1
|
Liu Y, Wang K, Gong X, Qu W, Xiao Y, Sun H, Kang J, Sheng J, Wu F, Dai F. Schisandra chinensis inhibits the entry of BoHV-1 by blocking PI3K-Akt pathway and enhances the m6A methylation of gD to inhibit the entry of progeny virus. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1444414. [PMID: 39104584 PMCID: PMC11298802 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1444414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis, a traditional Chinese medicine known for its antitussive and sedative effects, has shown promise in preventing various viral infections. Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is an enveloped DNA virus that causes respiratory disease in cattle, leading to significant economic losses in the industry. Because the lack of previous reports on Schisandra chinensis resisting BoHV-1 infection, this study aimed to investigate the specific mechanisms involved. Results from TCID50, qPCR, IFA, and western blot analyses demonstrated that Schisandra chinensis could inhibit BoHV-1 entry into MDBK cells, primarily through its extract Methylgomisin O (Meth O). The specific mechanism involved Meth O blocking BoHV-1 entry into cells via clathrin- and caveolin-mediated endocytosis by suppressing the activation of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Additionally, findings from TCID50, qPCR, co-immunoprecipitation and western blot assays revealed that Schisandra chinensis blocked BoHV-1 gD transcription through enhancing m6A methylation of gD after virus entry, thereby hindering gD protein expression and preventing progeny virus entry into cells and ultimately inhibiting BoHV-1 replication. Overall, these results suggest that Schisandra chinensis can resist BoHV-1 infection by targeting the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting gD transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Kang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Gong
- Qingdao YeBio Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Weijie Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yangyang Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Hongtao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingli Kang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinliang Sheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Faxing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biosafety Risk Prevention and Control of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (South), China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Feiyan Dai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ji R, Wang Z, Kuang H. Extraction, purification, structural characterization, and biological activity of polysaccharides from Schisandra chinensis: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132590. [PMID: 38788881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (SC), a plant of the Magnoliaceae family, commonly known as "North Schisandra chinensis", has been listed as a top-grade Chinese medicine in the Shennong Materia Medica Classic for its high medicinal value since ancient times. Polysaccharides from S. chinensis fruits (SCPs) are an active component in SC, which have various biological activity, including immune regulation, anti-tumor, antioxidant, liver protective, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activity. Research has shown that the extraction methods of SCPs include hot water extraction, water extraction and alcohol precipitation, ultrasonic-assisted, microwave-assisted and so on. Different extraction methods can affect the yield and purity of polysaccharides, and to improve the extraction yield of SCPs, two or more extraction methods can be combined. SCPs are mainly composed of glucose, mannose, rhamnose, galactose, galacturonic acid and arabinose. This article aims to provide a systematic review of the research progress in the extraction and separation methods, structural characterization, and biological activity of SCPs both domestically and internationally in recent years. This deeply explores the pharmacological activity and action mechanism of SCPs, and provides a certain point of reference for the research and clinical application of SC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
| | - Haixue Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Basic and Application Research of Beiyao (Ministry of Education), Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen S, Qin F, Yang Y, Zhao Y, Xiao S, Li W, Akihisa T, Jantrawut P, Ji J, Zhang J. Extraction, purification, structural characterization, and bioactivities of the genus Schisandra polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130257. [PMID: 38423904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The genus Schisandra, a member of the Magnoliaceae family, is a well-known tonic traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of traditional medicinal and functional food used in China. Polysaccharides are one of its main active constituents, which have a wide range of bioactivities, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, neuroprotection, anti-diabetes, hepatoprotection, immunomodulation, and anti-fatigue. In this paper, we review the extraction, isolation, purification, structural characterization, bioactivities, as well as structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from the genus Schisandra. In conclusion, we hope that this review could provide reference for the subsequent research on structural, bioactivities, development and application of the genus Schisandra polysaccharides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China
| | - Fang Qin
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China
| | - Ying Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China
| | - Shuyun Xiao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China
| | - Wei Li
- Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-1094, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Akihisa
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China; Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ching Mai University, Ching Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jingyu Ji
