countries. Medicinal plants have been used traditionally throughout the ages to treat various ailments due to their availability and safe nature. Medicinal plants are a rich source of phytochemicals that possess several health benefits. As diabetes continues to become prevalent, health care practitioners are considering plant-based medicines as a potential source of antidiabetic drugs due to their high potency and fewer side effects. To better understand the mechanism of action of medicinal plants, their active phytoconstituents are being isolated and investigated thoroughly. In this review article, we have focused on pharmacologically active phytomolecules isolated from medicinal plants presenting antidiabetic activity and the role they play in the treatment and management of diabetes. These natural compounds may represent as good candidates for a novel therapeutic approach and/or effective and alternative therapies for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prawej Ansari
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (S.A.); (J.M.A.H.); (N.J.N.)
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +880-1323-879720
| | - Samia Akther
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (S.A.); (J.M.A.H.); (N.J.N.)
| | - J. M. A. Hannan
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (S.A.); (J.M.A.H.); (N.J.N.)
| | - Veronique Seidel
- Natural Products Research Laboratory, Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0RE, UK;
| | - Nusrat Jahan Nujat
- Department of Pharmacy, Independent University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh; (S.A.); (J.M.A.H.); (N.J.N.)
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Secondary Metabolism Rearrangements in Linum usitatissimum L. after Biostimulation of Roots with COS Oligosaccharides from Fungal Cell Wall. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27072372. [PMID: 35408773 PMCID: PMC9000297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In vitro culture of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) was exposed to chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) in order to investigate the effects on the growth and secondary metabolites content in roots and shoots. COS are fragments of chitosan released from the fungal cell wall during plant–pathogen interactions. They can be perceived by the plant as pathogen-associated signals, mediating local and systemic innate immune responses. In the present study, we report a novel COS oligosaccharide fraction with a degree of polymerization (DP) range of 2–10, which was produced from fungal chitosan by a thermal degradation method and purified by an alcohol-precipitation process. COS was dissolved in hydroponic medium at two different concentrations (250 and 500 mg/L) and applied to the roots of growing flax seedlings. Our observations indicated that the growth of roots and shoots decreased markedly in COS-treated flax seedlings compared to the control. In addition, the results of a metabolomics analysis showed that COS treatment induced the accumulation of (neo)lignans locally at roots, flavones luteolin C-glycosides, and chlorogenic acid in systemic responses in the shoots of flax seedlings. These phenolic compounds have been previously reported to exhibit a strong antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. COS oligosaccharides, under the conditions applied in this study (high dose treatment with a much longer exposure time), can be used to indirectly trigger metabolic response modifications in planta, especially secondary metabolism, because during fungal pathogen attack, COS oligosaccharides are among the signals exchanged between the pathogen and host plant.
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Mattalia G, Belichenko O, Kalle R, Kolosova V, Kuznetsova N, Prakofjewa J, Stryamets N, Pieroni A, Volpato G, Sõukand R. Multifarious Trajectories in Plant-Based Ethnoveterinary Knowledge in Northern and Southern Eastern Europe. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:710019. [PMID: 34722694 PMCID: PMC8551763 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.710019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last century in the European context, animal production has been transformed by the dynamics of centralization and decentralization due to political and economic factors. These processes have influenced knowledge related to healing and ensuring the welfare of domestic animals. Therefore, our study aimed to document and compare current and past ethnoveterinary practices, and to identify trajectories in ethnoveterinary knowledge in study regions from both northern and southern Eastern Europe. In the summers of 2018 and 2019, we conducted 476 interviews, recording the use of 94 plant taxa, 67 of which were wild and 24 were cultivated. We documented 452 use reports, 24 of which were related to the improvement of the quality or quantity of meat and milk, while the other 428 involved ethnoveterinary practices for treating 10 domestic animal taxa. Cattle were the most mentioned target of ethnoveterinary treatments across all the study areas, representing about 70% of all use reports. Only four plant species were reported in five or more countries (Artemisia absinthium, Hypericum spp., Linum usitatissimum, Quercus robur). The four study regions located in Northern and Southern Eastern Europe did not present similar ethnoveterinary knowledge trajectories. Bukovinian mountain areas appeared to hold a living reservoir of ethnoveterinary knowledge, unlike the other regions. Setomaa (especially Estonian Setomaa) and Dzukija showed an erosion of ethnoveterinary knowledge with many uses reported in the past but no longer in use. The current richness of ethnoveterinary knowledge reported in Bukovina could have been developed and maintained through its peculiar geographical location in the Carpathian Mountains and fostered by the intrinsic relationship between the mountains and local pastoralists and by its unbroken continuity of management even during the Soviet era. Finally, our results show some patterns common to several countries and to the veterinary medicine promoted during the time of the Soviet Union. However, the Soviet Union and its centralized animal breeding system, resulted in a decline of ethnoveterinary knowledge as highly specialized veterinary doctors worked in almost every village. Future research should examine the complex networks of sources from where farmers derive their ethnoveterinary knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mattalia
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy.,Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Belichenko
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Raivo Kalle
- University of Gastronomic Sciences of Pollenzo, Bra, Italy
| | - Valeria Kolosova
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy.,Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Natalia Kuznetsova
- Institute for Linguistic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia Prakofjewa
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Nataliya Stryamets
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
| | - Andrea Pieroni
- University of Gastronomic Sciences of Pollenzo, Bra, Italy.,Department of Medical Analysis, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Renata Sõukand
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Venice, Italy