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211112, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Qi J, Lv C, Guo J, Li Y, Sima M, Luo R, Xiang H, Xia X, Zhou Y, Wang T. Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. polysaccharide inhibits influenza A virus in vitro and in vivo. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:1831-1843. [PMID: 37544014 PMCID: PMC10549229 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus is prone to seasonal spread and widespread outbreaks, which pose important challenges to public health security. Therefore, it is important to effectively prevent and treat influenza virus infection. Schisandra polysaccharide (SPJ) is a polysaccharide derived from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral activity of SPJ in vitro and in vivo, especially against influenza A virus (IAV) infection. By analyzing SPJ structure and monosaccharide composition, the molecular weight of SPJ was determined to be 115.5 KD, and it is composed of galacturonic acid (89.4%), rhamnose (0.8%), galactose (4.4%), arabinose (3.8%), and glucose (1.7%). Immunofluorescence analysis showed that SPJ treatment reduced the positive rate of viral nucleoproteins in cells, indicating that the compound had an inhibitory effect on influenza virus replication. Furthermore, SPJ therapy improved the survival of infected mice. Lung virus titer assays indicated that SPJ treatment significantly reduced viral loading in the lung tissue of infected mice and alleviated the pathological damage caused by influenza virus infection. Moreover, SPJ reduced cytokine expression during influenza virus challenge. In conclusion, SPJ has anti-influenza virus effects and may have potential as an anti-influenza drug candidate in further clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- College of Life SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina
| | - Chaoxiang Lv
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina
- The Research Center for Preclinical MedicineSouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Jin Guo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina
- College of Life SciencesShandong Normal UniversityJinanChina
| | - Yuanguo Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina
| | - Mingwei Sima
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina
- College of Basic MedicineChangchun University of Chinese MedicineChina
| | - Rongbo Luo
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina
| | - Haiyang Xiang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina
| | - Yifa Zhou
- College of Life SciencesNortheast Normal UniversityChangchunChina
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jia M, Zhou L, Lou Y, Yang X, Zhao H, Ouyang X, Huang Y. An analysis of the nutritional effects of Schisandra chinensis components based on mass spectrometry technology. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1227027. [PMID: 37560060 PMCID: PMC10408133 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1227027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (S. chinensis) is a Traditional Chinese medicinal herb that can be used both for medicinal purposes and as a food ingredient due to its beneficial properties, and it is enriched with a wide of natural plant nutrients, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, lignans, triterpenes, organic acids, and sugars. At present, there is lack of comprehensive study or systemic characterization of nutritional and active ingredients of S. chinensis using innovative mass spectrometry techniques. METHODS The comprehensive review was conducted by searching the PubMed databases for relevant literature of various mass spectrometry techniques employed in the analysis of nutritional components in S. chinensis, as well as their main nutritional effects. The literature search covered the past 5 years until March 15, 2023. RESULTS The potential nutritional effects of S. chinensis are discussed, including its ability to enhance immunity, function as an antioxidant, anti-allergen, antidepressant, and anti-anxiety agent, as well as its ability to act as a sedative-hypnotic and improve memory, cognitive function, and metabolic imbalances. Meanwhile, the use of advanced mass spectrometry detection technologies have the potential to enable the discovery of new nutritional components of S. chinensis, and to verify the effects of different extraction methods on these components. The contents of anthocyanins, lignans, organic acids, and polysaccharides, the main nutritional components in S. chinensis, are also closely associated to its quality. CONCLUSION This review will provide guidelines for an in-depth study on the nutritional value of S. chinensis and for the development of healthy food products with effective components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhen Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Lou
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hangyu Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xinshou Ouyang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Digestive Disease Section, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Yanjie Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of CM, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang XF, Chen X, Tang Y, Wu JM, Qin DL, Yu L, Yu CL, Zhou XG, Wu AG. The Therapeutic Potential of Plant Polysaccharides in Metabolic Diseases. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1329. [PMID: 36355500 PMCID: PMC9695998 DOI: 10.3390/ph15111329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant polysaccharides (PPS) composed of more than 10 monosaccharides show high safety and various pharmacological activities, including immunoregulatory, antitumor, antioxidative, antiaging, and other effects. In recent years, emerging evidence has indicated that many PPS are beneficial for metabolic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, obesity, and neurological diseases, which are usually caused by the metabolic disorder of fat, sugar, and protein. In this review, we introduce the common characteristics and functional activity of many representative PPS, emphasize the common risks and molecular mechanism of metabolic diseases, and discuss the pharmacological activity and mechanism of action of representative PPS obtained from plants including Aloe vera, Angelica sinensis, pumpkin, Lycium barbarum, Ginseng, Schisandra chinensis, Dioscorea pposite, Poria cocos, and tea in metabolic diseases. Finally, this review will provide directions and a reference for future research and for the development of PPS into potential drugs for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fang Wang
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xue Chen
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jian-Ming Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Da-Lian Qin
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Chong-Lin Yu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Xiao-Gang Zhou
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - An-Guo Wu
- Sichuan Key Medical Laboratory of New Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation, Luzhou Key Laboratory of Activity Screening and Druggability Evaluation for Chinese Materia Medica, School of Pharmacy, Education Ministry Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations, College of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang K, Qiu J, Huang Z, Yu Z, Wang W, Hu H, You Y. A comprehensive review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and pharmacokinetics of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 284:114759. [PMID: 34678416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Schisandra chinensis (called bei-wuweizi in Chinese, S. chinensis) and Schisandra sphenanthera (called nan-wuweizi in Chinese, S. sphenanthera) are two highly similar plants in the Magnoliaceae family. Their dried ripe fruits are commonly used as traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of coughs, palpitation, spermatorrhea, and insomnia. They also are traditionally used as tonics in Russia, Japan, and Korea. AIM OF THE REVIEW S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera are similar in appearance, traditional applications, ingredient compositions, and therapeutic effects. This review, therefore, aims to provide a systematic insight into the botanical background, ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, quality control, and toxicology of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, and to explore and present the similarities and differences between S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive literature search regarding S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera was collected by using electronic databases including PubMed, SciFinder, Science Direct, Web of Science, CNKI, and the online ethnobotanical database. RESULTS In the 2020 Edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (ChP), there were 100 prescriptions containing S. chinensis, while only 11 contained S. sphenanthera. Totally, 306 and 238 compounds have been isolated and identified from S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera, respectively. Among these compounds, lignans, triterpenoids, essential oils, phenolic acid, flavonoids, phytosterols are the major composition. Through investigation of pharmacological activities, S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have similar therapeutic effects including hepatoprotection, neuroprotection, cardioprotection, anticancer, antioxidation, anti-inflammation, and hypoglycemic effect. Besides, S. chinensis turns out to have more effects including reproductive regulation and immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antitussive and antiasthmatic, anti-fatigue, antiarthritic, and bone remodeling effects. Both S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have inhibitory effects on CYP3A and P-gp, which can mediate metabolism or efflux of substrates, and therefore interact with many drugs. CONCLUSIONS S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera have great similarities. Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans are regarded to contribute to most of the bioactivities. Schisandrin A-C, schisandrol A-B, and schisantherin A, existing in both S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera but differing in the amount, are the main active components, which may contribute to the similarities and differences. Study corresponding to the traditional use is needed to reveal the deep connotation of the use of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera as traditional Chinese medicine. In addition, a joint study of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera can better show the difference between them, which can provide a reference for clinical application. It is worth mentioning that the inhibition of S. chinensis and S. sphenanthera on CYP3A and P-gp may lead to undesirable drug-drug interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zecheng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziwei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Wenjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yu You
- State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China,College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wenjiang, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Preparation, Structure Characterization of Carboxymethylated Schisandra Polysaccharides and Their Intervention in Immunotoxicity to Polychlorinated Biphenyls. Process Biochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
9
|
Aomatsu N, Shigemitsu K, Nakagawa H, Morooka T, Ishikawa J, Yamashita T, Tsuruoka A, Fuke A, Motoyama K, Kitagawa D, Ikeda K, Maeda K, Shirano M, Rinka H. Efficacy of Ninjin'yoeito in treating severe coronavirus disease 2019 in patients in an intensive care unit. Neuropeptides 2021; 90:102201. [PMID: 34753072 PMCID: PMC8484001 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19), an infectious disease associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global emergency with high mortality. There are few effective treatments, and many severe patients are treated in an intensive care unit (ICU). The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the Japanese Kampo medicine ninjin'yoeito (NYT) is effective in treating ICU patients with COVID-19. Nine patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted to the ICU were enrolled in this study. All patients underwent respiratory management with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) and enteral nutrition. Four patients received NYT (7.5 g daily) from an elemental diet tube. We retrospectively examined the prognostic nutritional index (PNI), length of IMV, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, rate of tracheostomy, and mortality rate. The median age of the enrolled participants was 60.0 years (4 men and 5 women). The median body mass index was 27.6. The most common comorbidity was diabetes (4 patients, 44%), followed by hypertension (3 patients, 33%) and chronic kidney disease (2 patients, 22%). The median length of IMV, ICU stay, and hospital stay were all shorter in the NYT group than in the non-NYT group (IMV; 4.0 days vs 14.3 days, ICU; 5.3 days vs 14.5 days, hospital stay; 19.9 days vs 28.2 days). In the NYT and non-NYT groups, the median PNI at admission was 29.0 and 31.2, respectively. One week after admission, the PNI was 30.7 in the NYT group and 24.4 in non-NYT group. PNI was significantly (p = 0.032) increased in the NYT group (+13.6%) than in the non-NYT group (-22.0%). The Japanese Kampo medicine NYT might be useful for treating patients with severe COVID-19 in ICU. This study was conducted in a small number of cases, and further large clinical trials are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Aomatsu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medical center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan; Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Shigemitsu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medical center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Nakagawa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takaya Morooka
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medical center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junichi Ishikawa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medical center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Yamashita
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medical center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayumu Tsuruoka
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medical center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihiro Fuke
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medical center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koka Motoyama
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medical center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Daiki Kitagawa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medical center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsumi Ikeda
- Department of Breast Surgical Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Maeda
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michinori Shirano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Rinka
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhong S, Bai LP, Liu XD, Cai DY, Yau LF, Huang CQ, Zhang JQ, Lai KF, Zhong NS. Cough Inhibition Activity of Schisandra chinensis in Guinea Pigs. J Med Food 2021; 24:348-357. [PMID: 33861937 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.4824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cough is very common in respiratory clinics, and no effective drugs are available. Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (S. chinensis), an important traditional Chinese medicine, has been extensively prescribed for patients with a persistent cough. Preliminary research indicated that 95% ethanol extracts (EE) of S. chinensis showed remarkable antitussive activity in guinea pigs exposed to cigarette smoke (CS). To find out the antitussive ingredients of S. chinensis, EE was divided into four fractions according to the polarity: petroleum ether extract (PEE), ethyl acetate extract (ECE), n-butyl alcohol extract, and residue extract. The antitussive, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of the four fractions were evaluated in a guinea pig model of cough hypersensitivity induced by CS exposure. Eighteen main constituents of the two effective fractions, PEE and ECE, were identified using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography electronic spray ion time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The cough inhibition activities of compound 1, 3, 9, 10, 17 were evaluated on citric acid induced acute cough guinea pigs. The results showed that the antitussive activity of EE was almost all contained in PEE and ECE. The 16 major peaks in PEE were identified as 15 lignans (1-12 and 14-16) and 1 triterpene (compound 13), and 3 major peaks (1, 17, and 18) in ECE were also identified as lignans. Three doses of five compounds brought about a significant decrease in number of cough efforts (P < .01), and the cough inhibition rates were between 40.9% and 85.1%. Therefore, lignans are the antitussive ingredients of S. chinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ping Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Die-Yi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lee-Fong Yau
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau SAR, China
| | - Chu-Qin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ke-Fang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan-Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Luo CH, Ma LL, Liu HM, Liao W, Xu RC, Ci ZM, Lin JZ, Han L, Zhang DK. Research Progress on Main Symptoms of Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia Improved by Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:556885. [PMID: 33013395 PMCID: PMC7516165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.556885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia has become a major threat to worldwide public health, having rapidly spread to more than 180 countries and infecting over 1.6 billion people. Fever, cough, and fatigue are the most common initial symptoms of COVID-19, while some patients experience diarrhea rather than fever in the early stage. Many herbal medicine and Chinese patent medicine can significantly improve these symptoms, cure the patients experiencing a mild 22form of the illness, reduce the rate of transition from mild to severe disease, and reduce mortality. Therefore, this paper summarizes the physiopathological mechanisms of fever, cough, fatigue and diarrhea, and introduces Chinese herbal medicines (Ephedrae Herba, Gypsum Fibrosum, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Asteris Radix et Rhizoma, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Codonopsis Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma, etc.) and Chinese patent medicines (Shuang-huang-lian, Ma-xing-gan-shi-tang, etc.) with their corresponding therapeutic effects. Emphasis was placed on their material basis, mechanism of action, and clinical research. Most of these medicines possess the pharmacological activities of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and immunity-enhancement, and may be promising medicines for the treatment or adjuvant treatment of COVID-19 patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuan-hong Luo