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Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Xu Y, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Zhang L. Ultrasonic-Assisted Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction Combined with Macroporous Resin Enrichment of Lignans from Flaxseed Meal and Their Antioxidant Activities. J AOAC Int 2021; 105:1183-1192. [PMID: 34623419 DOI: 10.1093/jaoacint/qsab124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Secoisolariciresinol di glucoside (SDG) is a natural antioxidant generally extracted from flaxseed, which is one of the most important oil crops in China, the by-product of the flaxseed oil, i.e., flaxseed meal, still contains a lot of lignans. However, flaxseed meal is generally treated as waste, resulting in a huge waste of resources. OBJECTIVE To establish an efficient and convenient method for extraction and purification of lignans from flaxseed meal. METHODS First, we used response surface methodology (RSM) to optimize the extraction conditions of the ultrasonic-assisted aqueous two-phase system (UAATPS), and we obtained the purified extracts by macroporous resin purification (MRP). Second, the antioxidant ability of the extracts was studied in vitro. RESULTS The best extraction conditions obtained were as follows: 9.0 wt% sodium hydroxide, 30.0 wt% isopropanol, extraction time 39 min, liquid-to-solid ratio of 52.0 mL/g, ultrasonic wave 560 W, and extraction temperature 40 °C. Under the optimal conditions, the purity of crude extracts (SDG-APTS-C) reached 21.5%. The desorption conditions of MRP were as follows: eluting 3 BV with ultrapure water, and then eluting with 25% ethanol at 2 BV/h to collect eluents. The purified extracts (SDG-ATPS-P) had a purity quotient of 73.9%, 52.4% higher than that of SDG-ATPS-C. Additionally, experiments conducted in this paper revealed that SDG-ATPS-C and SDG-ATPS-P could effectively remove DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl free radicals in vitro. CONCLUSIONS The method was validated for extracting SDG from flaxseed meal, thus achieving the reuse of flaxseed meal. HIGHLIGHTS This research provides some references for the application of UAATPS combined with MRP in natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhizhou Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongchao Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yichao Wu
- College of Life Science, China West Normal University, 1Shida Road, Nanchong, 637002, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongxiang Xu
- College of Science, Xihua University, 999Tuqiaojinzhou Road, Chengdu, 610039, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunsong Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Long Wang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, 46 Xinkang Road, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, China
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Comparative FT-IR Prospecting for Cellulose in Stems of Some Fiber Plants: Flax, Velvet Leaf, Hemp and Jute. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant fibers are sustainable sources of materials for many industries, and can be obtained from a variety of plants. Cellulose is the main constituent of plant-based fibers, and its properties give the characteristics of the fibers obtained. Detailed characterization of cellulosic fibers is often performed after lengthy extraction procedures, while fast screening might bring the benefit of quick qualitative assessment of unprocessed stems. The aim of this research was to define some marker spectral regions that could serve for fast, preliminary qualitative characterization of unprocessed stems from some textile plants through a practical and minimally invasive method without lengthy extraction procedures. This could serve as a screening method for sorting raw materials by providing an accurate overall fingerprint of chemical composition. For this purpose, we conducted comparative Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) prospecting for quality markers in stems of flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), velvet leaf (Abutilon theophrasti Medik.), hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and jute (Corchorus olitorius L.). Analysis confirmed the presence of major components in the stems of the studied plants. Fingerprint regions for cellulose signals were attributed to bands at 1420–1428 cm−1 assigned to the crystalline region and 896–898 cm−1 assigned to the amorphous region of cellulose. The optimization of characterization methods for raw materials is important and can find immediate practical applications.
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Zając M, Kiczorowska B, Samolińska W, Kowalczyk-Pecka D, Andrejko D, Kiczorowski P. Effect of inclusion of micronized camelina, sunflower, and flax seeds in the broiler chicken diet on performance productivity, nutrient utilization, and intestinal microbial populations. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101118. [PMID: 34077850 PMCID: PMC8173300 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of micronized full-fat camelina, flax, or sunflower seeds in the diet for broiler chickens on the performance productivity, nutrient utilization, and composition of intestinal microbial populations and to assess the possibility of modification of the resistance of isolated bacteria to chemotherapeutic agents with different mechanisms of action. The use of micronized oilseeds improved the broiler chicken body weight (P = 0.035) and the FCR value (P = 0.045) in the final rearing stage by enhancement of the utilization of total protein and organic matter. Lactobacillus-Enterococcus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Escherichia coli, and Salmonella spp. were isolated from small intestinal contents, and Enterobacteriaceae taxa were detected in the cecum and cloaca of the broiler chickens. The addition of micronized camelina seeds (CAM.IR) contributed to an increase in the Bifidobacterium counts in the small intestine, compared with the control treatment (P < 0.050). Escherichia coli bacteria were not isolated only in the CAM.IR treatment. Nitrofurantoin and chloramphenicol were the most effective agents against the isolates from the cecum and cloaca in all oilseed treatments, whereas streptomycin exhibited the lowest efficacy. In the CAM.IR and micronized sunflower seed (SUN.IR) treatments, there were higher counts of trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains than in the control and micronized flax seed (FLA.IR) treatments (P < 0.05). There was a difference between strains isolated from the cecum and cloaca only in the FLA.IR treatment, i.e., increased tetracycline sensitivity was exhibited by strains isolated from the cloaca (13% vs. 50%), also in comparison with the control treatments (P = 0.054). In comparison with the CAM.IR and control treatments, reduced numbers of multi-resistant strains were found in the cloaca isolates from the for FLA.IR and SUN.IR variants. Micronized camelina, flax, and sunflower seeds can be used as part of an effective nutritional strategy focused on optimization of the efficiency of rearing broiler chickens, as they positively modify intestinal microbial populations and increase bacterial sensitivity to the analyzed chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malwina Zając
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13,20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bożena Kiczorowska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13,20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Wioletta Samolińska
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Bromatology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13,20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Danuta Kowalczyk-Pecka
- Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka Street 13,20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Andrejko
- Department of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technologies, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka Street 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
| | - Piotr Kiczorowski
- Department of Biological Bases of Food and Feed Technologies, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka Street 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