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Le-le Ma
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-min Liu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Liao
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Run-chun Xu
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhi-min Ci
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jun-zhi Lin
- Central Laboratory, Teaching Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Han
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ding-kun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Drug Resources in Southwest China, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xiang J, Liu X, Zhong S, Fang Z, Shen S, Tang J, Lai S, Lai K. Fructus mume Protects Against Cigarette Smoke Induced Chronic Cough Guinea Pig. J Med Food 2020; 23:191-197. [PMID: 32017647 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fructus mume was recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and traditional Chinese medical books for chronic cough, but the effect and related constituents are still unknown. Thus, we investigated the protect effects and the relevant constituents of F. mume in a guinea pig model with chronic cough induced by cigarette smoke (CS). The organic acids and polysaccharides in F. mume were detected by high performance liquid chromatography, gel permeation chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The guinea pigs were orally administrated with vehicle or the water extract of Fructus mume (FW) during the 14 days of CS exposure. Citric acid induced coughs were automatically measured by Buxco system. The differential cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histopathological changes in lung tissue were assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels in lung tissue were detected via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mucus productions in tracheas were determined with Alcian blue-periodic acid Schiff staining. The results suggested relatively high concentration of citric acid, chlorogenic acid, and neochlorogenic acid in F. mume, and high proportion of galactose and glucose and lower molecular weight of polysaccharides. Administration of FW significantly reduced the cough frequency, decreased inflammatory cells in BALF and lung tissue, and attenuated the thickening of airway epithelium and submucosa compared with CS-exposure group. Moreover, the overproduction of TNF-α and IL-8 in lung tissues, and mucus in central airways of CS-induced guinea pigs was markedly inhibited by FW. The extract could also protect against CS exposure-induced chronic cough in guinea pigs by reducing coughs, airways inflammation, and mucus overproduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shan Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhangfu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuirong Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaman Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siqi Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kefang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhang D, Hu S, Li W, Ao R, Wu Z, Zhang Z, Han L. Schisandra A ameliorates cigarette smoke extract and lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress in lung epithelial cells. J Thorac Dis 2020; 12:394-402. [PMID: 32274105 PMCID: PMC7139085 DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2020.01.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The previous studies reported the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Schisandrin A (Sch A). This study aimed to investigate the ability of Sch A to protect against lung oxidative stress induced by the combination of cigarette smoke extract and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in an in vitro model of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods The cell viability was determined by using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Colorimetry was used to detect the changes in antioxidant markers. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to examine the mRNA levels of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). The levels of IL-8 and HO-1 in the supernatant were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and Western blot analysis was performed to measure the phosphorylation and protein expression levels of nuclear factor-κB. Results Sch A inhibited the excessive proliferation of pulmonary epithelial cells, decreased malondialdehyde content, and increased the expression levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione after the combined treatment of cigarette smoke extract and LPS. Also, Sch A downregulated the expression of IL-8 and upregulated the expression of HO-1 mRNA in lung epithelial cells and cell supernatants, and resulted in the downregulation of the protein expression level of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB. Conclusions Sch A inhibited the oxidative stress of lung epithelial cells induced by the combination of cigarette smoke extract and LPS. Sch A may be a potential therapeutic medication for COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Suzhen Hu
- Huangdao District Chinese Medicine Hospital, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Wanyan Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ran Ao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhijuan Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Ling Han
- Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510120, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