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Nigussie D, Davey G, Tufa TB, Brewster M, Legesse BA, Fekadu A, Makonnen E. Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Ethiopian Medicinal Plants: A Systematic Review. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:633921. [PMID: 34140888 PMCID: PMC8203926 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.633921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Podoconiosis and lymphatic filariasis are the most common causes of lower limb lymphoedema in the tropics. Many sufferers experience frequent painful episodes of acute bacterial infection. Plant based traditional medicines are used to treat infections in many countries and are culturally established in Ethiopia. Ethiopian medicinal plants found to have antibacterial and antifungal activities were reviewed with the aim of increasing information about the treatment of wound infections in patients with lymphoedema. Methods: This study collates data from published articles on medicinal plants with antibacterial and antifungal activities in Ethiopia. A systematic search of Scopus, EMBASE, PUBMED/MEDLINE and Google Scholar was undertaken. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed. The protocol was registered on PROSPERO with registration number CRD42019127471. All controlled studies of in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities were considered. All articles containing the descriptors published until June 28, 2019 were included. The outcome was measured as percent inhibition of microbial growth. For quality assessment of individual in vitro studies, OECD guidelines and the WHO-Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) handbook were used. Results: Seventy-nine studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 150 plant species and three compounds had been tested against 42 species of bacteria, while 43 plant species had been tested against 22 species of fungus. Conclusion: Materials derived from several Ethiopian medicinal plants have been shown to have promising activity against a variety of bacteria and fungi. Those derived from Azadiractha indica A. Juss. and Lawsonia inerms L. are the most extensively studied against a wide range of gram-negative and positive bacteria, and fungal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dereje Nigussie
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Davey
- Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Takele Beyene Tufa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Belete Adefris Legesse
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Fekadu
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Eyasu Makonnen
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Bujok J, Miśta D, Wincewicz E, Króliczewska B, Dzimira S, Żuk M. Atherosclerosis Development and Aortic Contractility in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits Supplemented with Two Different Flaxseed Varieties. Foods 2021; 10:534. [PMID: 33806676 PMCID: PMC8001360 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) is widely regarded as the main beneficial component of flax for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. We evaluated the effect of the transgenic flaxseed W86-which is rich in ALA-on the lipid profile, atherosclerosis progression, and vascular reactivity in hypercholesterolemic rabbits compared to the parental cultivar Linola with a very low ALA content. Rabbits were fed a basal diet (control) or a basal diet supplemented with 1% cholesterol, 1% cholesterol and 10% flaxseed W86, or 1% cholesterol and 10% Linola flaxseed. A high-cholesterol diet resulted in an elevated plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared to the control animals. Aortic sections from rabbits fed Linola had lower deposits of foamy cells than those from rabbits fed W86. A potassium-induced and phenylephrine-induced contractile response was enhanced by a high-cholesterol diet and not influenced by the W86 or Linola flaxseed. Pretreatment of the aortic rings with nitro-L-arginine methyl ester resulted in a concentration-dependent tendency to increase the reaction amplitude in the control and high-cholesterol diet groups but not the flaxseed groups. Linola flaxseed with a low ALA content more effectively reduced the atherosclerosis progression compared with the W86 flaxseed with a high concentration of stable ALA. Aorta contractility studies suggested that flaxseed ameliorated an increased contractility in hypercholesterolemia but had little or no impact on NO synthesis in the vascular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolanta Bujok
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Dorota Miśta
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Edyta Wincewicz
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Bożena Króliczewska
- Department of Animal Physiology and Biostructure, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (D.M.); (E.W.); (B.K.)
| | - Stanisław Dzimira
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, C.K. Norwida 31, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Żuk
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland;
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Ahmad S, Zahiruddin S, Parveen B, Basist P, Parveen A, Gaurav, Parveen R, Ahmad M. Indian Medicinal Plants and Formulations and Their Potential Against COVID-19-Preclinical and Clinical Research. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:578970. [PMID: 33737875 PMCID: PMC7962606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.578970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cases of COVID-19 are still increasing day-by-day worldwide, even after a year of its first occurrence in Wuhan city of China. The spreading of SARS-CoV-2 infection is very fast and different from other SARS-CoV infections possibly due to structural differences in S proteins. The patients with severe diseases may die due to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by systemic inflammatory reactions due to the excessive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines by the immune effector cells. In India too, it is spreading very rapidly, although the case fatality rate is below 1.50% (https://www.statista.com), which is markedly less than in other countries, despite the dense population and minimal health infrastructure in rural areas. This may be due to the routine use of many immunomodulator medicinal plants and traditional AYUSH formulations by the Indian people. This communication reviews the AYUSH recommended formulations and their ingredients, routinely used medicinal plants and formulations by Indian population as well as other promising Indian medicinal plants, which can be tested against COVID-19. Special emphasis is placed on Indian medicinal plants reported for antiviral, immunomodulatory and anti-allergic/anti-inflammatory activities and they are categorized for prioritization in research on the basis of earlier reports. The traditional AYUSH medicines currently under clinical trials against COVID-19 are also discussed as well as furtherance of pre-clinical and clinical testing of the potential traditional medicines against COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2. The results of the clinical studies on AYUSH drugs will guide the policymakers from the AYUSH systems of medicines to maneuver their policies for public health, provide information to the global scientific community and could form a platform for collaborative studies at national and global levels. It is thereby suggested that promising AYUSH formulations and Indian medicinal plants must be investigated on a priority basis to solve the current crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeed Ahmad
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sultan Zahiruddin
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Parakh Basist
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Abida Parveen
- Centre for Translational and Clinical Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Gaurav
- Bioactive Natural Product Laboratory, Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
| | - Rabea Parveen
- Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia (Central University), New Delhi, India
| | - Minhaj Ahmad
- Department of Surgery, School of Unani Medical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Deemed University), New Delhi, India