SEO BB. Comparative evaluation of Schisandra chinensis and Viscum album var. coloratum (Korean mistletoe) powders on growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum cholesterol profiles, and meat quality of broilers. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v90i2.98810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Experiments were conducted to compare the effects of Schisandra chinensis and Viscum album var. coloratum (Korean mistletoe [KM]) powders on the growth performance, carcass characteristics, serum cholesterol, and meat quality of broilers. Arbor Acres male broiler chicks (240) were fed diets supplemented with 0% (control), 0.5%, and 1% S. chinensis, or 0.5% and 1% KM in a completely randomized design. There were no differences among the groups with respect to growth performance or carcass weight and carcass ratio, but there were differences in mortality and relative weights of organs (liver, spleen, and abdominal fat). Diets supplemented with S. chinensis or KM led to reductions in total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), and triglyceride levels and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) level. However, the S. chinensis and KM supplements produced no significant differences in proximate composition. Higher levels of S. chinensis and KM supplementation led to significantly better lipid oxidation stability and chicken thigh-meat quality (color), but there was no effect on pH and b*(yellowness). Moreover, the addition of KM had greater antioxidant and immune system effects than those of S. chinensis. In conclusion, diets with a 1% KM supplement had the greatest effect on reducing mortality and serum cholesterol levels, and increasing the meat quality of broilers.
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang WJ, Wang S, Kang CZ, Lv CG, Zhou L, Huang LQ, Guo LP. Pharmacodynamic material basis of traditional Chinese medicine based on biomacromolecules: a review. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:26. [PMID: 32140174 PMCID: PMC7049221 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00571-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Biomacromolecules, the first components of bioactive substances in traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have wide bioactivity-related efficacy but have not yet been fully appreciated compared to small molecule components. The present review brings a novel and systemic point of view to deepen the understanding of the pharmacodynamic material basis of TCM based on biomacromolecules (polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids). Biomacromolecules have been, are and will have considerable roles in the efficacy of Chinese medicine, as evidenced by the number of biological activities related to traditional clinical efficacy. The direct and indirect mechanisms of biomacromolecules are further accounted for in a variety of neurotransmitters, hormones, and immune substances to maintain immune function in both sensitive and stable equilibrium. The biological functions of biomacromolecules have been elaborated on in regard to their roles in the process of plant growth and development to the relationship between primary metabolism and secondary metabolism and to the indispensable role of polysaccharides, proteins, and nucleic acids in the quality formation of TCM. Understanding the functional properties and mechanisms of biological macromolecules will help to demystify the drug properties and health benefits of TCM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
- College of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004 China
| | - Sheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Chuan-zhi Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Chao-geng Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Lu-Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Dao-di Herbs Breeding Base, Joint Laboratory of Infinitus (China) Herbs Quality Research, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yuan M, Peng LY, Wei Q, Li JH, Song K, Chen S, Huang JN, Yu JL, An Q, Yi PF, Shen HQ, Fu BD. Schizandrin attenuates lung lesions induced by Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in chickens. Microb Pathog 2020; 142:104059. [PMID: 32058027 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) can cause serious pathological changes and inflammation in chickens. Schizandrin has anti-inflammatory activity and can prevent damage to various tissues and organs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effect of schizandrin on APEC-induced lung lesions in chickens and explore the potential mechanism of schizandrin protection. The schizandrin (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) was intragastrically administered for 3 days. APEC was administered using intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection to induce lung lesions. Then, chickens were sacrificed by CO2 inhalation 24 h later and the lung tissues were collected for examining histopathological changes, wet/dry (W/D) ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA), levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8 and activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Our findings showed that schizandrin markedly inhibited pathological changes, pulmonary edema, MPO activity and MDA content. Moreover, schizandrin markedly reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 in lung tissue. Importantly, the mechanism responsible for these effects was attributed to the inhibitory effect of schizandrin on NF-κB and MAPK signaling activation. In conclusion, our findings reveal that schizandrin displays anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activity against APEC-induced lung lesions in chickens, paving the way for rational use of schizandrin as a protective agent against lung-related inflammatory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Lu-Yuan Peng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Qian Wei
- Department of Heart Disease, Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Jing-He Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Ke Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Jiang-Ni Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Jia-Lin Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Qiang An
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Peng-Fei Yi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China
| | - Hai-Qing Shen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China.