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Ansari R, Zarshenas MM, Dadbakhsh AH. A Review on Pharmacological and Clinical Aspects of Linum usitatissimum L. Curr Drug Discov Technol 2020; 16:148-158. [PMID: 29779483 DOI: 10.2174/1570163815666180521101136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND Linum usitatissimum L., known as common Flax or linseed, from the family Linnaceae, has long been cultivated in different nations due to its applications in medicine and industry. The present study aims to collect nearly all available information about chemical constituents of Flax, as well as pharmacological properties and confirmed clinical usages of it. METHODS We searched through databases such as Scopus and PubMed for relevant literature using the keywords: Linum usitatissimum, pharmacology and phytochemical from the beginning to 13 Aug 2017. Nearly 60 relevant papers, relating to a pharmacological and phytochemical constituent of L. usitatissimum were selected. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION According to our researches, various properties were attributed to L. usitatisimum including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, insecticidal, analgesic, anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hyperglycemic, anti-tumor, wound healing and Feticidal activities. There were also many reports on disease prevention and healing properties of the flax. Diseases like: GI disorders, cardiovascular, urogenital, respiratory diseases and some neurological syndromes were mentioned to be treated by Flax. The application of Flax in drug formulations was also investigated. CONCLUSION Despite so much animal studies that have been accomplished, there have not been enough clinical trials done on pharmacological properties of L. usitatissimum. Therefore, this study could be considered as a concise and up to date overview for further facile studies and clinical trials over the valuable plant, L. usitatissimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Ansari
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad M Zarshenas
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir H Dadbakhsh
- Department of Phytopharmaceuticals (Traditional Pharmacy), School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Multiple Mechanisms of Flaxseed: Effectiveness in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:7974835. [PMID: 32765633 PMCID: PMC7374215 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7974835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Materials and Methods Aqueous-methanolic crude extracts of Flaxseed (Fs.Cr) and Flaxseed oil were tested against 6% acetic acid- (AA-) induced colitis in BALB/c mice. Microscopic damage parameters of the hematoxylin and eosin-stained and periodic acid-Schiff-alcian blue-stained sections of the colon were scored to be assessed. Possible antispasmodic mechanism was studied on isolated rabbit jejunum, while antibacterial activity was assessed in vitro for microbes implicated in IBD. Results In AA-induced colitis, Flaxseed oil was found to be more effective in reducing mortality and colonic ulcers than Fs.Cr at 500 mg/kg dose. Fs.Cr was more efficacious in increasing mucin content as compared to oil, exhibiting slightly greater anti-inflammatory effect (50% vs 35%) and reducing depth of lesion (55% vs 42.31%, respectively). Antispasmodic activity of Fs.Cr (0.03 and 0.1 mg/ml) was mediated by phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDEI, possibly PDE-4 subtype) with a resultant increase in cAMP levels. Flaxseed oil PDEI activity was mild (1 and 3 mg/ml). Fs.Cr (0.1 and 0.3 mg/ml) was potent in exhibiting anticholinergic activity, similar to dicyclomine, whereas Flaxseed oil showed anticholinergic effect at 1 and 3 mg/ml. Flaxseed oil (9 and 14 µg/ml) was bactericidal against enteropathogenic E.coli (EPEC), enterotoxigenic E.coli (ETEC), and enteroaggregative E.coli (EAEC), whereas Fs.Cr exhibited bactericidal effect against EPEC at 100 µg/ml. Conclusions Results of this study, taken together with previous studies, suggest that Flaxseed possesses anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antispasmodic action through multiple pathways and thus offers promising potential to be developed for IBD.
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Hirudkar JR, Parmar KM, Prasad RS, Sinha SK, Lomte AD, Itankar PR, Prasad SK. The antidiarrhoeal evaluation of Psidium guajava L. against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli induced infectious diarrhoea. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 251:112561. [PMID: 31926988 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The plant Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), commonly used as an edible fruit is traditionally used worldwide in treatment of various gastrointestinal problems including diarrhoea. The leaves of the plant have also been evaluated for antidiarrhoeal activity in various chemical induced diarrhoea models. OBJECTIVE The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the potency of P. guajava leaves and its major biomarker quercetin against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) induced infectious diarrhoea using preclinical and computational model. MATERIAL AND METHODS P. guajava alcoholic leaf extract (PGE) was initially standardized using HPLC taking quercetin as a biomarker and was then subjected to antidiarrhoeal evaluation on rats in an EPEC induced diarrhoea rat model. The study included assessment of various behavioral parameters, initially for 6 h and then for up to 24 h of induction which was followed by estimation of stool water content, density of EPEC in stools and blood parameters evaluation. The colonic and small intestinal tissues of the treated animals were subjected to various biochemical estimations, in vivo antioxidant evaluation, estimation of ion concentration, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, assessment of pro-inflammatory cytokines and histopathological studies. Further, the major biomarker off PGE, quercetin was subjected to molecular docking studies with Na+/K+-ATPase and EPEC. RESULTS The results demonstrated a significant antidiarrhoeal activity of quercetin (50 mg/kg), PGE at 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o., where quercetin and PFGE at 200 mg/kg, p.o. were found to be more prominent, as confirmed through higher % protection, water content of stools and density of EPEC in stools. PGE and its biomarker quercetin also significantly recovered the WBC, Hb, platelets loss and also revealed a significant restoration of altered antioxidants level, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) expression and had positive influence on Na+/K+-ATPase activity. The docking studies of quercetin with Na+/K+-ATPase showed favourable interactions and residues Glu 327, Ser 775, Asn 776, Glu 779 and Asp 804 of Na+/K+-ATPase were adequately similar to quercetin for donating ligands for binding, while quercetin was also found to terminate the linkage between mammalian cells and EPEC thus, preventing further infection from EPEC. CONCLUSION Inhibition in intestinal secretion, reduced nitric oxide production and inflammatory expression along with reactivation of Na+/K-ATPase activity could be attributed to the observed antidiarrhoeal potential of PGE against infectious diarrhoea, where quercetin was confirmed to be the main contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayshri R Hirudkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440033, India
| | - Komal M Parmar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440033, India
| | - Rupali S Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440033, India
| | - Saurabh K Sinha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohanlal Shukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India
| | - Amarsinh D Lomte
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440033, India
| | - Prakash R Itankar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440033, India
| | - Satyendra K Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, Maharashtra, 440033, India.
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Bose S, Munsch T, Lanoue A, Garros L, Tungmunnithum D, Messaili S, Destandau E, Billet K, St-Pierre B, Clastre M, Abbasi BH, Hano C, Giglioli-Guivarc’h N. UPLC-HRMS Analysis Revealed the Differential Accumulation of Antioxidant and Anti-Aging Lignans and Neolignans in In Vitro Cultures of Linum usitatissimum L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:508658. [PMID: 33072140 PMCID: PMC7539065 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.508658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, methods relating to plant tissue culture have become prevalent within the cosmetic industry. Forecasts predict the cosmetic industry to grow to an annual turnover of around a few hundred billion US dollars. Here we focused on Linum usitatissimum L., a plant that is well-known for its potent cosmetic properties. Following the a) establishment of cell cultures from three distinct initial explant origins (root, hypocotyl, and cotyledon) and b) selection of optimal hormonal concentrations, two in vitro systems (callus vs cell suspensions) were subjected to different light conditions. Phytochemical analysis by UPLC-HRMS not only confirmed high (neo)lignan accumulation capacity of this species with high concentrations of seven newly described (neo)lignans. Evaluation over 30 days revealed strong variations between the two different in vitro systems cultivated under light or dark, in terms of their growth kinetics and phytochemical composition. Additionally, antioxidant (i.e. four different in vitro assays based on hydrogen-atom transfer or electron transfer mechanism) and anti-aging (i.e. four in vitro inhibition potential of the skin remodeling enzymes: elastase, hyaluronidase, collagenase and tyrosinase) properties were evaluated for the two different in vitro systems cultivated under light or dark. A prominent hydrogen-atom transfer antioxidant mechanism was illustrated by the DPPH and ABTS assays. Potent tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activities were also observed, which was strongly influenced by the in vitro system and light conditions. Statistical treatments of the data showed relationship of some (neo)lignans with these biological activities. These results confirmed the accumulation of flax (neo)lignans in different in vitro systems that were subjected to distinct light conditions. Furthermore, we showed the importance of optimizing these parameters for specific applications within the cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankhamala Bose
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Thibaut Munsch
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Arnaud Lanoue
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Laurine Garros
- UMR7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, Orléans, France
- USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRA, Orléans, France
| | - Duangjai Tungmunnithum
- USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRA, Orléans, France
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Souhila Messaili
- UMR7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, Orléans, France
| | - Emilie Destandau
- UMR7311, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique, Université d’Orléans, CNRS, Orléans, France
| | - Kévin Billet
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Benoit St-Pierre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Marc Clastre
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRA, Orléans, France
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’h, ; Bilal Haider Abbasi,
| | - Christophe Hano
- USC1328 Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, Université d’Orléans, INRA, Orléans, France
| | - Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’h
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
- *Correspondence: Nathalie Giglioli-Guivarc’h, ; Bilal Haider Abbasi,
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Qin F, Wu H, Li X, Han J. Correlation between changes in gut flora and serum inflammatory factors in children with noninfectious diarrhea. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060519896154. [PMID: 31948328 PMCID: PMC7113706 DOI: 10.1177/0300060519896154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To assess the association between changes in gut flora and serum inflammatory factors in children with noninfectious diarrhea. Basic Procedure Ninety-three children diagnosed with and treated for noninfectious diarrhea (diarrhea group) and 80 healthy children (healthy control group) were enrolled in this study. Fresh fecal samples were diluted, and after cultivating bacteria for 48 hours at 37°C, we compared the number of bacterial cells in gut flora per gram of feces and determined gut colonization resistance. Findings The abundance of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus in feces was significantly higher in the diarrhea group than in the healthy control group. Conversely, the abundance of Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria was significantly lower in the diarrhea group than in the healthy control group. Serum interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels in the diarrhea group were significantly higher than those in the healthy control group. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that serum IL-1, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-α levels positively correlated with abundance of E. coli and Enterococcus and negatively correlated with abundance of Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria. Conclusions Gut dysbacteriosis and overexpression of serum inflammatory factors occur in children with noninfectious diarrhea and are closely correlated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Linqing, Shandong, China
| | - Haibo Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, Zaozhuang Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiumin Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Linqing, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng Second People's Hospital, Liaocheng, Linqing, Shandong, China
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Parmar KM, Bhagwat DS, Sinha SK, Katare NT, Prasad SK. The potency of eriosematin E from Eriosema chinense Vogel. against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli induced diarrhoea using preclinical and molecular docking studies. Acta Trop 2019; 193:84-91. [PMID: 30807750 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the potential of eriosematin E (ECM) isolated from the roots of Eriosema chinense against enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) induced diarrhoea. ECM isolated from the bioactive chloroform fraction of E. chinense was subjected to antidiarrhoeal evaluation on rats against diarrhoea, induced by the oral suspension of EPEC. The study included evaluation of behavioral parameters for 6 h and up to 24 h of induction, followed by estimation of water content, the density of EPEC in stools and evaluation of various blood parameters. Further, the colonic and small intestinal tissues were subjected to biochemical estimations, antioxidant evaluation, determination of ion concentration, Na+/K+ -ATPase activity, pro-inflammatory cytokines assessment and histopathology. Finally, the impact of ECM on Na+/K+-ATPase was studied through molecular docking studies. Significant antidiarrhoeal potential of ECM was demonstrated at 5 and 10 mg/kg, p.o., however, ECM at 10 mg/kg, p.o. was found to be more effective, as confirmed through higher % protection, density of EPEC in stools and water content of stools. ECM also significantly increased the level of WBC, Hb, platelets and revealed restoration of altered antioxidants, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and TNF-α) status and also reactivated the suppressed Na+/K+-ATPase activity, which was also confirmed through docking studies showing H-bonding of hydroxyl group of ECM with amino acids Asp 190, Asn 167 and Glu 169 thus, maintaining proper electrolyte balance and also prevented epithelial tissue damage. The overall effect of ECM may be attributed to the decline in the elevated level of cytokines, inhibition in nitric oxide production and reactivation of Na+/K+-ATPase activity resulting in reduced intestinal secretion.