| | - Ben-Dong Fu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Eng YS, Lee CH, Lee WC, Huang CC, Chang JS. Unraveling the Molecular Mechanism of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Formulas Against Acute Airway Viral Infections as Examples. Molecules 2019; 24:E3505. [PMID: 31569633 PMCID: PMC6804036 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24193505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Herbal medicine, including traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), is widely used worldwide. Herbs and TCM formulas contain numerous active molecules. Basically, they are a kind of cocktail therapy. Herb-drug, herb-food, herb-herb, herb-microbiome, and herb-disease interactions are complex. There is potential for both benefit and harm, so only after understanding more of their mechanisms and clinical effects can herbal medicine and TCM be helpful to users. Many pharmacologic studies have been performed to unravel the molecular mechanisms; however, basic and clinical studies of good validity are still not enough to translate experimental results into clinical understanding and to provide tough evidence for better use of herbal medicines. There are still issues regarding the conflicting pharmacologic effects, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions, adverse and clinical effects of herbal medicine and TCM. Understanding study validation, pharmacologic effects, drug interactions, indications and clinical effects, adverse effects and limitations, can all help clinicians in providing adequate suggestions to patients. At present, it would be better to use herbs and TCM formulas according to their traditional indications matching the disease pathophysiology and their molecular mechanisms. To unravel the molecular mechanisms and understand the benefits and harms of herbal medicine and TCM, there is still much work to be done.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Shin Eng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Chien Hsing Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Wei Chang Lee
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 0708, Taiwan.
| | - Ching Chun Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Jung San Chang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Renal Care, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Potential of Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. in Human Health and Nutrition: A Review of Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Perspectives. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11020333. [PMID: 30720717 PMCID: PMC6412213 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. (SCE) is a plant with high potential for beneficial health effects, confirmed by molecular studies. Its constituents exert anti-cancer effects through the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, as well as inhibition of invasion and metastasis in cancer cell lines and experimental animals. SCE displays antimicrobial effects against several pathogenic strains. It has anti-diabetic potential, supported by hypoglycemic activity. A diet rich in SCE improves pancreatic functions, stimulates insulin secretion, and reduces complications in diabetic animals. SCE prevents lipid accumulation and differentiation of preadipocytes, indicating its anti-obesity potential. SCE exerts a protective effect against skin photoaging, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia, senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction, and improves physical endurance and cognitive/behavioural functions, which can be linked with its general anti-aging potency. In food technology, SCE is applied as a preservative, and as an additive to increase the flavour, taste, and nutritional value of food. In summary, SCE displays a variety of beneficial health effects, with no side effects. Further research is needed to determine the molecular mechanisms of SCE action. First, the constituents responsible for its beneficial effects should be isolated and identified, and recommended as preventative nutritional additives, or considered as therapeutics.
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Z, He X, Liu F, Wang J, Feng J. A review of polysaccharides from Schisandra chinensis and Schisandra sphenanthera: Properties, functions and applications. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 184:178-190. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.12.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
20
|
Ma B, Zou Y, Xie X, Zhao J, Piao X, Piao J, Yao Z, Quinto M, Wang G, Li D. A high throughput mass spectrometry screening analysis based on two-dimensional carbon microfiber fractionation system. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1501:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
|