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Bezerra FF, Lima GC, Sousa NAD, Sousa WMD, Costa LEC, Costa DSD, Barros FCN, Medeiros JVR, Freitas ALP. Antidiarrheal activity of a novel sulfated polysaccharide from the red seaweed Gracilaria cervicornis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 224:27-35. [PMID: 29803569 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The use of marine seaweeds as a source of natural compounds with medicinal purposes is increasing in Western countries in the last decades, becoming an important alternative in the traditional medicine of many developing countries, where diarrhea still remains a severe public health problem, with high rates of mortality and morbidity. Sulfated polysaccharides (PLS) extracted from red seaweeds can exhibit therapeutic effects for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Thus, the pharmacological properties of the PLS from Gracilaria cervicornis, an endemic seaweed found in the Brazilian northeast coast, was evaluated as an alternative natural medication for diarrhea. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the antidiarrheal activity of sulfated polysaccharides (PLS) extracted from the red seaweed G. cervicornis in Swiss mice pre-treated with castor oil or cholera toxin. MATERIALS AND METHODS The seaweed Gracilaria cervicornis was collected at Flecheiras beach (city of Trairí, State of Ceará, Brazil) and the PLS was obtained through enzymatic extraction and administered in mice (25-30 g) before diarrhea induction with castor oil or cholera toxin. For the evaluation of the total number of fecal output and diarrheal feces, the animals were placed in cages lined with adsorbent material. The evaluation of intestinal fluid accumulation (enteropooling) on castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice occurred by dissecting the small intestine and measuring its volume. The determination of Na+/K+-ATPase activity was measured in the small intestine supernatants by colorimetry, using commercial biochemistry kits. The gastrointestinal motility was evaluated utilizing an activated charcoal as a food tracer. The intestinal fluid secretion and chloride ion concentration were evaluated in intestinal closed loops in mice with cholera toxin-induced secretory diarrhea. The binding ability of PLS with GM1 and/or cholera toxin was evaluated by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). RESULTS The G. cervicornis PLS showed antidiarrheal effects in both acute and secretory diarrhea, reducing the total number of fecal output, diarrheic stools, intestinal fluid accumulation, and increasing small intestine Na+/K+-ATPase activity on castor oil-induced diarrhea. However, the PLS did not affect gastrointestinal motility, indicating that this compound has a different action mechanism than loperamide. In secretory diarrhea, the PLS decreased intestinal fluid secretion and small intestine chloride excretion, binding with GM1 and/or cholera toxin and blocking their attachment to the enterocyte cell surface. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, PLS has a significant antidiarrheal effect in acute and secretory diarrhea. Further investigation is needed towards its use as a natural medicine to treat diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Felipe Bezerra
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Glauber Cruz Lima
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Nayara Alves de Sousa
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí. Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Willer Malta de Sousa
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Luís Eduardo Castanheira Costa
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Douglas Soares da Costa
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí. Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francisco Clark Nogueira Barros
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará - Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Jand Venes Rolim Medeiros
- Biotechnology and Biodiversity Center Research, BIOTEC, Post-graduation program in Biotechnology - Federal University of Piauí. Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia Ponte Freitas
- Laboratory of Proteins and Carbohydrates of Marine Algae, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Federal University of Ceará. Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
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Rawat P, Singh PK, Kumar V. Evidence based traditional anti-diarrheal medicinal plants and their phytocompounds. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 96:1453-1464. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Abdur Rahman HM, Ahmed K, Rasool MF, Imran I. Pharmacological evaluation of smooth muscle relaxant and cardiac-modulation potential of Phyla nodiflora in ex-vivo and in-vivo experiments. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:1146-1153. [PMID: 29268970 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the pharmacological basis of its uses of Phyla nodiflora (P. nodiflora) for the treatment of anomalies predominantly by smooth muscle containing tissues such as gastrointestinal/vascular/broncho spasm and cardiovascular modulation. METHODS The crude hydroalcoholic extract of P. nodiflora (Pn.Cr) and its fractions were evaluated on isolated rabbit jejunum, rat trachea, aorta and atrium. To access the contractile or relaxant effects of testing materials, the tissues were mounted in isolated organ bath and responses were recorded with transducers coupled with data acquisition system. BALB/c mice were challenged with castor oil for the assessment of in-vivo antidiarrheal activity. Normotensive rats were used for in-vivo hypotensive study. RESULTS Hydroalcoholic extract of Pn.Cr at variable concentrations inhibited the natural spontaneous rhythm and 80 mmol/L K+ mediated contractions in isolated segment of jejunum with EC50 values of 3.18 and 1.91 mg/mL respectively. Verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker, demonstrated akin pattern in jejunum and therefore possibly suggesting calcium blocking activity. On isolated rat tracheal tissue, Pn.Cr showed relaxation of high-K+ and carbachol mediated contractions (EC50 values: 1.24 and 2.42 mg/mL). Pn.Cr treatment relaxed the rat aortic ring in a cumulative doses with high-K+ and phenylephrine-induced contractions (EC50 values 0.25 and 0.92 mg/mL). Activity based fractionation of Pn.Cr showed that dichloromethane fraction was more potent for relaxing the tissues spasm compared to aqueous fraction. In-vivo experiments, significant protection by Pn.Cr (P < 0.05) was observed in castor oil-induced diarrhea (50-500 mg/kg) whereas hypotensive effect in anesthetized rats was seen at the dose range of 1-10 mg/kg of Pn.Cr (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This study suggests the blockage of calcium channel in the smooth muscles as a pharmacological application to make usage of P. nodiflora in the management of diarrhea, asthma and hypotensive effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Khaled Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Imran Imran
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, 60800, Multan, Pakistan.
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Rahman HMA, Bashir S, Mandukhail SR, Huda S, Gilani AH. Pharmacological Evaluation of Gut Modulatory and Bronchodilator Activities of Achyranthes aspera Linn. Phytother Res 2017; 31:1776-1785. [PMID: 28840614 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Achyranthes aspera L. is traditionally used to relieve constipation, diarrhea, and asthma. Its crude extract (Aa.Cr) was evaluated through in vivo and ex vivo experiments to rationalize these medicinal uses of A. aspera and to provide their scientific basis. Aa.Cr, at 3 and 10 mg/kg, increased fecal output, similar to castor oil, whereas at 30, 100, 300, and 700 mg/kg, it protected against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice when administered orally. Aa.Cr caused spasmogenic effect on rabbit jejunum and guinea pig ileum preparations, which was partially inhibited by atropine while completely blocked by cyproheptadine preincubation. Aa.Cr also relaxed high K+ (80 mM)-induced contraction in rabbit jejunum. Aa.Cr inhibited CCh (100 μg/kg)-induced bronchospasm in rats, similar to aminophylline. Like dicyclomine, Aa.Cr relaxed high K+ and CCh (1 μM)-induced contractions in guinea pig trachea and caused rightwards parallel shift of CCh concentration-response curves at the lower concentrations followed by non-parallel shift at the higher concentrations. On activity-directed fractionation, spasmogenic and spasmolytic activities of Aa.Cr were concentrated in aqueous and organic fraction, respectively. This study suggests the presence of dose-specific laxative and antidiarrheal effects in A. aspera, possibly mediated through cyproheptadine-sensitive receptors and dual cholinergic and calcium channel blockade, respectively. The latter combination is also a suggested mechanism underlying its bronchodilator effect. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Muhammad Abdur Rahman
- Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Samra Bashir
- Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.,M. Islam College of Pharmacy, Deewan Road, Gujranwala, Pakistan
| | - Safur Rehman Mandukhail
- Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Sohaib Huda
- Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan
| | - Anwarul Hassan Gilani
- Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan.,Pakistan Council for Science and Technology, Shahra-e-Jamhuriat, G-5/2, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Preparation of Galla Chinensis Oral Solution as well as Its Stability, Safety, and Antidiarrheal Activity Evaluation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:1851459. [PMID: 28811824 PMCID: PMC5547719 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1851459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY As a widely used traditional medicine, Galla Chinensis is rich in tannins. However, there are few detailed studies about pharmaceutical preparations of Galla Chinensis tannin extract (GTE). In the present experiments, for better application and to investigate the possibility that Galla Chinensis tannin extract can be used as an antidiarrheal drug, we prepared Galla Chinensis oral solution (GOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS GOS was prepared with GTE, and its physicochemical and microbiological stability was evaluated. The oral acute toxicity of GOS was calculated by the 50% lethal dose (LD50). The antidiarrheal activity was determined in a castor oil-induced diarrhea model in mice through diarrhea symptoms, fluid accumulation ratio, and percentage of distance moved by charcoal meal. RESULTS The tannin content of GTE was 47.75%. GOS could endure a high temperature without a significant decrease of tannin content. After storage for six months, the tannin content of GOS was still more than 90%. GOS was determined to be nontoxic. Meanwhile, GOS showed significant antidiarrheal activity in a castor oil-induced diarrhea model in mice (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The results suggested that GOS is an effective and stable antidiarrheal drug that can be used to complement other therapies.
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Formiga RDO, Quirino ZGM, Diniz MDFFM, Marinho AF, Tavares JF, Batista LM. Maytenus erythroxylon Reissek (Celastraceae) ethanol extract presents antidiarrheal activity via antimotility and antisecretory mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:4381-4389. [PMID: 28706420 PMCID: PMC5487501 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i24.4381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the acute toxicity, phytochemical profile, antidiarrheal activity and mechanisms of action of Maytenus erythroxylon (M. erythroxylon) ethanol extract.
METHODS A castor oil-induced diarrhea model was used to evaluate antidiarrheal activity. Intestinal transit and gastric emptying protocols were used to evaluate a possible antimotility effect. KATP channels, nitric oxide, presynaptic α2-adrenergic and tissue adrenergic receptors were investigated to uncover antimotility mechanisms of action and castor oil-induced enteropooling to elucidate antisecretory mechanisms.
RESULTS All tested doses of the extract (62.5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) possessed antidiarrheal activity, with a significant decrease of the evacuation index. This activity is possibly related to a reduced gastric emptying (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) and to a decreased percentage of intestinal transit for all tested doses. That last effect seems to be modulated by nitric oxide, KATP channels and tissue adrenergic receptors. Besides, the extract also presented antisecretory effect due to a decrease of intestinal fluid accumulation.
CONCLUSION The antidiarrheal effect of M. erythroxylon found in this study involves antimotility and antisecretory mechanisms that may be attributed to the chemical compounds found in this species: saponins, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenes and steroids.
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Anjum S, Abbasi BH, Doussot J, Favre-Réguillon A, Hano C. Effects of photoperiod regimes and ultraviolet-C radiations on biosynthesis of industrially important lignans and neolignans in cell cultures of Linum usitatissimum L. (Flax). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2017; 167:216-227. [PMID: 28088102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Lignans and neolignans are principal bioactive components of Linum usitatissimum L. (Flax), having multiple pharmacological activities. In present study, we are reporting an authoritative abiotic elicitation strategy of photoperiod regimes along with UV-C radiations. Cell cultures were grown in different photoperiod regimes (24h-dark, 24h-light and 16L/8D h photoperiod) either alone or in combination with various doses (1.8-10.8kJ/m2) of ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiations. Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG), lariciresinol diglucoside (LDG), dehydrodiconiferyl alcohol glucoside (DCG), and guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl alcohol ether glucoside (GGCG) were quantified by using reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Results showed that the cultures exposed to UV-C radiations, accumulated higher levels of lignans, neolignans and other biochemical markers than cultures grown under different photoperiod regimes. 3.6kJ/m2 dose of UV-C radiations resulted in 1.86-fold (7.1mg/g DW) increase in accumulation of SDG, 2.25-fold (21.6mg/g DW) in LDG, and 1.33-fold (9.2mg/g DW) in GGCG in cell cultures grown under UV+photoperiod than their respective controls. Furthermore, cell cultures grown under UV+dark showed 1.36-fold (60.0mg/g DW) increase in accumulation of DCG in response to 1.8kJ/m2 dose of UV-C radiations. Smilar trends were observed in productivity of SDG, LDG and GGCG. Additionally, 3.6kJ/m2 dose of UV-C radiations also resulted in 2.82-fold (195.65mg/l) increase in total phenolic production, 2.94-fold (98.9mg/l) in total flavonoid production and 1.04-fold (95%) in antioxidant activity of cell cultures grown under UV+photoperiod. These findings open new dimensions for feasible production of biologically active lignans and neolignans by Flax cell cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Haider Abbasi
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan.
| | - Joël Doussot
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328/Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France; Le CNAM, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, CASER-SITI-CG, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
| | - Alain Favre-Réguillon
- Le CNAM, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, CASER-SITI-CG, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France; Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés Catalytiques (UMR 5285), CPE Lyon, 43 boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Christophe Hano
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRA USC1328/Université d'Orléans, 28000 Chartres, France; Bioactifs et Cosmétiques, GDR 3711 COSMACTIFS, CNRS/Université d'Orléans, France
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Palla AH, Iqbal NT, Minhas K, Gilani AH. Flaxseed extract exhibits mucosal protective effect in acetic acid induced colitis in mice by modulating cytokines, antioxidant and antiinflammatory mechanisms. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 38:153-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Ayrle H, Mevissen M, Kaske M, Nathues H, Gruetzner N, Melzig M, Walkenhorst M. Medicinal plants--prophylactic and therapeutic options for gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets? A systematic review. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:89. [PMID: 27268043 PMCID: PMC4896019 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets lead to significant economic losses in livestock husbandry. A high morbidity has been reported for diarrhea (calves ≤ 35%; piglets ≤ 50%) and for respiratory diseases (calves ≤ 80%; piglets ≤ 40%). Despite a highly diverse etiology and pathophysiology of these diseases, treatment with antimicrobials is often the first-line therapy. Multi-antimicrobial resistance in pathogens results in international accordance to strengthen the research in novel treatment options. Medicinal plants bear a potential as alternative or additional treatment. Based on the versatile effects of their plant specific multi-component-compositions, medicinal plants can potentially act as 'multi-target drugs'. Regarding the plurality of medicinal plants, the aim of this systematic review was to identify potential medicinal plant species for prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases and for modulation of the immune system and inflammation in calves and piglets. RESULTS Based on nine initial sources including standard textbooks and European ethnoveterinary studies, a total of 223 medicinal plant species related to the treatment of gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases was identified. A defined search strategy was established using the PRISMA statement to evaluate 30 medicinal plant species starting from 20'000 peer-reviewed articles published in the last 20 years (1994-2014). This strategy led to 418 references (257 in vitro, 84 in vivo and 77 clinical trials, thereof 48 clinical trials in veterinary medicine) to evaluate effects of medicinal plants and their efficacy in detail. The findings indicate that the most promising candidates for gastrointestinal diseases are Allium sativum L., Mentha x piperita L. and Salvia officinalis L.; for diseases of the respiratory tract Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH, Thymus vulgaris L. and Althea officinalis L. were found most promising, and Echinacea purpurea (L.) MOENCH, Camellia sinensis (L.) KUNTZE, Glycyrrhiza glabra L. and Origanum vulgare L. were identified as best candidates for modulation of the immune system and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS Several medicinal plants bear a potential for novel treatment strategies for young livestock. There is a need for further research focused on gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases in calves and piglets, and the findings of this review provide a basis on plant selection for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Ayrle
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, postbox 219, Frick, 5070, Switzerland. .,Division Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, Bern, 3012, Switzerland.
| | - Meike Mevissen
- Division Veterinary Pharmacology & Toxicology, Department Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Laenggassstrasse 124, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Martin Kaske
- Department of Farm Animals, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
| | - Heiko Nathues
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swine Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Niels Gruetzner
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Swine Clinic, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bremgartenstrasse 109a, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Melzig
- Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Koenigin-Luise-Strasse 2 + 4, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Michael Walkenhorst
- Department of Livestock Sciences, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Ackerstrasse 113, postbox 219, Frick, 5070, Switzerland
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Anjum S, Abbasi BH. Thidiazuron-enhanced biosynthesis and antimicrobial efficacy of silver nanoparticles via improving phytochemical reducing potential in callus culture of Linum usitatissimum L. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:715-28. [PMID: 26955271 PMCID: PMC4768898 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s102359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by using plants is an emerging class of nanobiotechnology. It revolutionizes all domains of medical sciences by synthesizing chemical-free AgNPs for various biomedical applications. In this report, AgNPs were successfully synthesized by using whole plant extract (WPE) and thidiazuron-induced callus extract (CE) of Linum usitatissimum. The phytochemical analysis revealed that the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were higher in CE than that in WPE. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy of synthesized AgNPs showed a characteristic surface plasmon band in the range of 410–426 nm. Bioreduction of CE-mediated AgNPs was completed in a shorter time than that of WPE-mediated AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy showed that both types of synthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape, but CE-mediated AgNPs were smaller in size (19–24 nm) and more scattered in distribution than that of WPE-mediated AgNPs (49–54 nm). X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed crystalline nature (face-centered cubic) of both types of AgNPs. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the polyphenols and flavonoids were mainly responsible for reduction and capping of synthesized AgNPs. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis further confirmed the successful synthesis of AgNPs. Moreover, the synthesized AgNPs were found to be stable over months with no change in the surface plasmon bands. More importantly, CE-mediated AgNPs displayed significantly higher bactericidal activity against multiple drug-resistant human pathogens than WPE-mediated AgNPs. The present work highlighted the potent role of thidiazuron in in vitro-derived cultures for enhanced biosynthesis of chemical-free AgNPs, which can be used as nanomedicines in many biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumaira Anjum
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Hanif Palla A, Gilani AH. Dual effectiveness of Flaxseed in constipation and diarrhea: Possible mechanism. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015; 169:60-68. [PMID: 25889554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This study was planned to assess pharmacological basis for the medicinal use of Flaxseed in constipation and diarrhea. MATERIALS AND METHODS The oil and mucilage of Flaxseeds were studied for their laxative, and antidiarrheal activities in mice. The mechanisms of laxative and antidiarrheal activities were further studied using the isolated tissue preparations (rabbit jejunum and guinea-pig ileum) immersed in Tyrode׳s solution maintained at 37°C and aerated with carbogen gas. Isotonic responses were measured on spontaneously contracting isolated jejunum and guinea-pig ileum preparations. RESULTS Oral administration of Flaxseed oil (30 and 70mg/kg, orally) and mucilage (1 and 2.5g/kg, orally) caused dose-dependent increase in wet feces in mice. The spasmogenic effect of Flaxseed oil was partially blocked by pyrilamine (p<0.05) and atropine (p<0.01) in isolated rabbit jejunum whereas atropine completely blocked the effect of Flaxseed mucilage on isolated guinea-pig ileum. When studied for its antidiarrheal effect, Flaxseed oil reduced the castor oil-induced diarrheal score by 49.35% and 84.41% and intestinal secretions by 19% and 33.62% at the oral doses of 100 and 300mg/kg respectively. In isolated rabbit jejunum preparations, Flaxseed oil produced a dose-dependent inhibition of both spontaneous and low K(+) (25mM) -induced contractions in rabbit jejunum. The inhibitory effect against low K(+) was most sensitive to tetra-ethylammonium chloride, a non-specific K(+) channel blocker, followed by glibenclamide, a partial ATP-dependent K(+) channels blocker and 4-Aminopyridine, a voltage gated K(+)-channel blocker. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that Flaxseed oil and mucilage exhibit laxative activity, mediated primarily through cholinergic pathway with weak histaminergic effect component evident in Flaxseed oil, which also showed antidiarrheal activity, mediated possibly through K(+) channels activation. Thus this study rationalizes the medicinal use of Flaxseed in both the constipation and diarrhea with sound mechanistic basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber Hanif Palla
- Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi 74800, Pakistan
| | - Anwarul-Hassan Gilani
- Natural Products Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi 74800, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, PO Box 1871, Mekelle, Ethiopia.
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